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1. Are muscle fiber types different between normal and dark-cutting beef?

Author:
Bimol C. Roy; Shahid Mahmood; Heather L. Bruce
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2022 v.102 no.2 pp. 274-288
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
beef; beef quality; heifers; longissimus muscle; muscle fibers; pH; steers; Canada
Abstract:
... Muscle fiber (MF) characteristics of longissimus thoracis (LT) muscles from heifer (n = 11) and steer (n = 12) carcasses graded Canada AA (AA, normal, n = 4 per sex) or dark-cutting (Canada B4) were examined and related to beef quality. Atypical (AB4, pH < 5.9, n = 4 per sex) and typical (TB4, pH > 5.9, n = 3 and 4 for heifers and steers, respectively) dark-cutting carcasses were represented. Musc ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjas-2021-0085

2. Atmospheric ammonia causes histopathological lesions, cell cycle blockage, and apoptosis of spleen in chickens

Author:
Lin Chen; Tong Cai; Cuiyan Zhao; Shiping Bai; Gang Shu; Changlin Wen; Qinkun Xu; Xi Peng
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2022 v.102 no.3 pp. 448-456
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
ammonia; animal science; antigens; apoptosis; caspase-3; cell cycle checkpoints; cyclins; genes; histology; histopathology; mitochondria; oxidative stress; protein synthesis; spleen
Abstract:
... This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of atmospheric ammonia (NH₃) on histological changes, cell cycle distribution, and apoptosis of the spleen in chickens. Two hundred forty chickens were randomly allocated to the control group (without NH₃ challenge) and NH₃ group (70 ± 5 ppm NH₃). The experiment lasted for 8 days. The results showed that NH₃ exposure caused decreased relative ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjas-2021-0084

3. Can phytogenic additives improve the performance of broilers and replace growth-promoting antibiotics? A meta-analytic approach

Author:
Gustavo do Valle Polycarpo; Gabrieli Andressa de Lima; Thaís de Souza Ávida; Fábio Sampaio Rosas; Valquíria Cação Cruz-Polycarpo; Jaqueline Dalbello Biller; Bárbara Fernanda da Silva Barbosa; Maria Fernanda de Castro Burbarelli
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2022 v.102 no.2 pp. 289-300
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
average daily gain; broiler chickens; feed conversion; feed intake; meta-analysis; poultry production
Abstract:
... Phytogenic additives have been studied intensively in broiler chicken production to substitute growth-promoting antibiotics. However, the comprehensive literature on this topic makes it difficult to understand overall results because there are a noticeable number of studies with conflicting conclusions. While several research studies have shown that phytogenic additives may increment broiler chick ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjas-2021-0058

4. Comparative analysis of antimicrobial resistance and genetic characteristics of Escherichia coli from broiler breeder farms in Korea

Author:
Shin-Woo Kim; Koeun Kim; Young Ju Lee
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2022 v.102 no.2 pp. 342-351
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
Escherichia coli; acid tolerance; ampicillin; antibiotic resistance; broiler breeders; cephalothin; chloramphenicol; genes; nalidixic acid; phenotype; tetracycline; virulence; Korean Peninsula
Abstract:
... Broiler breeder farms could be a reservoir of Escherichia coli, disseminating antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors. We investigated the antimicrobial resistance of E. coli from nine broiler breeder farms and characterised their resistance and virulence genes. A total of 256 E. coli showed a high level of resistance to tetracycline, nalidixic acid, ampicillin, and cephalothin, followed by ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjas-2021-0090

5. Comparative digestibility of energy, dry matter, and nutrients by gestating and lactating sows fed corn–soybean meal diets without or with full-fat or defatted rice bran

Author:
Gloria A. Casas; Maryane S.F. Oliveira; Charmaine D. Espinosa; H.H. Stein
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2022 v.102 no.2 pp. 401-405
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
diet; digestibility; energy; lactation; neutral detergent fiber; organic matter; phosphorus; pregnancy; rice bran
Abstract:
... Twenty-four gestating sows and 24 lactating sows were randomly allotted to three diets with eight replicate sows per treatment in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement. Different sows were used in gestation and lactation periods. The hypothesis was that digestibility of gross energy (GE), dry matter (DM), and nutrients in lactating sows is not different from that in gestating sows. A corn–soybean-meal die ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjas-2021-0086

6. Conformation traits of Holstein cows and their association with a Canadian economic selection index

Author:
Lucas M. Alcantara; Christine F. Baes; Gerson A. de Oliveira Junior; Flavio S. Schenkel
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2022 v.102 no.3 pp. 490-500
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
Holstein; animal science; cows; dairy industry; economic valuation; principal component analysis; regression analysis; selection index; variance; Canada
Abstract:
... Pro$ is a Canadian economic selection index aimed to maximize profit by increasing production yields, while maintaining conformation and functional traits. Currently, there is an interest in understanding the individual contributions of conformation traits recorded in Canada to the overall economic value of a cow and whether they are equally important. We used multiple polynomial regression and pr ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjas-2022-0013

7. Effect of hydrogenated fat-embedded calcium gluconate on lactation performance in dairy cows

Author:
D.J. Seymour; L.L. McKnight; M. Carson; M.V. Sanz-Fernandez; J.B. Daniel; J.A. Metcalf; J. Martín-Tereso; J. Doelman
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2022 v.102 no.3 pp. 518-527
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
Holstein; active ingredients; calcium gluconate; dairy cattle; dry matter intake; hindgut; lactation; mechanism of action; milk; milk fat; milk protein yield; prebiotics
Abstract:
... Hydrogenated fat-embedded calcium gluconate (HFCG), a prebiotic mixture designed to target the hindgut, has improved milk and component yields when supplemented in mid-lactation cows, likely due to improved hindgut health. The objective of this study was to evaluate production responses to HFCG when fed to dairy cattle over a full lactation. Seventy-four Holstein cows (21 primiparous, 53 multiparo ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjas-2021-0124

8. Effect of sod-seeding bloat-free legumes on pasture productivity, steer performance, and production economics

Author:
B.M. Kelln; G.B. Penner; S.N. Acharya; T.A. McAllister; K. Larson; J.J. McKinnon; B. Biligetu; H.A. Lardner
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2022 v.102 no.2 pp. 352-367
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
Astragalus cicer; Onobrychis viciifolia; average daily gain; dry matter accumulation; dry matter intake; forage yield; grasses; legumes; pastures; steers
Abstract:
... A 5 yr experiment evaluated the effects of sod-seeding sainfoin and cicer milkvetch into monoculture grass (Lanigan, SK) or legume (Lethbridge, AB) stands on pasture productivity, steer performance, and economics. At Lanigan, sainfoin decreased (treatment × year P = 0.01) from 13% in year 1 to 2% in year 2 (% plant population) and did not differ thereafter, whereas cicer milkvetch maintained a pro ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjas-2021-0098

9. Effects of biochar source, level of inclusion, and particle size on in vitro dry matter disappearance, total gas, and methane production and ruminal fermentation parameters in a barley silage-based diet

Author:
Paul Tamayao; Gabriel O. Ribeiro; Tim A. McAllister; Kim H. Ominski; Erasmus K. Okine; Emma J. McGeough
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2022 v.102 no.1 pp. 133-144
ISSN:
1918-1825
Subject:
animal science; barley; biochar; coconuts; diet; methane; methane production; particle size; rumen fermentation
Abstract:
... This study evaluated the effects of biochar differing in source, inclusion level, and particle size on dry matter disappearance (DMD), total gas and methane (CH₄) production, and ruminal fermentation in a barley silage-based diet. The seven biochar products used were coconut (CP001 and CP014) or pine (CP002, CP015, CP016, CP023, CP024)-based. Experiment 1 (Exp. 1) evaluated these biochars at 4.5%, ...
DOI:
10.1139/CJAS-2021-0007

10. Effects of biochar source, level of inclusion, and particle size on in vitro dry matter disappearance, total gas, and methane production and ruminal fermentation parameters in a barley silage-based diet

Author:
Paul Tamayao; Gabriel O. Ribeiro; Tim A. McAllister; Kim H. Ominski; Erasmus K. Okine; Emma J. McGeough
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2022 v.102 no.1 pp. 133-144
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
animal science; barley; biochar; coconuts; diet; methane; methane production; particle size; rumen fermentation
Abstract:
... This study evaluated the effects of biochar differing in source, inclusion level, and particle size on dry matter disappearance (DMD), total gas and methane (CH₄) production, and ruminal fermentation in a barley silage-based diet. The seven biochar products used were coconut (CP001 and CP014) or pine (CP002, CP015, CP016, CP023, CP024)-based. Experiment 1 (Exp. 1) evaluated these biochars at 4.5%, ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjas-2021-0007

11. Effects of dietary emulsifier and lipid source on broiler meat quality, lipids, and serum antioxidant status

Author:
Karine Isabela Tenório; Cinthia Eyng; Ricardo Vianna Nunes; Jomara Broch; Nilton Rohloff; Cleison de Souza; Vaneila Daniele Lenhardt Savaris; Clauber Polese
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2022 v.102 no.3 pp. 480-489
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
abdominal fat; antioxidants; blood lipids; blood serum; carcass yield; chicken meat; chickens; emulsifiers; lipid composition; low density lipoprotein; meat quality; metabolizable energy; pH; soybean oil; superoxide dismutase; triacylglycerols; water holding capacity
Abstract:
... This study aimed to evaluate the effects of diets containing acid soybean oil (ASO) as a substitute for degummed soybean oil (DSO), with or without an emulsifier, on the serum lipid composition, antioxidant protection, carcass yield, and meat quality of broilers. Seven hundred and four 1-day-old male chicks were distributed in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement (with or without emulsifier × two lipid s ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjas-2020-0142

12. Effects of nutritional management regimen and residual feed intake (RFI) classification on RFI reranking and feeding behaviour for finishing beef steers

Author:
N.N. Ferriman; J.J. Devos; A.M. Edwards; K.M. Wood; C.P. Campbell; I.B. Mandell
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2022 v.102 no.2 pp. 301-316
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
alfalfa; average daily gain; beef; corn silage; diet; dry matter intake; feed conversion; growth performance; pastures
Abstract:
... Over 2 years, 207 steers were fed an alfalfa/corn silage diet to determine growing phase (GP) residual feed intake (RFI) classification (low, medium, and high) for individual cattle. Steers were then allocated to two finishing management regimens (MR): MR 1 cattle gradually adjusted to an 84.7% concentrate (dry matter (DM) basis) diet; MR 2 included backgrounding on pasture before finishing using ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjas-2021-0023

13. Effet du type de stabulation sur le bien-être des vaches laitières en Algérie

Author:
S. Matallah; N. M’Hamdi; F. Matallah; Z. Bounouala
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2022 v.102 no.2 pp. 325-331
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
Holstein; animal welfare; dairy cows; farmers; forage; free stalls; hygiene; thirst; winter; Algeria
Abstract:
... The objective of the present study was to examine the effect of the type of housing on Holstein dairy cow welfare on farms in northeast Algeria in four wilayas on the basis of the Welfare Quality® evaluation protocol for bovines. Therefore, we applied this protocol to 50 dairy farms with free stall housing and 50 dairy farms with tie stall housing. A total of 2200 dairy cows were evaluated during ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjas-2021-0001

