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... Rumen protozoa, primarily ciliates, are one of the important groups of strictly anaerobic microbes living in the rumen. Despite their ubiquitous occurrence in the rumen and significant contribution to host animals, it is still poorly understood why they live only in the rumen and similar environment. Because rumen protozoa require strict anaerobic conditions to sustain their viability and grow, on ...
air drying; bacteria; bacterial communities; basalt; biofilm; minerals; scanning electron microscopy
Abstract:
... Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is a powerful tool for observing microbe-mineral interactions in situ. Despite its wide usage in geomicrobiology there is no consensus on how the samples should be handled before visualizing in SEM. We compared response of artificial laboratory-grown bacterial community and natural in situ microbes on terrestrial basalt to different sample pre-treatment methods w ...
... The purpose of this study was to establish a method for determining the bacteriolytic activity after separation of lysozyme-binding proteins from egg white. Lysozyme-binding proteins such as ovotransferrin and ovalbumin were separated by non-denaturing two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE) and transferred to a membrane. The lysozyme activity of the separated and immobilized egg white proteins was ...
... Characterization of airborne bacterial cells requires efficient collection, concentration, and analysis techniques, particularly to overcome the challenge of their dilute nature in outdoor environments. This study aims to establish a rapid and reliable approach for quantification of bacteria in air samples. To do this, a high volume impingement sampler was applied to collect airborne bacteria from ...
... Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is increasingly used for identification of microorganisms from positive blood cultures. Pretreatments to effectively remove non-bacterial components and selectively collect microorganisms are a prerequisite for successful identification, and a variety of home-brew and commercial protocols have been reported ...
Sama Rezasoltani; Maryam Sharafkhah; Hamid Asadzadeh Aghdaei; Ehsan Nazemalhosseini Mojarad; Hossein Dabiri; Abbas Akhavan Sepahi; Mohammad Hossein Modarressi; Mohammad Mehdi Feizabadi; Mohammad Reza Zali
... Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer, and presents a considerable disease burden, worldwide. Recently, the gut microbiota has been proposed as a potential risk factor for CRC, and even adenomatous polyps (AP). Here, the aim of this study was to investigate the role of selected gut bacteria as fecal bacterial biomarkers, in early detection of CRC and AP.Fecal samples (n = 93 ...
... Accurate and rapid identification of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is of important clinical significance. In this study, a novel aptamer-based fluorometric assay was developed for detection of MRSA in clinical samples by coupling with immunomagnetic separation. The S. aureus cells in clinical specimens were enriched by magnetic separation. Following lysis by staphylococcal lys ...
Legionella; adenosine triphosphate; bacteria; biocides; cooling towers; disinfection; flow cytometry; metabolism; monitoring; nucleic acids; propidium; water pollution; water quality
Abstract:
... The control of Legionella proliferation in cooling tower water circuits requires regular monitoring of water contamination and effective disinfection procedures. In this study, flow cytometry was assessed to monitor water contamination and disinfection treatment efficiency on bacterial cells regarding nucleic acid injury (SYBR® Green II), cell integrity (SYBR® Green II and propidium iodide) and me ...
... Autofluorescence is the natural fluorescence emitted by cellular compounds which have light emission properties. The main examples of these compounds, identified as an endogenous fluorophores, include aromatic amino acids, vitamins, coenzymes and electron acceptors. As many of them play a critical role in cell metabolism, changes in their content may provide important information on the physiologi ...
algorithms; automation; cameras; cost effectiveness; lighting; microbiological criteria; user interface
Abstract:
... Counting colonies is usually used in microbiological analysis to assess if samples meet microbiological criteria. Although manual counting remains gold standard, the process is subjective, tedious, and time-consuming. Some developed automatic counting methods could save labors and time, but their results are easily affected by uneven illumination and reflection of visible light. To offer a method ...
... The upsurge in the concerning issues like global warming, environmental pollution and depletion of fossil fuel resources led to the thrust on third generation biofuels. Algal research has gained a lot of importance in the recent years. Effective utilization of algal biomass in a single step is necessary as it can produce Bio-oil (BO), gases and in addition to a variety of valuable products, along ...
... Capillary blood collected in serum tubes was subjected to centrifugation delay while stored at room temperature. Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) IgG concentrations in aliquoted serum of these blood samples remained stable for seven days after collection. CT IgG concentrations can reliably be measured in mailed blood samples in epidemiological studies. ...
... A colorimetric assay has been developed for quantitative analysis of active biomass of Fusarium fujikuroi, based on the reduction of the tetrazolium salt 2,3-Bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide (XTT) when menadione was present as an electron coupling agent. The optimum assay-conditions were set as 200 μg/ml XTT, 5 μM menadione and one-hour reaction time. Under thes ...
