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1. Cats were Responsible for the Headless Carcasses of Shearwaters: Evidence from Genetic Predator Identification

Author:
Junco Nagata; Atsushi Haga; Yuki Kusachi; Mikuni Tokuyoshi; Hideki Endo; Yuya Watari
Source:
Mammal study 2022 v.47 no.3 pp. 197-204
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Calonectris; DNA; Felis silvestris; Japan; cats; esophagus; genetic analysis; head; invasive species; predation; stakeholders; surveys
Abstract:
... The domestic cat Felis silvestris catus is known to be one of the most notorious invasive alien predators. Seabirds are typical taxonomic groups that have been impacted by free-ranging cats on islands, and their headless carcasses are frequently observed. We conducted genetic predator identification of the carcasses of streaked shearwater Calonectris leucomelas and described their characteristics ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2021-0047

2. Diet Composition and Prey Preference of Tiger, Leopard, and Dhole in Kalakkad-Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve, Southern Western Ghats, India

Author:
Bawa Mothilal Krishnakumar; Rajarathinavelu Nagarajan; Kanagaraj Muthamizh Selvan
Source:
Mammal study 2022 v.47 no.3 pp. 141-153
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Bos gaurus; Cuon alpinus; Panthera pardus; Panthera tigris; Rusa unicolor; Semnopithecus; biomass; diet; mithuns; predator-prey relationships; India
Abstract:
... Comprehensive information on prey availability and diet composition is important to formulate effective conservation strategies. Data on these of large apex predators, the tiger Panthera tigris, leopard Panthera pardus, and dhole Cuon alpinus, are deficient in Kalakkad-Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve, India, which harbors low prey density. Therefore, we investigated how these predators coexisted by par ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0058

3. Effects of Human Activity on the Fallen-Fruit Foraging Behavior of Carnivoran Species in an Urban Forest

Author:
Shigeru Osugi; Bruna Elisa Trentin; Shinsuke Koike
Source:
Mammal study 2022 v.47 no.2 pp. 113-123
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Meles; Nyctereutes procyonoides; badgers; forest litter; frugivores; fruits; humans; trees; urban forests
Abstract:
... The purpose of the present study was to determine whether and how the fruit-foraging behaviors of two frugivorous carnivorans, the raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) and Japanese badger (Meles anakuma), are influenced by the presence of humans. In the first investigation, we contrasted the frequency and duration of foraging visits to fruit-bearing trees in an urban forest and a mountain forest ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2021-0041

4. The European Mink (Mustela lutreola) on Kunashir Island: Confirmed Survival 40 years After Introduction

Author:
Aleksandr A. Kisleyko; Vladimir Dinets; Mikhail Y. Grishchenko; Evgenyi E. Kozlovskiy; Lyudmila A. Khlyap
Source:
Mammal study 2022 v.47 no.3 pp. 155-164
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Mustela lutreola; Neovison vison; cameras; data collection; databases; mink; snow
Abstract:
... In the early 1980s, the European mink (Mustela lutreola) was introduced on Kunashir [Kunashiri] Island in the Kuril [Chishima] Islands in order to preserve it in a region where its main competitor, the American mink (Neovison vison), is absent. We present records of the European mink on Kunashir in 2014–2021. In 23 cases, mink footprints were recorded on the snow or on sandbanks; in other nine cas ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2021-0044

5. The Genetic Diversity and Structure of the Feral Raccoon (Procyon lotor) Population in Shikoku Island, Japan

Author:
Tadashi Yamashiro; Yoshinori Kaneshiro; Asuka Yamashiro; Masayuki Maki
Source:
Mammal study 2022 v.47 no.3 pp. 189-196
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Japan; Procyon lotor; genetic structure; genetic variation; haplotypes; invasive species; mammals; microsatellite repeats; mitochondria; population genetics
Abstract:
... We explored the genetic diversity and population genetic structure of an invasive alien species, the raccoon Procyon lotor, which was introduced into the Shikoku Island of Japan, using sequences of the mitochondrial control region and 10 polymorphic microsatellite loci. In 80 individuals examined, we detected two genetically divergent haplotypes, indicating that two maternal lineages had been intr ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2021-0052

6. Origin and Abundance of Steller Sea Lions (Eumetopias jubatus) in Winter Haulout at Benten-Jima Rock Off Cape Soya, Hokkaido, Japan between 2012–2017

