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Miranda N. Limbach; Aleksandra Antevska; Damilola S. Oluwatoba; Amber L. H. Gray; Xian B. Carroll; Christina M. Hoffmann; Xiaoping Wang; Markus W. Voehler; Carlos A. Steren; Thanh D. Do
X-radiation; amides; cyclosporine; hydrogen bonding; ligands; membrane permeability; methanol; neutron diffraction; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; titration; water solubility
Abstract:
... An atomic view of a main aqueous conformation of cyclosporine A (CycA), an important 11-amino-acid macrocyclic immunosuppressant, is reported. For decades, it has been a grand challenge to determine the conformation of free CycA in an aqueous-like solution given its poor water solubility. Using a combination of X-ray and single-crystal neutron diffraction, we unambiguously resolve a unique conform ...
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; active sites; carbon dioxide; carbon nitride; chemical bonding; climate; graphene; methanol; microparticles; photocatalysis; photocatalysts; photons; semiconductors; temperature; toxicity; transmission electron microscopy
Abstract:
... Photocatalytic reduction of CO₂ with light and H₂O to form CH₃OH is a promising route to mitigate carbon emissions and climate changes. Although semiconducting metal oxides are potential photocatalysts for this reaction, low photon efficiency and leaching of environmentally unfriendly toxic metals limit their applicability. Here, we report metal-free, core–shell photocatalysts consisting of graphi ...
... Efficient development of catalytic materials requires knowledge of the decisive parameters defining the catalytic properties. In multicomponent metallic catalysts, these are categorized as electronic and geometric effects, yet they are strongly interrelated. A systematic disentanglement can be achieved by fixing one parameter while altering the other, which becomes possible through the substitutio ...
... Flavodiiron nitric oxide reductases (FNORs) carry out the reduction of nitric oxide (NO) to nitrous oxide (N₂O), allowing infectious pathogens to mitigate toxic levels of NO generated in the human immune response. We previously reported the model complex [Fe₂(BPMP)(OPr)(NO)₂](OTf)₂ (1, OPr– = propionate) that contains two coplanar NO ligands and that is capable of quantitative NO reduction to N₂O ...
... Photocatalytic conversion of methane to value-added products under mild conditions, which represents a long sought-after goal for industrial sustainable production, remains extremely challenging to afford high production and selectivity using cheap catalysts. Herein, we present the crystal phase engineering of commercially available anatase TiO₂ via simple thermal annealing to optimize the structu ...
... The development of efficient and durable electrocatalysts is the only way to achieve commercial fuel cells. A new, efficient method was utilized for epitaxial growth of gold quantum dots using atomically platinum chlorine species with porous graphdiyne as a support (PtCl₂Au(111)/GDY), for obtaining successful multicomponent quantum dots with a size of 2.37 nm. The electrocatalyst showed a high mas ...
... The reaction mechanism of the CH₃OH synthesis by the hydrogenation of CO₂ on Cu catalysts is unclear because of the challenge in experimentally detecting reaction intermediates formed by the hydrogenation of adsorbed formate (HCOOₐ). Thus, the objective of this study is to clarify the reaction mechanism of the CH₃OH synthesis by establishing the kinetic natures of intermediates formed by the hydro ...
Lewis acids; Lewis bases; Raman spectroscopy; X-ray diffraction; acidity; catalytic activity; electron transfer; ethylene glycol; methanol; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; oxygen; praseodymium; reducing agents; thermal stability
Abstract:
... Metal peroxides are key species involved in a range of critical biological and synthetic processes. Rare-earth (group III and the lanthanides; Sc, Y, La–Lu) peroxides have been implicated as reactive intermediates in catalysis; however, reactivity studies of isolated, structurally characterized rare-earth peroxides have been limited. Herein, we report the peroxide-selective (93–99% O₂²⁻) reduction ...
... The pace of nanomaterial discovery for high-performance electrocatalysts could be accelerated by the development of efficient screening methods. However, conventional electrochemical characterization via drop-casting is inherently inaccurate and time-consuming, as such ensemble measurements are serially performed through nanocatalyst synthesis, morphological characterization, and performance testi ...
absorption; dissociation; energy; hydrogen bonding; light; memory; methanol; solar energy; temperature
Abstract:
... The low formation energies inherent in metal halide perovskites enable the structure to be easily broken and remade with little energy input. In this work, we leverage low formation energy to demonstrate 0D/3D structural transformations induced by reversible intercalation of methanol to yield dramatic control of visible light absorption. We identify a methanolated structure that features sheets of ...
