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... Osteochondral defect repair in osteoarthritis (OA) remains an unsolved clinical problem due to the lack of enough seed cells in the defect and chronic inflammation in the joint. To address this clinical need, we designed a bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC)-laden 3D-bioprinted multilayer scaffold with methacrylated hyaluronic acid (MeHA)/polycaprolactone incorporating kartogenin and ...
... The presentation of development-relevant bioactive cues by biomaterial scaffolds is essential to the guided differentiation of seeded human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and subsequent tissue regeneration. Wnt5a is a critical non-canonical Wnt signaling ligand and plays a key role in the development of musculoskeletal tissues including cartilage. Herein we investigate the efficacy of biofunctiona ...
... Healing of large calvarial bone defects in adults adopts intramembranous pathway and is difficult. Implantation of adipose-derived stem cells (ASC) that differentiate towards chondrogenic lineage can switch the bone repair pathway and improve calvarial bone healing. Long non-coding RNA DANCR was recently uncovered to promote chondrogenesis, but its roles in rat ASC (rASC) chondrogenesis and bone h ...
... Articular cartilage (AC) injury repair has always been a difficult problem for clinicians and researchers. Recently, a promising therapy based on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been developed for the regeneration of cartilage defects. As endogenous articular stem cells, synovial MSCs (SMSCs) possess strong chondrogenic differentiation ability and articular specificity. In this study, a cartilag ...
cartilage; chondrogenesis; genes; in vivo studies; leaching; plasmids; protein synthesis; proteoglycans; rabbits; stem cells
Abstract:
... We developed a chondrogenic scaffold system in which plasmid DNA (pDNA) containing SOX trio (SOX-5, -6, and -9) genes was incorporated into a PLGA scaffold and slowly released to transfect adipose stem cells (ASCs) seeded in the scaffold. The purpose of this study was to test the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of the system to induce chondrogenic differentiation of ASCs. The pDNA/PEI-PEG complex-in ...
... Herein we describe a bio-inspired, affinity binding alginate-sulfate scaffold, designed for the presentation and sustained release of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), and examine its effects on the chondrogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). When attached to matrix via affinity interactions with alginate sulfate, TGF-β1 loading was significantly greater and its initial relea ...
Western blotting; animal models; cartilage; cell differentiation; chondrogenesis; denaturation; extracellular matrix; fibrin; genes; humans; hydrocolloids; immunohistochemistry; in vitro culture; in vivo studies; mice; protein synthesis; quantitative polymerase chain reaction; rabbits; reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; stem cells; transforming growth factor beta 3
Abstract:
... In this study, hMSCs encapsulated in a fibrin hydrogel containing heparinized NPs loaded with TGF-β3 (100 ng/ml), or TGF-β3 (100 ng/ml) alone, were subjected to growth factor release and denaturation tests at one, two and four weeks in in vitro culture systems. Additionally, stem cell differentiation was assessed via RT-PCR, real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR), histology, and immunohistochemical ass ...
cell differentiation; chondrogenesis; ethyleneimine; fluorescence; green fluorescent protein; humans; in vitro culture; nanoparticles; polymers; reporter genes; stem cells; therapeutics; transfection
Abstract:
... Target gene transfection for desired cell differentiation has recently become a major issue in stem cell therapy. For the safe and stable delivery of genes into human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), we employed a non-viral gene carrier system such as polycataionic polymer, poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI), polyplexed with a combination of SOX5, 6, and 9 fused to green fluorescence protein (GFP), yellow f ...
... In this study, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) and dedifferentiated chondrocytes were transfected with SOX5, 6, and 9 genes (SOX Trio) and grown under pellet culture conditions (encapsulated in a fibrin hydrogel) to evaluate the chondrogenic potential in vitro and in vivo. RT-PCR, real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR), histology, and imm ...
... Adult bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells are undifferentiated, multipotential cells and have the potential to differentiate into multiple lineages like bone, cartilage or fat. In this study, polyelectrolyte complex silk fibroin/chitosan blended porous scaffolds were fabricated and examined for its ability to support in vitro chondrogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells. Silk fibroin matrices p ...