14. Efficacy of three heat-stable microbial phytases on growth performance and bone development and strength of broilers fed diets deficient in available phosphorus

Author:
H.S. Solomon; F.A. Adejoro; T.T. Nkukwana
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2022 v.102 no.3 pp. 420-430
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
body weight changes; diet; feed conversion; feed intake; feeds; growth performance; heat stability; phosphorus; phytases; skeletal development; tibia
Abstract:
... A total of 2340 as-hatched Cobb500 chicks were allocated to 9 treatments, each with 13 replicate pens to evaluate the effects of either three phytase enzymes in a P-deficient diet. Starter and finisher diets consisted of a positive control (PC) and negative control 1 and 2 (NC1 and NC2, respectively). The PC, NC1, and NC2 diets had Ca:avP (available phosphorus) ratios of 0.50, 0.33, and 0.43 in th ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjas-2020-0188

15. Electronarcosis protocols in broiler chickens for the halal market

Author:
Gustavo Henrique Joazeiro de Almeida; Claudia Marie Komiyama; Vivian Aparecida Rios de Castilho; Rodrigo Garófallo Garcia; Maria Fernanda de Castro Burbarelli; Jacqueline Rosa Souza; Erique Ferreira Porifio; Bruna de Souza Eberhart
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2022 v.102 no.3 pp. 440-447
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
breasts; consciousness; electronarcosis; experimental design; hemorrhage; males; markets; meat quality; pectoralis muscle; slaughterhouses
Abstract:
... This study considered the parameters of the halal market to evaluate different protocols for broiler electronarcosis regarding time to return of consciousness, bleeding efficiency, and carcass and meat quality at a broiler slaughterhouse. One hundred and eighty-four 43-day-old male broilers of the Cobb® strain were used. The experimental design used was completely randomized with 46 broilers for e ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjas-2021-0082

16. Evaluation of biochar products at two inclusion levels on ruminal in vitro methane production and fermentation parameters in a Timothy hay-based diet

Author:
G. F. Mengistu; T. A. McAllister; P. J. Tamayao; K. H. Ominski; G. O. Ribeiro; E. K. Okine; E. J. McGeough
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2022 v.102 no.2 pp. 396-400
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
Phleum pratense; ammonium nitrogen; animal science; biochar; diet; fermentation; grass hay; methane; methane production; rumen fermentation; volatile fatty acids
Abstract:
... This study evaluated the effects of seven biochar products at two levels of inclusion [2.25% or 4.50% diet dry matter (DM)] on DM disappearance (DMD), cumulative gas and methane (CH₄) production, ammonia-nitrogen, and volatile fatty acid (VFA) production from Timothy grass hay over 48 h of incubation. Biochar did not affect gas and CH₄ production (P ≥ 0.17) nor the DMD or ruminal fermentation (P ≥ ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjas-2021-0069

17. First-service pregnancy rate among beef heifers with different residual feed intake

Author:
Amir Behrouzi; Marcos Colazo; Changxi Li; Carolyn Fitzsimmons
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2022 v.102 no.2 pp. 406-409
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
Angus; backfat; beef; feed conversion; feed intake; pregnancy rate; semen
Abstract:
... The effect of residual feed intake (a measure of feed efficiency) adjusted for backfat thickness (RFIfₐₜ) on pregnancy rate (PR) was examined in Angus heifers over 2 yr. High- or Low-RFI heifers were timed artificially inseminated (TAI) with semen from High- or Low-RFI sires, respectively. There was a negative association (P < 0.05) between RFIfₐₜ value and PR in Year II for Low-RFI heifers. In Ye ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjas-2021-0105

18. Growth performance and heamatobiochemical parameters of broilers fed diets containing Artemisia afra essential oil

Author:
William Zvarivadza; Upenyu Marume
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2022 v.102 no.2 pp. 382-391
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
Artemisia afra; alkaline phosphatase; average daily gain; diet; eosinophils; essential oils; feed conversion; feed intake; flocks; growth performance; monocytes; neutrophils
Abstract:
... The study was conducted to determine the effects of Artemisia afra Jacq. ex Willd. essential oil inclusion in diets on growth performance and blood parameters in broiler chickens. Four hundred day-old Cobb 500 chicks were randomly allotted to four treatments: NC – negative control (commercial broiler diet without antibiotics), PC – positive control (commercial broiler diet), AA1 – commercial diet  ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjas-2020-0113

19. Post-hatch changes in the histological structure of the oviduct and associated 17β-estradiol profiles in guinea hens (Numida meleagris)

Author:
Ibn Iddriss Abdul-Rahman; Jane Robinson
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2022 v.102 no.3 pp. 501-508
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
epithelium; estradiol; guineafowl; histology; oviducts
Abstract:
... There are limited data available on the biology of guinea fowls. The objective of this study was to document post-hatch histological and stereological changes in the oviducts of 56 guinea hens and associated 17β-estradiol profiles until 32 weeks of age and to explore changes in the oviducal mucosal fold as an index of oviducal growth. Mucosal folds in all regions of the oviduct increased significa ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjas-2022-0010

20. Potential of eight mutations for marker-assisted breeding in Chinese Lulai black pigs

Author:
Jing Xu; Aimei Jiang; Changzheng Zhang; Yangqing Zheng; Tingrong Zhang; Lisheng Zhou
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2022 v.102 no.3 pp. 431-439
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
backfat; genes; intramuscular fat; linear models; marker-assisted selection; muscles; mutation; swine
Abstract:
... Molecular marker-assisted selection (MAS) provides an efficient tool for pig breeding. In this study, according to the literature, we selected eight effective or causal mutations from eight functional genes, including five causal mutations in PHKG1 (rs330928088), MUC13 (rs319699771), IGF2 (g.3072 G>A), VRTN (g.20311_20312ins291), and MYH3 (XM_013981330.2:g.-1805_-1810del) genes, and three effectiv ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjas-2021-0108

21. Providing periodic exercise to stall-housed gestating sows influences only the total number of live-born piglets in older parity sows

Author:
Mariia Tokareva; Jennifer A. Brown; Daniel J. MacPhee; Yolande M. Seddon
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2022 v.102 no.3 pp. 509-517
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
code of practice; exercise; group housing; piglets; pregnancy; reproductive performance
Abstract:
... The 2014 Canadian Pig Code of Practice includes a recommendation to provide stall-housed gestating pigs with periodic exercise. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of periodic exercise on sow performance and placental and piglet characteristics. Sows (n = 180) were assigned to one of three gestation treatments: stall-housed sows (Control: C), stall-housed sows given weekly exer ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjas-2021-0087

22. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the 3′ UTR of follistatin-like 4 and scavenger receptor class B member 1 are associated with Dazu black goat litter size

Author:
Ji-Yuan Zhu; Guang-Xin E; Jia-Bo Wang; Shan-Shan Xu; Xiu-Qin Yang
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2022 v.102 no.3 pp. 473-479
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
animal science; gene expression; genotype; genotyping; goats; litter size; progeny
Abstract:
... The untranslated regions (UTRs) of genes play crucial roles in regulating gene expression at the post-transcriptional level such as affecting mRNA stabilization. In this study, 26 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and one deletion located in UTR were genotyped from 186 Dazu black goats via SNaPshot, and the correlation between genotype and litter size was analyzed. The results indicated that ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjas-2020-0170

23. Supplemental effect of coated refined fish oil on the performance of finishing pigs fed diets containing soybean meal as a partial alternative to barley or wheat feed ingredient

Author:
Sureshkumar Shanmugam; Woo Jeong Seok; Seung Ho Ha; Sung Giu Jin; In Ho Kim
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2022 v.102 no.2 pp. 332-341
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
average daily gain; barley; body weight; diet; digestibility; drip loss; fatty acid composition; feed composition; feed conversion; fish oils; growth performance; meat; meat quality; nitrogen; soybean meal; wheat
Abstract:
... A total of 195 finishing pigs with an average body weight (BW) of 78.65 ± 0.09 kg were assigned to one of three dietary treatments in a 28-d trial. The designated nutritional diets were as follows: CON; TRT1, CON + 0.2% coated refined fish oil; and TRT2, CON + 10% barley + 0.2% coated refined fish oil. The inclusion of coated refined fish oil with the barley-based diet significantly increased BW, ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjas-2021-0057

24. Testing the ability of contact mats to identify problematic stall configurations

Author:
A. Zambelis; E. Vasseur
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2022 v.102 no.2 pp. 317-324
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
animal science; cows; risk
Abstract:
... Comparing the frequency of cow contact with stall rails across multiple stall designs may help to determine which stall configurations best promote cow ease of movement and reduce injury risk. The objective of this study was to compare the frequency of cow contact with the dividers across different stall treatments using the contact mat (CM) system to identify problematic stall designs. A total of ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjas-2021-0109

25. Using publicly available weather station data to investigate the effects of heat stress on milk production traits in Canadian Holstein cattle

Author:
I.L. Campos; T.C.S Chud; H.R. Oliveira; C.F. Baes; A. Cánovas; F.S. Schenkel
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2022 v.102 no.2 pp. 368-381
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
Holstein; dairy industry; heat; heat stress; heat tolerance; milk; milk production; weather; Ontario; Quebec
Abstract:
... Heat stress imposes a challenge to the dairy industry, even in northern latitudes. In this study, publicly available weather station data were combined with test-day records for milk, fat, and protein yields to identify the temperature–humidity index (THI) thresholds at which heat load starts affecting milk production traits in Canadian Holstein cows. Production loss per THI unit above the thresho ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjas-2021-0088

26. The early story of growth hormone-releasing factor in rats, swine, and cattle

Author:
Jean Morisset
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2022 v.102 no.2 pp. 211-231
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
digestive system; gilts; humans; milk production; pancreatic neoplasms; rats; somatoliberin; steers; California
Abstract:
... Following the discovery of the growth hormone-releasing factor from a human pancreatic tumor by the group of Guillemin at the Salk Institute in California, research on this factor has exploded. This review article is focused on the results obtained early after this discovery and summarizes the biological effects of this releasing factor on the rat digestive system development and above all on pig, ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjas-2021-0044

27. The effects of grinding and pelleting on nutrient composition of Canadian pulses

Author:
Cara L. Cargo-Froom; Rex W. Newkirk; Christopher P.F. Marinangeli; Anna K. Shoveller; Yongfeng Ai; Elijah G. Kiarie; Daniel A. Columbus
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2022 v.102 no.3 pp. 457-472
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
crude protein; cysteine; histidine; ingredients; livestock feeds; lysine; methionine; nutrient content; soybean meal; tyrosine
Abstract:
... Understanding the effects of processing pulses is required for their effective incorporation into livestock feed. To determine the impact of processing, Canadian peas, lentils, chickpeas, and faba beans, plus soybean meal (SBM; as a comparison), were ground into fine and coarse products and pelleted at three different temperatures (60–65, 70–75, and 80–85 °C). Grinding increased crude protein cont ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjas-2021-0111

