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You searched for: Journal Canadian journal of animal science Remove constraint Journal: Canadian journal of animal science Publication Year 2011 Remove constraint Publication Year: 2011
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1. Comparison of Angus cattle populations using gene variants and microsatellites

Author:
Carruthers, Chelsey R.; Plante, Yves; Schmutz, Sheila M.
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2011 v.91 no.1 pp. 81-85
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
Angus; beef; cattle; correlation; gene frequency; genes; microsatellite repeats; single nucleotide polymorphism
Abstract:
... Seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in six genes (LEP, IGF2, MC1R, PMCH, CAPN1, and CAST), which have been previously associated with traits of economic importance, were used to compare allele frequencies of two populations of Angus cattle: a Canadian population and an International population. The same populations were also genotyped at 22 microsatellite markers. A significantly higher fr ...

2. Comparison of expression levels of candidate genes in endometrium of dairy heifers and lactating dairy cows

Author:
Pretheeban, T.; Gordon, M.B.; Singh, R.; Rajamahendran, R.
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2011 v.91 no.2 pp. 255-264
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
dairy cows; dairy heifers; endometrium; estrus; genes; immunohistochemistry; lactation; messenger RNA; pregnancy outcome; pregnancy rate; protein synthesis; quantitative polymerase chain reaction; tumor necrosis factors
Abstract:
... Pregnancy rates (PR) in high-producing lactating dairy cows have declined drastically over the past several decades, but those of heifers have remained constant. Reduced PR could be due to multiple causes, and the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are still unclear. A compromised maternal uterine environment could be one of factors that could affect the PR. This study was performed to compa ...

3. Dietary cholecalciferol lowers the maximal activity of intestinal mucosa phytase in ducklings fed low-phosphorus diets

Author:
Onyango, E.M.; Adeola, O.
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2011 v.91 no.3 pp. 399-404
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
Pekin; cages; calcium; cholecalciferol; digestibility; ducklings; experimental diets; feed conversion; feed intake; intestinal mucosa; mash; phosphorus; phytases; tibia; ultraviolet radiation; weight gain
Abstract:
... The role of cholecalciferol and phosphorus in the regulation of intestinal mucosa phytase was investigated in White Pekin ducklings. Ninety-six 7-d-old male ducklings were grouped by weight into six blocks of four cages with four ducklings per cage. The average weights of the individual birds in the six subgroups were: 282, 270, 263, 255, 247 and 236 g, respectively. Four corn-soybean meal-based m ...
DOI:
10.4141/cjas2010-033

4. Effect of dried distillers' grain, soybean meal and grain or canola meal and grain-based supplements on forage intake and digestibility

Author:
Van de Kerckhove, A.Y.; Lardner, H.A.; Yu, P.; McKinnon, J.J.; Walburger, K.
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2011 v.91 no.1 pp. 123-132
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
acid detergent fiber; ammonium nitrogen; barley; barley straw; beef cattle; canola meal; crude protein; dietary supplements; digestibility; distillers grains; feed intake; hay; heifers; neutral detergent fiber; rumen; soybean meal
Abstract:
... Four ruminally cannulated beef heifers (72 wk of age) were individually fed a basal ration of 75% ground barley straw and 25% ground bromegrass hay [total digestible nutrients=46.3, crude protein (CP)=7.5 (% dry matter (DM))]. Heifers were supplemented with either (1) no supplement (CONT); (2) dried distillers' grains plus solubles [70:30 wheat:corn blend; dried distillers' grains plus solubles (D ...

5. Effect of feeding amount on the feeding and sorting behaviour of lactating dairy cattle

Author:
Greter, Angela; DeVries, Trevor J.
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2011 v.91 no.1 pp. 47-54
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
correlation; dairy consumption; dairy cows; dry matter intake; feeding level; lactation; nutrient intake; particle size
Abstract:
... The objectives of this study were: (1) to determine how feeding amount affects feeding and sorting behaviour of dairy cows, and (2) to examine the relationship between these behaviours. Six lactating dairy cows were assigned to one of two treatments in a crossover design with 7-d periods: (1) lower feeding amount (target 5% orts), and (2) higher feeding level (target 15% orts). Cows were fed twice ...