Author:
Yoko Goto; Takeomi Isono; Shun Ikuta; Vladimir Burkanov
Source:
Mammal study 2022 v.47 no.2 pp. 87-101
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Eumetopias jubatus; Japan; coasts; mammals; surveys
Abstract:
... Benten-Jima Rock, located off Cape Soya, Hokkaido, has been a Steller sea lion (SSL; Eumetopias jubatus) winter haulout for decades. The animals usually occupy the site from October to May. Observations have been sporadic, although the population count started to increase in 2005. We have monitored SSL numbers since 2012 using several survey methods, such as observation by direct counting and remo ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0029

7. Are Northeastern Forests of Bangladesh Empty? Insights from Camera-Trapping into Spatiotemporal Activity Pattern of Mammals in a Semi-Evergreen National Park

Author:
Tania Zakir; Harish Debbarma; Rafia Mahjabin; Rasel Debbarma; Zaber Khan; Md. Mizanur Rahman Minu; Fatima Tuz Zahura; Muntasir Akash
Source:
Mammal study 2021 v.46 no.4 pp. 1-17
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Cuon alpinus; Felis chaus; Herpestidae; Prionailurus bengalensis; Scandentia; biodiversity; camera trapping; forests; national parks; Bangladesh
Abstract:
... Bangladesh holds 191 km² semi-evergreen northeastern (NE) forests where systematic camera-trapping has never been carried out. An effort of 587 trap nights in Satchari National Park, a NE forest, revealed ten carnivores, two ungulates, two primates, two rodents, and one treeshrew (12 threatened in Bangladesh; of which three globally threatened; dhole and northern treeshrew were new discoveries). P ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0114

8. Are there Sexual Differences in the Autumn Food Habits of Raccoon Dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) in Suburban Area?

Author:
Ayaka Hasegawa; Yusuke Goto; Koji Yamazaki
Source:
Mammal study 2021 v.47 no.1 pp. 39-45
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Nyctereutes procyonoides; Procyon lotor; autumn; females; forage; humans; males; municipal solid waste; stomach; suburban areas
Abstract:
... We studied the autumn (September–November) food habits of the raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) by sampling the stomach contents of 64 individuals (male, n = 31; female, n = 33) killed on national roads in Ibaraki Prefecture. Our aim was to examine sex differences in the autumn food habits of raccoon dogs in suburban area where human related disturbances can occur on the raccoon dogs. The fre ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0079

9. Body Temperature Measurement Reveals the Reproductive Profile of Female Apodemus speciosus under Laboratory and Field Conditions

Author:
Akira Kuroyanagi; Rina Ukyo; Yoshinobu Kodama; Takeshi Eto; Yoshinobu Okubo; Ikuo Kobayashi; Seiji Ieiri; Tetsuo Morita; Shinsuke H. Sakamoto
Source:
Mammal study 2022 v.47 no.3 pp. 177-187
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Apodemus speciosus; body temperature; females; lactation; mammals; parturition; pregnancy
Abstract:
... This study illustrated body temperature (Tb) fluctuation during reproduction and discussed the effectiveness of measuring Tb for predicting the reproductive profile of female Apodemus speciosus both under laboratory and field conditions. Tb fluctuation was monitored for four breeding events in the laboratory and for three in the field. Individual variation in Tb fluctuation during reproduction was ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2021-0048

10. Caudal Vertebral Fragilities Related to Loss of a Tail Part in Two Species of the Japanese Field Mice

Author:
Masahiro A. Iwasa; Atsushi Hasegawa
Source:
Mammal study 2022 v.47 no.2 pp. 125-131
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Apodemus argenteus; autotomy; vertebrae
Abstract:
... In the Japanese field mice, Apodemus argenteus and A. speciosus, loss of a tail part has often been observed under natural conditions. Such loss is considered a way of avoiding damage during physical accidents and attacks. Here, we studied the types of losses, types of caudal breakages, and breakage positions along the tail. The losses mainly consisted of intervertebral breakage (inter-VB) and int ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0056

11. Characterization of Molecular Markers of Testicular Cells in Red Pandas (Ailurus fulgens styani)

Author:
Jun-Hui An; Ling He; Rong Hou; Zhi-Gang Cai; Dong-Hui Wang; Ke-Yu Shi; Song-Rui Liu; Chan-Juan Yue; Yu-Liang Liu
Source:
Mammal study 2021 v.46 no.3 pp. 197-204
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Ailurus fulgens; GATA transcription factors; Sertoli cells; adults; digestion; enzymatic reactions; immunohistochemistry; male fertility; mammals; reproductive efficiency; reproductive success; spermatogonia
Abstract:
... Self-sustained populations of captive red panda were challenged by low reproductive success rate. Defining the different types of testicular cell and increasing the knowledge of male fertility was critical for the improvement of reproductive efficiency in red panda captive populations. Here, we firstly report the histological structure in red panda testes at various ages. Besides, our data also sh ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0080