28. The importance of B vitamins in enhanced precision nutrition of dairy cows: the case of folates and vitamin B₁₂

Author:
Christiane L. Girard; Mélissa Duplessis
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2022 v.102 no.2 pp. 201-210
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
carbohydrates; coenzymes; dairy cows; diet; energy; energy costs; lipid metabolism; microorganisms; prediction
Abstract:
... Dairy cow diets are generally balanced for energy and major nutrients with B vitamins generally assumed not to be limiting, in spite of their role as coenzymes, essential to many metabolic reactions in protein, carbohydrate, and lipid metabolism. Assuming adequacy of B-vitamin supply may explain some of the discrepancies between the outcomes of metabolic prediction models and measured cow performa ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjas-2021-0065

29. The relationship between udder skin surface temperature and milk production and composition in dairy cattle (Bos taurus Linnaeus, 1758)

Author:
Daniel Zaborski; Maria Soroko-Dubrovina; Wilhelm Grzesiak; Mirosław Parafiniuk; Andrzej Modrzejewski; Oleh Klym; Olha Stadnytska; Jerzy Wójcik
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2022 v.102 no.3 pp. 411-419
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
Holstein; dairy cattle; lipid content; milk yield; protein content; sample size; somatic cell count; surface temperature; thermography; udders; urea
Abstract:
... The aim of the present study was to determine correlations between udder skin surface temperatures and milk yield and estimated composition in dairy cows. The thermographic images of 34 Polish Holstein–Friesian black-and-white cows were taken in a milking parlor before and after milking. Partial correlation coefficients were calculated between the surface temperatures of the udder hind quarters an ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjas-2021-0092

30. Achyranthes Japonica Nakai root extract supplementation improves apparent nutrient digestibility, caecum microbiota, and excreta gas emission in broiler chicks

Author:
De Xin Dang; Kwan Sik Yun; In Ho Kim
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2021 v.102 no.2 pp. 266-273
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
Achyranthes japonica; Escherichia coli; ammonia; body weight; cecum; diet; digestibility; dose response; excreta; growth performance; microorganisms; nitrogen; root extracts
Abstract:
... This study investigated the effects of supplementing Achyranthes Japonica Nakai (AJN) root extract to the diet of broiler chicks on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, caecum microbiota, excreta gas emission, and relative weight of organs. A total of 270 one-day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks (42.11 ± 0.18 g) were randomly allotted into three dietary treatments according to the initial body w ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjas-2020-0164

31. Apparent and standardized digestibility in broilers fed flaxseed meal with multi-carbohydrase and phytase at 35 days of age

Author:
Robert Guaracy Aparecido Cardoso Araujo; Connie Gallardo Vela; José Roberto Sartori; Messias Alves da Trindade Neto
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2021 v.102 no.1 pp. 124-132
ISSN:
1918-1825
Subject:
calcium; digestibility; energy; ileum; linseed meal; nitrogen; phosphorus; phytases; synergism
Abstract:
... The apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD; trial 1) and the apparent (AID) and standardized (SID) ileal digestibility of the amino acids (AA) (trial 2) in flaxseed meal (FM) were evaluated with the addition of exogenous multi-carbohydrase (MC) and phytase (Phy). A total of 80 28-d-old broilers were allotted in a completely randomized design to receive treatments up to 35 d of age. A 2 × 2 facto ...
DOI:
10.1139/CJAS-2021-0051

32. Apparent and standardized digestibility in broilers fed flaxseed meal with multi-carbohydrase and phytase at 35 days of age

Author:
Robert Guaracy Aparecido Cardoso Araujo; Connie Gallardo Vela; José Roberto Sartori; Messias Alves da Trindade Neto
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2021 v.102 no.1 pp. 124-132
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
calcium; digestibility; energy; ileum; linseed meal; nitrogen; phosphorus; phytases; synergism
Abstract:
... The apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD; trial 1) and the apparent (AID) and standardized (SID) ileal digestibility of the amino acids (AA) (trial 2) in flaxseed meal (FM) were evaluated with the addition of exogenous multi-carbohydrase (MC) and phytase (Phy). A total of 80 28-d-old broilers were allotted in a completely randomized design to receive treatments up to 35 d of age. A 2 × 2 facto ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjas-2021-0051

33. Bark charcoal powder containing wood vinegar liquid can shorten the time to shipping of broilers raised in tropical areas by activating performance and intestinal function

Author:
Janjira Sittiya; Koh-en Yamauchi; Kohsyo Yamauchi
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2021 v.101 no.4 pp. 735-744
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
ambient temperature; ammonium nitrogen; bark; body weight changes; charcoal; digestibility; duodenum; energy; feed conversion; growth performance; heat stress; histology; liquids; poultry production; vinegars; wood
Abstract:
... The effect of dietary bark charcoal containing vinegar liquid (BCV) on the growth performance, carcass and visceral organs, intestinal histology, fecal ammonia nitrogen, and nutrient digestibility were investigated in a total of 350 one-day-old unsexed Ross 308 broilers raised under a high environmental temperature (heat stress) from 0 to 42 d of age. They were divided into 0% (control group), 1%, ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjas-2021-0025

34. Changes in carcass traits, meat quality, muscle fiber characteristics, and liver function of finishing pigs fed high level of fish oil

Author:
Qiuping Guo; Lingyu Zhang; Yehui Duan; Wenlong Wang; Ruilin Huang; Fengna Li
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2021 v.101 no.2 pp. 342-352
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
alanine transaminase; antioxidant activity; aspartic acid; bilirubin; biogenesis; blood serum; carcass weight; diet; fish oils; liver; liver function; loins (meat cut); longissimus muscle; low density lipoprotein; malondialdehyde; meat quality; mitochondria; muscle fibers; myosin heavy chains; oxidation; phospholipid-hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase; quinones; raw fish
Abstract:
... The study was aimed to investigate the changes in carcass traits, meat quality, muscle fiber characteristics, and liver function in pigs fed with high levels of fresh fish oil and oxidized fish oil. About 30 piglets were randomly assigned to receive basal diet plus 2% fish oil (LFO), basal diet plus 8% fish oil (HFO), or basal diet plus 8% oxidized fish oil (OFO) for 120 d. Pigs of the HFO and OFO ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjas-2020-0028

35. Comparison and estimation of different linear and nonlinear lactation curve submodels in random regression analyses on dairy cattle

Author:
Xiaojing Zhou; Jingyan Zhang
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2021 v.101 no.3 pp. 567-576
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
animal models; computer software; dairy cattle; lactation; lactation curve; milk yield; phenotype; regression analysis
Abstract:
... In the random regression model (RRM) for milk yield, by replacing empirical lactation curves with the five-order Legendre polynomial to fit fixed groups, the RRM can be transformed to a hierarchical model that consisted of a RRM in the first hierarchy with Legendre polynomials as individuals’ lactation curves resolved by restricted maximum likelihood (REML) software, and a multivariate animal mode ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjas-2020-0085

36. Diarrhea duration and performance outcomes of pre-weaned dairy calves supplemented with bacteriophage

Author:
Evandro Schmoeller; Adriane D. C. de Matos; Natalia M. Rahal; Josiane O. Feijo; Cassio C. Brauner; Francisco Augusto B. Del Pino; Marcio N. Correa; Viviane R. Rabassa
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2021 v.102 no.1 pp. 165-174
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
Escherichia coli; Holstein; Salmonella; albumins; average daily gain; bacteriophages; blood serum; cholesterol; diarrhea; disease occurrence; females; phage therapy; urea; virulence; weight gain
Abstract:
... This study aimed to evaluate lytic bacteriophage supplementation in pre-weaned dairy calves on disease occurrence, performance, and biochemical parameters. Two hundred Holstein × Gyr crossbred female calves were divided into two groups: CON, no supplementation; and PHAGE, bacteriophage supplementation (1 g·d⁻¹) from day 3 until day 70 of life. Calves were monitored daily for age of first diarrheal ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjas-2021-0074

37. Diarrhea duration and performance outcomes of pre-weaned dairy calves supplemented with bacteriophage

Author:
Evandro Schmoeller; Adriane D. C. de Matos; Natalia M. Rahal; Josiane O. Feijo; Cassio C. Brauner; Francisco Augusto B. Del Pino; Marcio N. Correa; Viviane R. Rabassa
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2021 v.102 no.1 pp. 165-174
ISSN:
1918-1825
Subject:
Escherichia coli; Holstein; Salmonella; albumins; average daily gain; bacteriophages; blood serum; cholesterol; diarrhea; disease occurrence; females; phage therapy; urea; virulence; weight gain
Abstract:
... This study aimed to evaluate lytic bacteriophage supplementation in pre-weaned dairy calves on disease occurrence, performance, and biochemical parameters. Two hundred Holstein × Gyr crossbred female calves were divided into two groups: CON, no supplementation; and PHAGE, bacteriophage supplementation (1 g·d⁻¹) from day 3 until day 70 of life. Calves were monitored daily for age of first diarrheal ...
DOI:
10.1139/CJAS-2021-0074

38. Dietary glycine equivalent and standardized ileal digestible methionine + cysteine levels for male broiler chickens fed low-crude-protein diets

Author:
Paschal Chukwudi Aguihe; Ivan Camilo Ospina-Rojas; Marcia Izumi Sakamoto; Paulo Cesar Pozza; Eustace Ayemere Iyayi; Alice Eiko Murakami
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2021 v.102 no.1 pp. 19-29
ISSN:
1918-1825
Subject:
breast meat; cysteine; diet; ileum; males; methionine
Abstract:
... This study was conducted to determine the optimum dietary glycine equivalent (Glyₑqᵤᵢ) level in low-crude-protein diets of 181 g·kg⁻¹ containing varied concentrations of standardized ileal digestible (SID) methionine + cysteine (Met + Cys) for broiler chicks (1–21 d old). A total of 1275, 1-d-old Cobb-Vantress® male broilers were distributed in a 5 × 3 factorial arrangement with a completely rando ...
DOI:
10.1139/CJAS-2021-0009

39. Dietary glycine equivalent and standardized ileal digestible methionine + cysteine levels for male broiler chickens fed low-crude-protein diets

Author:
Paschal Chukwudi Aguihe; Ivan Camilo Ospina-Rojas; Marcia Izumi Sakamoto; Paulo Cesar Pozza; Eustace Ayemere Iyayi; Alice Eiko Murakami
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2021 v.102 no.1 pp. 19-29
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
breast meat; cysteine; diet; ileum; males; methionine
Abstract:
... This study was conducted to determine the optimum dietary glycine equivalent (Glyₑqᵤᵢ) level in low-crude-protein diets of 181 g·kg⁻¹ containing varied concentrations of standardized ileal digestible (SID) methionine + cysteine (Met + Cys) for broiler chicks (1–21 d old). A total of 1275, 1-d-old Cobb-Vantress® male broilers were distributed in a 5 × 3 factorial arrangement with a completely rando ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjas-2021-0009