6. Effect of intended purpose (dairy/beef production) on beef quality

Author:
Lizaso, G.; Beriain, M.J.; Horcada, A.; Chasco, J.; Purroy, A.
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2011 v.91 no.1 pp. 97-102
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
Holstein; beef; beef quality; carcass weight; collagen; dairy heifers; juiciness; lipid content; longissimus muscle; meat tenderness; sensory evaluation; water holding capacity
Abstract:
... Fifteen Pirenaica (beef) heifers and fifteen Holstein-Friesian (dairy) heifers were compared to consider the effect of intended purpose of the breed on meat quality. Animals were slaughtered at around 12.4 mo of age. Carcass weight was 247.6 kg for Pirenaica and 229.2 kg for Holstein-Friesian heifers. pH24hours, moisture, fat, protein, ash, water holding capacity, CIE L*a*b* and C* and H* values, ...

7. Effect of supplementing the diet of lactating sows with NuPro on sow lactation performance and piglet growth

Author:
Plante, P.A.; Laforest, J.P.; Farmer, C.
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2011 v.91 no.2 pp. 295-300
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
analysis of variance; animal performance; blood; diet; feed intake; lactation; litter size; milk; milk composition; nucleotides; piglets; proteins; sows; urea; weight loss
Abstract:
... The impact of supplementing the diet of lactating sows with NuPro (a source of yeast-derived proteins) on their performance and that of their piglets was studied. Treatments were: control (CTL, n=22), 30 g of NuPro per day (NuPro30, n=22), and 60 g of NuPro per day (NuPro60, n=21). The NuPro was mixed daily with 500 g of feed and provided over a 21-d lactation. Jugular blood samples were obtained ...

8. Effects of grain-pellet and alfalfa-pellet subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) challenges on feeding behaviour of lactating dairy cows

Author:
Li, S.; Khafipour, E.; Krause, D.O.; Gonzalez, L.A.; Plaizier, J.C.
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2011 v.91 no.2 pp. 323-330
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
alfalfa; alfalfa hay; barley; cannulas; dairy cows; diet; dry matter intake; feeding behavior; ingestion; lactation; mangers; pH; pellets; rumen; ruminal acidosis; silage
Abstract:
... The effects of two nutritional challenges aimed at inducing subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) on the feeding behaviour of lactating dairy cows were investigated in two separate experiments. Both experiments included eight tie-stall-housed cows that were fed once daily. Feeding behaviour of individual cows was monitored by continuously weighing the feed in the mangers. In each experiment, ruminal pH ...

9. Effects of short-term oilseed supplementation on reproductive performance in beef heifers

Author:
Scholljegerdes, E.J.; Lekatz, L.A.; Vonnahme, K.A.
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2011 v.91 no.2 pp. 221-229
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
artificial insemination; beef cattle; conception; controlled internal drug release devices; fatty acid composition; gonadotropin-releasing hormone; grass hay; heifers; linoleic acid; linolenic acid; nutritional intervention; oilseeds; pregnancy rate; reproductive performance
Abstract:
... The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the role of a short-term increase in linolenic acid around the timed artificial insemination (TAI) on plasma fatty acid concentrations, estrous behavior, and pregnancy. Therefore, 96 cross-bred heifers (Initial BW=394±18.1 kg) fed chopped grass hay were allotted to one of three dietary treatments: no supplement (CON); 1.8 kg head−1 d−1 (DM basis) of ...

10. Enrichment with n-3 fatty acid by tuna oil feeding of pigs: changes in composition and properties of bacon and different sausages as affected by the supplementation period

Author:
Khiaosa-ard, R.; Chungsiriwat, P.; Chommanart, N.; Kreuzer, M.; Jaturasitha, S.
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2011 v.91 no.1 pp. 87-95
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
acid value; backfat; bacon; body weight; finishing; omega-3 fatty acids; rancidity; sausages; storage time; swine; thiobarbituric acid; tuna oil
Abstract:
... Belly, lean from the shoulder and backfat obtained from 80 pigs, fed either no or 1.6 kg tuna oil during fattening (35–90 kg body weight), were used to prepare bacon, Chinese-style sausage and Vienna-style sausage. The tuna oil had been supplemented either initially, at the end, or continuously during fattening. In all meat products, tuna oil supplementation clearly increased contents of n-3 fatty ...