... In this study, several types of hMSCs, derived from bone marrow, adipose tissue, or amniotic fluid, were encapsulated in a fibrin hydrogel mixed with TGF-β3 and then evaluated for their capacity for differentiation in vitro and in vivo. For determination of stem cell differentiation, RT-PCR, real time quantitative PCR (qPCR), histology, and immunohistochemical assays were used for analysis of chon ...
bioactive properties; bone formation; cell differentiation; chondrocytes; chondrogenesis; circular dichroism spectroscopy; extracellular matrix; humans; injection site; messenger RNA; mice; nanoparticles; protein content; small interfering RNA; staining; stem cells; transcription factors
Abstract:
... During stem cell differentiation, various cellular responses occur that are mediated by transcription factors and proteins. This study evaluated the abilities of SOX9, a crucial protein during the early stage of chondrogenesis, and siRNA targeting Cbfa-1, a transcription factor that promotes osteogenesis, to stimulate chondrogenesis. Non-toxic poly-(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles ( ...
Western blotting; cell differentiation; chondrogenesis; ethyleneimine; fluorescent antibody technique; gels; gene expression; genes; green fluorescent protein; humans; image analysis; immunohistochemistry; light scattering; nanoparticles; plasmids; polymers; reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; scanning electron microscopes; scanning electron microscopy; small interfering RNA; stem cells; transfection
Abstract:
... Some genes expressed in stem cells interrupt and/or enhance differentiation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to inhibit the expression of unnecessary genes and enhance the expression of specific genes involved in stem cell differentiation by using small interfering RNA (siRNA) and plasmid DNA (pDNA) incorporated into cationic polymers as co-delivery factors. To achieve co-delivery of siRNA an ...
... Mesenchymal condensation is a critical transitional stage that precedes cartilage or bone formation. A microencapsulation technique was previously established to entrap mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in nanofibrous collagen meshwork. We hypothesize that collagen microencapsulation of MSCs mimics the mesenchymal cell condensation process. Specifically, human MSCs at different concentrations were micr ...
... Mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix (ECM) play an essential role in cell fate determination. To study the role of mechanical properties of ECM in stem cell-mediated bone regeneration, we used a 3D in vivo ossicle model that recapitulates endochondral bone formation. Three-dimensional gelatin scaffolds with distinct stiffness were developed using 1-Ethyl-3-[3-dimethylaminopropyl] carb ...
... The molecular mechanisms of mechanotransduction in regulating mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) chondrogenesis are not fully understood and represent an area of growing investigation. In this study, human MSC was subjected to chondrogenic differentiation in chitosan-coated poly l-lactide-co-ɛ-caprolactone scaffolds under free swelling or deferral dynamic compression conditions. The effect of deferral dy ...
... Cell-derived extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds have received considerable interest for tissue engineering applications. In this study, ECM scaffolds derived from mesenchymal stem cell (MSC), chondrocyte, and fibroblast were prepared by culturing cells in a selectively removable poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) template. These three types of ECM scaffolds were used for in vitro cultures of M ...
... With the goal of designing a clinically-relevant expansion strategy for human adipose-derived stem/stromal cells (ASCs), methods were developed to synthesize porous microcarriers derived purely from human decellularized adipose tissue (DAT). An electrospraying approach was applied to generate spherical DAT microcarriers with an average diameter of 428 ± 41 μm, which were soft, compliant, and stabl ...
... Targeting stem cells to cartilage lesions has the potential to enhance engraftment and chondrogenesis. Denatured type II collagen fibrils (gelatin) are exposed in lesions at the surface of osteoarthritic articular cartilage and are therefore ideal target sites. We have designed and investigated chimeric mutants of the three modules of the MMP-2 collagen binding domain (CBD) as potential ligands fo ...