12. Contribution of Acorn Masting to Food Composition and Body Condition of and Crop Damage by Wild Boars (Sus scrofa) Inhabiting Evergreen Forests in Japan

Author:
Akitaka Omori; Eiji Hosoi
Source:
Mammal study 2021 v.47 no.2 pp. 65-75
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Castanopsis cuspidata; Japan; Sus scrofa; acorns; bamboos; body condition; crop damage; food composition; mammals; masting; stomach; wild boars
Abstract:
... We analyzed the stomach contents of wild boars (Sus scrofa) inhabiting evergreen forests in western Japan and found that they were dependent on the masting of acorns of Castanopsis cuspidata. The increased availability of C. cuspidata acorns positively affected their consumption by wild boars. In the good mast years, wild boars consumed C. cuspidata acorns from November to June of the following ye ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2021-0024

13. Development of a Camera-Installed Nest Box for Small Mammals and Its Application in Reproductive Schedule Estimation for the Okinawa Spiny Rat

Author:
Nobuhiko Kotaka; Masatoshi Yasuda; Takuya Shimada
Source:
Mammal study 2021 v.47 no.2 pp. 77-85
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Ryukyu Archipelago; adults; autumn; body size; cameras; models; nest boxes; nests; rats; reproduction; winter
Abstract:
... To estimate the reproductive schedule of the Okinawa spiny rat on the basis of its body size distribution, we developed a nest box with an auto-trigger camera. Three camera-installed nest boxes were used in the field in the northern part of Okinawa Island beginning in September 2015. The distance between eyes, an index of body size, was measured in 850 images of spiny rats. The reproductive schedu ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2021-0025

14. Diel Activity Patterns of Three Sympatric Medium-Sized Carnivores during Winter and Spring in a Heavy Snowfall Area in Northeastern Japan

Author:
Ryoga Watabe; Masayuki U. Saito
Source:
Mammal study 2021 v.46 no.1 pp. 69-75
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Japan; Procyon lotor; cameras; diel activity; forests; mammals; snow; spring; sympatry; winter
Abstract:
... In a heavy snowfall area in northeastern Japan, we clarified the diel activity patterns of and seasonal differences in three sympatric carnivores (red foxes, raccoon dogs, and Japanese martens) during winter and spring, and the interspecific differences among the activity patterns in each season. The activity time of the target species was obtained by camera-trap surveys at seven sites around the ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0039

15. Effects of Vegetation Structure on the Habitat Utilization of Free-Ranging Japanese Macaques (Macaca fuscata) in a Coniferous Plantation Area

Author:
Akira Chijiiwa; Akisato Nishimura
Source:
Mammal study 2021 v.46 no.2 pp. 143-152
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Japan; Macaca fuscata; bamboos; coniferous forests; deciduous forests; edge effects; food availability; food composition; food plants; habitat conservation; habitats; home range; mammals; rural areas; surveys; vegetation structure
Abstract:
... We studied home range use of crop-raiding Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) in Shiga Prefecture, central Japan, to address the effects of vegetation structure, specifically forest edge, on their habitat utilization. We compared the home range use of a troop inhabiting a rural area surrounded by a coniferous plantation with that of a troop inhabiting deciduous/coniferous forest mixed area. We then ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0069

16. External Morphological and Molecular Evidence of Natural Intrageneric Hybridization between Common and Indo-Pacific Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus × T. aduncus) from Japanese Waters

Author:
Daiki Inamori; Yuki F. Kita; Noriko Funasaka
Source:
Mammal study 2021 v.47 no.2 pp. 133-140
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Japan; Tursiops aduncus; Tursiops truncatus; body length; bycatch; dolphins; females; haplotypes; males; microsatellite repeats; mitochondrial DNA
Abstract:
... Hybrid cetaceans occur in both captive and natural environments. This study is the first to describe the external morphological and genetic characterizations of natural intrageneric hybridization between the common bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus, and the Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin, T. aduncus, in Japanese waters. In November 2019, a stray dolphin was seen in Moriura Bay, Wakayama, Jap ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2021-0039