... Sample preparation was optimized for MALDI-TOF MS directly from the selective enrichment broth to detect Staphylococcus aureus. A combination of MALDI-TOF MS and the PBP2′ latex agglutination assay was applied for MRSA screening and evaluated on 255 clinical samples. MRSA colonisation can be reported already 18–24h after sample collection. ...
... The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is a measure of antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) of a given antibiotic but provides insufficient information when bacterial killing is crucial, e.g., when treating immunocompromised patients. In these cases, the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) is a more reliable measure of antibiotic activity. Here, we aim to demonstrate and recommend c ...
... With the emergence of RNA sequencing technologies, metatranscriptomic studies are rapidly gaining attention as they simultaneously provide insight into gene expression profiles and therefore disease association pathways of microbial pathogens and their hosts. This approach, therefore, holds promise for applicability in infectious disease diagnostics. A challenge of this approach in the clinical se ...
Bacilli; DNA; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; automation; death; drug resistance; drugs; magnetism; mutation; polymerase chain reaction; sodium hydroxide; species identification; tuberculosis
Abstract:
... Tuberculosis (TB), caused by infections of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) complex, is the ninth leading cause of death worldwide, and several molecular approaches for MTB species identification and the detection of mutations associated with drug resistance have been developed to date. We previously developed a diagnostic assay for drug susceptibility testing that can detect mutations conferr ...
... Clostridium difficile is the causative pathogen for antibiotic-related nosocomial diarrhea. For epidemiological study and identification of virulent clones, a new binary typing method was developed for C. difficile in this study. The usefulness of this newly developed optimized 10-loci binary typing method was compared with two widely used methods ribotyping and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) i ...
biofilm; cast iron; cement; confocal laser scanning microscopy; disinfectants; drinking water; flow cytometry; health promotion; odors; pathogens; pipes; plate count; poly(vinyl chloride); samplers; staining; water distribution; water quality; water treatment
Abstract:
... Drinking water quality typically degrades after treatment during conveyance through the distribution system. Potential causes include biofilm growth in distribution pipes which may result in pathogen retention, inhibited disinfectant diffusion, and proliferation of bad tastes and odors. However, there is no standard method for direct measurement of biofilms or quantification of biofilm cells in dr ...
Carlos German Lemus-Minor; Diego Fernando Ovalle-Marroqui; J. Gustavo Vazquez-Jimenez; Diana Laura Reales-Agüero; Perla Michelle Sepulveda-Alcantara; Jesús René Rodriguez-Sánchez; Raúl Diaz-Molina; Jesús René Machado-Contreras
... Tuberculosis (TB) has a high incidence, prevalence and mortality in the world. Due to its high level of transmission and long-term pharmacological treatment, it is important to have sensitive and specific diagnostic tests. Recently, the PureLyse® system, which is a novel DNA extraction method, was proposed to be an important tool for molecular diagnosis of TB. Here, we compare the PureLyse® system ...
... We evaluated three DNA extraction methods for confirmation of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis from liquid cultures of bovine feces. Use of DNA Extract All Reagents Kit™ resulted in efficient extraction of amplifiable DNA from higher proportion (96.29%) of known positive samples compared to Chelex-100 resin (25.92%) and polyethylene glycol (0%). ...
... Marssonina coronaria causes apple blotch disease resulting in severe premature defoliation, and is distributed in many leading apple-growing areas in the world. Effective, reliable and high-quality RNA extraction is an indispensable procedure in any molecular biology study. No method currently exists for RNA extraction from M. coronaria that produces a high quantity of melanin-free RNA. Therefore, ...
... Microplate immunocapture is an inexpensive method for the concentration of foodborne pathogens using an antibody-coated microplate. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of microplate immunocapture as an alternative to traditional enrichment for concentrating Listeria monocytogenes to levels detectable with selective plating or real-time PCR. L. monocytogenes isolates serologic ...
... Determination of cell numbers in filamentous bacteria, such as Streptomyces, is challenging due to the tangled and twisted structure of the filaments and formation of cell clumps in liquid cultures. Here, we developed a conidia-based approach, in which fluorescence of conidia, after staining with the DNA-binding stain SYBR Green 1, was related to SYBR Green 1 fluorescence of DNA in Streptomyces. W ...
... Antibiotic resistance of bacteria is a considerable challenge to human health in the 21st century. With our discovery pipeline for new and effective antibiotics rapidly drying out, innovative approaches are needed to find new antimicrobials. Soil fungi are known to produce a variety of antimicrobials but rapid screening of fungi that produce such compounds remains a challenge. In this work, we use ...