40. Dietary inclusion of mineral detoxified nano-sulfur dispersion on growth performance, fecal score, fecal microbiota, gas emission, blood profile, nutrient digestibility, and meat quality in finishing pigs

Author:
Mohankumar Thamaraikannan; Insun Park; In Ho Kim
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2021 v.101 no.4 pp. 715-722
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
average daily gain; blood serum; body weight; calcium; cholesterol; diet; digestibility; drip loss; feed intake; glucose; growth performance; intestinal microorganisms; meat quality; swine; triacylglycerols; water holding capacity
Abstract:
... This study is to evaluate the effects of mineral detoxified nano-sulfur dispersion (DSD) on growth performance, fecal score, fecal microbiota, gas emissions, blood profile, nutrient digestibility, and meat quality in finishing pigs. A total of 160 pigs with an initial body weight (BW) of 54.90 ± 5.10 kg were randomly assigned to two treatments including basal diet and basal diet with 10 ppm DSD. D ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjas-2020-0186

41. Effect of dietary energy density and folic acid supplementation on white striping occurrence and growth performance of broiler chickens

Author:
Deborah I. Adewole; Janice MacIsaac; Chengbo Yang
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2021 v.101 no.4 pp. 788-792
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
breasts; energy; energy density; feed conversion; feed intake; females; fillets; folic acid; growth performance; males; pectoralis muscle
Abstract:
... Broilers were allocated to eight treatments consisting of two energy levels: normal (NE) and high (HE), and four folic acid (FA) levels (2.2, 5, 10, and 15 ppm). On day 42, two male and two female chickens were euthanized per pen, and white striping (WS) evaluation was performed on the pectoralis major. Birds fed HE diets had reduced (P < 0.05) feed intake and feed conversion rate than those on NE ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjas-2020-0175

42. Effect of dietary folic acid and energy density on immune response, gut morphology, and oxidative status in blood and breast muscle of broiler chickens

Author:
Fisayo T. Akinyemi; Deborah I. Adewole
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2021 v.102 no.2 pp. 243-254
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
albumins; antioxidants; bile acids; breast muscle; calcium; dietary supplements; energy; energy density; folic acid; heart; immune response; jejunum; oxidative stress; villi
Abstract:
... Folic acid (FA) plays essential roles in many metabolic functions and has been reported to have antioxidant effects. Therefore, dietary supplementation with high levels of FA may improve gut health and prevent potential oxidative stress caused by feeding a high energy density diet to broiler chickens. Broiler chickens were assigned into eight treatments, consisting of either a normal energy (NE) o ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjas-2021-0075

43. Effect of dietary lipid inclusion from by-product-based pellets on dry matter intake, ruminal fermentation, and nutrient digestion in finishing beef heifers

Author:
F. Joy; J.A. Johnson; P. Górka; J.J. McKinnon; S. Hendrick; G.B. Penner
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2021 v.101 no.3 pp. 481-492
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
beef; beef cattle; cannulas; data collection; dietary fat; digesta; digestibility; dry matter intake; lipid content; nutrient intake; pH; rumen fermentation; short chain fatty acids
Abstract:
... This study was designed to evaluate dry matter intake (DMI), ruminal fermentation, ruminal digesta outflow, omasal flow of N constituents, and ruminal and total-tract digestibility in response to increasing dietary lipid content derived from high-lipid by-product-based pellets for finishing beef cattle. Five ruminally cannulated heifers were used in a 5 × 5 Latin square design. Dietary treatments ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjas-2020-0133

44. Effect of dietary organic acids supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and gut morphology in weaned pigs

Author:
Jinyoung Lee; Jong Woong Kim; Heidi Hall; Charles Martin Nyachoti
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2021 v.102 no.2 pp. 255-265
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
antibiotics; body weight; dietary supplements; digestibility; feed conversion; growth performance; jejunum; villi
Abstract:
... This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with different organic acid (OA) mixtures on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and gut morphology in weaned pigs. A total of 56 weaned pigs (7.93 ± 1.04 kg body weight) were assigned to four dietary treatments with seven replicates per treatment for a 35-day study conducted over two phases: phase 1 (day 1 to 1 ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjas-2021-0080

45. Effect of mixed live yeast and lactic acid bacteria on in vitro fermentation with varying media pH using a high-grain or high-forage diet

Author:
P.X. Jiao; F.C. Ma; K.A. Beauchemin; O. AlZahal; X.L. Xie; W.Z. Yang
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2021 v.101 no.2 pp. 370-380
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
Enterococcus faecium; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; acetates; animal science; diet; fermentation; lactic acid; monensin; pH; volatile fatty acids; yeasts
Abstract:
... Two experiments were conducted to assess the effects of media pH and mixtures (SCEF) of live yeast [Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC)] and lactic acid bacteria [Enterococcus faecium (EF)] on gas production (GP), dry matter disappearance (DMD), and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations in batch culture using either high-forage (HF) or high-grain (HG) diets. Diets were evaluated in separate experimen ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjas-2020-0138

46. Effect of non-encapsulated and encapsulated active dried yeast on blood cell count, blood metabolites, and immune response of finishing beef heifers

Author:
Peixin Jiao; Karen A. Beauchemin; Fengchun Ma; Ousama AlZahal; Xiaolai Xie; Wenzhu Yang
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2021 v.101 no.2 pp. 390-394
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
beef; erythrocytes; immune response; interleukin-6; metabolites; urea nitrogen; yeasts
Abstract:
... A study was conducted to evaluate whether encapsulated active dried yeast (EDY), compared with non-protected active dried yeast (ADY) or antibiotics (ANT), improved immune response and blood metabolites of finishing beef heifers. Blood urea nitrogen was lower (P < 0.05) with supplemented ADY and mixture of ADY and EDY (MDY) compared with control. Supplementation of MDY also resulted in lower (P <  ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjas-2020-0160

47. Effect of oregano oil and cranberry pulp supplementation in finishing pigs on the physicochemical quality of fresh loin during storage

Author:
M.P. Fortier; F. Guay; L. Saucier
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2021 v.102 no.1 pp. 50-63
ISSN:
1918-1825
Subject:
cranberries; experimental design; fatty acid composition; lipid peroxidation; malondialdehyde; meat; meat quality; oregano; oregano oil; pulp; slaughter
Abstract:
... Oregano oil and cranberry pulp supplements were added to the diets of finishing pigs to determine their effects on the meat quality of fresh loins during storage. Two and three levels of oregano oil (250 and 500 mg·kg⁻¹) and cranberry pulp (5, 10, and 20 g·kg⁻¹) were tested, according to a factorial experimental design. The loin meat was vacuum packed and analyzed at 0 (after the 24 h chilling per ...
DOI:
10.1139/CJAS-2020-0198

48. Effect of oregano oil and cranberry pulp supplementation in finishing pigs on the physicochemical quality of fresh loin during storage

Author:
M.P. Fortier; F. Guay; L. Saucier
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2021 v.102 no.1 pp. 50-63
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
cranberries; experimental design; fatty acid composition; lipid peroxidation; malondialdehyde; meat; meat quality; oregano; oregano oil; pulp; slaughter
Abstract:
... Oregano oil and cranberry pulp supplements were added to the diets of finishing pigs to determine their effects on the meat quality of fresh loins during storage. Two and three levels of oregano oil (250 and 500 mg·kg⁻¹) and cranberry pulp (5, 10, and 20 g·kg⁻¹) were tested, according to a factorial experimental design. The loin meat was vacuum packed and analyzed at 0 (after the 24 h chilling per ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjas-2020-0198

49. Effect of pelleting on nutrients and energy digestibility in growing pigs fed corn-soybean meal-based diet or diet containing corn distillers dried grains with solubles (cDDGS), wheat middlings, and bakery meal

Author:
Élisabeth Chassé; Frédéric Guay; Marie-Pierre Létourneau-Montminy
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2021 v.102 no.1 pp. 108-116
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
cannulas; corn; cross-over studies; crude protein; diet; digestibility; digestible energy; digestion; energy; ileum; mash; polysaccharides; soybean meal; wheat
Abstract:
... This study was conducted to determine the effect of pelleting and diet type on the apparent ileal (AID) and total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients and energy in growing pigs. Six pigs were cannulated at the ileum and were assigned to treatments following a crossover design. One diet was a control diet based on corn and soybean meal (CT). Part of it was replaced by corn distillers dried grai ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjas-2021-0060

50. Effect of pelleting on nutrients and energy digestibility in growing pigs fed corn-soybean meal-based diet or diet containing corn distillers dried grains with solubles (cDDGS), wheat middlings, and bakery meal

Author:
Élisabeth Chassé; Frédéric Guay; Marie-Pierre Létourneau-Montminy
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2021 v.102 no.1 pp. 108-116
ISSN:
1918-1825
Subject:
cannulas; corn; cross-over studies; crude protein; diet; digestibility; digestible energy; digestion; energy; ileum; mash; polysaccharides; soybean meal; wheat
Abstract:
... This study was conducted to determine the effect of pelleting and diet type on the apparent ileal (AID) and total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients and energy in growing pigs. Six pigs were cannulated at the ileum and were assigned to treatments following a crossover design. One diet was a control diet based on corn and soybean meal (CT). Part of it was replaced by corn distillers dried grai ...
DOI:
10.1139/CJAS-2021-0060

51. Effect of pine-based biochars with differing physiochemical properties on methane production, ruminal fermentation, and rumen microbiota in an artificial rumen (RUSITEC) fed barley silage

Author:
Paul Tamayao; Gabriel O. Ribeiro; Tim A. McAllister; Kim H. Ominski; Atef M. Saleem; Hee Eun Yang; Erasmus K. Okine; Emma J. McGeough
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2021 v.101 no.3 pp. 577-589
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
Protozoa; barley; biochar; fermentation; methane; methane production; protein synthesis; rumen fermentation; silage; species diversity; volatile fatty acids
Abstract:
... This study investigated the effects of three pine-based biochar products on nutrient disappearance, total gas and methane (CH₄) production, rumen fermentation, microbial protein synthesis, and rumen microbiota in a rumen simulation technique (RUSITEC) fed a barley-silage-based total mixed ration (TMR). Treatments consisted of 10 g TMR supplemented with no biochar (control) and three different bioc ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjas-2020-0129

52. Effect of refrigeration on the collagen and texture characteristics of yak meat

Author:
Shengsheng Li; Yawei Zhang; Shujie Liu
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2021 v.102 no.1 pp. 175-183
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
animal science; chewiness; cohesion; cold storage; collagen; hardness; histology; meat; quality control; refrigeration; solubility; texture; yaks
Abstract:
... To investigate the effect of refrigeration on the collagen and texture characteristics of yak meat, the changes in collagen content, solubility, shear force, hardness, cohesiveness, springiness, gumminess, and chewiness of yak meat at 4 ± 1 °C were measured. The results showed that the contents and solubility of collagen in yak meat significantly decreased (P < 0.05). The myofibrillar fragmentatio ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjas-2021-0059