17. Factors Affecting Pre-Denning Activity in Asian Black Bears

Author:
Seungyun Baek; Tadashi Iwasaki; Koji Yamazaki; Tomoko Naganuma; Akino Inagaki; Kahoko Tochigi; Maximilian L. Allen; Chinatsu Kozakai; Shinsuke Koike
Source:
Mammal study 2021 v.46 no.4 pp. 1-6
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Japan; Ursus thibetanus; hibernation; life history; mammals; process control
Abstract:
... Hibernation (denning) is an important aspect of the life history of Asian black bears (Ursus thibetanus), and denning chronology can be influenced by biotic and abiotic factors. We investigated activity patterns during the pre-denning period of Asian black bears using statistical process control in combination with activity sensors to quantitatively identify a marked reduction in activity from 200 ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0101

18. First Observation of Pregnancy and Parturition in a Captive Pantropical Spotted Dolphin (Stenella attenuata)

Author:
Shunya Ikeshima; Suguru Higa; Yuuta Mitani; Mariko Omata; Nozomi Kobayashi; Keiichi Ueda; Isao Kawazu
Source:
Mammal study 2021 v.46 no.4 pp. 1-6
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
appetite; body temperature; captive animals; dolphins; females; flukes; gestation period; males; parturition; pregnancy; progesterone
Abstract:
... A female pantropical spotted dolphin (Stenella attenuata) successfully mated with a mature male in captivity on April 13, 2017. This mating event was followed by an evaluation of the plasma progesterone concentration, appetite, and rectum temperature of the dolphin during pregnancy. We recorded the progesterone profiles during pregnancy, the gestation period, and the parturition events. The proges ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0066

19. First Record of Lineage IV of Rattus tanezumi (Rodentia: Muridae) from the southern Ryukyus, Japan

Author:
Masaharu Motokawa; Tomohisa Makino; Takashi O. Yato; Shinya Okabe; Tsunehiro Shiroma; Masanao Toyama; Hidetoshi Ota
Source:
Mammal study 2022 v.47 no.3 pp. 205-212
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Japan; cytochrome b; fauna; genes; mitochondria
Abstract:
... Based on mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequences, we report representatives of the Lineage IV of Rattus tanezumi (Rodentia: Muridae) from Miyakojima, Taramajima, and Yonagunijima Islands in the southern Ryukyus as the first record of the lineage from Japan. The new record of Lineage IV provides an addition to the mammal fauna of Japan essentially at the species level. Accordingly, the genus Ratt ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2022-0001

20. The Hole Size that the Japanese Marten (Martes melampus) can Pass through

Author:
Hironori Ueda; Soichiro Doyama; Yusuke Eguchi
Source:
Mammal study 2021 v.47 no.1 pp. 3-11
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Martes; body size; body weight; excreta; mammals; seasonal variation; summer; winter
Abstract:
... The Japanese marten (Martes melampus) invades houses through holes and causes excrement problems. These holes should be covered to prevent the marten's intrusion into houses. However, there is no information about what size of hole they can squeeze through. Therefore, we investigated the sizes of the holes that they could pass through using three reared individuals in summer and winter. We put a b ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2021-0010

21. Human–Macaque Conflicts in Shrinking Communities: Recent Achievements and Challenges in Problem Solving in Modern Japan

Author:
Hiroto Enari
Source:
Mammal study 2021 v.46 no.2 pp. 115-130
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Japan; Macaca fuscata; conflict management; mammals; people
Abstract:
... The populations of the Japanese macaque (Macaca fuscata), which were vulnerable until the early 20th century, have recently recovered. However, this recovery process has rarely been hailed as a conservation success, because it has triggered serious conflicts between people and the macaques. The key exacerbating causes of the conflicts have been the drastic changes in the interrelations between the ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2019-0056

22. Morphological and Molecular Recharacterization of the Rodent Genus Mus from Nepal Based on Museum Specimens

Author:
Makoto Kishimoto; Masaru Kato; Hitoshi Suzuki
Source:
Mammal study 2021 v.46 no.4 pp. 1-12
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Japan; Mus musculus; altitude; color; cytochrome b; fur; genes; geometry; mice; mitochondria; morphometry; museums; nose; phylogeny; skull; taxonomy; Nepal
Abstract:
... The taxonomy and phylogeny of the subgenus Mus, the Eurasian lineage of the genus Mus, remain unresolved, even for the house mouse (Mus musculus). While the subgenus is diverse in Asia, few studies cover both its morphology and molecular phylogeny. We re-examined 70 specimens identified as M. cervicolor that were collected from central Nepal in 1968 and 1975 and are currently deposited in the Hokk ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0065

