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You searched for: Journal Canadian journal of animal science Remove constraint Journal: Canadian journal of animal science Publication Year 2011 Remove constraint Publication Year: 2011 Text availability Citation in PubAg Remove constraint Text availability: Citation in PubAg
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1. Chemical composition of rumen microbial fraction and fermentation parameters as affected by tannins and saponins using an in vitro rumen fermentation system

Author:
Castro-Montoya, J.M.; Makkar, H.P.S.; Becker, K.
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2011 v.91 no.3 pp. 433-448
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
Castanea; animal production; crude protein; fermentation; gas production (biological); in vivo studies; nutrients; protein synthesis; purines; rumen; rumen fermentation; rumen microorganisms; saponins; short chain fatty acids; sugars; tannins
Abstract:
... Post-rumen chemical composition of the microbial fraction is one of the factors that determines the nutrients absorbed and available for maintenance and production of the animal. The hypothesis was that tannins and saponins alter chemical composition of rumen microbes and fermentation parameters in the rumen. Purified quebracho, mimosa, chestnut and sumach tannins; and quillaja and gypsophilla sap ...
DOI:
10.4141/cjas2010-028

2. Comparison of Angus cattle populations using gene variants and microsatellites

Author:
Carruthers, Chelsey R.; Plante, Yves; Schmutz, Sheila M.
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2011 v.91 no.1 pp. 81-85
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
Angus; beef; cattle; correlation; gene frequency; genes; microsatellite repeats; single nucleotide polymorphism
Abstract:
... Seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in six genes (LEP, IGF2, MC1R, PMCH, CAPN1, and CAST), which have been previously associated with traits of economic importance, were used to compare allele frequencies of two populations of Angus cattle: a Canadian population and an International population. The same populations were also genotyped at 22 microsatellite markers. A significantly higher fr ...

3. Comparison of expression levels of candidate genes in endometrium of dairy heifers and lactating dairy cows

Author:
Pretheeban, T.; Gordon, M.B.; Singh, R.; Rajamahendran, R.
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2011 v.91 no.2 pp. 255-264
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
dairy cows; dairy heifers; endometrium; estrus; genes; immunohistochemistry; lactation; messenger RNA; pregnancy outcome; pregnancy rate; protein synthesis; quantitative polymerase chain reaction; tumor necrosis factors
Abstract:
... Pregnancy rates (PR) in high-producing lactating dairy cows have declined drastically over the past several decades, but those of heifers have remained constant. Reduced PR could be due to multiple causes, and the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are still unclear. A compromised maternal uterine environment could be one of factors that could affect the PR. This study was performed to compa ...

4. Comparison of the fermentation characteristics, aerobic stability and nutritive value of barley and corn silages ensiled with or without a mixed bacterial inoculant

Author:
Addah, W.; Baah, J.; Groenewegen, P.; Okine, E.K.; McAllister, T.A.
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2011 v.91 no.1 pp. 133-146
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
Enterococcus faecium; Hordeum vulgare; Lactobacillus plantarum; Pediococcus acidilactici; Zea mays; average daily gain; barley; corn; corn silage; diet; feed conversion; fermentation; nutritive value; organic matter; pH; silage making; silos; steers
Abstract:
... Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and corn (Zea mays) silage are the most commonly used forages in feedlot diets in western Canada, and are often inoculated in an effort to improve their preservation and quality. However, the relative value of these two forages in feedlot diets or their responses to inoculation have not previously been compared. Whole-crop barley (B) and corn (C) forage were ensiled for ...

5. Dietary cholecalciferol lowers the maximal activity of intestinal mucosa phytase in ducklings fed low-phosphorus diets

Author:
Onyango, E.M.; Adeola, O.
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2011 v.91 no.3 pp. 399-404
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
Pekin; cages; calcium; cholecalciferol; digestibility; ducklings; experimental diets; feed conversion; feed intake; intestinal mucosa; mash; phosphorus; phytases; tibia; ultraviolet radiation; weight gain
Abstract:
... The role of cholecalciferol and phosphorus in the regulation of intestinal mucosa phytase was investigated in White Pekin ducklings. Ninety-six 7-d-old male ducklings were grouped by weight into six blocks of four cages with four ducklings per cage. The average weights of the individual birds in the six subgroups were: 282, 270, 263, 255, 247 and 236 g, respectively. Four corn-soybean meal-based m ...
DOI:
10.4141/cjas2010-033