53. Effect of refrigeration on the collagen and texture characteristics of yak meat

Author:
Shengsheng Li; Yawei Zhang; Shujie Liu
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2021 v.102 no.1 pp. 175-183
ISSN:
1918-1825
Subject:
animal science; chewiness; cohesion; cold storage; collagen; hardness; histology; meat; quality control; refrigeration; solubility; texture; yaks
Abstract:
... To investigate the effect of refrigeration on the collagen and texture characteristics of yak meat, the changes in collagen content, solubility, shear force, hardness, cohesiveness, springiness, gumminess, and chewiness of yak meat at 4 ± 1 °C were measured. The results showed that the contents and solubility of collagen in yak meat significantly decreased (P < 0.05). The myofibrillar fragmentatio ...
DOI:
10.1139/CJAS-2021-0059

54. Effect of replacing barley silage with calcium oxide-treated barley straw on rumen fermentation, rumen microbiota, nutrient digestibility, and growth performance of finishing beef cattle

Author:
Katelyn R. Stehr; Stephanie A. Terry; Gabriel O. Ribeiro; Robert J. Gruninger; Gregory B. Penner; John McKinnon; Darryl Gibb; Tim A. McAllister
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2021 v.101 no.3 pp. 493-506
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
average daily gain; barley; barley straw; beef cattle; calcium; calcium oxide; carcass quality; diet; digestibility; fermentation; growth performance; pH; rumen bacteria; silage; wheat
Abstract:
... Effect of calcium oxide (CaO) treatment of barley straw and salt on rumen fermentation, microbiota, digestibility, growth, and carcass quality of cattle was assessed. A replicated 4 × 4 Latin square metabolism experiment was conducted using eight heifers fed a wheat finishing diet with barley silage (B-SIL), barley straw (B-S), or 5.0% CaO-treated barley straw (CaOS) with or without NaCl (CaOS-NS) ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjas-2020-0071

55. Effect of trenbolone acetate, melengestrol acetate, and ractopamine hydrochloride on the growth performance of beef cattle

Author:
Gabriel O. Ribeiro; Stephanie Terry; Martin Hünerberg; Kim Ominski; Francis J. Larney; Tim A. McAllister
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2021 v.101 no.4 pp. 723-734
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
average daily gain; barley; beef cattle; carcass weight; corn silage; dry matter intake; estradiol; feedlots; growth performance; melengestrol; ractopamine; trenbolone
Abstract:
... The effect of trenbolone acetate + estradiol (TBA) implants, melengestrol acetate (MGA), and ractopamine hydrochloride + TBA (RAC + TBA) on growth performance and carcass characteristics in beef cattle (n = 680; 279 ± 10.1 kg) fed barley grain/corn silage was examined in a 4 yr study (four pens per treatment per year; 262 ± 8 d feeding period). In the first 2 yr, treatments were (1) control heifer ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjas-2020-0159

56. Effect of xylanase and live yeast supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and gut microbiome diversity of pigs

Author:
H. Lu; H. Yan; H.M. Masey O’Neill; C.L. Bradley; M.R. Bedford; P. Wilcock; C.H. Nakatsu; O. Adeola; K.M. Ajuwon
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2021 v.101 no.3 pp. 459-472
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
average daily gain; body weight; digestibility; energy; feed conversion; glucose transporters; growth performance; intestinal microorganisms; nitrogen; phosphorus; weanlings; xylanases; yeasts
Abstract:
... Effect of xylanase (Xyl) and live yeast (LY) supplementation on gut microbiome composition, growth performance, and nutrient digestibility of weanling pigs was determined. A total of 180 weanling pigs were assigned to five treatments from weaning to market. Treatments were designated based on whether Xyl, LY, or their combination were fed in the first 2 wk postweaning or thereafter until finishing ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjas-2020-0082

57. Effects of Quillaja saponin supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal microbiota, and fecal gas emission in growing pigs

Author:
De Xin Dang; In Ho Kim
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2021 v.101 no.4 pp. 667-673
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
Duroc; Quillaja; ammonia; average daily gain; body weight; dietary supplements; digestibility; fecal bacteria; growth performance; intestinal microorganisms; landraces; saponins
Abstract:
... The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of Quillaja saponin (QS) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal microbiota, and fecal gas emission in growing pigs. A total of 50 crossbred growing pigs [(Yorkshire × Landrace) × Duroc] with an initial body weight of 23.83 ± 1.95 kg were randomly assigned to one of two treatments for a 56 d trial with fi ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjas-2020-0185

58. Effects of barley and corn as sources of silage and grain on dry matter intake, ruminal fermentation, and total-tract digestibility in growing beef heifers

Author:
B.D. Sutherland; J.A. Johnson; J.J. McKinnon; T.A. McAllister; G.B. Penner
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2021 v.101 no.3 pp. 447-458
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
barley; beef; butyrates; cannulas; corn; digestibility; digestible energy; dry matter intake; excretion; nitrogen; organic matter; propionic acid; rumen fermentation; silage; starch
Abstract:
... The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of barley (BS) or corn (CS) silage when fed with dry-rolled barley grain (BG), corn grain (CG), or an equal blend (BCG) of BG and CG for backgrounding cattle. Ruminally cannulated heifers (n = 5) were assigned to an incomplete 6 × 6 Latin square design. Treatments contained either BS or CS in combination with BG, CG, or BCG. Samples were collecte ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjas-2020-0025

59. Effects of broiler chicks fed the low crude protein diet supplemented with Achyranthes japonica Nakai root extract on growth performance and carcass traits

Author:
De Xin Dang; Kwan Sik Yun; In Ho Kim
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2021 v.101 no.4 pp. 793-797
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
Achyranthes japonica; cages; crude protein; growth performance; root extracts
Abstract:
... A total of 360 one-day-old broiler chicks were randomly assigned to four treatments with five replicate cages and 18 birds per cage for a 35 d trial to investigate the effects of supplementing Achyranthes japonica Nakai (AJN) root extract in low crude protein (CP) diet on growth performance and carcass traits. Experimental diets were divided as standard CP content diet, low CP content (LCP) diet, ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjas-2020-0184

60. Effects of colostrum management on transfer of passive immunity and the potential role of colostral bioactive components on neonatal calf development and metabolism

Author:
A.J. Fischer-Tlustos; A. Lopez; K.S. Hare; K.M. Wood; M.A. Steele
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2021 v.101 no.3 pp. 405-426
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
beef; colostrum; immunoglobulin G; insulin; insulin-like growth factor I; metabolism; neonates; oligosaccharides; passive immunity
Abstract:
... Neonatal dairy and beef calves are required to ingest adequate volumes of high-quality colostrum during their first hours of life to acquire transfer of passive immunity (TPI). As such, immunoglobulin G (IgG) has largely been the focus of colostrum research over recent decades. Yet, little is known about the additional bioactive compounds in colostrum that potentially influence newborn calf develo ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjas-2020-0149

61. Effects of dietary levels of calcium, phosphorus, and 1-alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol on digestibility, retention of calcium and phosphorus, and concentration of metabolizable energy in diets fed to sows in late-gestation

Author:
Su A Lee; Hans H. Stein
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2021 v.102 no.1 pp. 184-188
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
calcium; dietary supplements; digestibility; digestible energy; metabolizable energy; phosphorus
Abstract:
... The apparent total tract digestibility and retention of calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) and concentrations of digestible energy and metabolizable energy in diets fed to late-gestating sows were not affected by Ca and P levels, but they were increased by dietary supplementation with 1-alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol. There was no interaction between dietary Ca and P and supplementation with 1-alpha-hy ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjas-2021-0018

62. Effects of dietary levels of calcium, phosphorus, and 1-alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol on digestibility, retention of calcium and phosphorus, and concentration of metabolizable energy in diets fed to sows in late-gestation

Author:
Su A Lee; Hans H. Stein
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2021 v.102 no.1 pp. 184-188
ISSN:
1918-1825
Subject:
calcium; dietary supplements; digestibility; digestible energy; metabolizable energy; phosphorus
Abstract:
... The apparent total tract digestibility and retention of calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) and concentrations of digestible energy and metabolizable energy in diets fed to late-gestating sows were not affected by Ca and P levels, but they were increased by dietary supplementation with 1-alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol. There was no interaction between dietary Ca and P and supplementation with 1-alpha-hy ...
DOI:
10.1139/CJAS-2021-0018

63. Effects of feeding two different blends of essential oils to finishing steers on growth performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality, meat composition, and shelf life

Author:
J.B. Dorleku; L.M. Wang; Z.Y. Zhou; I.B. Mandell; B.M. Bohrer
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2021 v.101 no.3 pp. 507-526
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
alfalfa silage; body weight; color; corn; crossbreds; diet; essential oils; fatty acids; feedlots; growth performance; juiciness; meat composition; meat quality; monensin; oxidative stability; shelf life; soybean meal; tylosin; Canada
Abstract:
... The objective was to evaluate the effects of feeding two different commercially available blends of essential oils to finishing steers to replace conventional feed additives in feedlot diets. Angus-based crossbred steers [N = 43; starting body weight (BW) = 466 ± 31 kg] were used in a randomized complete block design. Steers were randomly assigned to four different dietary treatments for the 100 d ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjas-2020-0075

64. Effects of group size and homeopathic product supplement consisting of botanicals and mineral mixture on the performance and production traits of finishing pigs

Author:
Santi Devi Upadhaya; Hyun Ju Park; In Ho Kim
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2021 v.101 no.3 pp. 548-557
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
Duroc; average daily gain; blood serum; body weight; cortisol; diet; digestibility; feed intake; group size; growth performance; landraces; meat quality
Abstract:
... A total of 144 mixed sex pigs [(Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc] with an initial average body weight (BW) of 52 kg were used in a 11 wk trial in a 2 × 2 factorial design with the following factors: group size (three pigs per pen vs. five pigs per pen) and 0% or 0.2% homeopathic product supplementation to evaluate growth performance, nutrient digestibility, meat quality, and stress-related hormones. ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjas-2020-0176

65. Effects of homo- and hetero-fermentative lactic acid bacteria on the quality and aerobic stability of corn silage

Author:
Fanfan Zhang; Fang Miao; Xuzhe Wang; Weihua Lu; Chunhui Ma
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2021 v.101 no.4 pp. 761-770
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
Lactobacillus buchneri; Lactobacillus plantarum; Pediococcus pentosaceus; Zea mays; acid detergent fiber; corn; corn silage; digestibility; early dough stage; fermentation; lactic acid; neutral detergent fiber; nutritive value; sheep
Abstract:
... This study aimed to investigate the effects of homo/heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria (LAB) on the quality of corn silage and its rumen digestibility. Maize (Zea mays strain Xingsiyu No. 10), at the early dough stage, was harvested, chopped, ensiled in vacuum bags, and divided into four groups: (1) control (without added bacteria); (2) with the homofermentative LAB Lactobacillus plantarum an ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjas-2019-0170