23. New Humpback Whale Remains from the Holocene (Quaternary) of Osaka, Japan

Author:
Yoshihiro Tanaka; Hiroyuki Taruno
Source:
Mammal study 2021 v.46 no.4 pp. 1-6
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Holocene epoch; Japan; Megaptera novaeangliae; adults; body length; coracoid; humerus; scapula; whales
Abstract:
... The generic name of the humpback whale, Megaptera was named after their forelimb, which means a “large wing”. New whale remains (specimen number: OMNH-QV 60) including the right scapula, humerus, and radius from the Namba Formation, Holocene in Osaka, Japan is reported as a humpback whale, Megaptera novaeangliae based on diagnoses of the species; having reduced acromion and coracoid processes of t ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2021-0007

24. New Mitogenome of the Hainan Mole Mogera hainana and Taxonomic Implications Based on Molecular Data

Author:
Feiyun Tu; Xiaofei Zhai; Wenjing Zhao; Jichao Wang
Source:
Mammal study 2021 v.47 no.1 pp. 57-63
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Bayesian theory; mitochondria; mitochondrial genome; moles; phylogeny; China
Abstract:
... The Hainan mole Mogera hainana was described as a full species by Thomas (1910), but its taxonomic status of this animal has been debated since then and remains controversial. In this study, we determined the mitochondrial genome of M. hainana. We also estimated its phylogenetic relationships using mitochondrial Cytb and nuclear Rag1 genes and conducted molecular species delimitation analyses usin ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2021-0008

25. Observation of Infanticide in the Particolored Flying Squirrel (Hylopetes alboniger) from a Forest in Northeastern Bangladesh

Author:
Sabit Hasan; Hassan Al-Razi; Tanvir Ahmed; Habibon Naher; Sabir Bin Muzaffar
Source:
Mammal study 2021 v.46 no.3 pp. 265-268
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
adults; conspecificity; forests; national parks; sexual selection; Bangladesh
Abstract:
... Infanticide, the intentional killing of conspecific infants, has been observed widely in mammals, including squirrels. Several ground squirrels revealed this behavioral anomaly, yet no report has been published on the flying squirrels. We report an observation of killing an infant of the particolored flying squirrel (Hylopetes alboniger) by a conspecific adult intruder in Satchari National Park of ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0098

26. Predicting the Effect of Countermeasures for Crop-Raiding Japanese Macaques Using the Conditions of Human Settlements

Author:
Shota Mochizuki
Source:
Mammal study 2021 v.46 no.2 pp. 161-171
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
agricultural land; crop damage; electric fences; humans; models; questionnaires; surveys
Abstract:
... For macaque management, it is recommended that residents use countermeasures, such as psychological attacks using fireworks and other to drive macaques away from farmland. However, these require settlement-wide cooperation and continuous implementation. I surveyed residents within settlements and aimed to clarify the conditions under which countermeasures were successful. I hypothesized that the e ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0031

27. Seasonal Diel Activity Patterns of Three Sympatric Ungulates in Forested Area in Central Japan

Author:
Takashi Ikeda; Satuski Nakamori; Masaki Ando; Takumi Shirakawa; Takuya Okamoto; Masatsugu Suzuki
Source:
Mammal study 2021 v.47 no.1 pp. 47-56
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Cervus nippon; Japan; cameras; diel activity; forests; nocturnal activity; sympatry; wild boars
Abstract:
... The diel activity pattern is a key factor in the coexistence mechanism of sympatric wild animals, enabling temporal niche partitioning. Although previous studies on sympatric ungulates (sika deer, Japanese serow, and wild boar) have reported dietary and spatial niche partitioning, temporal niche partitioning in these sympatric ungulates is not well understood. In this study, we aimed to elucidate ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2021-0031

28. A Simple Cryopreservation Method for Efficient Isolation of Live Cells from Dead Animals

Author:
Michiya Sano; Ayako Kawanabe; Yaetsu Kurosawa; Yusuke Suzuki; Masahiro Takeda; Tomoaki Nakamura; Hisataka Iwata; Takehito Kuwayama; Koumei Shirasuna
Source:
Mammal study 2022 v.47 no.2 pp. 103-111
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
ambient temperature; biodiversity conservation; cryopreservation; cytokines; dead animals; gene expression; lipopolysaccharides; mice; polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid; probability; vitrification; wild boars
Abstract:
... Cryopreservation of somatic tissues and cells can be applied to biodiversity conservation. Although vitrification is widely used for tissue cryopreservation, it is challenging to obtain viable cells in facilities that lack adequate experimental tools, such as zoos. In this study, we established a simple tissue cryopreservation method for obtaining viable cells. Using mouse tissues of the ears and ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2021-0019