11. Estimation of enteric methane emissions trends (1990–2008) from Manitoba beef cattle using empirical and mechanistic models

Author:
Alemu, Aklilu W.; Ominski, K.H.; Kebreab, E
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2011 v.91 no.2 pp. 305-321
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
animal performance; beef cattle; carbon dioxide; climate change; emissions; energy intake; feed composition; gender; inventories; mechanistic models; methane; methane production; physiological state; Manitoba
Abstract:
... The objective of this study was to estimate and assess trends in enteric methane (CH4) emissions from the Manitoba beef cattle population from the base year of 1990 to 2008 using mathematical models. Two empirical (statistical) models: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Tier 2 and a nonlinear equation (Ellis), and two dynamic mechanistic models: MOLLY (v3) and COWPOLL were used. Beef ...

12. Geographic determinants of copper and molybdenum concentrations in serum at the end of the grazing season and associations with reproductive performance in beef cows from western Canada

Author:
Van De Weyer, Leanne M.; Waldner, Cheryl L.
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2011 v.91 no.3 pp. 423-431
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
beef cows; copper; ecoregions; grazing; growing season; herds; molybdenum; reproductive performance; risk; soil color; soil types; summer; Canada
Abstract:
... Serum concentrations of Cu and Mo were measured at the end of the summer grazing season in an observational field study of 783 breeding females from 66 cow-calf herds located in western Canada. The mean Cu concentration was 0.82 ppm (S, 0.30 ppm) and the mean Mo concentration was 0.056 ppm (S, 0.055 ppm). Serum Cu concentration differed across ecoregions (P=0.013). Serum Mo concentrations varied b ...
DOI:
10.4141/cjas2010-049

13. GnRH agonist (buserelin)-induced in vitro apoptosis in bovine endometrium

Author:
Singh, Ravinder; Pretheeban, Thavaneetharajah; Rajamahendran, Rajadurai
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2011 v.91 no.2 pp. 265-273
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
agonists; apoptosis; cattle; endometrium; epithelial cells; gene expression regulation; gonadotropin-releasing hormone; homeostasis; messenger RNA; reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; slaughterhouses
Abstract:
... Apoptosis is a vital physiological process. The local modulatory role of the GnRH, GnRH-R system in uterine physiology is not clear. We investigated GnRH agonist (buserelin)-induced apoptosis in bovine endometrium. Reproductive tracts were collected from a local abattoir. The endometrial explants were sliced into smaller pieces, cultured for 20 h and then treated (6 h) with buserelin (0, 200, 500, ...

14. Melanocortin 4 receptor polymorphism is associated with carcass fat in beef cattle

Author:
McLean, Kim L.; Schmutz, Sheila M.
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2011 v.91 no.1 pp. 75-79
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone; backfat; beef cattle; energy intake; feed intake; gene frequency; heterozygosity; lean meat; longissimus muscle; steers; swine
Abstract:
... Melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) binds α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) reducing feed and energy intake in several species of animals. One variant in swine has been reported to increase daily gain, backfat deposition and feed intake. MC4R sequence was obtained from 20 random crossbred steers where a novel Ser330Asn polymorphism was detected. Three hundred and eighty-two crossbred Canadian st ...

15. Optimizing a beef production system using specialized sire and dam lines

Author:
Tang, G.; Stewart-Smith J.; Plastow, G.; Moore, S.; Basarab, J.; MacNeil, M.D.; Wang, Z.
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2011 v.91 no.3 pp. 353-361
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
beef; beef cattle; cattle breeds; computers; consumers (people); cow-calf operations; cows; crossing; databases; environment; heifers; heterosis; production technology; profitability; profits and margins; sires; system optimization; yearlings; Canada; Montana
Abstract:
... Crossbreeding is an effective method for improving the efficiency of production in commercial cow-calf operations. It exploits available heterosis (hybrid vigour) and complementarity between different breeds or populations (lines). Before adopting a crossbreeding system, commercial cattle producers should evaluate available genetic resources and feasible crossbreeding systems, and choose one that ...
Handle:
10113/53749
DOI:
10.4141/cjas10073