... Identifying zeolite catalysts that can simultaneously optimize p-xylene selectivity and feed utilization is critical to toluene alkylation with methanol (TAM). Here, we show that zeolite MCM-22 (MWW) has an exceptional catalyst lifetime in the TAM reaction at high operating pressure, conversion, and selectivity. We systematically probe the catalytic behavior of active sites in distinct topological ...
... Anchoring platinum catalysts on appropriate supports, e.g., MXenes, is a feasible pathway to achieve a desirable anode for direct methanol fuel cells. The authentic performance of Pt is often hindered by the occupancy and poisoning of active sites, weak interaction between Pt and supports, and the dissolution of Pt. Herein, we construct three-dimensional (3D) crumpled Ti₃C₂Tₓ MXene balls with abun ...
adsorbents; adsorption; chemical species; methanol; porous media; vapors
Abstract:
... Physisorption using gas or vapor probe molecules is the most common characterization technique for porous materials. The method provides textural information on the adsorbent as well as the affinity for a specific adsorbate, typically through equilibrium pressure measurements. Here, we demonstrate how low-field NMR can be used to measure full adsorption isotherms, and how by selectively measuring ...
carbon dioxide; catalysts; formic acid; hydrides; hydrogenation; iridium; methanol; temperature
Abstract:
... We report a novel approach toward the catalytic hydrogenation of CO₂ to methanol performed in the gas–solid phase using multinuclear iridium complexes at low temperature (30–80 °C). Although homogeneous CO₂ hydrogenation in water catalyzed by amide-based iridium catalysts provided only a negligible amount of methanol, the combination of a multinuclear catalyst and gas–solid phase reaction conditio ...
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; air pollutants; carbon dioxide; catalysts; catalytic activity; density functional theory; ethanol; formates; hydrogenation; methanol; reaction mechanisms
Abstract:
... The efficient conversion of carbon dioxide, a major air pollutant, into ethanol or higher alcohols is a big challenge in heterogeneous catalysis, generating great interest in both basic scientific research and commercial applications. Here, we report the facilitated methanol synthesis and the enabled ethanol synthesis from carbon dioxide hydrogenation on a catalyst generated by codepositing Cs and ...
... A light-driven method for the contra-thermodynamic positional isomerization of olefins is described. In this work, stepwise PCET activation of a more substituted and more thermodynamically stable olefin substrate is mediated by an excited-state oxidant and a Brønsted base to afford an allylic radical that is captured by a Cr(II) cocatalyst to furnish an allylchromium(III) intermediate. In situ pro ...
density functional theory; hydrogen; methanol; molecular dynamics; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; photocatalysis; photocatalysts
Abstract:
... Detailed information about the influences of the cooperative motion of water and methanol molecules on practical solid–liquid heterogeneous photocatalysis reactions is critical for our understanding of photocatalytic reactions. The present work addresses this issue by applying operando nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, in conjunction with density functional theory (DFT) calculations a ...
... The particulate methane monooxygenase (pMMO) is the first enzyme in the C1 metabolic pathway in methanotrophic bacteria. As this enzyme converts methane into methanol efficiently near room temperature, it has become the paradigm for developing an understanding of this difficult C1 chemistry. pMMO is a membrane-bound protein with three subunits (PmoB, PmoA, and PmoC) and 12–14 coppers distributed a ...
carbon dioxide; case studies; hydrogenation; methanol
Abstract:
... Processes that rely on heterogeneous catalysts underpin the production of bulk chemicals and fuels. In spite of this, understanding of the interplay between the structure and reactivity of these complex materials remains elusive—rendering rational improvement of existing systems challenging. Herein, we describe efforts to understand complex materials capable of selective thermochemical conversion ...
catalysts; catalytic activity; density functional theory; energy; gold; hydrogen bonding; liquids; methanol; microscopy; selectivity (chemistry); solvents; van der Waals forces
Abstract:
... The relative stability of reactive intermediates and reactants on a surface, which dictates the rate and selectivity of catalytic reactions in both gas and liquid phases, is dependent on numerous factors. One well-established example is secondary interactions, such as van der Waals interactions between the catalyst surface and the pendant group of the intermediate, which can govern reaction select ...