... The worldwide prevalence of beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (BL-E) is increasing. Bacterial infections involving ESBLs can be more difficult to treat because of antibiotic resistance, as there are fewer effective antibiotics left to be used. Moreover, treatment failure is often observed. Thus, quick and accurate identification of β-lactamases is imperative to minimize it.This review ar ...
... Zymomonas mobilis ZM4 is a gram negative ethanologenic bacterium used in several biotechnological applications. Metabolic engineering in this bacterium is limited because of the available genome engineering tools. In the present study, we report genome engineering in this bacterium using bacteriophage lambda Red genes. Stability of plasmid replicons RK2 (pSIM9) and pBBR1 (pSIM7) containing the lam ...
... The recent availability of highly adaptable engineered nucleic acid binding proteins has brought about a revolution in the genome-editing field. Now, several studies have harnessed these Zinc-Finger-based, Transcription Activator-like Effector (TALE)-based, and Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)-based programmable DNA and RNA-binding proteins to develop very specifi ...
... The study describes a novel diagnostic protocol based on a loop-mediated isothermal DNA amplification (LAMP) for identification of wheat grains infection by Tilletia laevis, Tilletia caries (common bunt) and Tilletia controversa (draft bunt). The presented data showed that the LAMP analysis is a simple, specific and rapid method that could be used for detection of Tilletia spp. in contaminated gra ...
Enterobacteriaceae; beta-lactamase; carbapenems; humans; intestinal microorganisms; monitoring; multiple drug resistance; patients; public health; rapid methods; screening
Abstract:
... Enterobacteriaceae are a part of the human intestinal flora easily spread by hand carriage, water and food. Treatment of infections due to Enterobacteriaceae is difficult mainly in countries with a low socioeconomic state. Carbapenems are considered as a last-resort antibiotic for the treatment of infections due to multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CR ...
... This study evaluated the performance of the MBT STAR-Carba kit (Bruker Daltonics), to detect carbapenemase producing Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spp. in comparison with the RAPIDEC® CARBA NP test (BioMerieux). MBT STAR-Carba allowed the detection of carbapenemases in Enterobacteriaceae and P. aeruginosa. ...
Acinetobacter baumannii; DNA microarrays; beta-lactamase; developing countries; genes; health services; imipenem; meropenem; monitoring; phenotype; polymerase chain reaction; resistance mechanisms; Pakistan
Abstract:
... The accumulation of multiple inherent and acquired resistance mechanisms in Acinetobacter spp. results in emergence of “pandrug resistant” strains which is one of the major concerns in healthcare sectors worldwide. Surveillance of the carbapenemase/ extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) genes in A. baumannii by phenotypic methods is challenging especially in developing countries, like Pakistan. I ...
... A new phenotypic method for detecting carbapenemases has been adapted (assembling of two MAST® kits, including one that contains faropenem to which a temocillin disk has been added) then assessed using 101 bacterial strains (Enterobacteriaceae with assays on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii) including 62 which produce genetically identified carbapenemases. Concerning Carbapenemas ...
... Although isolation and identification of bacteria in a clinical specimen constitute essential steps for the diagnosis of bacterial infection, positive results of the bacterial culture are not always attained, despite observing the bacteria by Gram staining. As bacteria phagocytosed by the leukocytes are considered as the causative agents of infectious diseases, this study aims to introduce a new a ...
... Molecular drug susceptibility testing (DST) for antituberculosis drugs is important for improving the efficacy of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) treatment. In this study, we developed a molecular high-throughput assay system based on allele-specific primer extension (ASPE) and MagPlex-TAG microspheres, referred to here as TAG-ASPE, wh ...
... Root-infecting fungal pathogens such as Gaeumannomyces avenae, Ophiosphaerella korrae, and Magnaporthiopsis poae cause extensive damage to amenity turfgrasses in temperate climates. The diseases they cause are difficult to diagnose by visual symptoms or microscopic inspection, and traditional polymerase chain reaction-based assays require large financial investments in equipment such as thermal cy ...
... The maintenance of pH homeostasis is critical for a variety of cellular metabolic processes. Although ocean acidification is likely to influence cellular metabolism and energy balance, the degree to which intracellular pH in phytoplankton differs from the external environment under varying environmental pH levels is not well characterized. While there are numerous existing methods for the determin ...
... Antibiotics are drugs that react against, kill, or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The method most often employed to evaluate the effectiveness of an antibiotic to kill bacteria requires at least 16 to 24 h for bacterial incubation. The requirement of long periods of time for the determination of the number of bacteria still alive after antibiotic treatment, may, in many cases, be detrimental to t ...