29. Trends in Habitat Use between Sympatric Sika Deer and Japanese Serow as Revealed by Camera Traps

Author:
Satsuki Nakamori; Masaki Ando
Source:
Mammal study 2022 v.47 no.3 pp. 165-176
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Cervus nippon; Japan; cameras; deer; forests; habitat preferences; habitats; snowpack; summer; sympatry; winter
Abstract:
... In response to severe vegetation degradation caused by sika deer in Japan, it is important to understand the habitat use trends of the sika deer and sympatric Japanese serows to promote the management and conservation of both species and their habitats. This study used camera traps to examine the trends of habitat use of the two sympatric ungulates in the Kuraiyama Experimental Forest (KEF) at Gif ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2021-0012

30. Abundance Estimates of Steller Sea Lions (Eumetopias jubatus) Off the Western Coast of Hokkaido, Japan

Author:
Kaoru Hattori; Toshihide Kitakado; Takeomi Isono; Orio Yamamura
Source:
Mammal study 2021 v.46 no.1 pp. 3-16
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Eumetopias jubatus; Japan; coasts; continental shelf; mammals; seasonal variation; spring; statistical analysis; Sea of Japan
Abstract:
... Aerial surveys were conducted to estimate the abundance of wintering populations of Steller sea lions (SSLs; Eumetopias jubatus) in the Sea of Japan originated from Russian waters using the line transect sampling method during spring from 2005 to 2019. The survey areas covered the continental shelf off the western coast of Hokkaido. A total of 28 196 km survey effort was made through the study per ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0030

31. Acoustic Detection of an Unknown Bat Species in Okinawa

Author:
Vladimir Dinets; Nicholas R. Friedman; Masashi Yoshimura; Masako Ogasawara; Evan P. Economo
Source:
Mammal study 2020 v.45 no.4 pp. 353-356
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Chiroptera; Ryukyu Archipelago; acoustics; echolocation; mammals; rare species; ultrasonics
Abstract:
... Pipistrelles of the genus Hypsugo are among the rarest bats in Japan, known from a handful of records. In June 2018, a sequence of echolocation calls apparently by a bat of this genus was recorded by an automatic ultrasound recorder on the island of Okinawa. The calls closely resemble H. pulveratus, a Chinese species never before recorded in Japan, and H. alaschanicus, a very rare species in Japan ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2019-0077

32. Bats (Chiroptera) of Bidoup Nui Ba National Park, Dalat Plateau, Vietnam

Author:
Son Truong Nguyen; Thomas J. O'Shea; Jeffery A. Gore; Khoi Vu Nguyen; Thanh Trung Hoang; Masaharu Motokawa; Phuong Huy Dang; Minh Duc Le; Tham Thi Nguyen; Tatsuo Oshida; Hideki Endo; Tuan Anh Tran; Hai Tuan Bui; Tu Ngoc Ly; Duong Thuy Vu; Hang Thi Chu; Tu Tan Vuong
Source:
Mammal study 2021 v.46 no.1 pp. 53-68
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Chiroptera; cryptic species; dry season; echolocation; habitats; insectivores; lactation; mammals; national parks; reproduction; species richness; wet season; Vietnam
Abstract:
... We determined species diversity, seasonal reproduction, and echolocation patterns in the bat community of Bidoup Nui Ba National Park (BNBNP), Lam Dong Province, on the Dalat Plateau of the Central Highlands of Vietnam. We documented 27 species with 211 individuals captured in 26 994 m² mist-net-hours and 3015 m² harp-trap-hours of effort. We found five species of pteropodids and 22 species of ins ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0024

33. Can Video Traps Reliably Detect Animals? Implications for the Density Estimation of Animals without Individual Recognition

Author:
Gota Yajima; Yoshihiro Nakashima
Source:
Mammal study 2021 v.46 no.3 pp. 189-195
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Japan; animal density; cameras; dogs; probability
Abstract:
... Several statistical models have recently been developed to estimate animal density using camera trappings without individual animal recognition. However, most models assume that detection by camera traps of animals passing a specific area of the camera view is perfect. A recently developed REST model (Nakashima et al. 2018; Journal of Applied Ecology 55: 735–744) also depends on the trapping rates ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0055