... Upconversion fluorescent nanoparticles are becoming more widely used as imaging contrast agents, owing to their high resolution and penetration depth, and avoidance of tissue auto-fluorescence and photodamage to cells. Here, we synthesized upconversion fluorescent crystals from rare-earth Yb³⁺ and Ho³⁺ co-doped fluorapatite (FA:Yb³⁺/Ho³⁺) suitable for long-term tracking and monitoring cartilage de ...
Heesun Hong; Ye Been Seo; Do Yeon Kim; Ji Seung Lee; Young Jin Lee; Hanna Lee; Olatunji Ajiteru; Md Tipu Sultan; Ok Joo Lee; Soon Hee Kim; Chan Hum Park
... Three-dimensional printing with Digital Lighting Processing (DLP) printer has come into the new wave in the tissue engineering for regenerative medicine. Especially for the clinical application, it needs to develop of bio-ink with biocompatibility, biodegradability and printability. Therefore, we demonstrated that Silk fibroin as a natural polymer fabricated with glycidyl-methacrylate (Silk-GMA) f ...
... High-density mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) aggregates can be guided to form bone-like tissue via endochondral ossification in vitro when culture media is supplemented with proteins, such as growth factors (GFs), to first guide the formation of a cartilage template, followed by culture with hypertrophic factors. Recent reports have recapitulated these results through the controlled spatiotemporal del ...
... Previous reports in the literature investigating chondrogenesis in mesenchymal progenitor cell (MPC) cultures have confirmed the chondro-inductive potential of pentosan polysulphate (PPS), a highly sulphated semi-synthetic polysaccharide, when added as a soluble component to culture media under standard aggregate-assay conditions or to poly(ethylene glycol)/hyaluronic acid (PEG/HA)-based hydrogels ...
... While cell condensation has been thought to enhance chondrogenesis, no direct evidence so far confirms that cell–cell contact itself increases chondrogenic differentiation of stem cells, since the change of cell–cell contact is usually coupled with those of other cell geometry cues and soluble factors in cell culture. The present study semi-quantitatively examined the effect of cell–cell contact i ...
biomechanics; bone formation; cartilage; chondrocytes; chondrogenesis; coculture; gene expression; genes; hypertrophy; modulus of elasticity; quantitative analysis; stem cells
Abstract:
... Co-culture of BMSCs and chondrocytes is considered as a promising strategy to generate tissue engineered cartilage as chondrocytes induce the chondrogenesis of BMSCs and inhibit the hypertrophy of engineered cartilage. Because the tissue specific stem/progenitor cells have been isolated from mature tissues including auricular cartilage, we hypothesized that adding stem cells to auricular chondrocy ...
... Physical topographic cues from various substrata have been shown to exert profound effects on the growth and differentiation of stem cells due to their niche-mimicking features. However, the biological function of different topographic materials utilized as bio-scaffolds in vivo have not been rigorously characterized. This study investigated the divergent differentiation pathways of mesenchymal st ...
... There is a critical need to engineer a neotrachea because currently there are no long-term treatments for tracheal stenoses affecting large portions of the airway. In this work, a modular tracheal tissue replacement strategy was developed. High-cell density, scaffold-free human mesenchymal stem cell-derived cartilaginous rings and tubes were successfully generated through employment of custom desi ...
... Cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions are important events in directing stem cell chondrogenesis, which can be promoted in matrix microenvironments presenting appropriate ligands. In this study, interfacial polyelectrolyte complexation (IPC) based hydrogels were employed, wherein the unique formation of submicron size fibers facilitated spatial orientation of ligands within such hydrogels. The in ...
... Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are being recognized as a viable cell source for cartilage repair and members of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) superfamily are a key mediator of MSC chondrogenesis. While TGF-β mediated MSC chondrogenesis is well established in in vitro pellet or hydrogel cultures, clinical translation will require effective delivery of TGF-βs in vivo. Here, we investiga ...
