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... 12-Oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA) plays unique roles in plant defenses against biotic and abiotic stresses. In the current study, we infested two resistant wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars, ‘Molly’ and ‘Iris’, with an avirulent Hessian fly population and determined the impact of exogenous OPDA application on wheat resistance to the insect under heat stress. We observed that Molly and Iris trea ...
... The time required for sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) to grow one internode was estimated to be 10 d. In 1983, the largest increase in bored internodes occurred in 10-d-old internodes. The percentage bored internodes (cumulative with internode age) increased with internode age until internodes were 70-80 d old, then remained constant near 55% bored internodes. In 1984, the percentage bored internodes i ...
... Heat stress compromises wheat resistance to Hessian fly (HF, Mayetiola destructor (Say)) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) infestation. The objective of this research is to analyze the molecular basis of heat-induced loss of wheat resistance to HF infestation using RNA Sequencing (RNA-seq). To this end, two resistant wheat cultivars ‘Molly' and ‘Caldwell’ containing the resistance genes H13 and H6, respect ...
... A wide range of susceptibility exists across elm (Ulmus) species and hybrids to the elm leaf beetle, Pyrrhalta luteola (Müller) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). We evaluated various elm species, hybrids, or cultivars (taxa) growing in an experimental plantation in the city of Holbrook, AZ, for leaf anatomical (toughness and trichome density) and nutritional (minerals and sugars) traits that may be ass ...
... Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) is a major pest of cowpea, (Vigna unguiculata [L] Walp.) (Fabales: Fabaceae), and to date, few tactics are available to control this pest.This study was conducted to evaluate whether cowpea commercial cultivars and landrace varieties express antibiosis to S. frugiperda. The commercial cultivars were developed by the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Em ...
... Fifty cultivars of taro, Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott (Araceae), collected from islands in Micronesia and Polynesia, eight cultivars from the University of Hawaii's taro germplasm collection, and a closely related aroid, Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) (Araceae), were screened for antibiosis and antixenosis to Aphis gossypii Glover. Life history data for A. gossypii were collected by assessing su ...
Pisum sativum; cultivars; pest resistance; antibiosis; Acyrthosiphon pisum; Manitoba
Abstract:
... Life tables and host preference tests were used to assess the resistance of six cultivars of field peas, Pisum sativum L., to pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), in the laboratory. Antibiosis resistance in 'Tipu' and 'Century' was expressed as decreased aphid fecundity and longevity. Although differences in the reproductive rate were considerable, because prereproductive periods were similar ...
Metopolophium dirhodum; Triticum aestivum; Triticum turgidum subsp. dicoccon; antibiosis; cultivars; entomology; environmental sustainability; genes; life tables; population growth; population size; spring wheat
Abstract:
... Yield losses caused by pests, including aphids, can be substantial in cereals. Breeding for resistance against aphids is therefore desirable for enhancing the economic and environmental sustainability of cereal production. The aim of our study was to reveal the degree of antibiosis against Metopolophium dirhodum (Walker) (Homoptera: Aphididae), in four cultivars of spring wheat, Triticum aestivum ...
... High levels of antibiotic resistance to the cercopid Aeneolamia varia (F.) were identified in accessions of the forage grass Brachiaria by means of a glasshouse bioassay. Emergence of adults from pots of Brachiaria spp. infested with eggs of A. varia ranged from 55 to 83% and 56 to 80% on susceptible B. decumbens Stapf cv. Basilisk and B. dictyoneura (Fig. & De Not.) Stapf cv. Llanero, respectivel ...
... The aim of the study was to explore the acceptability of 14 species, varieties, and cultivars of grain legumes (Fabales: Fabaceae) to the pea aphid, by investigating the aphid probing behavior using the electrical penetration graph (EPG) technique. Phaseolus coccineus L. ‘Felicia’, Pisum sativum L. ‘Medal’, P. sativum arvense (L.) Poir. ‘Fidelia’ and ‘Hubal’, and Vicia faba L. ‘Dragon’ are highly ...
... Integrated pest management (IPM) guidelines for horticulture are typically established from years of experimental research and experience for a crop species. Ecoinformatics methods can help to quickly adapt these guidelines following major changes in growing practices. Citrus production in California is facing several major challenges, one of which is a shift away from sweet oranges [Citrus sinens ...
... Survival of nymphs and adult males and females of potato leafhopper, Empoasca fabae (Harris), on six potato (Solanum spp.) genotypes with varied levels of resistance was evaluated and related to type, density, and droplet/head size of foliar glandular trichomes. Survival was greater on Solanum tuberosum cultivars ('Allegany' and 'Elba') compared with accessions of the wild S. berthaultii (PI 47333 ...
... Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is a polyphagous species frequently associated with the presence of sooty mold and viruses lethal to plants. The purpose of this work was to characterize possible resistance categories of cotton genotypes against A. gossypii. Initially, a preliminary test was carried out with 78 genotypes, 15 of which were selected for infestation ability assays and the ...
... Resistance to the Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko), was assessed in five genotypes of barley, Hordeum vulgare L. The barley genotypes were API/CM67//AGER/3/GLORIA/COME/4/79W40762 (S4), BARBEROUSSE/P.STO// GLORIA/COPAL (S6), RHODES/CI14100//LIGNEE527 (S8), GLORIA/COME (S13), and 'ESPERANZA' (S16). Field screening indicated S4, S6, S8, and S13 were resistant to D. noxia, and S16, a r ...
cultivars; Epichloe festucae var. lolii; Lolium perenne; crop damage; Acremonium; larvae; pest resistance; mortality; Blissus leucopterus
Abstract:
... Laboratory tests demonstrated that 'Repell,' a cultivar of perennial ryegrass, Lolium perenne L., infected with the fungal endophyte, Acremonium lolii Latch, Christensen & Samuels, exhibited a high level of insect resistance to the hairy chinch bug, Blissus leucopterus hirtus Montandon. First and third instars and adult hairy chinch bugs reared on endophyte-infected plants had significantly lower ...
... The widespread use of transgenic technologies has led to the emergence of insect populations resistant to Bt toxins. Some lepidopteran pest species also appear to naturally have some level of tolerance to certain proteins, such as some species of Spodoptera to Cry1Ac. One of the main strategies to manage resistance is the use of refuge areas, the success of which is in part dependent on larval mov ...
... Experiments were conducted to determine whether the beet leafhopper, Circulifer tenellus (Baker) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), transmits the purple top phytoplasma to potato, Solanum tuberosum L.; beets, Beta vulgaris L.; and selected weed hosts. The beet leafhopper-transmitted virescence agent (BLTVA) phytoplasma was identified as the causal agent of the potato purple top disease outbreaks that rece ...
... Whitefly honeydew contamination resulting in sticky cotton lint is a significant problem in the textile industry throughout the world. We conducted studies in 1995 and 1996 to determine the effects of cotton cultivars, cotton plant densities, and insecticides on Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring populations and the subsequent effects on honeydew cotton lint contamination. In 1995, cotton plan ...
Gossypium; cultivars; Bemisia tabaci; chemical control; oviposition; greenhouse experimentation; Arizona; California
Abstract:
... The sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), was studied under greenhouse conditions to determine times of adult ecdysis and precopulatory pairing behavior and to observe its selection of host plants. In March, ecdysis of adults in a greenhouse began at 0800 hours and reached a peak at from 1000 to 1200 hours on one day and from 0800 to 1000 hours the next day. Ecdysis continued through t ...
... Canadian and United States (US) insect resistance management (IRM) programs for lepidopteran pests in Bacillus thuriengiensis (Bt)-expressing crops are optimally designed for Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner in corn (Zea mays L.) and Chloridea virescens Fabricius in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Both Bt corn and cotton express a high dose for these pests; however, there are many other target pests for ...
... A 10-wk study of the avocado seed-feeding moth Stenoma catenifer Walsingham (Lepidoptera: Elachistidae), was conducted in a commercial 'Hass' avocado (Persea americana Miller [Lauraceae]) orchard in Guatemala. Up to 45% of fruit in the orchard were damaged by larval S. catenifer. Larval-to-adult survivorship for 1,881 S. catenifer larvae in Hass fruit was 37%, and adult sex ratio was 51% female. F ...
... Schizotetranychus oryzae Rossi de Simons attains pest level in rice crops. This study aimed to evaluate the biological features of Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) feeding on S. oryzae on leaves of flooded rice. We also evaluated N. californicus behavior in response to S. oryzae and conspecific cues. Thirty-two eggs were individually placed in arenas on rice leaves and fed on S. oryzae for the b ...
... The almond moth, Cadra cautella (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), is a serious worldwide pest of dates and other crops, both in the field and in storage. Infestation by this pest significantly limits the sale and export of dates. Modified atmospheres, the temperature manipulations, are the best eco-friendly alternatives in stored product protection. We examined temperature regulation as an ecolog ...
... This work describes the results of an experiment that was conducted in the vineyard of the American Farm School, Thermi, Thessaloniki Greece, during 2001. Its aim was to study the efficacy of two formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (wettable powder and dust) to control the larvae of Lobesia botrana Denis & Schiffermueler (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). The experimental results showed that ...