34. Climate Change Alarms the Survival of Near Threatened Species Malayan Giant Squirrel (Ratufa bicolor Sparrman, 1778) in India

Author:
Paromit Chatterjee; Basudev Tripathy; Kailash Chandra; Goutam Kumar Saha; Krishnendu Mondal
Source:
Mammal study 2020 v.45 no.4 pp. 289-302
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Ratufa; climate change; ex situ conservation; extinction; forest health; geographical distribution; habitats; herbivores; indicator species; squirrels; threatened species; India
Abstract:
... Ratufa bicolor is a diurnal, arboreal, and herbivorous rodent occurs mainly in evergreen and semi-evergreen forests of north-eastern India and known to be one of the forest health indicator species. The present study was conducted to enumerate the climatic factors governing the distribution of R. bicolor in its habitat range in India and their climatic refuge in the middle of the 21st century, bas ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0011

35. Comparative Morphology of the Male Genitalia of Japanese Muroidea Species

Author:
Takashi O. Yato; Masaharu Motokawa
Source:
Mammal study 2021 v.46 no.4 pp. 1-10
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Apodemus speciosus; Cricetidae; blood; bone formation; cartilage; histology; male genitalia; mammals; penis
Abstract:
... We examined the morphology of the male genitalia of six Muridae and five Cricetidae in the Muroidea focusing on the medial and lateral bacular mounds, as well as their ossification patterns to discuss the diversity and the movement mechanism of the trident structure. All examined species possessed a medial bacular mound and two lateral bacular mounds, which collectively formed a trident structure. ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0096

36. Comparison of Age-at-Death Patterns in the Irruption and Post-Population-Crash Phases of an Introduced Sika Deer (Cervus nippon) Population

Author:
Kazutaka M. Takeshita; Mugino O. Kubo; Mayumi Ueno; Mari Ishizaki; Hiroshi Takahashi; Tsuyoshi Yoshida; Hiromasa Igota; Takashi Ikeda; Koichi Kaji
Source:
Mammal study 2021 v.46 no.1 pp. 77-84
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Cervus nippon; Japan; adverse effects; data collection; deer; fawns; probability; yearlings
Abstract:
... Age-specific changes in deer demographic parameters under food limitation are an important factor in predicting the post-population-crash dynamics of irruptive deer populations. To evaluate the differences in age-class-at-death between the initial irruption and post-population-crash phases of a sika deer (Cervus nippon) population, we analyzed a dataset of naturally dead carcasses from an introduc ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0009

37. Density Estimates and Habitat Preferences of the European Hare (Lepus europaeus) on Mountainous Areas in Italy

Author:
Naldi Lorenzo; Greco Ilaria; Ferretti Marco; Zaccaroni Marco
Source:
Mammal study 2020 v.45 no.2 pp. 123-131
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Lepus europaeus; altitude; climate; conservation areas; habitat preferences; habitats; hares; intensive farming; land cover; land use; models; mountains; population density; probability; vegetation; Italy
Abstract:
... The European hare (Lepus europaeus) populations are declining throughout Europe due to intensive agriculture and hunting pressure. In Italy, information on this species is biased and focused on plain terrains, while data over mountains are scant. The study aimed to fill such a research gap, providing estimates on the population density and habitat preferences on a suboptimal mountainous environmen ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2019-0057

38. Diet of Mass-Stranded Striped Dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba) in Southern Japan (East China Sea)

Author:
Ayaka Matsuda; Tadasu K. Yamada; Yuko Tajima; Tatsuya Kunisue; Masao Amano; Takashi F. Matsuishi
Source:
Mammal study 2020 v.46 no.1 pp. 17-24
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Japan; Loliginidae; Ommastrephidae; Stenella coeruleoalba; chi-square distribution; diet; females; males; muscles; prey species; stomach; East China Sea
Abstract:
... Striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba) mass-stranded on 26 April 2013 at Minamisatsuma, Kagoshima Prefecture, in southern Japan (East China Sea). The diet of the mass-stranded striped dolphins was investigated to reveal their foraging pattern through analyses of the stomach contents and stable isotopes in muscle. Of 26 stomachs sampled, 25 contained hard parts of prey animals; no fleshy remains ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0005