... Production of H₂ by methanol reforming is of particular interest due the low cost, ready availability, and high hydrogen content of methanol. However, most current methods either require very high temperatures and pressures or strongly rely on the utilization of large amounts of base. Here we report an efficient, base-free aqueous-phase reforming of methanol homogeneously catalyzed by an acridine- ...
... Many enzymes utilize interactions extending beyond the primary coordination sphere to enhance catalyst activity and/or selectivity. Such interactions could improve the efficacy of synthetic catalyst systems, but the supramolecular assemblies employed by biology to incorporate second sphere interactions are challenging to replicate in synthetic catalysts. Herein, a strategy is reported for efficien ...
... We demonstrated how the special synergy between a noble metal single site and neighboring oxygen vacancies provides an “ensemble reaction pool” for high hydrogen generation efficiency and carbon dioxide (CO₂) selectivity of a tandem reaction: methanol steam reforming. Specifically, the hydrogen generation rate over single site Ru₁/CeO₂ catalyst is up to 9360 mol H₂ per mol Ru per hour (579 mLH₂ gR ...
... The mechanism of the asymmetric hydrogenation of prochiral enamides by well-defined, neutral bis(phosphine) cobalt(0) and cobalt(II) precatalysts has been explored using(R,R)-ⁱᴾʳDuPhos ((R,R)-ⁱᴾʳDuPhos = (+)-1,2-bis[(2R,5R)-2,5-diisopropylphospholano]benzene) as a representative chiral bis(phosphine) ligand. A series of (R,R)-(ⁱᴾʳDuPhos)Co(enamide) (enamide = methyl-2-acetamidoacrylate (MAA), meth ...
... Methanol synthesis on industrial Cu/ZnO/Al₂O₃ catalysts via the hydrogenation of CO and CO₂ mixture, despite several decades of research, is still puzzling due to the nature of the active site and the role of CO₂ in the feed gas. Herein, with the large-scale machine learning atomic simulation, we develop a microkinetics-guided machine learning pathway search to explore thousands of reaction pathwa ...
catalysts; electrodes; kinetics; mass transfer; methanol; oxidation; prediction
Abstract:
... The kinetics of electrode reactions including mass transfer and surface reaction is essential in electrocatalysis, as it strongly determines the apparent reaction rates, especially on nanostructured electrocatalysts. However, important challenges still remain in optimizing the kinetics of given catalysts with suitable constituents, morphology, and crystalline design to maximize the electrocatalyti ...
... Solution self-assembly of coil-crystalline diblock copolypeptoids has attracted increasing attention due to its capability to form hierarchical nanostructures with tailorable morphologies and functionalities. While the N-substituent (or side chain) structures are known to affect the crystallization of polypeptoids, their roles in dictating the hierarchical solution self-assembly of diblock copolyp ...
... The diazotization of nitrosemicarbazide (1) resulted in the formation and isolation of nitrocarbamoyl azide (2), which was thoroughly characterized by spectroscopic and structural methods. This compound shows surprising stability but also high reactivity and sensitivity, with a melting point of 72 °C and a detonative decomposition point at 83 °C. In addition, five selected salts were synthesized b ...
... The oxidative cleavage of C═C double bonds with molecular oxygen to produce carbonyl compounds is an important transformation in chemical and pharmaceutical synthesis. In nature, enzymes containing the first-row transition metals, particularly heme and non-heme iron-dependent enzymes, readily activate O₂ and oxidatively cleave C═C bonds with exquisite precision under ambient conditions. The reacti ...
... Generally, cobalt–N₂O₂ complexes show selectivity for hydrogen peroxide during electrochemical dioxygen (O₂) reduction. We recently reported a Co(III)–N₂O₂ complex with a 2,2′-bipyridine-based ligand backbone which showed alternative selectivity: H₂O was observed as the primary reduction product from O₂ (71 ± 5%) with decamethylferrocene as a chemical reductant and acetic acid as a proton donor in ...
... It has long been surmised that the circular polarization of luminescence (CPL) emitted by a chiral molecule or a molecular assembly should vary with the direction in which the photon is emitted. Despite its potential utility, this anisotropic CPL has not yet been demonstrated at the level of single molecules or supramolecular assemblies. Here we show that conjugated polymers bearing chiral side ch ...
