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... Scale drop disease virus (SDDV) is one of the most important pathogens that causes scale drop disease (SDD) in Asian sea bass (Lates calcarifer). The outbreaks of this disease are one of the factors causing substantial losses in Asian sea bass aquaculture. In this study, the uracil‐DNA glycosylase (UDG)‐supplemented cross‐priming amplification (UCPA) combined with a colorimetric detection method u ...
... Pancreas disease (PD) is a serious challenge in European salmonid aquaculture caused by salmonid alphavirus (SAV). In this study, we report the effect of immunization of Atlantic salmon with three attenuated infectious SAV3 strains with targeted mutations in a glycosylation site of the envelope E2 protein and/or in a nuclear localization signal in the capsid protein. In a pilot experiment, it was ...
Gasterosteus aculeatus; Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus; Iridovirus; Osphronemus; Turbot reddish body iridovirus; aquaculture; biosecurity; cell lines; coat proteins; cytoplasm; freshwater; genes; kidneys; marine fish; mortality; necrosis; nucleocapsid; phylogeny; spleen; transmission electron microscopy; viruses; India; South East Asia
Abstract:
... Megalocytivirus cause diseases that have serious economic impacts on aquaculture, mainly in East and South‐East Asia. Five primary genotypes are known: infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV), red sea bream iridovirus (RSIV), turbot reddish body iridovirus (TRBIV), threespine stickleback iridovirus (TSIV) and scale drop disease virus (SDDV). ISKNV‐mediated infectious spleen and kidney ...
... White tail disease (WTD) is a disease of Macrobrachium rosenbergii caused by Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus (MrNV) and extra small virus (XSV) with the potential to devastate the aquaculture industry. The present study aimed to explore the possible protection of M. rosenbergii against the disease by oral administration of bacterially expressed recombinant capsid proteins of MrNV and XSV. Juve ...
... Koi herpesvirus (KHV) is an emerging pathogen of koi and common carp that causes a severe disease and mass mortality of infected fish. The KHV ORF72 protein is an important capsid protein that has been suggested to be a candidate for the development of diagnostic reagents and KHV vaccines. The purpose of this study was to clone and express the KHV ORF72 gene for further preparation of a specific m ...
... A group of pathogenic nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses (NCLDVs) related to the Mimiviridae family infect farmed sturgeons across Europe, causing mild‐to‐severe losses. One of these viruses, Acipenser iridovirus‐European (AcIV‐E), was identified in six sturgeon species. During the 2018–2019 period, nine sick Siberian (A. baerii) and Russian (A. gueldenstaedtii) sturgeons were sampled in Ukrainia ...
... Betanodavirus reassortant strains (RGNNV/SJNNV) isolated from Senegalese sole harbour an SJNNV capsid featuring several changes with respect to the SJNNV‐type strain, sharing three hallmark substitutions. Here, we have employed recombinant strains harbouring mutations in these positions (r20 and r20 + 247 + 270) and have demonstrated that the three substitutions affect different steps of the viral ...
... Members of the Iridoviridae family have been considered as aetiological agents of iridovirus diseases, causing fish mortalities and economic losses all over the world. Virus identification based on candidate gene sequencing is faster, more accurate and more reliable than other traditional phenotype methodologies. Iridoviridae viruses are covered by a protein shell (capsid) encoded by the important ...
... Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus (MrNV) has been threatening the giant freshwater prawn aquaculture since 1997, causing white tail disease in the prawn species that leads to 100% lethality of the infected postlarvae. Comprehension of the viral infectivity and pathogenesis at molecular biology level has recently resolved the viral capsid protein and evidenced the significant difference in the vi ...
... An outbreak of a Megalocytivirus infection was found in the golden mandarin fish Siniperca scherzeri during September and October 2016, in Korea. Phylogeny and genetic diversity based on the major capsid protein (MCP) and adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) genes showed a new strain. Designated as GMIV, this strain derived from the golden mandarin fish was suggested to belong to the red sea bream ir ...
... Progressive research has been recently made in dissecting the molecular biology of Betanodavirus life cycle, the causative pathogen of viral encephalopathy and retinopathy in economic important marine fish species. Establishment of betanodavirus infectious clone allows the manipulation of virus genome for functional genomic study, which elucidates the biological event of the viral life cycle at mo ...
... Iridoviridae are known to cause disease in sturgeons in North America. Here, histological and molecular methods were used to screen for this family of virus in sturgeons from various European farms with low‐to‐high morbidity. Some histological samples revealed basophilic cells in the gill and labial epithelia, strongly suggesting the accumulation of iridovirus particles. Newly developed generic PC ...
... In 2013, an outbreak of ulcerative disease associated with ranavirus infection occurred in barcoo grunter, Scortum barcoo (McCulloch & Waite), farms in Thailand. Affected fish exhibited extensive haemorrhage and ulceration on skin and muscle. Microscopically, the widespread haemorrhagic ulceration and necrosis were noted in gill, spleen and kidney with the presence of intracytoplasmic eosinophilic ...
... Redspotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV) is one of the most devastating pathogens in the aquaculture of the grouper, Epinephlus sp., worldwide. The early and rapid diagnosis of RGNNV is important for the prevention of RGNNV infection. In this study, an aptamer (A10)‐based sandwich enzyme‐linked apta‐sorbent assay (ELASA) was developed for RGNNV diagnosis. This sandwich ELASA showed high s ...
... Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus (MrNV) and extra small virus (XSV) have been identified as the causative agents for white tail disease (WTD) of M. rosenbergii. In this study, the gene sequences encoding MrNV and XSV capsid proteins were separately ligated into the pGEX‐4T‐3 expression vector and transformed into Escherichia coli. After induction, glutathione‐S‐transferase (GST)‐tagged MrNV and ...
... The genus Megalocytivirus is known to infect a wide range of cultured marine fish. In this study, we examined the pathogenicity of FLIV (Megalocytivirus from olive flounder, genotype III) and RBIV (Megalocytivirus from rock bream, genotype I) to their homologous and heterologous host species. Olive flounder (7.5 ± 1.3 cm) injected with FLIV [major capsid protein (MCP) gene copies, 6.8 × 10³–6.5 × ...
... Viral encephalopathy and retinopathy disease caused by betanodavirus, genus of the family Nodaviridae, affects marine, wild and farmed species including sea bass, one of the most important farmed species in Europe. This work describes a reliable and sensitive indirect ELISA assay to detect betanodavirus in biological samples using a polyclonal antiserum (pAb 283) against the 283/I09 virus strain, ...
... This report documents an emerging trend of identification of Megalocytivirus‐like inclusions in a range of ornamental fish species intercepted during quarantine detention at the Australian border. From September 2012 to February 2013, 5 species of fish that had suffered mortality levels in excess of 25% whilst in the post‐entry quarantine and had Megalocytivirus‐like inclusion bodies in histologic ...
... Betanodavirus infection was diagnosed in larvae of farm‐raised tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (L.), in central Thailand. Extensive vacuolar degeneration and neuronal necrosis were observed in histological sections with positive immunohistochemical staining for betanodavirus. Molecular phylogenetic analysis was performed based on the nucleotide sequences (1333 bases) of the capsid protein gene. The ...
DNA-directed DNA polymerase; Epinephelus; Megalocytivirus; Ranavirus; coat proteins; cytoplasm; genes; giant cells; grouper; inclusion bodies; mariculture; membrane proteins; pathogens; phylogeny; ribonucleotide reductase; viruses; China; South East Asia
Abstract:
... Grouper Epinephelus spp. is one of the most important mariculture fish species in China and South‐East Asian countries. The emerging viral diseases, evoked by iridovirus which belongs to genus Megalocytivirus and Ranavirus, have been well characterized in recent years. To date, few data on lymphocystis disease in grouper which caused by lymphocystis disease virus (LCDV) were described. Here, a nov ...
Cyprinus carpio; Santee-Cooper ranavirus; amino acid sequences; cell culture; cell membranes; coat proteins; electron microscopy; fish farms; genes; kidneys; koi; mortality; pathogenicity; polymerase chain reaction; sequence analysis; swimming; virus transmission; viruses; India; North America
Abstract:
... We investigated mass mortalities of koi, Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758, experienced in South Indian fish farms by virus isolation, electron microscopy, PCR detection, sequencing of capsid protein gene and transmission studies. Samples of moribund koi brought to the laboratory suffered continuous mortality exhibiting swimming abnormalities, intermittent surfacing and skin darkening. Irido‐like vir ...
... ‘Gold standard’ OIE reference PCR assay was utilized to detect the presence of infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) in freshwater ornamental fish from Malaysia. From total of 210 ornamental fish samples representing 14 species, ISKNV was detected in 36 samples representing 5 fish species. All positive cases did not show any clinical signs of ISKNV. Three restriction enzymes analyses ...
... White tail disease (WTD) caused by Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus (MrNV) and extra small virus (XSV) is a serious problem in prawn hatcheries. The gene for capsid protein of MrNV (MCP43) was cloned into pRSET B expression vector. The MCP43 protein was expressed as a protein with a 6‐histidine tag in Escherichia coli GJ1158 with NaCl induction. This recombinant protein, which was used to raise ...
... An attempt was made to determine the replication efficiency of hepatopancreatic parvo‐like virus (HPV) of shrimp in different organs of freshwater rice‐field crab Paratelphusa hydrodomous (Herbst) using bioassay, PCR, RT‐PCR, ELISA, Western blot and q‐PCR analyses. Another attempt was made to use this crab as an alternative to penaeid shrimp for the large‐scale production of HPV. This crab was fou ...
... Although the major capsid proteins (MCPs) of lymphocystis disease virus (LCDV) have been characterized, little is known about the host-derived immune response to MCPs and other LCDV antigenic proteins. To identify antigenic proteins of LCDV that could be used as vaccine candidates in olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, we analysed the viral proteins responsible for its virulence by applying im ...
