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1. Comparison of Mammalian Communities in a Human-Disturbed Tropical Landscape in East Kalimantan, Indonesia

Author:
Rustam ; Yasuda Masatoshi; Tsuyuki Satoshi
Source:
Mammal study 2012 v.37 no.4 pp. 299-311
ISSN:
1343-4152
Subject:
Canis lupus; Rodentia; anthropogenic activities; camera trapping; dogs; forest fires; forests; habitat destruction; habitats; introduced species; landscapes; species diversity; trapping; Borneo; Indonesia
Abstract:
... To examine the impact of human disturbance on mammalian community in a human-disturbed tropical landscape in Borneo, we conducted a baited camera trapping study in East Kalimantan, Indonesia, from 2005 to 2010. Along a gradient of habitat degradation, we established four camera trapping sites within a 20-km radius, one in Sungai Wain Protection Forest and three in Bukit Soeharto Grand Forest Park. ...
DOI:
10.3106/041.037.0404

2. Designs to Reduce the Effect of Body Heat on Temperature Sensor in Board House of Gps Radio-Collar

Author:
Jiang Zhao-Wen; Takatsuki Seiki; Kitahara Masahiko; Sugita Mikio
Source:
Mammal study 2012 v.37 no.3 pp. 165-171
ISSN:
1343-4152
Subject:
Cervus nippon; aluminum; ambient temperature; animals; collars; fur; global positioning systems; heat; heaters; monitoring; neck; pasting properties
Abstract:
... The temperature sensor in board house of GPS radio-collar is for monitoring the ambient temperature of collared animals. We assumed that the effect of body heat of an animal on the temperature sensor would result in biased temperature reading and evaluated the reading by using GPS3300S collars (Lotek Wireless Inc.). We examined the bias by comparing the temperatures readings among collar sensors a ...
DOI:
10.3106/041.037.0301

3. Diet and Habitat use of Hispid Hare Caprolagus hispidus in Shuklaphanta Wildlife Reserve, Nepal

Author:
Aryal Achyut; Brunton Dianne; Ji Weihong; Yadav Hemanta Kumar; Adhikari Bikash; Raubenheimer David
Source:
Mammal study 2012 v.37 no.2 pp. 147-154
ISSN:
1343-4152
Subject:
Caprolagus hispidus; Imperata cylindrica; Saccharum spontaneum; adverse effects; biodiversity; breeding; breeding season; burning; conservation areas; diet; ecosystems; feces; grasses; grasslands; habitat preferences; habitats; hares; nests; pellets; population density; population size; predation; range management; risk; small mammals; Nepal
Abstract:
... Hispid hare Caprolagus hispidus is one of the less studied endangered small mammal species in the world. Hispid hare distribution includes the tropical grassland ecosystem in Nepal. Grassland fire is one of the management regimes used in this region and its impact on biodiversity is controversial. We investigated the diet and habitat use of hispid hare before and after a grassland fire at Shuklaph ...
DOI:
10.3106/041.037.0205

4. Dietary Partitioning in Sympatric Large Carnivores in a Tropical Forest of Western Ghats, India

Author:
Ramesh Tharmalingam; Kalle Riddhika; Sankar Kalyanasundaram; Qureshi Qamar
Source:
Mammal study 2012 v.37 no.4 pp. 313-321
ISSN:
1343-4152
Subject:
Axis axis; Bos gaurus; Cuon alpinus; Elephas maximus; Panthera pardus; Panthera tigris; Ratufa; Rusa unicolor; Semnopithecus entellus; biomass; carnivores; diet; mithuns; predation; predators; squirrels; surveys; tropical forests; India
Abstract:
... We investigated dietary partitioning among tiger Panthera tigris, leopard Panthera pardus and dhole Cuon alpinus in Mudumalai Tiger Reserve, India between January 2008 and April 2010 based on scat analyses and prey surveys. Scat analysis revealed that though the diet of the three predators consisted of 15 to 21 prey species, wild ungulates formed a major portion of their diet (88.4 to 96.7%). The ...
DOI:
10.3106/041.037.0405

5. Distribution, Occupancy and Activity Patterns of Goral (Nemorhaedus goral) and Serow (Capricornis thar) in Khangchendzonga Biosphere Reserve, Sikkim, India

Author:
Bhattacharya Tapajit; Bashir Tawqir; Poudyal Kamal; Sathyakumar Sambandam; Saha Goutam Kumar
Source:
Mammal study 2012 v.37 no.3 pp. 173-181
ISSN:
1343-4152
Subject:
probability; cameras; trees; anthropogenic activities; Capricornis thar; habitats; conservation areas; India
Abstract:
... We assessed the distribution, occupancy, and activity patterns of two rupicaprids viz., Himalayan goral Nemorhaedus goral and Himalayan serow Capricornis thar in the western part of the Khangchendzonga Biosphere Reserve, Sikkim, using camera traps during 2009–2010. Goral had the highest photo-capture rate (# photo/100 days) of 6.37 ± 3.02 in temperate habitats (n = 169) followed by 1.82 ± 1.27 in ...
DOI:
10.3106/041.037.0302

6. Feeding Behavior of the Orii's Flying-fox, Pteropus dasymallus inopinatus, on Mucuna macrocarpa and Related Explosive Opening of Petals, on Okinawajima Island in the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan

Author:
Toyama Chihiro; Kobayashi Shun; Denda Tetsuo; Nakamoto Atsushi; Izawa Masako
Source:
Mammal study 2012 v.37 no.3 pp. 205-212
ISSN:
1343-4152
Subject:
nose; nectar; reproduction; corolla; Mucuna macrocarpa; pollinators; honey bees; Pteropus; pistil; feeding behavior; throat; face; pollen; Ryukyu Archipelago
Abstract:
... The role of the Orii's flying-fox, Pteropus dasymallus inopinatus, in the reproduction of Mucuna macrocarpa was investigated through captive and wild observations on Okinawajima Island in the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan. When Orii's flying-fox fed on flowers of M. macrocarpa, it pushed its nose to the basal portion of the flowers to feed on nectar. This caused the hard petals of flowers to explode a ...
DOI:
10.3106/041.037.0304