66. Effects of red-osier dogwood extracts on growth performance, intestinal digestive and absorptive functions, and meat quality of broiler chickens

Author:
Marion K. Mogire; Janghan Choi; Peng Lu; Chongwu Yang; Shangxi Liu; Deborah Adewole; Argenis Rodas-Gonzalez; Chengbo Yang
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2021 v.101 no.4 pp. 687-703
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
amino acids; crude fat; diet; digestibility; growth performance; ileum; jejunum; mash; meat quality; peptides
Abstract:
... A total of 320 one-day-old Cobb 500 chicks with an initial weight of 48.3 ± 3.3 g·pen⁻¹ were assigned to four dietary treatments with eight replicates provided in three phases for 46 d. The treatments were fed as mash diets and included (1) negative control (NC) corn-soybean basal diet, (2) positive control (PC) basal diet with 30 ppm avilamycin, (3) basal diet supplemented with 1000 ppm red-osier ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjas-2020-0191

67. Effects of saccharified corn straw on growth performance, nutrient metabolic rates, gastrointestinal tract development, and serum antioxidant index of broilers

Author:
Ping Wang; Juan Chang; Chaoqi Liu; Qingqiang Yin; Mengjie Liu; Xaowei Dang; Fushan Lu
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2021 v.101 no.3 pp. 438-446
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
antioxidant activity; antioxidants; average daily gain; blood serum; corn straw; diet; digestive tract; feed conversion; females; growth performance; oils; tissue weight
Abstract:
... This study was conducted to investigate effects of saccharified corn straw (SCS) on broiler growth. A total of 250 one-day-old female Arbor Acres (AA) broilers were distributed into five groups. The broilers in groups 1–5 were fed with diets containing 0% (basal diet), 4%, 8%, 12% SCS, and 8% SCS (high oil), respectively. The experiment lasted 42 d including early and later stages. In the early st ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjas-2020-0100

68. Enzyme complex addition in barley or rye broiler diets with two energy levels fed from 1 to 21 days

Author:
Caio Henrique Pereira de Souza; Márcia Izumi Sakamoto; Paulo Cesar Pozza; Tatiana Carlesso dos Santos; Humberto Marques Lipori; Alceu Kazuo Hirata; Alice Eiko Murakami
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2021 v.102 no.1 pp. 64-74
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
barley; blood; diet; digestibility; energy; enzymes; feed conversion; intestines; males; metabolizable energy; rye; viscosity; weight gain
Abstract:
... Two experiments were conducted to evaluate diet digestibility, performance, digestive parameters, and blood parameters when an enzyme complex (EC) was used in barley- and rye-based diets with different energy levels. In the digestibility assay (exp. I), 108 seventeen-day-old Cobb male broilers were distributed in a completely randomized design in 2 × 2 × 2 + 1 factorial arrangement with two feeds ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjas-2020-0201

69. Enzyme complex addition in barley or rye broiler diets with two energy levels fed from 1 to 21 days

Author:
Caio Henrique Pereira de Souza; Márcia Izumi Sakamoto; Paulo Cesar Pozza; Tatiana Carlesso dos Santos; Humberto Marques Lipori; Alceu Kazuo Hirata; Alice Eiko Murakami
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2021 v.102 no.1 pp. 64-74
ISSN:
1918-1825
Subject:
barley; blood; diet; digestibility; energy; enzymes; feed conversion; intestines; males; metabolizable energy; rye; viscosity; weight gain
Abstract:
... Two experiments were conducted to evaluate diet digestibility, performance, digestive parameters, and blood parameters when an enzyme complex (EC) was used in barley- and rye-based diets with different energy levels. In the digestibility assay (exp. I), 108 seventeen-day-old Cobb male broilers were distributed in a completely randomized design in 2 × 2 × 2 + 1 factorial arrangement with two feeds ...
DOI:
10.1139/CJAS-2020-0201

70. Evaluating the effects of fibrolytic enzymes on rumen fermentation, omasal nutrient flow, and production performance in dairy cows during early lactation

Author:
Basim Refat; David A. Christensen; Aya Ismael; Xin Feng; María E. Rodríguez-Espinosa; Victor H. Guevara-Oquendo; Jenchieh Yang; Ousama AlZahal; Peiqiang Yu
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2021 v.102 no.1 pp. 39-49
ISSN:
1918-1825
Subject:
Holstein; Trichoderma reesei; body weight; cross-over studies; diet; digestibility; early lactation; endo-1,4-beta-glucanase; fermentation; milk; pH; pretreatment; rumen fermentation; xylanases
Abstract:
... This study was performed to evaluate the effects of pre-treating a barley-silage-based diet with an exogenous fibrolytic enzyme derived from Trichoderma reesei (FETR, a mixture of xylanase and cellulase) on lactation performance, omasal nutrient flow and digestibility, rumen fermentation characteristics, and rumen pH profile in Holstein dairy cows during early lactation. The dairy trial was conduc ...
DOI:
10.1139/CJAS-2020-0062

71. Evaluating the effects of fibrolytic enzymes on rumen fermentation, omasal nutrient flow, and production performance in dairy cows during early lactation

Author:
Basim Refat; David A. Christensen; Aya Ismael; Xin Feng; María E. Rodríguez-Espinosa; Victor H. Guevara-Oquendo; Jenchieh Yang; Ousama AlZahal; Peiqiang Yu
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2021 v.102 no.1 pp. 39-49
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
Holstein; Trichoderma reesei; body weight; cross-over studies; diet; digestibility; early lactation; endo-1,4-beta-glucanase; fermentation; milk; pH; pretreatment; rumen fermentation; xylanases
Abstract:
... This study was performed to evaluate the effects of pre-treating a barley-silage-based diet with an exogenous fibrolytic enzyme derived from Trichoderma reesei (FETR, a mixture of xylanase and cellulase) on lactation performance, omasal nutrient flow and digestibility, rumen fermentation characteristics, and rumen pH profile in Holstein dairy cows during early lactation. The dairy trial was conduc ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjas-2020-0062

72. Evaluation of antimicrobial compounds to inhibit growth of select Gram-positive pathogenic or antimicrobial resistant bacteria in air-exposed silage

Author:
Marina Ontiveros-Magadan; Robin C. Anderson; Oscar Ruiz-Barrera; Claudio Arzola-Alvarez; Jaime Salinas-Chavira; Michael E. Hume; Eric J. Scholljegerdes; Roger B. Harvey; David J. Nisbet; Yamicela Castillo-Castillo
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2021 v.102 no.1 pp. 75-84
ISSN:
1918-1825
Subject:
Enterococcus faecalis; Listeria monocytogenes; antibiotic resistance; corn silage; methane production; monolaurin
Abstract:
... Spoiled silages can harbor pathogenic and antimicrobial-resistant microbes. The potential of some antimicrobial additives to inhibit certain pathogenic and antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in air-exposed silage was measured using pure and mixed bacterial cultures. With pure cultures, laurate and monolaurin (5 mg·mL⁻¹) caused decreases (P < 0.05) of 4 to >7 log₁₀ colony-forming units (CFU)·mL⁻¹ in ...
DOI:
10.1139/CJAS-2021-0061

73. Evaluation of antimicrobial compounds to inhibit growth of select Gram-positive pathogenic or antimicrobial resistant bacteria in air-exposed silage

Author:
Marina Ontiveros-Magadan; Robin C. Anderson; Oscar Ruiz-Barrera; Claudio Arzola-Alvarez; Jaime Salinas-Chavira; Michael E. Hume; Eric J. Scholljegerdes; Roger B. Harvey; David J. Nisbet; Yamicela Castillo-Castillo
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2021 v.102 no.1 pp. 75-84
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
Enterococcus faecalis; Listeria monocytogenes; antibiotic resistance; corn silage; methane production; monolaurin
Abstract:
... Spoiled silages can harbor pathogenic and antimicrobial-resistant microbes. The potential of some antimicrobial additives to inhibit certain pathogenic and antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in air-exposed silage was measured using pure and mixed bacterial cultures. With pure cultures, laurate and monolaurin (5 mg·mL⁻¹) caused decreases (P < 0.05) of 4 to >7 log₁₀ colony-forming units (CFU)·mL⁻¹ in ...
Handle:
10113/7690084
DOI:
10.1139/cjas-2021-0061

74. Evaluation of dietary-coated omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on reproduction performance, growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and blood profiles in lactating sows and suckling piglets

Author:
Huan Wang; Hyeok Min Yun; In Ho Kim
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2021 v.101 no.3 pp. 473-480
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
average daily gain; blood; body weight; dietary supplements; digestibility; growth performance; landraces; omega-3 fatty acids; piglets; reproductive performance; weanlings
Abstract:
... A total of 16 sows (Landrace × Yorkshire) were used in a 33-d trial (7 d before expected parturition) to determine the effects of dietary-coated omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on reproduction performance, growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and blood profiles in lactating sows and suckling piglets. Pigs were randomly allotted into two treatments with eight replicates per treatment, and ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjas-2020-0074

75. Evaluation of standardized mixture of synbiotic-glyconutrients supplemented in lambs finished during summer season in tropical environment: growth performance, dietary energetics, and carcass characteristics

Author:
Beatriz I. Castro-Pérez; Víctor H. Núñez-Benítez; Alfredo Estrada-Angulo; Jesús D. Urías-Estrada; Soila M. Gaxiola-Camacho; Miguel A. Rodríguez-Gaxiola; Claudio Angulo-Montoya; Alberto Barreras; Richard A. Zinn; Xiomara P. Perea-Domínguez; Alejandro Plascencia
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2021 v.102 no.1 pp. 155-164
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
ambient temperature; average daily gain; body weight; carcass weight; diet; dry matter intake; energy; fat thickness; growth performance; humidity; summer; tropics
Abstract:
... Twenty-four Pelibuey × Katahdin lambs (36.4 ± 2.9 kg initial weight) were used in a 77 d feeding trial in a randomized complete block design to evaluate the influence of a standardized synbiotic-glyconutrient combination (GLY) on growth performance, dietary energetic, and carcass characteristics of lambs finished during a period of high ambient temperature. Dietary treatments consisted of a high-e ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjas-2020-0202

76. Evaluation of standardized mixture of synbiotic-glyconutrients supplemented in lambs finished during summer season in tropical environment: growth performance, dietary energetics, and carcass characteristics