Raman spectroscopy; active sites; geometry; methane; methanol; oxidation; temperature; zeolites
Abstract:
... Using UV–vis and resonance Raman spectroscopy, we identify a [Cu₂O]²⁺ active site in O₂ and N₂O activated Cu-CHA that reacts with methane to form methanol at low temperature. The Cu–O–Cu angle (120°) is smaller than that for the [Cu₂O]²⁺ core on Cu-MFI (140°), and its coordination geometry to the zeolite lattice is different. Site-selective kinetics obtained by operando UV–vis show that the [Cu₂O] ...
... Iodide is an essential promoter in the industrial production of acetic acid via methanol carbonylation, but it also contributes to reactor corrosion and catalyst deactivation. Here we report that iridium pincer complexes mediate the individual steps of methanol carbonylation to methyl acetate in the absence of methyl iodide or iodide salts. Iodide-free methylation is achieved under mild conditions ...
... The determination of the diiron core intermediate structures involved in the catalytic cycle of soluble methane monooxygenase (sMMO), the enzyme that selectively catalyzes the conversion of methane to methanol, has been a subject of intense interest within the bioinorganic scientific community. Particularly, the specific geometry and electronic structure of the intermediate that precedes methane b ...
activation energy; alloys; catalysts; copper nanoparticles; energy conversion; heat; hydrogen; irradiation; methanol; photocatalysis; solar energy; steam; temperature; thermal energy; transportation
Abstract:
... Methanol steam reforming (MSR) is a promising reaction that enables efficient production and safe transportation of hydrogen, but it requires a relatively high temperature to achieve high activity, leading to large energy consumption. Here, we report a plasmonic ZnCu alloy catalyst, consisting of plasmonic Cu nanoparticles with surface-deposited Zn atoms, for efficient solar-driven MSR without add ...
Lewis acids; acidity; active sites; catalysts; chlorides; enantioselectivity; methanol; sulfides
Abstract:
... We have designed and realized an efficient and operationally simple single-flask synthesis of imidodiphosphate-based Brønsted acids. The methodology proceeds via consecutive chloride substitutions of hexachlorobisphosphazonium salts, providing rapid access to imidodiphosphates (IDP), iminoimidodiphosphates (iIDP), and imidodiphosphorimidates (IDPi). These privileged acid catalysts feature a broad ...
... Selective methane oxidation is difficult chemistry. Here we describe a strategy for the electrocatalysis of selective methane oxidation by immobilizing tricopper catalysts on the cathodic surface. In the presence of dioxygen and methane, the activation of these catalysts above a threshold cathodic potential can initiate the dioxygen chemistry for O atom transfer to methane. The catalytic turnover ...
... The stepwise hydration of the benzonitrile•⁺ radical cation with one–seven H₂O molecules was investigated experimentally and computationally with density functional theory in C₆H₅CN•⁺(H₂O)ₙ clusters. The stepwise binding energies (ΔHₙ–₁,ₙ°) were determined by equilibrium measurements for C₆H₅CN•⁺(H₂O) and for •C₆H₄CNH⁺(H₂O)ₙ with n = 5, 6, and 7 to be 8.8 and 11.3, 11.0, and 10.0 kcal/mol, respect ...
active sites; carbon; catalysts; dissociation; hydrogen; hydrogen production; methanol; transportation
Abstract:
... Methanol–water reforming is a promising solution for H₂ production/transportation in stationary and mobile hydrogen applications. Developing inexpensive catalysts with sufficiently high activity, selectivity, and stability remains challenging. In this paper, nickel-supported over face-centered cubic (fcc) phase α-MoC has been discovered to exhibit extraordinary hydrogen production activity in the ...
Matthew C. Simons; Steven D. Prinslow; Melike Babucci; Adam S. Hoffman; Jiyun Hong; Jenny G. Vitillo; Simon R. Bare; Bruce C. Gates; Connie C. Lu; Laura Gagliardi; Aditya Bhan
... Recent work has exploited the ability of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) to isolate Fe sites that mimic the structures of sites in enzymes that catalyze selective oxidations at low temperatures, opening new pathways for the valorization of underutilized feedstocks such as methane. Questions remain as to whether the radical-rebound mechanism commonly invoked in enzymatic and homogeneous systems als ...