7. Genetic Characterization of Northernmost Isolated Population of Asian Black Bear (Ursus thibetanus) in Japan

Author:
Yamamoto Toshiaki; Oka Teruki; Ohnishi Naoki; Tanaka Hirohisa; Takatsuto Nozomi; Okumura Yuri
Source:
Mammal study 2012 v.37 no.2 pp. 85-91
ISSN:
1343-4152
Subject:
Ursus thibetanus; microsatellite repeats; endangered species; mitochondrial DNA; gene flow; habitat fragmentation; genetic variation; genetic markers; Japan
Abstract:
... The Asian black bear inhabiting the Shimokita Peninsula, the northernmost part of Honshu, Japan, is categorized as one of the endangered local populations (LPs) in the list of threatened species under the Endangered Species Act. The Shimokita population has become geographically isolated and fragmented due to recent human activity. In this study, we conducted DNA sampling between 2005–2007 of two ...
DOI:
10.3106/041.037.0209

8. Genetic Variation and Population Structure of the Sable Martes zibellina on Eastern Hokkaido, Japan, Revealed by Microsatellite Analysis

Author:
Nagai Tomoko; Murakami Takahiro; Masuda Ryuichi
Source:
Mammal study 2012 v.37 no.4 pp. 323-330
ISSN:
1343-4152
Subject:
Martes; genetic variation; genotype; lakes; microsatellite repeats; mountains; population structure; rivers; Japan; Russia
Abstract:
... To assess the genetic variation and population structure of the sable Martes zibellina on eastern Hokkaido, Japan, we analyzed genotypes of 12 microsatellite loci on 48 individuals. Genotypes for all individuals examined were found to be different from each other. Mean observed and expected heterozygosites and allelic richness were calculated to be 0.52 (0.02–0.80), 0.58 (0.02– 0.79) and 5.49, res ...
DOI:
10.3106/041.037.0406

9. Horizontal and Elevational Distributions of Apodemus peninsulae, A. draco and A. latronum

Author:
Kaneko Yukibumi
Source:
Mammal study 2012 v.37 no.33 pp. 183-204
ISSN:
1343-4152
Subject:
Apodemus; coniferous forests; latitude; mice; China; India; Japan; Korean Peninsula; Mongolia; Myanmar; Russia; Taiwan
Abstract:
... Horizontal and elevational distributions of Apodemus peninsulae, A. draco and A. latronum are illustrated. A total of 1,355 museum specimens were identified by their cranial measurements and the size of t7 cusp on the first upper molar in 180 localities of Russia, Mongolia, China, Taiwan, Korea, Myanmar, India and Japan. Apodemus peninsulae belonged to “the northern pattern”, A. draco to “the sout ...
DOI:
10.3106/041.037.0303

10. Insectivory by Five Sympatric Carnivores in Cool-Temperate Deciduous Forests

Author:
Koike Shinsuke; Morimoto Hideto; Goto Yusuke; Kozakai Chinatsu; Yamazaki Koji
Source:
Mammal study 2012 v.37 no.2 pp. 73-83
ISSN:
1343-4152
Subject:
Carabidae; Formicidae; Martes; Meles meles; Nyctereutes procyonoides; Ursus thibetanus; Vulpes vulpes; badgers; deciduous forests; feces; feeding methods; forest insects; foxes; grasslands; habitat preferences; insectivores; microhabitats; Japan
Abstract:
... We studied insectivory by five carnivores—the Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus), Japanese marten (Martes melampus), Japanese badger (Meles meles), red fox (Vulpes vulpes), and raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides)—in a cool-temperate deciduous forest in Japan. From May 2003 to April 2005, we assayed 373 fecal samples (91 from bear, 158 from marten, 43 from badger, 36 from fox, and 45 from rac ...
DOI:
10.3106/041.037.0208

11. Intraspecific Phylogeny and Nucleotide Diversity of the Least Shrews, the Sorex minutissimus-S. yukonicus Complex, Based on Nucleotide Sequences of the Mitochondrial Cytochrome b Gene and the Control Region

Author:
Ohdachi Satoshi D.; Yoshizawa Kazunori; Hanski Ilkka; Kawai Kuniko; Dokuchaev Nikolai E.; Sheftel Boris I.; Abramov Alexei V.; Moroldoev Igor; Kawahara Atsushi
Source:
Mammal study 2012 v.37 no.4 pp. 281-297
ISSN:
1343-4152
Subject:
Sorex; biogeography; cytochrome b; genes; genetic variation; monophyly; nucleotide sequences; refuge habitats; shrews; Alaska; Eurasia; Finland; Japan; Norway; Scandinavia; Siberia
Abstract:
... Phylogenetic analysis was conducted for various populations of the Sorex minutissimus-S. yukonicus complex based on mitochondrial gene (cytochrome b and/or the control region) sequences. Sorex minutissimus was divided into some monophyletic groups in Eurasia; it was divided into 2 main groups, eastern and western Eurasian clades, based on combined data of the cytochrome b and the control region. M ...
DOI:
10.3106/041.037.0403

12. Karyotype of the Gansu Mole (Scapanulus oweni): Further Evidence for Karyotypic Stability in Talpid

Author:
He Kai; Wang Jin-Huan; Su Wei-Ting; Li Quan; Nie Wen-Hui; Jiang Xue-Long
Source:
Mammal study 2012 v.37 no.4 pp. 341-348
ISSN:
1343-4152
Subject:
Talpidae; chromosome aberrations; chromosome banding; chromosomes; diploidy; ecology; karyotyping; models; moles; phylogeny; phylogeography; China; North America
Abstract:
... Little is known about the ecology and evolution of the Gansu mole (Scapanulus oweni). The morphology of this monotypic genus (Talpidae, Eulipotyphla, Mammalia) indicates that it should fall into the tribe Scalopini. Although all the other scalopines are distributed in North America, S. oweni is endemic to Central and Southwest China. Previous studies have indicated that the chromosomes of talpid m ...
DOI:
10.3106/041.037.0408