Crambidae; Ligustrum lucidum; Olea europaea; alternative hosts; cultivars; eggs; fecundity; females; groves; instars; larvae; life tables; longevity; olives; oviposition; pests; photophase; population growth; pupae; rearing; relative humidity; sex ratio; temperature; viability; Brazil
Abstract:
... Palpita forficifera Munroe, 1959 (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is the main pest of the olive tree (Olea europaea L. Oleaceae) in Brazil. This study investigated the biology of P. forficifera reared on different hosts and elaborated the corresponding fertility life table for a better understanding of its development. Biology of P. forficifera was studied using olive cultivars Arbequina, Arbosana and Kor ...
... The accumulated damage from elephant weevil larvae, Orthorhinus cylindrirostris (F.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), reduces blueberry yield and shortens the productive lifespan of blueberry plants by several years. Selective breeding to develop pest-resistant blueberry cultivars is a possible control option, but the relationship between O. cylindrirostris populations, plant damage, and blueberry yie ...
... Oviposition resistance-nonpreference of boll weevils, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman, was measured on day-neutral (flowering response not sensitive to day-length) lines of primitive cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L. Six of nine lines (T-109DN, T-277-2-6DN, T-330DN, T-759DN, T-763DN, and T-790DN) had significantly less boll weevil oviposition and significantly fewer boll weevil-damaged squares than ...
... Genetically modified cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., cultivars ('Bollgard') that produce crystalline proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner) are valuable tools for managing lepidopteran insect pests in the United States. However, high numbers of bollworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), larvae have been observed feeding in white flowers of these cultivars. Fresh tissue bioassays were conducted to ...
Citrus; cultivars; Aonidiella aurantii; males; phenology; insect traps; monitoring; pheromones; South Africa
Abstract:
... Male California red scale, Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell), were monitored with sticky traps which incorporated synthetic female pheromone in rubber septa at six climatically different locations in South Africa. The males exhibited a two- or three-cohort population structure on citrus and resulted in four to six generations per year on orange trees, Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck (verus three to four g ...
... The English grain aphid, Sitobion avenae (F.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is a common worldwide pest of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The use of improved resistant cultivars by the farmers is the most effective and environmentally friendly method to control this aphid in the field. The winter wheat genotypes 98-10-35 and Amigo are resistant to S. avenae. To identify genes responsible for resistance to ...
... In this study, we investigated the influence of cultivar type, fruit ripeness, and damage by conspecific larvae on the attraction of Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart) (Diptera: Tephritidae) to and oviposition on carambola fruit (Averroha carambola L.). The attraction of both sexes of A. obliqua to fruit of different quality was evaluated through cage experiments in the field, and the oviposition prefe ...
... Although elevated levels of carbon dioxide have been used in controlled atmosphere treatments with low oxygen levels for a number of deciduous crops, the use of much higher concentrations of carbon dioxide followed by a short cold treatment for citrus was only suggested as a viable option for disinfestation in 2005. Carbon dioxide alone, for a period of 24 h at concentrations up to 70% in air caus ...
... This study was designed to categorize the resistance to the Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko), resistant hard red winter wheat, Halt, as compared with susceptible wheat, TAM 107, at four different growth stages. Antixenosis was expressed in Halt at growth stage Zadoks 30. Antibiosis in Halt affected fecundity, number of aphids produced per reproductive day, maximum number of nymphs ...
Triticum; cultivars; pest resistance; Diuraphis noxia; Idaho; South Africa
Abstract:
... Wheat cultivars previously identified as resistant to the Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko), in South Africa and in Idaho were evaluated in the greenhouse to determine the categories of resistance in operation. All test entries tested possessed a significant level of tolerance to D. noxia feeding, based on percentage reductions in plant height. Twenty-one days after infestation, D. ...
... Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) in Louisiana is colonized by two aphid species, the sugarcane aphid, Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner), and the yellow sugarcane aphid, Sipha flava (Forbes) (Hemiptera: Aphididae). The main problem associated with M. sacchari is transmission of sugarcane yellow leaf virus, a casual agent of yellow leaf disease whose absence has been added to certification standards for micr ...
... We evaluated selected soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., genotypes during their reproductive stages for resistance to the soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae), under greenhouse conditions and documented the categories of aphid-resistant soybean. Two screening studies were performed to assess the level of resistance to the soybean aphid on six soybean genotypes during the re ...
G. J Puterka; K. L. Giles; M. J. Brown; S. J. Nicholson; R. W. Hammon; F. B. Peairs; T. L. Randolph; G. J. Michaels; E. D. Bynum; T. L. Springer; J. S. Armstrong; D. W. Mornhinweg
cultivars; barley; Diuraphis noxia; plant-insect relations; wheat; biotypes; genes; planting; genetic variation; population; pest resistance; Texas; Great Plains region; Colorado
Abstract:
... A key component of Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Kurdjumov), management has been through planting resistant wheat cultivars. A new biotype, RWA2, appeared in 2003 which caused widespread damage to wheat cultivars containing the Dn4 gene. Biotypic diversity in Russian wheat aphid populations has not been addressed since 2005 when RWA2 dominated the biotype complex. Our objectives were to de ...