... Megalocytiviruses have been associated globally with severe systemic disease and economic loss in farmed food fish and ornamental fish. The viruses have been spread internationally by translocation of live fish. In New Zealand, megalocytiviruses are regarded as exotic. A potential pathway for introduction has been identified, namely imported ornamental fish. In the present study, real-time PCR ass ...
DNA-directed DNA polymerase; European Union; Iridovirus; Ranavirus; coat proteins; disease prevalence; fish industry; imports; international trade; nucleotide sequences; ornamental fish; polymerase chain reaction; surveys; transmission electron microscopy; viruses
Abstract:
... A survey was performed on ornamental fish imported into the EU to detect viral agents belonging to the genus Ranavirus. The objective was to gain knowledge of the potential for these systemic iridoviruses to gain entry into the EU via international trade in ornamental fish. A total of 208 pooled samples, representing 753 individual fish, were tested. The samples included 13 orders and 37 families, ...
... Finfish nodaviruses (betanodaviruses) can cause highly destructive infections in numerous species of farmed marine fish larvae and juveniles worldwide. The betanodavirus genome consists of two single-stranded positive-sense RNA molecules (RNA1 and RNA2). The virus can be classified into four genotypes based on the partial sequences of the coat protein (CP) gene (T2 and T4 regions). Currently, geno ...
European catfish virus; Iridovirus; Santee-Cooper ranavirus; Singapore grouper iridovirus; amphibians; animal health; coat proteins; disease reservoirs; epizootic diseases; financial economics; genes; host specificity; hosts; issues and policy; monitoring; mortality; ornamental fish; pathogens; reptiles; taxonomy; trade; uncertainty; viruses; Asia; Australia; Europe; North America; South America
Abstract:
... Viruses in three genera of the family Iridoviridae (iridoviruses) affect finfish. Ranaviruses and megalocytiviruses are recently emerged pathogens. Both cause severe systemic disease, occur globally and affect a diversity of hosts. In contrast, lymphocystiviruses cause superficial lesions and rarely cause economic loss. The ranavirus epizootic haematopoietic necrosis virus (EHNV) from Australia wa ...
... Pacific bluefin tuna, Thunnus orientalis (Temminck '' Schlegel), is one of the most important commercially exploited fish species in the world, and juvenile production techniques have been developed for its culture and stock enhancement in Japan. However, recent juvenile production has often failed because of the occurrence of viral nervous necrosis caused by betanodaviruses. In this study, we exa ...
... A betanodavirus associated with a massive mortality was isolated from larvae of tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, maintained in fresh water at 30 °C. Histopathology revealed vacuolation of the nervous system, suggesting an infection by a betanodavirus. The virus was identified by indirect fluorescent antibody test in the SSN1 cell line and further characterized by sequencing of a PCR product. Sequen ...
... Viruses belonging to the genus Megalocytivirus in the family Iridoviridae are one of the major agents causing mass mortalities in marine and freshwater fish in Asian countries. Outbreaks of iridovirus disease have been reported among various fish species in Taiwan. However, the genotypes of these iridoviruses have not yet been determined. In this study, seven megalocytivirus isolates from four fis ...
... Betanodaviruses are the causative agents of viral nervous necrosis (VNN) or viral encephalopathy and retinopathy (VER) in cultured marine fish. Based on the RNA2 gene fish nodaviruses have been traditionally classified into four different genotypes and recently a fifth genotype has been proposed. This study presents sequencing data of 24 new nodaviruses obtained from three different fish species: ...
... Iridoviruses infect a wide variety of wild and cultured fish. Those iridoviruses belonging to the genus Ranavirus, in the Iridoviridae family, cause systemic disease in infected animals with a high morbidity and mortality. This paper reports the cloning, sequencing, and expression of the rock bream iridovirus (RBIV) major capsid protein (MCP) in an Escherichia coli expression system for subsequent ...
... The pepscan procedure was used to identify betanodavirus B-cell epitopes recognized by neutralizing mouse monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) and serum samples obtained from sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax, naturally infected with betanodavirus. Pepscan was performed with a panel of thirty-four 12-mer synthetic peptides that mimicked the entire betanodavirus capsid protein. Sea bass serum samples reacted ...
... This study evaluated the possible use of the fish SSN-1 cell line to investigate the development of Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus (MrNV). Cells were incubated with viral particles and cytopathic effects were observed. De novo synthesis of viral capsid proteins was shown by immuno-fluorescence labelling and a sandwich ELISA test. Viral genomic replication was demonstrated by RT-PCR using prim ...
... An investigation of virus-specific protein maturation in infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) infected Chinook salmon embryo cells (CHSE-214) was undertaken. The precursor protein (pVP2-1) of the major mature capsid protein (VP2) was processed sequentially from pVP2-1 to pVP2-2 and VP2. Experiments using serine proteinase inhibitors showed that the maturation of the VP2 was blocked in the p ...