13. Mesowear Analysis of the Japanese Sika Deer (Cervus nippon) in Different Food Habits: Its Limitations and Applicability

Author:
Yamada Eisuke
Source:
Mammal study 2012 v.37 no.2 pp. 93-103
ISSN:
1343-4152
Subject:
Cervus nippon; diet; eating habits; habitats; islands; paleoecology; statistical analysis; teeth; ungulates; Japan
Abstract:
... Mesowear analysis, one of the methods for reconstructing diets based on facet development on the occlusal surface of cheek teeth, has been applied mainly in extinct ungulates. To test how mesowear variables differ in same species from different habitats, this study investigated sika deer (Cervus nippon) from four localities (Urahoro, Nikko, Tsushima Islands, and Yakushima Island) in Japan. Data on ...
DOI:
10.3106/041.037.0210

14. Morphological Variation in External Traits of the Large Japanese Field Mouse, Apodemus speciosus

Author:
Shintaku Yuta; Kageyama Mariko; Motokawa Masaharu
Source:
Mammal study 2012 v.37 no.2 pp. 113-126
ISSN:
1343-4152
Subject:
Apodemus speciosus; alleles; body length; feet; habitat preferences; head; islands; mice; tail; Japan
Abstract:
... We analyzed morphological variation in external traits of Apodemus speciosus using 1,799 individuals collected throughout its entire distribution range. Clear geographic patterns were not observed in head and body length. Tail length was greater in the Hokkaido and Tokara-Nakanoshima populations and smaller in the Oki Islands populations. Ear length showed geographic trends within the Honshu popul ...
DOI:
10.3106/041.037.0202

15. Ossification Patterns of Basicranial Sutures in Manatees, Genus Trichechus

Author:
Hoson Osamu; Kawada Shin-ichiro; Oda Sen-ichi
Source:
Mammal study 2012 v.37 no.3 pp. 213-225
ISSN:
1343-4152
Subject:
Trichechus inunguis; Trichechus manatus; Trichechus senegalensis; bone formation; mammals; skull; sutures
Abstract:
... Skull morphological characters are used for species and subspecies identification in the manatees, but no comparative study has investigated skull growth. We examined progressive ossification in the cranial sutures of 251 skulls of West Indian manatees, 19 skulls of African manatees and 17 skulls of Amazonian manatees. Degrees of cranial suture fusion were evaluated based on gross observations of ...
DOI:
10.3106/041.037.0305

16. Partial Migration and Effects of Climate on Migratory Movements of Sika Deer in Kirigamine Highland, Central Japan

Author:
Takii Akiko; Izumiyama Shigeyuki; Taguchi Makoto
Source:
Mammal study 2012 v.37 no.4 pp. 331-340
ISSN:
1343-4152
Subject:
Cervus nippon; autumn; climate; deer; females; home range; juveniles; males; melting; migratory behavior; snow; snowmelt; summer; temperature; Japan
Abstract:
... Studies on migration pattern of sika deer in Japan are limited. We captured 27 sika deer and identified movement for 24 deer (17 females and 7 males) from 2008 to 2011 in Kirigamine Highland, Nagano, central Japan. Four juvenile males dispersed from their original home range, and we documented migration pattern for 23 deer (17 females and 6 males), including 3 dispersed males. Deer exhibited parti ...
DOI:
10.3106/041.037.0407

17. Phylogeographic Relationships of Scotophilus kuhlii between Hainan Island and Mainland China

Author:
Wenhua Yu; Chen Zhong; Li Yuchun; Wu Yi
Source:
Mammal study 2012 v.37 no.2 pp. 139-146
ISSN:
1343-4152
Subject:
gene flow; genetic variation; global warming; haplotypes; mitochondrial DNA; nucleotides; phylogeography; population growth; population structure; China
Abstract:
... Phylogeographic analysis of Scotophilus kuhlii between Hainan Island and Guangdong Province was conducted to validate the existence of two subspecies separated by the Qiongzhou Strait. A total of 37 individuals from 3 assumed populations (8 roosts) were examined using 617 bp mtDNA control region segments. Nineteen individuals from cross-strait populations of Hainan Island and the mainland shared 3 ...
DOI:
10.3106/041.037.0204

18. Population Genetic Structure of the Japanese Large-Footed Bat (Myotis macrodactylus) Along Three Rivers on Hokkaido Island, Northern Japan

Author:
Kobayashi Fumiya; Fukui Dai; Kojima Eisuke; Masuda Ryuichi
Source:
Mammal study 2012 v.37 no.3 pp. 227-235
ISSN:
1343-4152
Subject:
Myotis; cytochrome b; habitats; haplotypes; insectivores; mitochondrial DNA; mountains; phylogeography; population structure; principal component analysis; rivers; Japan
Abstract:
... Rivers are habitats favored by insectivorous bats. The Japanese large-footed bat (Myotis macrodactylus) is one of such species strongly associated with rivers. To clarify the population structure and migration pattern of M. macrodactylus, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) phylogeography was investigated in 15 subpopulations along three rivers (Tokachi, Ishikari and Teshio Rivers) on Hokkaido Island, north ...
DOI:
10.3106/041.037.0306