... Direct and efficient oxidation of methane to methanol and the related liquid oxygenates provides a promising pathway for sustainable chemical industry, while still remaining an ongoing challenge owing to the dilemma between methane activation and overoxidation. Here, ZnO with highly dispersed dual Au and Cu species as cocatalysts enables efficient and selective photocatalytic conversion of methane ...
adsorption; batteries; carbon dioxide; desorption; durability; electric potential difference; electrochemistry; methanol; microstructure; nanopores; oxygen; platinum; renewable energy sources
Abstract:
... Fine-tuning the exposed active sites of platinum group metal (PGM)-based materials is an efficient way to improve their electrocatalytic performance toward large-scale applications in renewable energy devices such as Zn–air batteries (ZABs). However, traditional synthetic methods trade off durability for the high activity of PGM-based catalysts. Herein, a novel dynamic CO₂-bubble template (DCBT) a ...
... The asymmetric hydrogenation of α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids using readily prepared bis(phosphine) cobalt(0) 1,5-cyclooctadiene precatalysts is described. Di-, tri-, and tetra-substituted acrylic acid derivatives with various substitution patterns as well as dehydro-α-amino acid derivatives were hydrogenated with high yields and enantioselectivities, affording chiral carboxylic acids including ...
... In nature, methane is oxidized to methanol by two enzymes, the iron-dependent soluble methane monooxygenase (sMMO) and the copper-dependent particulate MMO (pMMO). While sMMO’s diiron metal active site is spectroscopically and structurally well-characterized, pMMO’s copper sites are not. Recent EPR and ENDOR studies have established the presence of two monocopper sites, but the coordination enviro ...
... Lattice engineering on specific facets of metal catalysts is critically important not only for the enhancement of their catalytic performance but also for deeply understanding the effect of facet-based lattice engineering on catalytic reactions. Here, we develop a facile two-step method for the lattice expansion on specific facets, i.e., Pt(100) and Pt(111), of Pt catalysts. We first prepare the P ...
Emil Sebastian Gutterød; Sri Harsha Pulumati; Gurpreet Kaur; Andrea Lazzarini; Bjørn Gading Solemsli; Anette Eleonora Gunnæs; Christian Ahoba-Sam; Maria Evangelou Kalyva; Johnny Andreas Sannes; Stian Svelle; Egill Skúlason; Ainara Nova; Unni Olsbye
... In catalysts for CO₂ hydrogenation, the interface between metal nanoparticles (NPs) and the support material is of high importance for the activity and reaction selectivity. In Pt NP-containing UiO Zr-metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), key intermediates in methanol formation are adsorbed at open Zr-sites at the Pt–MOF interface. In this study, we investigate the dynamic role of the Zr-node and the i ...
... The methanol-to-olefins process over H-SAPO-34 is characterized by its high shape selectivity toward light olefins. The catalyst is a supramolecular system consisting of nanometer-sized inorganic cages, decorated by Brønsted acid sites, in which organic compounds, mostly methylated benzene species, are trapped. These hydrocarbon pool species are essential to catalyze the methanol conversion but ma ...
... Single-site catalysts have drawn broad attention in catalysis because of their maximum atomic utilization and unique catalytic performance. Early work in our group has shown a 40-fold higher activity of methanol decomposition over single-site Pt₁/CeO₂ catalyst than CeO₂ supported 2.5 nm Pt nanoparticles, while a molecular-level understanding of such enhancement is lacking. Herein, the reaction mec ...
... The active site of methanol dehydrogenase (MDH) contains a rare disulfide bridge between adjacent cysteine residues. As a vicinal disulfide, the structure is highly strained, suggesting it might work together with the pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) prosthetic group and the Ca²⁺ ion in the catalytic turnover during methanol (CH₃OH) oxidation. We purify MDH from Methylococcus capsulatus (Bath) with ...
Francoise M. Amombo Noa; Erik Svensson Grape; Steffen M. Brülls; Ocean Cheung; Per Malmberg; A. Ken Inge; Christine J. McKenzie; Jerker Mårtensson; Lars Öhrström
... Nine metal–organic frameworks have been prepared with the hexagon-shaped linker 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakis(4-carboxyphenyl)benzene (H₆cpb) by solvothermal reactions in dimethylformamide (dmf) or dimethylacetamide (dmac) with acetic acid or formic acid as modulators: [Bi₂(cpb)(acetato)₂(dmf)₂]·2dmf CTH-6 forms a rtl-net; 2(H₂NMe₂)[Cu₂(cpb)] CTH-7 forms a kgd-net; [Fe₄(cpb)(acetato)₂(dmf)₄] CTH-8 and [Co₄( ...