... In this work, articular chondrocytes (ACs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with 1:1 and 1:3 cell ratios were co-cultured in order to evaluate if a majority of primary ACs can be replaced with MSCs without detrimental effects on in vitro chondrogenesis. We further used a xenogeneic culture model to study if such co-cultures can result in redifferentiation of passaged ACs. Cells were cultured in p ...
... Transplantation of synovial fluid-derived mesenchymal stem cells (SF-MSCs) is a viable therapy for cartilage degeneration of osteoarthritis (OA). But controlling chondrogenic differentiation of the transplanted SF-MSCs in the joints remains a challenge. Kartogenin (KGN) is a small molecule that has been discovered to induce differentiation of SF-MSCs to chondrocytes both in vitro and in vivo. The ...
Carmine Onofrillo; Serena Duchi; Sam Francis; Cathal D. O'Connell; Lilith M. Caballero Aguilar; Stephanie Doyle; Zhilian Yue; Gordon G. Wallace; Peter F. Choong; Claudia Di Bella
biocompatible materials; cartilage; chemical bonding; chondrogenesis; ex vivo studies; extracellular matrix; fluorescence; fluorescent dyes; gelatin; humans; hydrogels
Abstract:
... Regenerative therapies based on photocrosslinkable hydrogels and stem cells are of growing interest in the field of cartilage repair. Cell-mediated degradation is critical for the successful clinical translation of implanted hydrogels. However, characterising cell-mediated degradation, while simultaneously monitoring the deposition of a distinct new matrix, remains a major challenge.In this study ...
... The native extracellular matrix of cartilage contains entrapped growth factors as well as tissue-specific epitopes for cell-matrix interactions, which make it a potentially attractive biomaterial for cartilage tissue engineering. A limitation to this approach is that the native cartilage extracellular matrix possesses a pore size of only a few nanometers, which inhibits cellular infiltration. Effo ...
... Electrospinning has recently gained much interest due to its ability to form scaffolds that mimic the nanofibrous nature of the extracellular matrix, such as the size and depth-dependent alignment of collagen fibers within hyaline cartilage. While much progress has been made in developing bulk, isotropic hydrogels for tissue engineering and understanding how the microenvironment of such scaffolds ...
... Traditional medication is not satisfied in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) therapy due to its long-term side effects and failure in cartilage repair. Nanomodification of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) holds promise for lifting such hurdles but delivering therapeutic nanomaterials (NPs) into MSCs remains challenging in this new strategy. Here, we show that CuS@MnO₂ NPs functionalized with a short phage-se ...
... The success of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) based articular cartilage tissue engineering is limited by the presence of fibrous tissue in generated cartilage, which is associated with the current scaffold strategy that promotes cellular adhesion and spreading. Here we design a non-fouling scaffold based on amide bonded poly(l-glutamic acid) (PLGA) and chitosan (CS) to drive adipose stem cells (ASC ...
... Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a linear polysaccharide of d-glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine that is native to many tissues and interacts with cells via cell-surface receptors (e.g., CD44). HA has been extensively explored as a chemically-modified macromer for crosslinking into biomaterials, such as hydrogels and macroporous scaffolds. However, the influence of the extent and type of HA modific ...
... Extracellular matrix (ECM) has drawn a broad attention for preparation of tissue engineering scaffolds and stem cell study. ECM scaffolds stepwise mimicking development of tissues can provide useful models to investigate the interactions between stem cells and ECM during the process of tissue development. In this study, 3D stepwise chondrogenesis-mimicking ECM scaffolds were prepared from mesenchy ...
... Hydrogels have been widely used as the carrier material of therapeutic cell and drugs for articular cartilage repair. We previously demonstrated a unique host-guest macromer (HGM) approach to prepare mechanically resilient, self-healing and injectable supramolecular gelatin hydrogels free of chemical crosslinking. In this work, we show that compared with conventional hydrogels our supramolecular g ...