19. Reproductive Physiology of Hipposideros terasensis in Taiwan

Author:
Chen Chia-Hong; Lin Liang-Kong
Source:
Mammal study 2012 v.37 pp. 273-279
ISSN:
1343-4152
Subject:
Chiroptera; autumn; eggs; embryo implantation; females; fetal development; habitats; insemination; males; progesterone; spermatogenesis; testosterone; Taiwan
Abstract:
... Changes in habitat and resource availability have induced bats to develop strategies for reproductive delay, including the processes of insemination, embryo implantation, and fetal development. Hipposideros terasensis used the strategy of delayed embryonic development. Bats mated in autumn. Fertilized eggs implanted during the blastula stage, but remained dormant for as long as five months before ...
DOI:
10.3106/041.037.0402

20. Seasonal Habitat Partitioning between Sympatric Terrestrial and Semi-Arboreal Japanese Wood Mice, Apodemus speciosus and A. argenteus in Spatially Heterogeneous Environment

Author:
Sakamoto Shinsuke H.; Suzuki Satoshi N.; Degawa Yousuke; Koshimoto Chihiro; Suzuki Ryo O.
Source:
Mammal study 2012 v.37 no.4 pp. 261-272
ISSN:
1343-4152
Subject:
Apodemus speciosus; Pinus; autumn; bamboos; coniferous forests; grasslands; ground vegetation; habitat preferences; habitats; mixed forests; rodents; seasonal variation; spring; summer; temperate forests; understory
Abstract:
... Habitat partitioning can maintain the coexistence of species with very similar ecological traits. We studied habitat partitioning between terrestrial and semi-arboreal congeneric rodents (Apodemus speciosus and A. argenteus) that often coexist despite asymmetry in their competitive abilities. To understand seasonal and habitat variation in their partitioning, we evaluated seasonal variation in foo ...
DOI:
10.3106/041.037.0401

21. Seasonal Migration of Sika Deer in the Oku-Chichibu Mountains, Central Japan

Author:
Takii Akiko; Izumiyama Shigeyuki; Mochizuki Takashi; Okumura Tadanobu; Sato Shigeru
Source:
Mammal study 2012 v.37 no.2 pp. 127-137
ISSN:
1343-4152
Subject:
Cervus nippon; autumn; bamboos; deer; forage; global positioning systems; grasses; home range; migratory behavior; mountains; snow; summer; wildlife; winter; Japan
Abstract:
... Movements and seasonal home ranges of 6 GPS collared sika deer were investigated at the Oku-Chichibu Mountains, central Honshu, from April 2009 to March 2010. All deer migrated between discrete summer and winter home ranges. The linear migration distance ranged from 2.5 to 31.9 km. Mean elevation during the summer and the winter ranged from 980 to 1,782 m, and from 1,204 to 1,723 m, respectively. ...
DOI:
10.3106/041.037.0203

22. Comparative Humeral Microanatomy of Terrestrial, Semiaquatic, and Aquatic Carnivorans using Micro-Focus CT Scan

Author:
Nakajima Yasuhisa; Endo Hideki
Source:
Mammal study 2013 v.38 no.1 pp. 1-8
ISSN:
1343-4152
Subject:
bone formation; bone resorption; computed tomography; humerus; lifestyle; resorption
Abstract:
... In order to investigate the relationship between limb bone internal structure and the aquatic adaptation, we examined humeri of multiple carnivoran species of various lifestyles (terrestrial, semiaquatic, and aquatic) using micro-focus CT scanner. The transverse section image passing through the inferred center of ossification is analyzed in order to estimate the structural remodeling in periostea ...
DOI:
10.3106/041.038.0101

23. Comparative Morphological Examinations of the Cervical and Thoracic Vertebrae and Related Spinal Nerves in the Two-Toed Sloth

Author:
Endo Hideki; Hashimoto Osamu; Taru Hajime; Sugimura Keisuke; Fujiwara Shin-ichi; Itou Takuya; Koie Hiroshi; Kitagawa Masato; Sakai Takeo
Source:
Mammal study 2013 v.38 no.3 pp. 217-224
ISSN:
1343-4152
Subject:
Choloepus; computed tomography; evolution; mammals; nerve tissue; plexus; thoracic spine; vertebrae
Abstract:
... The cervical and thoracic regions including vertebrae, spinal nerves, and brachial plexus were examined by macroscopic and three-dimensional computed tomography observational scans in the two-toed sloth (Choloepus didactylus). This species possesses seven cervical vertebrae unlike closely related sloths, which possess varying number of cervical vertebrae ranging from five to ten. The large axis an ...
DOI:
10.3106/041.038.0310

24. A Comparative Study of the Fecal Characters of Japanese Serow (Capricornis crispus) and Sika Deer (Cervus nippon)

Author:
Yamashiro Asuka; Kamada Mahito; Yamashiro Tadashi
Source:
Mammal study 2013 v.38 no.2 pp. 117-122
ISSN:
1343-4152
Subject:
Capricornis; Cervus nippon; DNA; defecation; discriminant analysis; feces; pellets; species identification; surveys; ungulates; Japan
Abstract:
... The fecal pellets and fecal pellet group characters of two ungulates, the Japanese serow and sika deer, were compared in Tokushima, Japan, where the species occur sympatrically. Species identification based on 82 fecal DNA samples revealed that 28 and 54 fecal pellet groups were from Japanese serow and sika deer, respectively. The mean values of three fecal pellet groups characters, the maximum di ...
DOI:
10.3106/041.038.0207

25. Density of Japanese Macaque (Macaca fuscata yakui) Males Ranging Alone: Seasonal and Regional Variation in Male Cohesiveness with the Group

Author:
Otani Yosuke; Yoshihiro Shinichi; Takahata Yukio; Zamma Koichiro; Nagai Makiko; Kanie Masato; Hayaishi Shuhei; Fujino Masaya; Sugaya Kazusa; Sudo Masaaki; Amanai Shiori; Kaneda Masato; Tachikawa Yoshiharu; Fukunaga Yoshihiro; Okahisa Yuji; Higashi Kanako; Hanya Goro
Source:
Mammal study 2013 v.37 no.2 pp. 105-115
ISSN:
1343-4152
Subject:
vegetation types; males; cohesion; group behavior; population density; Macaca fuscata; lowlands; females; breeding season
Abstract:
... We conducted point censuses in Yakushima island to estimate the density of Japanese macaque (Macaca fuscata yakui) males ranging alone, focusing on its vegetational, seasonal, and regional variation. In highland areas, the detection frequency of males ranging alone did not differ among different types of vegetation, despite the latter's effect on overall population density. The detection frequency ...
DOI:
10.3106/041.037.0201