Author:
Beatriz I. Castro-Pérez; Víctor H. Núñez-Benítez; Alfredo Estrada-Angulo; Jesús D. Urías-Estrada; Soila M. Gaxiola-Camacho; Miguel A. Rodríguez-Gaxiola; Claudio Angulo-Montoya; Alberto Barreras; Richard A. Zinn; Xiomara P. Perea-Domínguez; Alejandro Plascencia
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2021 v.102 no.1 pp. 155-164
ISSN:
1918-1825
Subject:
ambient temperature; average daily gain; body weight; carcass weight; diet; dry matter intake; energy; fat thickness; growth performance; humidity; summer; tropics
Abstract:
... Twenty-four Pelibuey × Katahdin lambs (36.4 ± 2.9 kg initial weight) were used in a 77 d feeding trial in a randomized complete block design to evaluate the influence of a standardized synbiotic-glyconutrient combination (GLY) on growth performance, dietary energetic, and carcass characteristics of lambs finished during a period of high ambient temperature. Dietary treatments consisted of a high-e ...
DOI:
10.1139/CJAS-2020-0202

77. Evaluation of unprotected and rumen-protected L-carnitine in vitro and in vivo

Author:
Lin Zheng; Rui Han; Wei Jiang; Long Chen; Wei Yu; Wei-guang Zhong; Bing-dong Wei
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2021 v.102 no.2 pp. 232-242
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
abomasum; animal science; antioxidant activity; carnitine; crossbreds; diet; encapsulation; fistulated animals; glutathione peroxidase; malondialdehyde; rumen fluids; urea nitrogen
Abstract:
... This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of unprotected and rumen-protected L-carnitine through in vitro tests, rumen degradation tests, and in vivo tests. Twelve rumen-fistulated crossbred rams with similar body weights of 55 ± 3.6 kg and ages of 3 ± 0.2 yr old were divided into three treatment groups in a 3 × 3 Latin square design, G1 (basal diet with no additives), G2 (unprotected L-carni ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjas-2021-0006

78. Fatty acid profile and chemical composition of meat from Nellore steers finished on pasture with different amounts of supplementation

Author:
Robério R. Silva; Ivanor N. do Prado; Fabiano F. da Silva; Polyana P. Rotta; Laoan B.O. Rodrigues; Rodolpho M. do Prado; Bruna M.A. de Carvalho Mesquita; Henry D.R. Alba; Gleidson G.P. de Carvalho
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2021 v.101 no.3 pp. 558-566
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
Nellore; Urochloa brizantha; beef cattle; body weight; fatty acid composition; meat; meat composition; meat quality; pastures; profitability
Abstract:
... The use of supplements to feed grazing ruminants may improve the productivity and profitability of beef cattle productive systems. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different supplementation amounts on the meat quality of Nellore steers finished on pasture. A total of 40 steers were maintained on Brachiaria brizantha ‘Marandu’ pasture and finished on different concentrate supplementation ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjas-2020-0099

79. Genetic diversity in the stress regulatory gene LUMAN/CREB3 of Yorkshire and Meishan pigs

Author:
Shayla Larson; Rong Zhou; Kui Li; Yani Zhang; Mohsen Jafarikia; Renée Bergeron; Ray Lu
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2021 v.101 no.4 pp. 798-804
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
Meishan; animal science; genetic variation; haplotypes; linkage disequilibrium; loci; regulator genes; single nucleotide polymorphism; swine; Ontario
Abstract:
... A candidate-gene high-density single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) scanning approach was used to investigate the swine LUMAN/CREB3 locus for polymorphisms in 232 Ontario Yorkshire and 29 Chinese Meishan pigs. Inter- and intra-breed differences in genetic diversity were characterized. In the Yorkshire breed, eight variations (three coding and five non-coding) were identified. Two linkage disequilib ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjas-2020-0155

80. Genetic variation in LUMAN/CREB3 and association with stress and meat quality traits in Yorkshire pigs

Author:
Shayla Larson; Aitor Arrazola; Rebecca Parra; Krysta Morrissey; Tess Faulkner; Mohsen Jafarikia; Ira Mandell; Renée Bergeron; Ray Lu
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2021 v.101 no.4 pp. 674-686
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
DNA; animal welfare; cortisol; genetic variation; haplotypes; humans; loci; marbling; meat; pork industry; purebreds; regulator genes; slaughter; stress response; stress tolerance; swine
Abstract:
... LUMAN/CREB3 is a stress regulatory gene that affects the activity of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis in mice and presents a promising avenue for exploring variable stress-responsiveness in pigs. Pigs with similar characteristics to LUMAN-deficient mice, including greater resilience to stress and receptivity to human handling, would be valuable in the pork industry from animal welfare and p ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjas-2020-0156

81. Impact of combined xylanase and β-glucanase enzymes on digesta transit time, short-chain fatty acids, and caecal thermal profile of broilers fed corn–soy-based diets

Author:
Guilherme A.M. Pasquali; Tatiane S. dos Santos; Leonardo H. Zanetti; Livia C. Dornelas; Jéssica M. Cruvinel; Everton M. Muro; Robert G.A.C. Araujo; Raimundo G.F. Netto; Juliana C. Denadai; Antonio C. Pezzato; José R. Sartori
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2021 v.102 no.1 pp. 9-18
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
acetic acid; body weight; cecum; digesta; digestibility; energy; ileum; low calorie diet; males; pH; temperature; xylanases
Abstract:
... A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of including a xylanase + β-glucanase enzyme product in corn–soy-based diets on performance, caecal short-chain fatty acids and thermal profile, ileal digestibility, and intestinal kinetics of broiler chickens. A total of 744 male day-old chicks were randomly allotted to 24 floor pens and distributed in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with low or standar ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjas-2021-0032

82. Impact of combined xylanase and β-glucanase enzymes on digesta transit time, short-chain fatty acids, and caecal thermal profile of broilers fed corn–soy-based diets

Author:
Guilherme A.M. Pasquali; Tatiane S. dos Santos; Leonardo H. Zanetti; Livia C. Dornelas; Jéssica M. Cruvinel; Everton M. Muro; Robert G.A.C. Araujo; Raimundo G.F. Netto; Juliana C. Denadai; Antonio C. Pezzato; José R. Sartori
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2021 v.102 no.1 pp. 9-18
ISSN:
1918-1825
Subject:
acetic acid; body weight; cecum; digesta; digestibility; energy; ileum; low calorie diet; males; pH; temperature; xylanases
Abstract:
... A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of including a xylanase + β-glucanase enzyme product in corn–soy-based diets on performance, caecal short-chain fatty acids and thermal profile, ileal digestibility, and intestinal kinetics of broiler chickens. A total of 744 male day-old chicks were randomly allotted to 24 floor pens and distributed in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with low or standar ...
DOI:
10.1139/CJAS-2021-0032

83. Impact of diet type and xylanase supplementation on the ileal digestibility of nutrients, and growth performance in growing-finishing pigs

Author:
Élisabeth Chassé; Laurie Dickner-Ouellet; Frédéric Guay; Candido Pomar; Marie-Pierre Létourneau-Montminy
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2021 v.102 no.1 pp. 85-97
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
acid detergent fiber; average daily gain; body composition; canola meal; corn; diet; digestibility; feed intake; growth performance; ileum; neutral detergent fiber; swine; wheat; xylanases
Abstract:
... In the experiment, six pigs fitted with a T-cannula at the distal ileum were fed six diets in a 6 × 6 Latin square design. Treatments were corn-soybean meal diet (CS), diet containing wheat by-products (WBP), and diet containing corn distillers dried grains with solubles and canola meal (DDCM) without or with xylanase (X) supplementation (CS-X, WBP-X, and DDCM-X). The WBP and DDCM diets had higher ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjas-2021-0024

84. Impact of diet type and xylanase supplementation on the ileal digestibility of nutrients, and growth performance in growing-finishing pigs

Author:
Élisabeth Chassé; Laurie Dickner-Ouellet; Frédéric Guay; Candido Pomar; Marie-Pierre Létourneau-Montminy
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2021 v.102 no.1 pp. 85-97
ISSN:
1918-1825
Subject:
acid detergent fiber; average daily gain; body composition; canola meal; corn; diet; digestibility; feed intake; growth performance; ileum; neutral detergent fiber; swine; wheat; xylanases
Abstract:
... In the experiment, six pigs fitted with a T-cannula at the distal ileum were fed six diets in a 6 × 6 Latin square design. Treatments were corn-soybean meal diet (CS), diet containing wheat by-products (WBP), and diet containing corn distillers dried grains with solubles and canola meal (DDCM) without or with xylanase (X) supplementation (CS-X, WBP-X, and DDCM-X). The WBP and DDCM diets had higher ...
DOI:
10.1139/CJAS-2021-0024

85. Impact of yeast hydrolysate (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) supplementation on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal microflora, noxious gas emission, blood profile, and meat quality of finishing pigs

Author:
Vetriselvi Sampath; Kyudong Han; Shanmugam Sureshkumar; In Ho Kim
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2021 v.102 no.1 pp. 98-107
ISSN:
1918-1825
Subject:
Lactobacillus; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; average daily gain; barrows; blood; body weight; diet; digestibility; drip loss; energy; growth performance; hydrolysates; insulin-like growth factor I; lean meat; meat quality; nitrogen; yeasts
Abstract:
... A total of 90 finishing pigs (52 ± 1.46 kg) were randomly assigned to one of three dietary treatments as: TRT1 [CON (basal diet)], TRT2 [CON + 0.05% yeast hydrolysate (YH)], and TRT3 (CON + 0.1% YH) for an 8 wk trial. Each treatment had six replications and five (three gilts and two barrow) pigs per pen. In weeks 4 and 8, YH supplement linearly increased (P < 0.05) body weight. Moreover, average d ...
DOI:
10.1139/CJAS-2021-0056

86. Impact of yeast hydrolysate (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) supplementation on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal microflora, noxious gas emission, blood profile, and meat quality of finishing pigs

Author:
Vetriselvi Sampath; Kyudong Han; Shanmugam Sureshkumar; In Ho Kim
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2021 v.102 no.1 pp. 98-107
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
Lactobacillus; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; average daily gain; barrows; blood; body weight; diet; digestibility; drip loss; energy; growth performance; hydrolysates; insulin-like growth factor I; lean meat; meat quality; nitrogen; yeasts
Abstract:
... A total of 90 finishing pigs (52 ± 1.46 kg) were randomly assigned to one of three dietary treatments as: TRT1 [CON (basal diet)], TRT2 [CON + 0.05% yeast hydrolysate (YH)], and TRT3 (CON + 0.1% YH) for an 8 wk trial. Each treatment had six replications and five (three gilts and two barrow) pigs per pen. In weeks 4 and 8, YH supplement linearly increased (P < 0.05) body weight. Moreover, average d ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjas-2021-0056

87. Inclusion of probiotic (Lactobacillus plantarum) in high- and low-nutrient-density diets reveals a positive result on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, gas emission, and blood profile in growing pigs

Author:
Vetriselvi Sampath; Jae Hong Park; In Ho Kim
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2021 v.101 no.4 pp. 753-760
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
Lactobacillus plantarum; average daily gain; blood; body weight; diet; digestibility; digestible energy; energy; feed additives; growth performance; immunoglobulins; nitrogen; nutrient density; probiotics
Abstract:
... A total of 160 growing pigs (24.69 ± 1.89 kg) were randomly assigned to one of four treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial design with two different levels of nutrient density diet with or without 0.3% probiotic (Lactobacillus plantarum). Each treatment had eight replicates with five pigs (three gilts and two barrows) per pen. At the end of the trial, pigs fed 0.3% probiotic supplement had significantly ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjas-2021-0026