... The aim of this study was to (i) design, develop and validate a practical and physiologically relevant reconstituted in vitro oral mucosa tissue model and (ii) to assess its applicability in in vitro host-pathogen interactions with C. albicans and S. aureus. Co-culture organotypic constructions were created by incorporating specific numbers of keratinocytes (NOK-si) onto cellularised, collagen gel ...
Stefania Fontana; Maria Pacciarini; Mery Boifava; Roberta Pellesi; Barbara Casto; Michele Gastaldelli; Heike Koehler; Nicola Pozzato; Francesco Casalinuovo; M. Beatrice Boniotti
... There is currently an increased interest in the use of serological approaches in combination with traditional cell-mediated immunity-based techniques to improve the detection of tuberculosis (TB)-infected animals. In the present study, we developed and validated two different serological TB-detection assays using four antigens, MPB70, MPB83, ESAT6 and CFP10, and the tuberculin PPDb. A conventional ...
... There is increasing interest in finding new, more efficient methods for routine monitoring of anthropogenic effects on benthic biodiversity and ecosystems. A range of molecular methods have been developed for assessing biodiversity the last decades. Particularly interesting are microarrays targeting phylogenetic marker genes, such as the small subunit of ribosomal RNA in eukaryotes (18S rRNA). Thi ...
... A high-throughput assay was developed to screen Phytophthora species for fungicide sensitivity using optical density measurements for unbiased, automated measurement of mycelial growth. The efficacy of the optical density assay (OD) to measure phosphite sensitivity in Phytophthora species was compared to two widely used methods, radial growth (RG) and dry weight (DW) assays. Three isolates of each ...
Yuhui Du; Huiying Li; Zhiqiu Yin; Antoni Rozalski; Agnieszka Torzewska; Pan Yang; Chengqian Qian; Tingting Xu; Hengchun Cao; Pan Wu; Lingyan Jiang; Xi Guo; Di Huang; Bin Liu
... Providencia is an opportunistic human pathogen that belongs to the Enterobacteriaceae family. The bacterial cell surface O-antigen is one of the most structurally variable cell constituents and serves as a basis for serotyping gram-negative bacteria. In this work, the genomes of 12 Providencia strains were sequenced, and genes driving O-antigen biosynthesis were analyzed. The O-antigen-synthesizin ...
... The ‘Nucleic Acid Lateral Flow Immunoassay’ (NALFIA) using a generic ‘Lateral Flow Device’ (LFD), combined with PCR employing labelled primers (PCR-NALFIA), enables to circumvent the use of electrophoresis, making the diagnostic procedure more rapid and easier. If the specific amplicon is present in the sample, a coloured band, with an intensity proportional to the amplicon concentration, will dev ...
... The emergence of antiseptic resistance and/or antiseptic-resistance genes in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) may result in failure of decolonization treatments. Plasmid-encoded efflux pump genes qacA/B and qacC (smr) confer tolerance to chlorhexidine and quaternary ammonium compounds. The objective of this study was to develop and validate a multiplex real time-PCR assay for det ...
DNA primers; Vibrio furnissii; bacteria; equipment; genes; mass spectrometry; polymerase chain reaction; restriction endonucleases; restriction fragment length polymorphism; ribosomal RNA; single nucleotide polymorphism
Abstract:
... Vibrio furnissii and V. fluvialis are closely related, the discrimination of which by conventional biochemical assay remains a challenge. Investigation of the sequence of the 16S rRNA genes in a clinical isolate of V. furnissii by visual inspection of a sequencing electropherogram revealed two sites of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; positions 460 A/G and 1261 A/G) in these genes. A test of ...
... Anaplasma spp., Ehrlichia spp., Rickettsia spp., and Lyme disease associated Borrelia spp. are the most common tick-borne pathogens reported to infect human beings worldwide and other animals, such as dogs and horses. In the present study, we developed a broad-coverage SYBR Green QPCR panel consisting of four individual assays for the detection and partial differentiation of the aforementioned pat ...
... The Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) consists of at least 20 phenotypically similar but genotypically distinct Gram-negative bacteria that are ubiquitous in nature, are capable of promoting plant growth and biodegradation of pollutants, but that also are highly antibiotic resistant and produce damaging effects towards plants, fungi, and humans. To study these genetically recalcitrant bacteria in ...
... Bacterial conjugation is a powerful tool used for DNA transfer from Escherichia coli into various bacteria including streptomycetes. In this methodology, spores are usually employed as recipient cells of the genetic information. However, some industrially important Streptomyces do not produce spores making difficult their genetic manipulation. In these strains, the use of mechanically fragmented m ...