26. Environmental Factors for the Occurrence of the Smith's Red-Backed Vole, Eothenomys smithii, in Rocky Terrains at the Foot of Mt. Fuji in Central Japan

Author:
Tabata Mayuh; Iwasa Masahiro A.
Source:
Mammal study 2013 v.38 pp. 243-250
ISSN:
1343-4152
Subject:
Bryopsida; Eothenomys; environmental factors; forests; mountains; principal component analysis; regression analysis; trapping; traps; valleys; voles; Japan
Abstract:
... The relationship between environmental factors and the occurrence of the Smith's redbacked vole, Eothenomys smithii, was analyzed first by principle component analysis (PCA) to select factors and suitability of fit between capturing results of the voles, and subsequently by multiple regression analysis (MRA) to identify significant environmental factors affecting the occurrence of the vole. Six re ...
DOI:
10.3106/041.038.0408

27. Evaluation of Camera Trap Surveys for Estimation of Sika Deer Herd Composition

Author:
Ikeda Takashi; Takahashi Hiroshi; Yoshida Tsuyoshi; Igota Hiromasa; Kaji Koichi
Source:
Mammal study 2013 v.38 no.1 pp. 29-33
ISSN:
1343-4152
Subject:
wildlife; correlation; autumn; monitoring; herds; Cervus nippon; males; cameras; sex ratio; surveys; fawns; weather; seasonal variation; mortality; population structure; females; breeding season
Abstract:
... Camera trap method has been developed for monitoring wildlife, however, most studies using camera trap depend on baited camera sites to attract target wildlife. This is likely to bias estimates of population structure. We evaluated the use of non-baited camera trap for the estimation of herd composition of sika deer (Cervus nippon). Camera trap showed a distinct seasonal pattern in sex ratios (mal ...
DOI:
10.3106/041.038.0103

28. Food Habits of Indian Giant Flying Squirrel (Petaurista Philippensis Elliot) in Tropical Deciduous Forest, Rajasthan, India

Author:
Koli Vijay Kumar; Bhatnagar Chhaya; Sharma Satish Kumar
Source:
Mammal study 2013 v.38 no.4 pp. 251-259
ISSN:
1343-4152
Subject:
Diospyros melanoxylon; Madhuca longifolia; Petaurista; Terminalia bellirica; Terminalia elliptica; bark; branches; buds; deciduous forests; diet; eating habits; flowers; fruits; leaves; pith; seeds; squirrels; wildlife; India
Abstract:
... The feeding habits of Indian giant flying squirrels (Petaurista philippensis Elliot 1839) were studied in the Sitamata Wildlife Sanctuary, Rajasthan, India, from March 2009 to February 2010. Feeding by flying squirrels was arboreal and consisted entirely of plant materials. Based on 5,071 feeding records, 20 plant species belonging to 13 families were used. Madhuca longifolia was the most eaten sp ...
DOI:
10.3106/041.038.0409

29. Home Range, Habitat Selection, and Activity of Male Asian House Shrews, Suncus murinus, on Okinawa-Jima Island

Author:
Nakamoto Atsushi; Nakanishi Nozomi
Source:
Mammal study 2013 v.38 no.3 pp. 147-153
ISSN:
1343-4152
Subject:
Suncus murinus; captive animals; floors; foraging; grasslands; habitats; home range; laboratory animals; males; nocturnal activity; radio telemetry; residential areas; shrews; surveys; Japan
Abstract:
... The Asian house shrew (Suncus murinus) is a commensal species whose has become widespread across the Old World due to human activities. This species has been well studied in captivity as a laboratory animal; however, in the wild, its ecological habits are not well investigated. We conducted radio-telemetry surveys to determine home range, habitat selection, and activity patterns of the Asian house ...
DOI:
10.3106/041.038.0303

30. Intra-Annual Dietary Variation in the Neotropical Otter from Southern Brazil

Author:
Sousa Kleisson S.; Saraiva Daniel D.; Colares Elton P.
Source:
Mammal study 2013 v.38 no.3 pp. 155-162
ISSN:
1343-4152
Subject:
Callichthyidae; Cichlidae; Lontra longicaudis; diet; ecology; feces; fish; foraging; rivers; seasonal variation; Brazil
Abstract:
... The scats of Lontra longicaudis are easily recognized in the field and provide basic information about its foraging ecology. Two questions were addressed regarding its diet: (I) Does the composition of prey vary temporally? (II) Does the dietary breath vary seasonally? We answered these questions based on scatological analyses. We carried out 12 field trips, once per month for a year, to collect s ...
DOI:
10.3106/041.038.0304

31. The Lamination of the Masseter Muscle in the Water Deer (Hydropotes inermis)

Author:
Sasaki Motoki; Kimura Junpei; Sohn Joonhyuk; Nasu Tetsuo; Kitamura Nobuo; Yasuda Masahiro
Source:
Mammal study 2013 v.38 no.2 pp. 91-95
ISSN:
1343-4152
Subject:
Cervidae; deer; mouth; muscles
Abstract:
... The lamination of the masseter muscle was gross anatomically examined in the water deer (Hydropotes inermis). We could distinguish several layers such as the M. masseter superficialis, M. masseter intermedius, M. masseter profundus, M. maxillo-mandibularis, and M. zygomaticomandibularis, The M. masseter superficialis was subdivided into lamina prima and lamina secunda. The lamina prima originated ...
DOI:
10.3106/041.038.0204