Diuraphis noxia; Triticum; altitude; biotypes; climate; crop production; cultivars; genetic relationships; genetic structure; host plants; industry; monitoring; pests; spring; summer; surveys; wheat; Central Asia; South Africa
Abstract:
... Russian wheat aphid Diuraphis noxia (Kurdjumov) has spread from its native area in central Asia to all the major wheat-producing countries in the world to become an international wheat pest. Because the Russian wheat aphid is a serious threat to the wheat industry in South Africa, it is important to investigate the key factors involved in the distribution of Russian wheat aphid biotypes and in the ...
... The black pecan aphid, Melanocallis caryaefoliae (Davis) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is a foliar feeder of pecan, Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch (Juglandaceae). The pest causes chlorosis of leaflet lamina, physiological damage to foliage and trees, and commonly limits the profitability of commercial pecan orchard enterprises. However, key aspects of this host-pest interaction are poorly unders ...
... Larval survival and mining damage by Plutella xylostella (L.) were significantly lesson 10 glossy-leaf Brassica oleracea L. genotypes with different genetic backgrounds than on eight controls with normal waxy bloom. Leaf surface wax crystallite density and total amount of leaf wax explained 69% of the variation in larval survival on the genotypes, based on linear regression analysis. The glossy ge ...
... Resistance to insect pests can be found in several native, landrace plants and can be an important alternative to conventional control methods. Diabrotica speciosa (Germar) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) larvae are important maize (Zea mays L.) (Cyperales: Poaceae) root pests and finding native resistance in landraces would greatly contribute to maize-breeding programs aimed at controlling this pest. ...
Cephus cinctus; Hordeum vulgare; Triticum; antibiosis; antixenosis; breeding lines; breeding programs; crop rotation; cultivars; cutting; genetic variation; germplasm; larvae; mortality; parasitism; spring barley; stems; wheat; Great Plains region
Abstract:
... Most barley cultivars have some degree of resistance to the wheat stem sawfly (WSS), Cephus cinctus Norton (Hymenoptera: Cephidae). Damage caused by WSS is currently observed in fields of barley grown in the Northern Great Plains, but the impact of WSS damage among cultivars due to genetic differences within the barley germplasm is not known. Specifically, little is known about the mechanisms unde ...
... Resistance of wild and cultivated rice bean (Vigna umbellata [Thunberg] Ohwi and Ohashi) to three bruchid species, Callosobruchus chinensis L., Callosobruchus maculatus F., and Callosobruchus analis F., was evaluated. All but three accessions of cultivated, and all wild rice bean accessions tested, exhibited complete resistance to all three bruchid species. Rice bean seeds with seed coat removed a ...
... Host-plant resistance (HPR) remains a vital tool to manage soybean aphid (Aphis glycines Matsumura), a major pest of soybean in Midwestern United States and southern Canada. HPR can be overcome by virulent biotypes of A. glycines; thus, in order to increase the durability of resistant cultivars, HPR needs to be deployed strategically. To improve the strategic deployment, a complete understanding o ...
... Chemical characteristics of normal, woolly apple aphid-damaged, and mechanically damaged twigs of six apple cultivars: Red Fuji, Golden Delicious, Qinguan, Zhaojin108, Starkrimson, and Red General, were examined in autumn wood to provide a better understanding of factors related to cultivar resistance to the woolly apple aphid, Eriosoma lanigerum (Hausmann). Chemical measures examined included sol ...
... Three ‘Red Delicious,' Malus domestica Borkhausen (Rosales: Rosaceae), apple plantings, each representing a different sport, were evaluated for natural resistance against the obliquebanded leafroller (OBLR), Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris). The establishment of neonate larvae on apple foliage was not different between the three ‘Red Delicious' plantings. Of the three ‘Red Delicious' plantings, th ...
... Choice and no-choice studies were conducted to determine the categories (antibiosis, antixenosis, and tolerance) of resistance of four buffalograsses (NE91-118, 'Bonnie Brae', 'Cody', and 'Tatanka') previously identified as resistant to the western chinch bug, Blissus occiduus Barber. Antibiosis studies found no significant differences in western chinch bug fecundity, nymphal development, or survi ...
Bemisia tabaci; Citrullus lanatus; antibiosis; antixenosis; body size; crop damage; cultivars; entomology; genetic background; leaves; odors; olfactometers; pest resistance; toxicity; vines; watermelons; East Asia
Abstract:
... Members of the highly polyphagous Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) species complex cause major crop damage by feeding and by transmitting plant viruses.The Middle East-Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1) of the B. tabaci complex is by far the most problematic whitefly affecting crops including cultivated watermelon (Citrullus lanatus; Cucurbitaceae: Cucurbitales). Watermelon cultivars share a ...