... Filamentous fungi are emerging as attractive producers of natural products with novel structures, diverse bioactivities and unprecedented enzymology. But their genetic systems are poorly developed, especially in some non-model endogenic fungi, which have hampered our genetic manipulation of their natural product development. Calcarisporium arbuscula NRRL 3705 is an endophytic filamentous fungus ri ...
... In the current study, a duplex PCR-ELISA method was developed targeting the specific genes, invA of Salmonella spp. and rfbE of Escherichia coli O157: H7, to detect one or both bacteria in food. In brief, PCR product amplified by PCR primer labeled with digoxin at the 5′-end and a probe labeled with biotin at the 3′-end can form dimer by nucleic acid hybridization which can be captured by binding ...
DNA repair; Escherichia coli; alleles; base pair mismatch; gene editing; plasmids; replication origin; rhamnose; temperature
Abstract:
... Plasmid-based systems are the most appropriate for multistep lambda Red (λRed)-mediated recombineering, such as the assembly of strains for biotechnological applications. Currently, the widely used λRed-expressing plasmids use a temperature-sensitive origin of replication or temperature shift control of λRed expression. In this work, we have constructed a new, conditionally replicating vector that ...
... The appearance and spread of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) pose a challenge for optimization of antibiotic therapies and outbreak preventions. The carbapenemase production can be detected through culture-based methods (e.g. Modified Hodge Test-MHT) and DNA based methods (e.g. Polymerase Chain Reaction-PCR). The culture-based methods are time-consuming, whereas those of PCR as ...
... This study aimed to develop direct PCR methods, which enable the diagnosis of brucellosis agents from ruminant aborted fetus samples at species and genus levels, and determine the applicability of the newly developed methods. For this purpose, 137 lung, 137 liver, and 52 fetal stomach fluid samples belonging to 166 ruminant aborted fetuses (326 samples in total) were examined. Firstly, agent isola ...
Bacillus subtilis; biofilm; models; scanning electron microscopy
Abstract:
... Biofilms have been intensively investigated over the past decades. Bacillus subtilis is able to form highly structured colony biofilms, and as one of the most studied Gram-positive model organisms, has helped to decipher the complex genetic regulation of biofilms. Several methods have been developed to analyze the architecture of biofilms. In this paper, we describe a method which allows the analy ...
... Universal (i.e., targeting most bacteria/prokaryotes) 16S rRNA gene based amplicon sequencing is widely used for assessing microbial communities due to its low cost, time efficiency, and ability to provide a full overview of the community. However, it is currently unclear if it can yield reliable information on specific microbial guilds, as obtained by using primer sets targeting functional genes ...
... We evaluated several EDTA-based combined-disk tests to detect 25 mcr producers among 48 Enterobacteriaceae. Colistin disks plus EDTA (292/584 μg) on MH and CAMH agar were used. Results were positive if with chelator there was an inhibition zone increase ≥3 mm compared to colistin alone. All tests resulted unreliable (sensitivity ≤68%). ...
Corynebacterium glutamicum; DNA-directed DNA polymerase; Escherichia coli; genomic libraries; plasmids
Abstract:
... An efficient method to construct xenogeneic genomic libraries with low errors and bias by circumventing restriction-modification systems that restrict methylated DNA was developed. Un-methylated genomic DNA of Escherichia coli prepared by ϕ29 DNA polymerase was introduced to Corynebacterium glutamicum R after ligation with un-methylated vector plasmids. ...
... We introduced a site-directed mutation in the sdi1 gene and used it as a selective marker for the polyethylene glycol-mediated transformation of Pleurotus eryngii monokaryon protoplasts. The transformants displayed obvious and stable resistance to the fungicide carboxin indicating that the mutant Pesdi1 gene is an efficient selective marker. ...
... Bovine paratuberculosis (Johne's disease in cattle) is caused by the pathogen Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) and is a widespread chronic bacterial infectious disease in cattle. Due to the peculiarities of the pathogen, detection of MAP in faeces remains difficult.DNA extraction and real-time PCR for detection of MAP in bovine faeces (direct PCR) have been refined and feasible pr ...
... Symbioses between bacteria and insects are often associated with changes in important biological traits that can significantly affect host fitness. To a large extent, studies of these interactions have been based on physiological changes or induced phenotypes in the host, and the genetic mechanisms by which symbionts interact with their hosts have only recently become better understood. Learning a ...
Maria Rosaria Iovene; Francesca Martora; Enza Mallardo; Marco De Sio; Davide Arcaniolo; Chiara Del Vecchio; Chiara Pagliuca; Giuseppe Signoriello; Mariateresa Vitiello
... The objective was to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of our microbiological protocol to simplify the evaluation of bacterial prostatitis in the clinical practice.Our findings show the possibility to apply our alternative enrichment semen culture method to detect prostatic bacterial infection with higher sensitivity than the gold standard M&S technique. ...