32. Locating Specimens of Extinct Tiger (Panthera tigris) Subspecies: Javan Tiger (P. T. sondaica), Balinese Tiger (P. T. balica), and Caspian Tiger (P. T. virgata), Including Previously Unpublished Specimens

Author:
Yamaguchi Nobuyuki; Driscoll Carlos A.; Werdelin Lars; Abramov Alexei V.; Csorba Gabor; Cuisin Jacques; Fernholm Bo; Hiermeier Michael; Hills Daphne; Hunter Luke; Itakura Hiroyuki; Johansson Ulf S.; Kascheev Vitaliy; Krohmann Katrin; Martin Thomas; Nowak-Kemp Malgosia; Pavlinov Igor Ya.; Renoud Francis; Tomsett Louise; Mije Steven van der; Zholnerovskaya Elena; Groves Colin; Kitchener Andrew C.; Nijman Vincent; Macdonald David W.
Source:
Mammal study 2013 v.38 no.3 pp. 187-198
ISSN:
1343-4152
Subject:
DNA; Panthera tigris sondaica; genetic techniques and protocols; multivariate analysis; natural history; phylogeny; phylogeography
Abstract:
... Recent advances in multivariate statistics, and in ancient DNA techniques, have greatly increased understanding of tiger phylogeography. However, regardless of advances in analytical methodology, researchers will continue to need access to specimens for morphological measurements and sampling for genetic analysis. The tiger has become increasingly endangered, and out of the nine putative tiger sub ...
DOI:
10.3106/041.038.0307

33. Measurement of Diet Preference and its Variability in Captive Northern Fur Seals (Callorhinus ursinus)

Author:
Kiyota Masashi; Okamura Hiroshi; Itou Hiroya; Suzuki Noriyasu; Kohyama Kaoru
Source:
Mammal study 2013 v.38 no.3 pp. 199-210
ISSN:
1343-4152
Subject:
energy content; Ammodytes hexapterus; seals; Oncorhynchus mykiss; Callorhinus; models; mackerel; lithium chloride; food choices; Pleurogrammus azonus; Todarodes pacificus; Gadus chalcogrammus; taste
Abstract:
... Diet preferences of three captive northern fur seals for seven prey items (Okhotsk atka mackerel, rainbow trout, common mackerel, walleye pollock, Pacific sand lance, horse mackerel, and Japanese common squid) were measured through repeated two-choice tests. Preference indices estimated from the paired consumption data using the normal Bradley-Terry model revealed the existence of diet preferences ...
DOI:
10.3106/041.038.0308

34. Multiple Origins of the Japanese Marten Martes melampus Introduced Into Hokkaido Island, Japan, Revealed by Microsatellite Analysis

Author:
Kamada Shouko; Murakami Takahiro; Masuda Ryuichi
Source:
Mammal study 2013 v.38 pp. 261-267
ISSN:
1343-4152
Subject:
Martes; alleles; farms; fur; genetic distance; genetic polymorphism; genetic variation; heterozygosity; introduced species; loci; microsatellite repeats; random mating; Japan
Abstract:
... The Japanese marten Martes melampus occurring on Hokkaido Island, Japan, is a domestic alien species, artificially introduced from their native distributional range. To reveal the genetic variation within the Hokkaido marten population and their relationships with native populations, we genotyped 14 individuals from Hokkaido using 10 microsatellite loci, and compared the genotype data with those o ...
DOI:
10.3106/041.038.0410

35. Relative Skull Growth of the Sperm Whale, Physeter macrocephalus, with a Note of Sexual Dimorphism

Author:
Nakamura Gen; Zenitani Ryoko; Kato Hidehiro
Source:
Mammal study 2013 v.38 no.3 pp. 177-186
ISSN:
1343-4152
Subject:
Physeter macrocephalus; body length; breeding; coasts; females; gender differences; lifestyle; males; sexual dimorphism; skull; Japan
Abstract:
... By using skulls of sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus), we analyzed the relative growth of skull length in relation to that of body length. We also analyzed the growth of various parts of the skull in relation to skull length. We used data of 3 males and 1 female collected off the coast of Japan and those of 4 males reported previously. In males, the proportion of skull length to body length inc ...
DOI:
10.3106/041.038.0306

36. The Reliance of the Golden Jackal (Canis aureus) on Anthropogenic Foods in winter in Central Bulgaria

Author:
Raichev Evgeniy G.; Tsunoda Hiroshi; Newman Chris; Masuda Ryuichi; Georgiev Dian M.; Kaneko Yayoi
Source:
Mammal study 2013 v.38 no.1 pp. 19-27
ISSN:
1343-4152
Subject:
Canis aureus; anthropogenic activities; diet; domestic animals; food availability; foods; foraging; habitats; jackals; people; pests; stomach; ungulates; winter; Bulgaria
Abstract:
... Wild canid foraging behaviour and regional abundance are often affected by the availability of anthropogenic food, supplementing natural diet. The feeding habitats of the golden jackal (Canis aureus) were compared between two populations in central Bulgaria, for which food availability and the extent of anthropogenic-modified habitat differed. Stomach contents were collected from hunting bags duri ...
DOI:
10.3106/041.038.0102

37. Road use by the Iriomote Cat (Prionailurus bengalensis iriomotensis) on Iriomote-Jima Island in Relation to its Herpetile Prey

Author:
Díaz-Sacco Juan José; Izawa Masako
Source:
Mammal study 2013 v.38 no.2 pp. 73-80
ISSN:
1343-4152
Subject:
Fejervarya; Prionailurus bengalensis; correlation; feces; frogs; habitats; linear models; lizards; mortality; road construction; roads; surveys; Ryukyu Archipelago
Abstract:
... The Iriomote cat is an endangered subspecies (CR on the Japanese Red List) found only on Iriomote-jima Island in the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan. One of the main factors threatening the Iriomote cat is the main paved road that contributes to traffic mortality of this wildcat and also alters its preferred lowland habitats with abundant prey. One of the reasons why the Iriomote cat appears on the road ...
DOI:
10.3106/041.038.0202