6. Ecoregion and farm size differences in dairy feed and manure nitrogen management: A survey

Author:
Sheppard, S.C.; Bittman, S.; Swift, M.L.; Beaulieu, M.; Sheppard, M.I.
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2011 v.91 no.3 pp. 459-473
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
ammonia; barns; best management practices; cows; crude protein; dairy farm management; ecoregions; emissions; exercise; farm size; farmers; lactation; large farms; loose housing; lowlands; manure handling; manure spreading; nitrogen; pastures; slurries; surveys; tie stalls; Canada
Abstract:
... This paper describes the activity of dairy farmers in Canada in 2005 related to the use of nitrogen (N) and especially practices that led to loss of ammonia (NH3). The data were obtained from a large-scale, statistically structured survey conducted across Canada. The survey sampling was stratified into 10 Ecoregions and across farm size. Numbers of lactating cows per farm were nearly twofold more ...
DOI:
10.4141/cjas2010-004

7. Effect of backgrounding and transition diets on fecal concentration and strain types of commensal Escherichia coli in beef cattle

Author:
Su, R.; Munns, K.; Beauchemin, K.A.; Schwartzkopf-Genswein, K.; Jin-Quan, L.; Topp, E.; Sharma, R.
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2011 v.91 no.3 pp. 449-458
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
phase transition; heifers; diet; phenotype; feedlots; beef cattle; corn; wheat; corn silage; forage; pulsed-field gel electrophoresis; anti-infective agents; Escherichia coli
Abstract:
... The aim of the study was to assess the effect of four different backgrounding diets [55% corn silage in combination with 40% of either temper rolled barley-grain, wheat dried distillers' grain, corn dried distillers' grain or millrun (dry matter basis)] and a transition diet containing increasing amount of concentrate (60 to 90%) on fecal Escherichia coli in feedlot heifers. Heifers were fed backg ...
DOI:
10.4141/cjas2010-034

8. Effect of dried distillers' grain, soybean meal and grain or canola meal and grain-based supplements on forage intake and digestibility

Author:
Van de Kerckhove, A.Y.; Lardner, H.A.; Yu, P.; McKinnon, J.J.; Walburger, K.
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2011 v.91 no.1 pp. 123-132
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
acid detergent fiber; ammonium nitrogen; barley; barley straw; beef cattle; canola meal; crude protein; dietary supplements; digestibility; distillers grains; feed intake; hay; heifers; neutral detergent fiber; rumen; soybean meal
Abstract:
... Four ruminally cannulated beef heifers (72 wk of age) were individually fed a basal ration of 75% ground barley straw and 25% ground bromegrass hay [total digestible nutrients=46.3, crude protein (CP)=7.5 (% dry matter (DM))]. Heifers were supplemented with either (1) no supplement (CONT); (2) dried distillers' grains plus solubles [70:30 wheat:corn blend; dried distillers' grains plus solubles (D ...

9. Effect of feeding amount on the feeding and sorting behaviour of lactating dairy cattle

Author:
Greter, Angela; DeVries, Trevor J.
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2011 v.91 no.1 pp. 47-54
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
correlation; dairy consumption; dairy cows; dry matter intake; feeding level; lactation; nutrient intake; particle size
Abstract:
... The objectives of this study were: (1) to determine how feeding amount affects feeding and sorting behaviour of dairy cows, and (2) to examine the relationship between these behaviours. Six lactating dairy cows were assigned to one of two treatments in a crossover design with 7-d periods: (1) lower feeding amount (target 5% orts), and (2) higher feeding level (target 15% orts). Cows were fed twice ...

10. Effect of intended purpose (dairy/beef production) on beef quality

Author:
Lizaso, G.; Beriain, M.J.; Horcada, A.; Chasco, J.; Purroy, A.
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2011 v.91 no.1 pp. 97-102
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
Holstein; beef; beef quality; carcass weight; collagen; dairy heifers; juiciness; lipid content; longissimus muscle; meat tenderness; sensory evaluation; water holding capacity
Abstract:
... Fifteen Pirenaica (beef) heifers and fifteen Holstein-Friesian (dairy) heifers were compared to consider the effect of intended purpose of the breed on meat quality. Animals were slaughtered at around 12.4 mo of age. Carcass weight was 247.6 kg for Pirenaica and 229.2 kg for Holstein-Friesian heifers. pH24hours, moisture, fat, protein, ash, water holding capacity, CIE L*a*b* and C* and H* values, ...