... The ability of enzymatic Kraft Lignin (KL) demethylation was determined using catechol and ferric ion coordination (catechol-Fe³⁺ complexes) by reduction of Fe³⁺ to Fe²⁺ and formation of mono, bis- and/or tris-catechol-Fe³⁺ complexes has been investigated to identify enzyme that can strip-off O-methyl groups from lignin such as O-demethylase. To detect fungal demethylation and release of catechol- ...
... Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is widespread in the environment. It readily infects hospital and immunocompromised patients. Traditional biochemical and immunological diagnoses of P. aeruginosa infection cannot meet clinical demands. The variability of O-antigens is the primary basis for the serotyping schemes of many gram-negative bacteria, which is the most widely used method for pathoge ...
... This research evaluated the utility of using the large amount of spectral data obtained during attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared spectrophotometry (ATR-FTIR) analysis of dried biocellulose (BC) to estimate the type and concentration of potential bacterial cells impurities present in the BC. Pre-cleaned BC was contaminated with known concentrations of representative nucleic aci ...
... DNA-based monitoring of pathogens in aerosol samples requires extraction methods that provide high recovery of DNA. To identify a suitable method, we evaluated six DNA extraction methods for recovery of target-specific DNA from samples with four bacterial agents at low abundance (<10,000 genome copies per detection assay). These methods differed in rigor of cell disruption, approach for DNA captur ...
... Valid detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a precondition for MRSA prevention measures. Most of the available MRSA screening tests are based either on the identification of colony material grown on solid agar media or on direct molecular approaches. The HB&L MRSA KIT (Alifax, Polverara, Italy) is designed to screen for MRSA in liquid cultures applying the light scatte ...
... We evaluated the two in-house sample preparation methods (saponin method (SAP) and [saponin + Sputazyme] method (SSPZ)) for direct identification of microorganisms using MALDI-TOF MS from positive blood culture bottles. Also, we evaluated the [saponin + Sputazyme] method for direct antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) using Vitek 2 system.For direct identification, 163 prospective, monomicro ...
... The increasing interest on the impact of the gut microbiota on health and disease has resulted in multiple human microbiome-related studies emerging. However, multiple sampling methods are being used, making cross-comparison of results difficult. To avoid additional clinic visits and increase patient recruitment to these studies, there is the potential to utilize at-home stool sampling. The aim of ...
... Rapid and accurate detection of the pathogens that cause gastrointestinal infection is important for appropriate therapy and proper infection control. This study assesses the performance of a new molecular assay for simultaneous detection of 13 different gastrointestinal bacteria in stool specimens. Using the Allplex GI-Bacteria (AGI-BI/AGI-BII) assay, a total of 394 stool samples were tested and ...
... We evaluated a rapid biochemical screening test β-CARBA™ for detection of Gram-negative carbapenemase producers. The sensitivity of the test after 30min incubation was 98.2%, but increased to 100% after 1h. β-CARBA™ proved reliable for carbapenemase screening in Acinetobacter spp. for which currently no commercial phenotypic assays are available. ...
... Serological testing for antibodies to Chlamydia trachomatis pgp3 is being evaluated as a tool to use for trachoma surveillance. There are limited data on the reproducibility of the test results using a multiplex platform.We tested the reproducibility of a serologic test for C. trachomatis pgp3 in 6 dried blood spots collected from a random sample of 45 children from a trachoma endemic area. The sp ...
... The aim of this study was to evaluate two non-commercial Real-Time PCR assays for the detection of microorganisms in amniotic fluid followed by identification by pyrosequencing.We collected 126 amniotic fluids from 2010 to 2015 for the evaluation of two Real-Time PCR assays for detection of bacterial DNA in amniotic fluid (16S Universal PCR and Ureaplasma spp. specific PCR). The method was develop ...
... Anaerobic infections are difficult to diagnose and treat, because of the often slow in vitro growth, the polymicrobial nature and the increasing antimicrobial resistance. Furthermore because of their fastidiousness, anaerobic bacteria often stay unrecognized in clinical practice. Clinical specimens potentially harboring these species require special handling to permit satisfactory recovery of thes ...
... A suitable technique (lysozyme combined with Trizol reagent) was developed to improve the RNA yield, purity and integrity from Bacillus subtilis, under different bacterial growth stages. The obtained RNA was intact, having the required characteristics for downstream applications. ...
