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Biochimica et biophysica acta
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pyridoxal phosphate
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enzymology
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pyridoxal phosphate
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- Author:
- Michael D. Toney
- Source:
- Biochimica et biophysica acta 2011 v.1814 no.11 pp. 1407-1418
- ISSN:
- 1878-1454
- Subject:
- nitrogen metabolism; organisms; transamination; pyridoxal phosphate; enzymes; acids; decarboxylation; amino acids; active sites; pyridoxal; enzymology
- Abstract:
- ... Pyridoxal 5′-phosphate enzymes are ubiquitous in the nitrogen metabolism of all organisms. They catalyze a wide variety of reactions including racemization, transamination, decarboxylation, elimination, retro-aldol cleavage, Claisen condensation, and others on substrates containing an amino group, most commonly α-amino acids. The wide variety of reactions catalyzed by PLP enzymes is enabled by the ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.bbapap.2011.05.019
- PubMed:
- 21664990
- PubMed Central:
- PMC3359020
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbapap.2011.05.019
- Author:
- Hans-Heinrich Limbach; Monique Chan-Huot; Shasad Sharif; Peter M. Tolstoy; Ilya G. Shenderovich; Gleb S. Denisov; Michael D. Toney
- Source:
- Biochimica et biophysica acta 2011 v.1814 no.11 pp. 1426-1437
- ISSN:
- 1878-1454
- Subject:
- aqueous solutions; aspartate transaminase; aspartic acid; correlation; enzymatic reactions; enzymology; histidine; hydrogen bonding; models; nitrogen; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; proteins; pyridoxal; pyridoxal phosphate; schiff bases; solvents; stable isotopes; zwitterions
- Abstract:
- ... In this contribution we review recent NMR studies of protonation and hydrogen bond states of pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP) and PLP model Schiff bases in different environments, starting from aqueous solution, the organic solid state to polar organic solution and finally to enzyme environments. We have established hydrogen bond correlations that allow one to estimate hydrogen bond geometries from ¹⁵ ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.bbapap.2011.06.004
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbapap.2011.06.004
- Author:
- Anthony J. Romo; Hung-wen Liu
- Source:
- Biochimica et biophysica acta 2011 v.1814 no.11 pp. 1534-1547
- ISSN:
- 1878-1454
- Subject:
- bioactive properties; biosynthesis; catalytic activity; crystal structure; deoxysugars; enzymatic reactions; enzymology; pyridoxal phosphate; transaminases; transamination
- Abstract:
- ... PLP is well-regarded for its role as a coenzyme in a number of diverse enzymatic reactions. Transamination, deoxygenation, and aldol reactions mediated by PLP-dependent enzymes enliven and enrich deoxy sugar biosynthesis, endowing these compounds with unique structures and contributing to their roles as determinants of biological activity in many natural products. The importance of deoxy aminosuga ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.bbapap.2011.02.003
- PubMed:
- 21315852
- PubMed Central:
- PMC3115481
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbapap.2011.02.003
- Author:
- Hiroko Ikushiro; Hideyuki Hayashi
- Source:
- Biochimica et biophysica acta 2011 v.1814 no.11 pp. 1474-1480
- ISSN:
- 1878-1454
- Subject:
- biosynthesis; pyridoxal phosphate; sphingolipids; spectroscopy; enzymology; serine C-palmitoyltransferase
- Abstract:
- ... Serine palmitoyltransferase, which is one of the α-oxamine synthase family enzymes, catalyzes the condensation reaction of L-serine and palmitoyl-CoA to form 3-ketodihydrosphingosine, the first and rate-determining step of the sphingolipid biosynthesis. As with other α-oxamine synthase family enzymes, the catalytic reaction is composed of multiple elementary steps, and the mechanism to control the ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.bbapap.2011.02.005
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbapap.2011.02.005
- Author:
- Yen-Lin Lin; Jiali Gao; Amir Rubinstein; Dan Thomas Major
- Source:
- Biochimica et biophysica acta 2011 v.1814 no.11 pp. 1438-1446
- ISSN:
- 1878-1454
- Subject:
- L-dopa; active sites; alanine; aqueous solutions; carbon; decarboxylation; deuterium; energy; enzymes; enzymology; gases; molecular dynamics; pyridoxal; pyridoxal phosphate; schiff bases; solvents; stable isotopes
- Abstract:
- ... Molecular dynamics simulations using a combined quantum mechanical and molecular mechanical (QM/MM) potential have been carried out to investigate the internal proton transfer equilibrium of the external aldimine species in l-dopa decarboxylase, and carbanion stabilization by the enzyme cofactor in the active site of alanine racemase. Solvent effects lower the free energy of the O-protonated PLP t ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.bbapap.2011.05.002
- PubMed:
- 21600315
- PubMed Central:
- PMC3780614
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbapap.2011.05.002
- Author:
- Gregory A. Hunter; Gloria C. Ferreira
- Source:
- Biochimica et biophysica acta 2011 v.1814 no.11 pp. 1467-1473
- ISSN:
- 1878-1454
- Subject:
- 5-aminolevulinate synthase; active sites; amino acids; anemia; biochemical pathways; biosynthesis; catalytic activity; dissociation; energy; enzymology; fungi; gene expression regulation; heme; humans; mitochondria; mutation; pyridoxal phosphate
- Abstract:
- ... Pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP) is an obligatory cofactor for the homodimeric mitochondrial enzyme 5-aminolevulinate synthase (ALAS), which controls metabolic flux into the porphyrin biosynthetic pathway in animals, fungi, and the α-subclass of proteobacteria. Recent work has provided an explanation for how this enzyme can utilize PLP to catalyze the mechanistically unusual cleavage of not one but tw ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.bbapap.2010.12.015
- PubMed:
- 21215825
- PubMed Central:
- PMC3090494
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbapap.2010.12.015
- Author:
- Barbara Kappes; Ivo Tews; Alexandra Binter; Peter Macheroux
- Source:
- Biochimica et biophysica acta 2011 v.1814 no.11 pp. 1567-1576
- ISSN:
- 1878-1454
- Subject:
- Protozoa; drugs; enzymatic reactions; enzymes; enzymology; parasites; physicochemical properties; pyridoxal phosphate; pyridoxine
- Abstract:
- ... The chemical properties of the B₆ vitamers are uniquely suited for wide use as cofactors in essential reactions, such as decarboxylations and transaminations. This review addresses current efforts to explore vitamin B₆ dependent enzymatic reactions as drug targets. Several current targets are described that are found amongst these enzymes. The focus is set on diseases caused by protozoan parasites ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.bbapap.2011.07.018
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbapap.2011.07.018
- Author:
- Tathagata Mukherjee; Jeremiah Hanes; Ivo Tews; Steven E. Ealick; Tadhg P. Begley
- Source:
- Biochimica et biophysica acta 2011 v.1814 no.11 pp. 1585-1596
- ISSN:
- 1878-1454
- Subject:
- biosynthesis; chemical reactions; enzymes; enzymology; fungi; oxidative stress; protective effect; pyridoxal phosphate; pyridoxine; singlet oxygen
- Abstract:
- ... Vitamin B₆ is an essential cofactor that participates in a large number of biochemical reactions. Pyridoxal phosphate is biosynthesized de novo by two different pathways (the DXP dependent pathway and the R5P pathway) and can also be salvaged from the environment. It is one of the few cofactors whose catabolic pathway has been comprehensively characterized. It is also known to function as a single ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.bbapap.2011.06.018
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbapap.2011.06.018
- Author:
- Rita Florio; Martino Luigi di Salvo; Mirella Vivoli; Roberto Contestabile
- Source:
- Biochimica et biophysica acta 2011 v.1814 no.11 pp. 1489-1496
- ISSN:
- 1878-1454
- Subject:
- enzymology; glycine hydroxymethyltransferase; metabolism; mutants; pyridoxal; pyridoxal phosphate; serine
- Abstract:
- ... Serine hydroxymethyltransferase is a ubiquitous representative of the family of fold type I, pyridoxal 5′-phosphate-dependent enzymes. The reaction catalyzed by this enzyme, the reversible transfer of the Cβ of serine to tetrahydropteroylglutamate, represents a link between amino acid and folates metabolism and operates as a major source of one-carbon units for several essential biosynthetic proce ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.bbapap.2010.10.010
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbapap.2010.10.010
- Author:
- Martino Luigi di Salvo; Roberto Contestabile; Martin K. Safo
- Source:
- Biochimica et biophysica acta 2011 v.1814 no.11 pp. 1597-1608
- ISSN:
- 1570-9639
- Subject:
- animals; enzymatic reactions; enzymes; enzymology; homeostasis; metabolism; pyridoxal; pyridoxal phosphate; pyridoxamine; pyridoxine
- Abstract:
- ... Vitamin B₆ is a generic term referring to pyridoxine, pyridoxamine, pyridoxal and their related phosphorylated forms. Pyridoxal 5′-phosphate is the catalytically active form of vitamin B₆, and acts as cofactor in more than 140 different enzyme reactions. In animals, pyridoxal 5′-phosphate is recycled from food and from degraded B₆-enzymes in a “salvage pathway”, which essentially involves two ubiq ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.bbapap.2010.12.006
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbapap.2010.12.006
- Author:
- Susan M. Aitken; Pratik H. Lodha; Dominique J.K. Morneau
- Source:
- Biochimica et biophysica acta 2011 v.1814 no.11 pp. 1511-1517
- ISSN:
- 1878-1454
- Subject:
- active sites; animals; anti-infective agents; bacteria; cystathionine; cystathionine beta-synthase; cystathionine gamma-lyase; cysteine; engineering; enzymology; pyridoxal; pyridoxal phosphate; therapeutics; yeasts
- Abstract:
- ... The diversity of reactions catalyzed by enzymes reliant on pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP) demonstrates the catalytic versatility of this cofactor and the plasticity of the protein scaffolds of the major fold types of PLP-dependent enzymes. The enzymes of the transsulfuration (cystathionine γ-synthase and cystathionine β-lyase) and reverse transsulfuration (cystathionine β-synthase and cystathionine ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.bbapap.2011.03.006
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbapap.2011.03.006