11. Effect of supplementing the diet of lactating sows with NuPro on sow lactation performance and piglet growth

Author:
Plante, P.A.; Laforest, J.P.; Farmer, C.
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2011 v.91 no.2 pp. 295-300
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
analysis of variance; animal performance; blood; diet; feed intake; lactation; litter size; milk; milk composition; nucleotides; piglets; proteins; sows; urea; weight loss
Abstract:
... The impact of supplementing the diet of lactating sows with NuPro (a source of yeast-derived proteins) on their performance and that of their piglets was studied. Treatments were: control (CTL, n=22), 30 g of NuPro per day (NuPro30, n=22), and 60 g of NuPro per day (NuPro60, n=21). The NuPro was mixed daily with 500 g of feed and provided over a 21-d lactation. Jugular blood samples were obtained ...

12. Effects of an early lipopolysaccharide challenge on growth and small intestinal structure and function of broiler chickens

Author:
Hu, Xiao F.; Guo, Yu M.; Li, Jian H.; Yan, Gui L.; Bun, Sideoun; Huang, Bei Y.
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2011 v.91 no.3 pp. 379-384
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
broiler chickens; feed conversion; feed intake; food intake; gene expression; lipopolysaccharides; messenger RNA; peristalsis; small intestine; villi; weight gain
Abstract:
... Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of early exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on small intestinal structure and function of broiler chickens. Seven-day-old birds were randomly allotted to two equal treatments: an LPS-injected treatment in which the birds were injected intraperitoneally with LPS 500 µg kg−1 body weight (dissolved in 1 mL saline) on 8, 10, 12, 15, 17, and 19 d ...
DOI:
10.4141/cjas2011-008

13. Effects of grain-pellet and alfalfa-pellet subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) challenges on feeding behaviour of lactating dairy cows

Author:
Li, S.; Khafipour, E.; Krause, D.O.; Gonzalez, L.A.; Plaizier, J.C.
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2011 v.91 no.2 pp. 323-330
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
alfalfa; alfalfa hay; barley; cannulas; dairy cows; diet; dry matter intake; feeding behavior; ingestion; lactation; mangers; pH; pellets; rumen; ruminal acidosis; silage
Abstract:
... The effects of two nutritional challenges aimed at inducing subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) on the feeding behaviour of lactating dairy cows were investigated in two separate experiments. Both experiments included eight tie-stall-housed cows that were fed once daily. Feeding behaviour of individual cows was monitored by continuously weighing the feed in the mangers. In each experiment, ruminal pH ...

14. Effects of short-term oilseed supplementation on reproductive performance in beef heifers

Author:
Scholljegerdes, E.J.; Lekatz, L.A.; Vonnahme, K.A.
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2011 v.91 no.2 pp. 221-229
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
artificial insemination; beef cattle; conception; controlled internal drug release devices; fatty acid composition; gonadotropin-releasing hormone; grass hay; heifers; linoleic acid; linolenic acid; nutritional intervention; oilseeds; pregnancy rate; reproductive performance
Abstract:
... The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the role of a short-term increase in linolenic acid around the timed artificial insemination (TAI) on plasma fatty acid concentrations, estrous behavior, and pregnancy. Therefore, 96 cross-bred heifers (Initial BW=394±18.1 kg) fed chopped grass hay were allotted to one of three dietary treatments: no supplement (CON); 1.8 kg head−1 d−1 (DM basis) of ...

15. Enrichment with n-3 fatty acid by tuna oil feeding of pigs: changes in composition and properties of bacon and different sausages as affected by the supplementation period

Author:
Khiaosa-ard, R.; Chungsiriwat, P.; Chommanart, N.; Kreuzer, M.; Jaturasitha, S.
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2011 v.91 no.1 pp. 87-95
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
acid value; backfat; bacon; body weight; finishing; omega-3 fatty acids; rancidity; sausages; storage time; swine; thiobarbituric acid; tuna oil
Abstract:
... Belly, lean from the shoulder and backfat obtained from 80 pigs, fed either no or 1.6 kg tuna oil during fattening (35–90 kg body weight), were used to prepare bacon, Chinese-style sausage and Vienna-style sausage. The tuna oil had been supplemented either initially, at the end, or continuously during fattening. In all meat products, tuna oil supplementation clearly increased contents of n-3 fatty ...