88. Influence of Ca²⁺ on mitochondrial apoptosis activation and yak meat tenderization during postmortem aging

Author:
Lin-lin Wang; Lian-hong Chen; Jian Li; Rong-sheng Du; Ling Han; Qun-li Yu
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2021 v.101 no.4 pp. 655-666
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
apoptosis; calcium; citrate (si)-synthase; energy metabolism; glycogen; glycolysis; homeostasis; lactic acid; meat; meat tenderness; mitochondria; oxidative stress; pH; reactive oxygen species; tenderizing; yaks
Abstract:
... The objective of this study was to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial Ca²⁺ homeostasis disequilibrium in mitochondrial apoptosis and its impact on yak meat tenderness. Results indicated that CaCl₂ treatment significantly promoted glycolysis by increasing lactic acid level and decreasing glycogen content, pH, and ATP production (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05). The activities o ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjas-2020-0148

89. Long-term steam conditioning is needed to maximize the nutritional value of expander-processed soybean expellers

Author:
Charmaine D. Espinosa; Maryane S.F. Oliveira; Joseph R. Limbach; Natalia S. Fanelli; Markus K. Wiltafsky-Martin; Hans H. Stein
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2021 v.101 no.4 pp. 704-714
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
diet; digestibility; feces; heat treatment; ileum; metabolism; metabolizable energy; soybeans; steam; urine
Abstract:
... Two experiments were conducted to determine standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) and the concentration of metabolizable energy (ME) in non-heat-treated and heat-treated soybean expellers (L-0, L-12, and L-48). L-0 underwent short-term steam conditioning for 60 s, whereas L-12 and L-48 underwent short-term steam conditioning for 60 s and long-term steam conditioning for 12 or ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjas-2021-0029

90. Mandated restrictions on the use of medically important antibiotics in broiler chicken production in Canada: implications, emerging challenges, and opportunities for bolstering gastrointestinal function and health — a review

Author:
Lisa Bean-Hodgins; Elijah G. Kiarie
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2021 v.101 no.4 pp. 602-629
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
Campylobacter; Salmonella; broiler chickens; food safety; gastrointestinal system; mortality; poultry production; prebiotics; probiotics; research and development; risk; Canada
Abstract:
... Chicken Farmers of Canada has been progressively phasing out prophylactic use of antibiotics in broiler chicken production. Consequently, hatcheries, veterinarians, and nutritionists have been mandated to contend with less reliance on the use of preventive antibiotics. A topical concern is the increased risk of proliferation of enteric pathogens leading to poor performance, increased mortality, an ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjas-2021-0015

91. Metabolizable energy in corn is greater than in hybrid rye when fed to gestating sows, but exogenous enzymes did not increase energy digestibility

Author:
Molly L. McGhee; Hans H. Stein
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2021 v.102 no.2 pp. 392-395
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
corn; digestibility; digestible energy; energy; enzymes; metabolizable energy; pregnancy; rye
Abstract:
... The metabolizable energy (ME) in corn was greater (P < 0.05) than in hybrid rye when fed to sows in mid-gestation, although the difference between the two grains was less than the difference previously observed in growing pigs. An exogenous enzyme mixture did not increase apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter or gross energy in corn or hybrid rye fed to gestating sows. Likewise, digesti ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjas-2021-0054

92. Microbial sensing in the neonatal pig gut: effect of diet-independent and diet-dependent factors

Author:
Michael O. Wellington; Atta K. Agyekum; Andrew G. Van Kessel
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2021 v.101 no.2 pp. 201-209
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
ammonia; animal science; diet; digestive system; fermentation; hydrogen sulfide; inflammation; intestinal microorganisms; microbial communities; neonates; short chain fatty acids; swine
Abstract:
... There is considerable agreement that the gastrointestinal microbiota contributes to the performance and health of the neonate, and this relationship includes an ability of the host animal to “sense” changes in the microbial community. Identifying the mechanisms used by the host to sense microbiota is one approach to developing methods to manipulate the microbiota to improve pig health and performa ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjas-2020-0051

93. Performance of phytoncide (Pinus koraiensis extract) as an alternative to zinc oxide supplementation in weaning pig diet

Author:
Woo Jeong Seok; Md Raihanul Hoque; Subin Serpunja; In Ho Kim
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2021 v.101 no.4 pp. 745-752
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
Escherichia coli; Pinus koraiensis; aspartate transaminase; average daily gain; blood; body weight; diet; digestibility; growth performance; plate count; swine; zinc oxide
Abstract:
... This study was implemented to assess the effect of Pinus koraiensis extract (PKE) compared with zinc oxide on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profile, fecal bacterial count, and fecal gas emission of post-weaned pigs. This 6 wk experiment was divided into phase 1 (days 1–7), phase 2 (days 8–21), and phase 3 (days 22–42). A total of 150 crossbred weaning pigs (body weight; 10.14 ± ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjas-2021-0008

94. Physiochemical characterization and energy contents of novel corn ethanol co-product streams, with and without inclusion of a multi-carbohydrase enzyme blend, for growing pigs

Author:
Melanie Boucher; Cuilan Zhu; Sheena Holt; Lee-Anne Huber
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2021 v.101 no.2 pp. 353-361
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
body weight; coproducts; corn; energy; enzymes; ethanol; feed composition; ingredients; landraces; nutritive value; soybean meal; starch; urine
Abstract:
... The physiochemical properties and digestible, metabolizable, and predicted net energy contents in high-protein dried distillers’ grain (HiPro) were determined to assess the nutritive value for growing pigs. Twelve Yorkshire × Landrace barrows (initial body weight 25 ± 0.5 kg) were used in a partially replicated Latin square design over three periods (n = 7 or 8) and assigned to one of five experim ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjas-2020-0144

95. Postembryonic developmental changes in ovarian histology and associated 17β-oestradiol and progesterone profiles in guinea hens (Numida meleagris)

Author:
Ibn Iddriss Abdul-Rahman; Ian Jeffcoate
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2021 v.101 no.4 pp. 771-780
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
estradiol; guineafowl; hens; histology; morphometry; oocytes; progesterone; sexual development
Abstract:
... There is a paucity of information on the reproductive biology of guinea hens. A study was conducted to document postembryonic developmental changes in the ovarian histology and associated progesterone and 17β-oestradiol profiles until 32 wk of age (WOA). Highly significant increases (P < 0.001) were noticed in oocyte and follicular diameters beyond 16 WOA. Other ovarian follicular morphometric tra ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjas-2020-0195

96. Pre- and post-weaning performance of piglets offered different types of creep feed

Author:
Jade M. Sands; Lucas A. Rodrigues; Michael O. Wellington; Josiane C. Panisson; Daniel A. Columbus
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2021 v.102 no.1 pp. 189-193
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
animal science; farrowing; growth performance
Abstract:
... We determined the impact of creep feed provision and type on pre- and post-weaning growth performance of piglets. At 2 wk post farrow, litters (n = 50) were given no creep feed or provided a simple creep feed, a complex creep feed, or both until weaning at ∼28 d. Creep feed, regardless of type, resulted in increased growth (P < 0.05) of piglets in the final week pre-weaning and immediate week post ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjas-2021-0038

97. Pre- and post-weaning performance of piglets offered different types of creep feed

Author:
Jade M. Sands; Lucas A. Rodrigues; Michael O. Wellington; Josiane C. Panisson; Daniel A. Columbus
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2021 v.102 no.1 pp. 189-193
ISSN:
1918-1825
Subject:
animal science; farrowing; growth performance
Abstract:
... We determined the impact of creep feed provision and type on pre- and post-weaning growth performance of piglets. At 2 wk post farrow, litters (n = 50) were given no creep feed or provided a simple creep feed, a complex creep feed, or both until weaning at ∼28 d. Creep feed, regardless of type, resulted in increased growth (P < 0.05) of piglets in the final week pre-weaning and immediate week post ...
DOI:
10.1139/CJAS-2021-0038

98. Pre-farrow enrichment with burlap sheet: potential benefit for sow performance

Author:
Mark Fynn; Gary Crow; Laurie Connor
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2021 v.101 no.4 pp. 781-787
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
Canadians; burl wood; burlap; data analysis; farrowing; farrowing crates; fetal death; floors; journals; measurement; piglets; sowing; sows; weaning
Abstract:
... Burlap has been proposed as an enrichment option for the conventional farrowing crate environment. Our objectives were to determine if burlap sheets hung in farrowing crates were used by sows and piglets and had any effect on farrowing and litter performance. Before sow entry, a sterilized burlap sheet (165 cm × 60 cm) was attached to every second farrowing crate so that it hung to the floor with ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjas-2021-0027

99. Pre-slaughter road transportation times: meat quality and sensory properties of Nellore bull meat

Author:
Natália Gomes Lacerda; Rafael Mezzomo; Ivanna Moraes de Oliveira; Kaliandra Souza Alves; Luis Rennan Sampaio de Oliveira; Mychelle Cristina Alves Santos; Ramon Rodrigo Ferreira Lima; Daiany Iris Gomes
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2021 v.102 no.1 pp. 30-38
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
Nellore; creatine kinase; flavor; longissimus muscle; meat; meat tenderness; odors; pH; road transportation; sarcomeres; sensory evaluation; slaughter; vertebrae
Abstract:
... This study evaluated the effects of different pre-slaughter road transportation times on sensory evaluation and instrumental measurements of Nellore cattle meat quality. About 15 farms were classified according to transportation times (five farms per transportation time group) as follows: 1 — less than 2 h (<2), 2 — between 2 and 4 h (>2 and ≤4), and 3 — between 4 and 6 h (>4 and ≤6). The experime ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjas-2020-0032

100. Pre-slaughter road transportation times: meat quality and sensory properties of Nellore bull meat

Author:
Natália Gomes Lacerda; Rafael Mezzomo; Ivanna Moraes de Oliveira; Kaliandra Souza Alves; Luis Rennan Sampaio de Oliveira; Mychelle Cristina Alves Santos; Ramon Rodrigo Ferreira Lima; Daiany Iris Gomes
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2021 v.102 no.1 pp. 30-38
ISSN:
1918-1825
Subject:
Nellore; creatine kinase; flavor; longissimus muscle; meat; meat tenderness; odors; pH; road transportation; sarcomeres; sensory evaluation; slaughter; vertebrae
Abstract:
... This study evaluated the effects of different pre-slaughter road transportation times on sensory evaluation and instrumental measurements of Nellore cattle meat quality. About 15 farms were classified according to transportation times (five farms per transportation time group) as follows: 1 — less than 2 h (<2), 2 — between 2 and 4 h (>2 and ≤4), and 3 — between 4 and 6 h (>4 and ≤6). The experime ...
DOI:
10.1139/CJAS-2020-0032