Arcobacter; Campylobacter fetus; bacteria; databases; formic acid; gastrointestinal system; humans; matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization mass spectrometry; pathogens; proteomics; public health; species identification; therapeutics
Abstract:
... Arcobacters are considered emerging gastrointestinal pathogens. Rapid, reliable and species-specific identification of these bacteria is important. Biochemical tests commonly yield negative or variable results. Molecular methods prove more reliable but are time consuming and lack specificity. Matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is a fast, che ...
... Flow cytometry enables the analysis of cells by labeling them with fluorescent probes. We describe a novel flow cytometric approach permitting reliable analysis of Coxiella (C.) burnetii-infected cells. The method quantifies infection-forming units (IFUs) in a dose-dependent manner and allows for the specific detection of infection/replication-competent coxiella in cell cultures. ...
... A novel bacteriological agar, named Furukawa Agar, has been specifically designed to inhibit the growth of filamentous fungi during microbiological examination of bacteria from organic compost, thereby allowing complete analysis of the resulting bacterial organisms, without the overgrowth with filamentous fungi. ...
... Allelic exchange mutagenesis that relies on RecA-mediated homologous recombination up- and downstream from the targeted gene is a generalizable method of site-specific bacterial gene knock-out and knock-in. However, generation of a mutagenic DNA construct (alternative allele flanked by regions surrounding the gene target) and subsequent mutant selection are laborious procedures. Here we demonstrat ...
... The Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS) induced colitis mouse model is commonly used to investigate human inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Nucleic acid extracts originating from these animals are often contaminated with DSS, which is a strong inhibitor of many enzymatic based molecular biology reactions including PCR and reverse-transcription (RT). Methods for removing DSS from nucleic acids extracts ex ...
... We describe a method to quickly evaluate soil esterase activity using p‑nitrophenyl valerate as the substrate. Unwanted coloration of the control samples was suppressed by cooling. Esterase activity can be evaluated using arbitrary amounts of soil. Sample dispensation was simplified and the number of examinations per soil sample reduced. ...
Acinetobacter baumannii; B-lymphocytes; analytical kits; antibodies; epithelial cells; epitopes; humans; immune response; immunotherapy; in vivo studies; peptides; vaccines; virulence
Abstract:
... Omp34, also known as Omp34kDa or Omp33–36 is a virulence factor associated with A. baumannii metabolic fitness or its adherence and invasion to human epithelial cells. This protein is also introduced as a specific antigen which could induce strong antibody responses. In the present in silico study, recent vaccine design strategies such as ‘antigen minimization’ and ‘high epitope density’ were invo ...
... The mesophilic fungus Eupenicillium parvum 4–14 is an important producer of thermotolerant hemicellulolytic and cellulolytic enzymes. The aim of this study was to establish a method for genetic manipulation of the fungus by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The promotor PgpdA of a glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene was isolated from E. parvum 4–14. To transform the fungus, an expression plasmi ...
Campylobacter fetus; DNA; fetus; fluorescence in situ hybridization
Abstract:
... Two new DNA FISH-probes for Campylobacter fetus were designed, in silico checked for cross-reactions and successfully evaluated in a multi-centric approach with 41 Campylobacter fetus isolates including isolates of all three know subspecies: Campylobacter fetus ssp. fetus, Campylobacter fetus ssp. venerealis, and Campylobacter fetus ssp. testudinum and 40 strains of five non-target Campylobacter s ...
... Clostridium difficile infections are one of the leading causes of hospital-acquired infections. C. difficile spores are considered the morphotype of transmission and recurrent infection due to its natural spore resistance properties. The outermost spore layer, the exosporium, provides the first contact with the environment and the host. However, molecular biology studies on exosporium proteins are ...
Microcystis aeruginosa; biomass; data collection; estuaries; freshwater; geometry; light microscopy; linear models; monitoring; prediction; seawater; statistical analysis
Abstract:
... The Microcystis aeruginosa complex (MAC) clusters many of the most common freshwater and brackish bloom-forming cyanobacteria. In monitoring protocols, biovolume estimation is a common approach to determine MAC colonies biomass and useful for prediction purposes. Biovolume (μm3 mL−1) is calculated multiplying organism abundance (orgL−1) by colonial volume (μm3org−1). Colonial volume is estimated b ...
... The presence of intracellular polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) is usually studied using Sudan black dye solution (SB). In a previous work it was shown that the PHA could be directly quantified using the absorbance of SB fixed by PHA granules in wet cell samples. In the present paper, the optimum SB amount and the optimum conditions to be used for SB assays were determined following an experimental des ...