... The purpose of this study was to investigate the chondrogenic features of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and examine the differences in the chondrogenesis between hiPSCs and human bone marrow-derived MSCs (hBMMSCs). Embryoid bodies (EBs) were formed from undifferentiated hiPSCs. After EBs were dissociated into single cells, chondrogenic culture was performed in pellets and alginate ...
adipogenesis; biocompatible materials; bone formation; bone marrow; cell senescence; chondrogenesis; humans; mesenchymal stromal cells; remission; therapeutics; tissue repair
Abstract:
... Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the capability to differentiate into multiple cell lineages, and produce trophic factors to facilitate tissue repair and regeneration, and disease regression. However, the heterogeneity of MSCs, whether inherent or developed during culture expansion, has a significant impact on their therapeutic efficacy. Therefore, the ability to identify and select an efficacio ...
Chaekyu Kim; Ok Hee Jeon; Do Hun Kim; J. Jeremy Chae; Lucas Shores; Nicholas Bernstein; Rahul Bhattacharya; Jeannine M. Coburn; Kevin J. Yarema; Jennifer H. Elisseeff
... Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease characterized by articular cartilage degradation. Because OA has a multifactorial nature and complex interrelationship of the individual elements of a whole joint, there is a need for comprehensive therapeutic approaches for cartilage tissue engineering, which simultaneously address multiple aspects of disease etiology. In this work, we investiga ...
... Cartilage cannot self-repair and thus regeneration is a promising approach to its repair. Here we developed new electrospun nanofibers, made of poly (ε-caprolactone)/polytetrahydrofuran (PCL-PTHF urethane) and collagen I from calf skin (termed PC), to trigger the chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and the cartilage regeneration in vivo. We found that the PC nanofibers ha ...
... Damaged cartilage has poor self-healing ability and usually progresses to scar or fibrocartilaginous tissue, and finally degenerates to osteoarthritis (OA). Here we demonstrated that one of alternative isoforms of IGF-1, mechano growth factor (MGF) acted synergistically with transforming growth factor β3 (TGF-β3) embedded in silk fibroin scaffolds to induce chemotactic homing and chondrogenic diff ...
... Mesenchymal cells condensation is crucial in chondrogenic development. However current tissue-engineered scaffolds for chondrogenesis pay little attention to this phenomenon. In this study, we fabricate poly(l-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA)/poly(l-lactide) (PLLA) microfiber scaffolds and coat them with human fibroblast-derived matrix (hFDM) that is a decellularized extracellular matrix (ECM) obtaine ...
... Microbial polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) including poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBHHx) were found to induce chondrogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and preserve chondrocytic phenotype as well as support chondrocytes-specific extracellular matrix (ECM) secretion. In this study, mouse MSCs cultured on the PHBHHx films for 24 h showed up-regulated expression of chondrogenic ma ...
... An injectable and biodegradable hydrogel system comprising hyaluronic acid-tyramine (HA-Tyr) conjugates can safely undergo covalent cross-linking in vivo by the addition of small amounts of peroxidase and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), with the independent tuning of the gelation rate and degree of cross-linking. Such hydrogel networks with tunable mechanical and degradation properties may provide the a ...
... Cartilage engineering is one of the most challenging issue in regenerative medicine, due to its limited self-ability to repair. Here, we assessed engineering of cartilage tissue starting from human bone marrow (hBM) stem cells under hypoxic environment and delineated the mechanism whereby chondrogenesis could be conducted without addition of exogenous growth factors. hBM stem cells were cultured i ...
... Wounded tissues and cells may be treated with growth factors and specific genes for the purpose of tissue repair and regeneration. To deliver specific genes into tissues and cells, this study presents the use of fabricated poly (dl-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) complexed with the cationic polymer poly (ethleneimine) (PEI). Through complexation with PEI, several types of genes ...
... In the present study, we aimed at evaluating the ability of novel PLGA-P188-PLGA-based microspheres to induce the differentiation of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) into chondrocytes. To this aim, we tested microspheres releasing TGFβ3 (PAM-T) in vitro and in situ, in a pathological osteoarthritic (OA) environment. We first evaluated the chondrogenic differentiation of human MSCs seeded onto ...