16. Estimation of enteric methane emissions trends (1990–2008) from Manitoba beef cattle using empirical and mechanistic models

Author:
Alemu, Aklilu W.; Ominski, K.H.; Kebreab, E
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2011 v.91 no.2 pp. 305-321
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
animal performance; beef cattle; carbon dioxide; climate change; emissions; energy intake; feed composition; gender; inventories; mechanistic models; methane; methane production; physiological state; Manitoba
Abstract:
... The objective of this study was to estimate and assess trends in enteric methane (CH4) emissions from the Manitoba beef cattle population from the base year of 1990 to 2008 using mathematical models. Two empirical (statistical) models: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Tier 2 and a nonlinear equation (Ellis), and two dynamic mechanistic models: MOLLY (v3) and COWPOLL were used. Beef ...

17. Geographic determinants of copper and molybdenum concentrations in serum at the end of the grazing season and associations with reproductive performance in beef cows from western Canada

Author:
Van De Weyer, Leanne M.; Waldner, Cheryl L.
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2011 v.91 no.3 pp. 423-431
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
beef cows; copper; ecoregions; grazing; growing season; herds; molybdenum; reproductive performance; risk; soil color; soil types; summer; Canada
Abstract:
... Serum concentrations of Cu and Mo were measured at the end of the summer grazing season in an observational field study of 783 breeding females from 66 cow-calf herds located in western Canada. The mean Cu concentration was 0.82 ppm (S, 0.30 ppm) and the mean Mo concentration was 0.056 ppm (S, 0.055 ppm). Serum Cu concentration differed across ecoregions (P=0.013). Serum Mo concentrations varied b ...
DOI:
10.4141/cjas2010-049

18. GnRH agonist (buserelin)-induced in vitro apoptosis in bovine endometrium

Author:
Singh, Ravinder; Pretheeban, Thavaneetharajah; Rajamahendran, Rajadurai
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2011 v.91 no.2 pp. 265-273
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
agonists; apoptosis; cattle; endometrium; epithelial cells; gene expression regulation; gonadotropin-releasing hormone; homeostasis; messenger RNA; reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; slaughterhouses
Abstract:
... Apoptosis is a vital physiological process. The local modulatory role of the GnRH, GnRH-R system in uterine physiology is not clear. We investigated GnRH agonist (buserelin)-induced apoptosis in bovine endometrium. Reproductive tracts were collected from a local abattoir. The endometrial explants were sliced into smaller pieces, cultured for 20 h and then treated (6 h) with buserelin (0, 200, 500, ...

19. Melanocortin 4 receptor polymorphism is associated with carcass fat in beef cattle

Author:
McLean, Kim L.; Schmutz, Sheila M.
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2011 v.91 no.1 pp. 75-79
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone; backfat; beef cattle; energy intake; feed intake; gene frequency; heterozygosity; lean meat; longissimus muscle; steers; swine
Abstract:
... Melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) binds α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) reducing feed and energy intake in several species of animals. One variant in swine has been reported to increase daily gain, backfat deposition and feed intake. MC4R sequence was obtained from 20 random crossbred steers where a novel Ser330Asn polymorphism was detected. Three hundred and eighty-two crossbred Canadian st ...

20. Morning vs. evening feed delivery for lactating dairy cows

Author:
Nikkhah, A.; Furedi, C.J.; Kennedy, A.D.; Scott, S.L.; Wittenberg, K.M.; Crow, G.H.; Plaizier, J.C.
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2011 v.91 no.1 pp. 113-122
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
3-hydroxybutyric acid; Holstein; acetates; blood; blood glucose; dairy cows; digestibility; diurnal variation; dry matter intake; glucose; lactation; metabolites; milk fat; neutral detergent fiber; nitrogen; pH; rumen; rumen fermentation; urea; volatile fatty acids
Abstract:
... A study was conducted to investigate the effects of changing feed delivery time from morning (0900) to evening (2100) on feed intake, diurnal feed intake patterns, digestion, rumen fermentation, milk production and composition, as well as on several blood metabolites. Eight (four ruminally cannulated) lactating Holstein cows, consisting of four primiparous and four multiparous cows, were used in t ...