38. Scale-Dependent Den-Site Selection by American Black Bears in Mississippi

Author:
Waller Brittany W.; Belant Jerrold L.; Leopold Bruce D.; Evans David L.; Young Brad W.; Simek Stephanie L.
Source:
Mammal study 2013 v.38 no.3 pp. 211-216
ISSN:
1343-4152
Subject:
Ursus americanus; animals; energy efficiency; habitat preferences; habitats; landscapes; risk; streams; Mississippi
Abstract:
... Habitat selection is a hierarchical process in which animals select resources at varying spatial scales. Dens are a critical component of American black bear (Ursus americanus) habitat, yet scale-dependent den-site selection has received limited attention. Using habitat and topographic characteristics, we assessed scale-dependent den-site selection by 11 black bears during 20 den years in Mississi ...
DOI:
10.3106/041.038.0309

39. Sound Playback Surveys to Reveal the Distribution of Invasive Alien Pallas's Squirrels, Callosciurus erythraeus

Author:
Tamura Noriko; Kasahi Tatsuya; Kaneda Masato; Mitarai Nozomu; Shigeta Mayumi; Shigeta Yusuke; Yamasaki Fumiaki; Morisaki Masateru; Tsuda Tomoka; Ono Susumu; Hasegawa Nami; Waguri Makoto
Source:
Mammal study 2013 v.38 no.2 pp. 97-103
ISSN:
1343-4152
Subject:
Callosciurus; acoustics; antipredatory behavior; control methods; invasive species; monitoring; predators; squirrels; surveys; Japan
Abstract:
... The Pallas's squirrel (Callosciurus erythraeus) is one of the invasive alien species in Japan. Although control measures for this species have been attempted for a long time, the eradication has not succeeded and the populations continue to increase. To initiate control of the invasive alien squirrels as soon as possible, we have to detect their existence at low density stage soon after colonizati ...
DOI:
10.3106/041.038.0205

40. Summer Food Habits of the Asiatic Black Bears in Moor of Oze Area, Central Japan

Author:
Hashimoto Yukihiko; Anrui Tomohito
Source:
Mammal study 2013 v.38 pp. 235-241
ISSN:
1343-4152
Subject:
Symplocarpus foetidus; Ursus thibetanus; eating habits; feces; foods; foraging; habitats; heathlands; national parks; nutrient content; nutrition; summer; Japan
Abstract:
... We investigated the food habits of Asiatic black bears (Ursus thibetanus) in Oze National Park, Japan, and analyzed the abundance and nutritional content of skunk cabbage (Lysichiton camtschatcense) to evaluate the quality of moorland habitat for foraging bears. Analysis of 141 scats collected from August 2005 to September 2009 revealed that spadices of skunk cabbage were important food items in s ...
DOI:
10.3106/041.038.0407

41. Temporal Food Resource Correlates to the Behavior and Ecology of Food-Enhanced Long-Tailed Macaques (Macaca fascicularis)

Author:
Sha John Chih Mun; Hanya Goro
Source:
Mammal study 2013 v.38 no.3 pp. 163-175
ISSN:
1343-4152
Subject:
Macaca fascicularis; diet; food availability; foods; forests; fruits; habitat preferences; solid wastes; urban areas; Singapore
Abstract:
... We studied two groups of food-enhanced long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) that derived a quarter and half of their respective diets from anthropogenic food resources through human provisioning and feeding at refuse sites. The macaques alternated between feeding on natural food in the forest and feeding on anthropogenic food in adjacent urban areas. We found that dietary compositions of the ...
DOI:
10.3106/041.038.0305

42. Time Dependent Activity Pattern of Ganges River Dolphin Platanista gangetica gangetica and its Response to Human Presence in Upper Ganges River, India

Author:
Bashir Tawqir; Khan Afifullah; Behera Sandeep Kumar; Gautam Parikshit
Source:
Mammal study 2013 v.38 no.1 pp. 9-17
ISSN:
1343-4152
Subject:
Platanista gangetica; anthropogenic activities; dolphins; females; males; Ganges River; India
Abstract:
... Information on activity profile of the Ganges river dolphin (Platanista gangetica gangetica) and its responses to human interference were lacking. A study following focal animal sampling protocol with individual-follow method and assessment of human interference on dolphin occurrence and behavior was hence conducted. Based on logical reasoning and prior assumptions, dolphin activities were broadly ...
DOI:
10.3106/041.038.0110

43. Vigilance Efficiency and Behaviour of Bohor Reedbuck Redunca redunca (Pallas 1767) in a Savanna Environment of Pendjari Biosphere Reserve (Northern Benin)

Author:
Djagoun Chabi A. M. S.; Djossa Bruno A.; Mensah Guy A.; Sinsin Brice A.
Source:
Mammal study 2013 v.38 no.2 pp. 81-89
ISSN:
1343-4152
Subject:
animals; antipredatory behavior; conservation areas; feeding behavior; habitats; herd size; models; savannas; vegetation cover; Benin
Abstract:
... This study was performed to gain more knowledge about the Bohor reedbuck time budget and vigilance in a savanna habitat. Detailed data on the time-budget were collected through focal animal observation technique to determine whether the time budget activities of Bohor reedbuck was affected by vegetation cover and to test if herd size, position in herd, the age and sex affect vigilance efficiency. ...
DOI:
10.3106/041.038.0203

44. Ag-NORs Analysis in Three Species of Red-Backed Voles, with a Consideration of Generic Allocation of Anderson's Red-Backed Vole