16. Outdoor yards for sheep during winter – Effects of feed location, roof and weather factors on resting and activity

Author:
Jørgensen, Grete Helen Meisfjord; Boe, Knut Egil
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2011 v.91 no.2 pp. 213-220
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
ewes; weather; winter
Abstract:
... The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effect of roof cover and location of feed on sheep's use of an outdoor yard under different weather conditions. A 2×2 factorial experiment was conducted with roof covering of outdoor yard (yes or no) and location of feed (indoors or outdoors) in four different pens, each with one of four possible combinations of these factors. Twenty adult ewes of ...

17. Persistency of milk trans-18:1 isomers and rumenic acid in Holstein cows over a full lactation

Author:
Mohammed, Riazuddin; Khorasani, Reza G.; Goonewardene, Laksiri A.; Kramer, John K.G.; Kennelly, John J.
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2011 v.91 no.1 pp. 147-167
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
Holstein; alfalfa hay; barley; calving; conjugated linoleic acid; cows; dry matter intake; early lactation; esters; experimental diets; fish oils; isomers; late lactation; lipid content; milk; milk fat; milk yield; polyunsaturated fatty acids; regression analysis; starch; sunflower seed; vaccenic acid
Abstract:
... A long-term lactation study was undertaken to determine whether the previously reported short-term persistency in vaccenic acid [VA; trans(t)11-18:1] and rumenic acid (RA) could be maintained. To test this hypothesis, 24 Holstein cows were allotted to two experimental diets (control and test) from 2 wk before calving until they were 270 d in milk (DIM). The test diet was similar to the control die ...

18. Response to selection and genotype–environment interaction in mink (Neovison vison) selected on ad libitum and restricted feeding

Author:
Nielsen, Vivi Hunnicke; Møller, Steen Henrik; Hansen, Bente Krogh; Berg, Peer
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2011 v.91 no.2 pp. 231-237
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
Neovison vison; ad libitum feeding; appetite; breeding; breeding value; feed conversion; females; litter size; males; mink; restricted feeding; selection response
Abstract:
... Mink were selected for high November weight (AL line) and low feed conversion ratio (FC line) on ad libitum feeding and for high November weight on restricted feeding (RF line). After three generations of selection, the average estimated breeding value for November weight was 533, 326, and 150 g in males and 168, 82, and −85 g in females in the AL, RF, and FC lines. The breeding value for feed con ...

19. Review: Ammonia emissions from dairy farms and beef feedlots

Author:
Hristov, A.N.; Hanigan, M.; Cole, A.; Todd, R.; McAllister, T.A.; Ndegwa, P.M.; Rotz, A.
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2011 v.91 no.1 pp. 1-35
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
ammonia; gas emissions; dairy farming; animal feeding operations; gas production (biological); cattle manure; volatilization; pollution control; simulation models
Abstract:
... Ammonia emitted from animal feeding operations is an environmental and human health hazard, contributing to eutrophication of surface waters and nitrate contamination of ground waters, soil acidity, and fine particulate matter formation. It may also contribute to global warming through nitrous oxide formation. Along with these societal concerns, ammonia emission is a net loss of manure fertilizer ...
Handle:
10113/48762
DOI:
10.4141/CJAS10034

20. Review: Effects of feeding sugars on productivity of lactating dairy cows

Author:
Oba, Masahito
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2011 v.91 no.1 pp. 37-46
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
butyrates; dairy cows; dairy protein; dry matter accumulation; dry matter intake; energy; energy density; fermentation; hydrolysis; lactation; milk fat yield; nutritive value; pH; renewable energy sources; risk; rumen; rumen fermentation; ruminal acidosis; starch; sugars
Abstract:
... Sugars are water-soluble carbohydrates that are readily available in the rumen. Although sugars ferment faster than starch or fibre in the rumen, the rates of disaccharide hydrolysis and monosaccharide fermentation vary greatly depending on the type of sugar and rumen environment. Despite rapid fermentation in the rumen and their potential to provide greater fermentable energy to enhance microbial ...