... Confocal microscopy-based monitoring of pH in biofilms is gaining increasing interest, as it allows for a quick assessment of horizontal pH gradients without mechanically perturbing the biofilm. Ratiometric monitoring of pH with the fluorescent dye C-SNARF-4 has been used to reliably map extracellular pH in the basal layers of biofilms, but only under static conditions. Here, we expand this method ...
... Fast diagnosis of pathogens is critical to guarantee the most adequate therapy for infections; bacterial culture methods, which constitute the actual gold standard, are precise and sensitive but rather slow. Today, new methods have been made available to enable faster diagnosis, with the Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization–Time Of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) technique being the ...
... Bacillus subtilis pheS was genetically modified to obtain a counter-selection marker with high selection efficiency in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. The application of the new replication-thermosensitive integrative vector pNZTM1, containing this marker, pheSBsT255S/A309G, with a two-step replacement recombination procedure provides an effective tool for the genetic engineering of industrially impor ...
... Bedaquiline, clofazimine and linezolid are pertinent drugs for drug-resistant tuberculosis. Drug-resistant mutants provide insight into important resistance acquisition mechanisms. Methods for in vitro Mycobacterium tuberculosis mutant generation are poorly described.Induction (serial passaging) and spontaneous (adapted Luria-Delbrück assay) approaches using M. tuberculosis ATCC reference strains ...
... Release of heavy metals into the soil pose a significant threat to the environment and public health because of their toxicity accumulation in the food chain and persistence in nature. The potential of soil microbial diversity of cadmium (Cd) contaminated site was exploited through functional metatranscriptomics by construction of cDNA libraries A (0.1–0.5 kb), B (0.5–1.0 kb), and C (1-4 kb) of va ...
Cristina García-Timermans; Peter Rubbens; Frederiek-Maarten Kerckhof; Benjamin Buysschaert; Dmitry Khalenkow; Willem Waegeman; Andre G. Skirtach; Nico Boon
... Raman spectroscopy has gained relevance in single-cell microbiology for its ability to detect bacterial (sub)populations in a non-destructive and label-free way. However, the Raman spectrum of a bacterium can be heavily affected by abiotic factors, which may influence the interpretation of experimental results. Additionally, there is no publicly available standard for the annotation of metadata de ...
... Urinary tract infections (UTI) are very common throughout life and account for the majority of the workload in the clinical microbiology laboratory. Clear instructions for the interpretation of urine cultures by the laboratory technicians are indispensable to obtain standardized, reliable, and clinically useful results. In literature, there is often a lack of evidence-based practice in processing ...
... We standardized an immunochromatographic test (IC) for heat-labile toxin I (LT-I) detection using LT-I antibodies and a specific platform containing the apparatus for application, assembly and cutting. IC detected as little as 62.5ng/mL of purified LT-I toxin and presented 91% sensitivity, 99.5% specificity and 96.0% accuracy, thereby proving to be an excellent point-of-care test for the diagnosis ...
... A set of 204 taxonomically well-defined strains belonging to 17 Acinetobacter spp., including 11 recently described species (A. albensis, A. bohemicus, A. colistiniresistens, A. courvalinii. A. dispersus, A. gandensis, A. modestus, A. proteolyticus, A. seifertii, A. variabilis, and A. vivianii) and six species of the so-called haemolytic clade (A. beijerinckii, A. gyllenbergii, A. haemolyticus, A. ...
... We developed the com1 gene based loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for the detection of Coxiella burnetii and validated it by screening DNA isolated from serum samples collected from animals and humans. The detection of Coxiella by LAMP assay was comparable with the com1 based-PCR. ...
... The methylotrophs bacteria can use methane and methanol as carbon sources to produce biopolymers including the polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) a very promised substitute for the environment contaminant oil-derived polypropylene. This kind of bacteria can be very effective to help to decrease PHB price production and promote its use in substitution of several environment contaminant plastics. The search ...
Listeria; matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization mass spectrometry; monitoring; prospective studies
Abstract:
... This study aimed to evaluate MALDI-TOF MS for species discrimination of Listeria in the context of routine surveillance. MALDI-TOF MS yielded 100% accuracy for the identification of L. monocytogenes, L. innocua, L. ivanovii, L. fleischmannii, L. grayi, L. seeligeri, L. weihenstephanensis and L. welshimeri, as confirmed by whole genome sequence analyses. ...
... The existence of pathogenic bacteria in drinking water has been a threat to the safety of human well-being. Traditional methods to detect bacteria are standard plate counts or rapid methods such as ELISA and PCR. However, those methods can be time-consuming or require pre-enrichment when detecting low concentrations of bacteria. Filter membrane has been used for bacteria collection and culturing w ...