Author:
Suzuki Takuma; Obara Yoshitaka; Tsuchiya Kimiyuki; Oshida Tatsuo; Iwasa Masahiro A.
Source:
Mammal study 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 91-97
ISSN:
1343-4152
Subject:
Clethrionomys; Eothenomys; acrocentric chromosomes; autosomes; chromosome banding; diploidy; karyotyping; sex chromosomes; staining; voles
Abstract:
... To further make karyotaxonomic characterization of Anderson's red-backed vole (Eothenomys andersoni) certain, Ag-NOR-carrying chromosomes were identified by sequential G-band/silver staining in the red-backed voles Myodes (formerly Clethrionomys) rufocanus (Mru), E. andersoni (Ean), and E. smithii (Esm). These voles had the same diploid number (2n = 56), and their karyotypes scarcely differed from ...
DOI:
10.3106/041.039.0204

45. Behavioral Traits of Damage-Causing Sika Deer: Open Land Preference

Author:
Honda Takeshi; Miyagawa Yoshiki; Kuwata Hiroshi; Yamasaki Shuhei; Iijima Hayato
Source:
Mammal study 2014 v.39 no.1 pp. 27-32
ISSN:
1343-4152
Subject:
Cervus nippon; animal behavior; behavior change; cameras; crop damage; deer; orchards; population growth; population size; summer; wildlife; wildlife damage management
Abstract:
... Although population size is one factor affecting the intensity of wildlife damage, the relationship between damage and population size is unclear. We propose a new hypothesis that: the open land preference affects the intensity of crop damage. We defined the open land preference based on the behavioral traits of each individual showing dependence on farmland. If the open land preference of a popul ...
DOI:
10.3106/041.039.0105

46. Diet and Feeding Habits of the Eurasian Otter (Lutra lutra): Experiences from Post mortem Analysis

Author:
Lanszki József; Bauer-Haáz Éva A.; Széles Gabriella L.; Heltai Miklós
Source:
Mammal study 2014 v.40 no.1 pp. 1-11
ISSN:
1343-4152
Subject:
Cyprinidae; Lutra lutra; amphibians; autumn; biomass; diet; fish; food composition; invertebrates; juveniles; males; mortality; rectum; roads; spring; stomach; summer; Hungary
Abstract:
... The diet composition and feeding habits of the Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) were studied by post mortem examination of individuals (n = 236) found dead in Hungary in order to test the dietary differences between sample types (stomach and rectum), calculation methods and different factors. A relationship was found between the summarized wet weight (W) and occurrence number (O) of food remains detec ...
DOI:
10.3106/041.040.0102

47. The Diet of Eurasian Otters in the Jajrood River System, Iran

Author:
Mirzaei Rouhollah; Danehkar Afshin; Abdoli Asghar
Source:
Mammal study 2014 v.39 no.1 pp. 33-41
ISSN:
1343-4152
Subject:
Alburnoides bipunctatus; Capoeta; Lutra lutra; Squalius cephalus; birds; cold season; crabs; diet; insects; minnows; rivers; seasonal variation; warm season; Iran
Abstract:
... The diet and feeding habits of Eurasian otters (Lutra lutra) were studied by spraint analysis over a one year period on the four sections of the Jajrood River, eastern Tehran. Two methods were used to estimate the proportions of different prey consumed: frequency of occurrence and score-bulk estimate. The number of prey categories in a spraint varied between one and four. Fish, crabs, birds and in ...
DOI:
10.3106/041.039.0106

48. A Difference in the Genetic Distribution Pattern between The Sexes in the Asian Black Bear

Author:
Ohnishi Naoki; Osawa Takeshi
Source:
Mammal study 2014 v.39 no.1 pp. 11-16
ISSN:
1343-4152
Subject:
Ursus thibetanus; animals; autocorrelation; females; gene flow; genetic correlation; haplotypes; males; microsatellite repeats; mitochondrial DNA
Abstract:
... The genetic structures of animal populations are influenced by the difference in the dispersal patterns of the sexes. To reveal effects caused by different dispersal systems between sexes on genetic structure, we examined the differences in the distribution of mitochondrial DNA in Asian black bears and compared the relationship between genetic correlation coefficients and pairwise distances of the ...
DOI:
10.3106/041.039.0103

49. Effectiveness of Noninvasive DNA Analysis to Reveal Isolated-Forest Use by the Sable Martes zibellina on Eastern Hokkaido, Japan

Author:
Nagai Tomoko; Murakami Takahiro; Masuda Ryuichi
Source:
Mammal study 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 99-104
ISSN:
1343-4152
Subject:
DNA; Martes; females; forests; genetic markers; home range; males; monitoring; urine; wintering grounds; Japan
Abstract:
... In order to assess importance of isolated forests as the wintering habitat of the sable (Martes zibellina) in eastern Hokkaido, Japan, we performed DNA analyses on 59 samples noninvasively collected in field (54 fecal, 3 urine and 2 hair samples). Consequently, 46 (41 fecal, 3 urine and 2 hair samples) of the 59 samples were recognized to have dropped from the sable. In addition, we successfully i ...
DOI:
10.3106/041.039.0205

50. Factors Affecting the Distribution of the Japanese Weasel Mustela itatsi and the Siberian Weasel M. sibirica in Japan

Author:
Sasaki Hiroshi; Ohta Kyoko; Aoi Toshiki; Watanabe Shigeki; Hosoda Tetsuji; Suzuki Hitoshi; Abe Mikiko; Koyasu Kazuhiro; Kobayashi Syuji; Oda Sen-ichi
Source:
Mammal study 2014 v.39 no.3 pp. 133-139
ISSN:
1343-4152
Subject:
Mustela sibirica; grasslands; habitats; mountains; paddies; plantations; trapping; villages; yearlings; Japan
Abstract:
... The vertical distribution of introduced Siberian weasels Mustela sibirica and endemic Japanese weasels M. itatsi in the Seburi Mountains in Kyushu, Japan, was examined from October 1996 to February 1998. Siberian weasels occurred near villages with paddy and cultivated fields, whereas Japanese weasels occurred in grasslands and plantations. The dispersion of yearlings destabilized the distribution ...
DOI:
10.3106/041.039.0302