39. Dietary Protein Deficiency Affects Food Consumption and Torpor in the African Woodland Dormouse (Graphiurus murinus)

Author:
Takeshi Eto; Sayako Hidaka; Hiroki Shichijo; Goro A. Nagura-Kato; Tetsuo Morita
Source:
Mammal study 2021 v.47 no.1 pp. 13-21
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Gliridae; cecum; coprophagy; dietary protein; energy content; energy intake; fermentation; food consumption; food shortages; high protein diet; hindgut; nutritional status; protein deficiencies; protein metabolism; resting periods; rodents; thermal stress; woodlands
Abstract:
... Many heterotherms employ torpor to conserve energy to cope with food shortage. Food shortage affects not only energy budgets but also other aspects of nutritional status. In addition to serving as an energy substrate, dietary proteins also provide vital nutrients including essential amino acids, some of which cannot be synthesized de novo. We evaluated the hypothesis that dietary protein deficienc ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0102

40. Different Responses of Endemic and Alien Tree Squirrels to Tree Seed Chemicals

Author:
Noriko Tamura; Mutsumi Ito; Fumio Hayashi
Source:
Mammal study 2021 v.46 no.3 pp. 237-250
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Callosciurus; Quercus; food choices; food consumption; introduced species; limonene; tannins; trees
Abstract:
... Quercus acorns and coniferous cones are the main food sources for tree squirrels, and the chemical contents of seeds, such as tannins and terpenes, are predicted to affect the squirrels' food preference. The tolerance of squirrels to chemical contents may vary between species that have evolved in different environments. The consumption of artificial food containing tannic acids or terpenes were co ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0108

41. Estimation of Sexual Maturity Based on Morphometrics of Genital Organs in Male Northern Fur Seals, Callorhinus ursinus

Author:
Yukino Hirakawa; Takanori Horimoto; Ippei Suzuki; Yoko Mitani
Source:
Mammal study 2020 v.46 no.1 pp. 41-51
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Callorhinus ursinus; Japan; discriminant analysis; epididymis; fur; histology; males; morphometry; ontogeny; seasonal variation; sexual maturity; spermatogenesis
Abstract:
... It's not always possible to obtain samples from dead male pinnipeds that are fresh enough to determine the histological characteristics of spermatogenesis and their stage of sexual maturity. We propose that the morphometrics of genital organs of northern fur seals, Callorhinus ursinus, can be used as a new indicator of sexual maturity. We analyzed data from collected records of male fur seals arou ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0004

42. Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Scented Wooden Posts for DNA Hair Snagging of Brown Bears

Author:
Yoshikazu Sato; Hidetsugu Nakamura; Kobayashi Kyoko; Masanao Sekiguchi; Yuki Ishibashi; Tetsuji Itoh
Source:
Mammal study 2020 v.45 no.3 pp. 213-218
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
DNA; Ursus arctos; creosote; mammals; odors; oils; population density; probability; turpentine; wood
Abstract:
... Estimating population density and monitoring demographic trends of large carnivores are hard to be done, as they, in general, occur at very low population densities over large ranges and are often elusive. We tested the utility of artificially scented wooden rubbing posts as a tool for DNA hair snagging of brown bears (Ursus arctos), which can be used for noninvasive population monitoring. To dete ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2018-0045

43. Evolutionary and Anthropogenic Factors Affecting the Mitochondrial D-loop Genetic Diversity of Apodemus and Myodes Rodents on the Northern Slope of Mt. Fuji

Author:
Jun J. Sato; Haruka Aiba; Kouichi Ohtake; Shusaku Minato
Source:
Mammal study 2020 v.45 no.4 pp. 315-325
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Apodemus argenteus; Apodemus speciosus; Japan; Myodes; anthropogenic activities; biodiversity; genetic variation; mitochondria; national parks; roads; topographic slope
Abstract:
... Nucleotide sequences of the mitochondrial D-loop region were examined in three wild rodents (Apodemus argenteus, Apodemus speciosus, and Myodes smithii) on the northern slope of Mt. Fuji, the highest mountain in Japan, to elucidate the past evolutionary and present anthropogenic processes shaping their genetic diversity. Nucleotide diversity, median-joining network, and mismatch distribution analy ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0033

44. Factors Influencing Habitat-Use of Indian Grey Wolf in the Semiarid Landscape of Western India

Author:
Prashant Mahajan; Dharmendra Khandal; Kapil Chandrawal
Source:
Mammal study 2021 v.47 no.1 pp. 23-37
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Boselaphus tragocamelus; conservation areas; decline; forests; habitat destruction; habitat preferences; humans; landscapes; population size; probability; shrublands; wolves; India
Abstract:
... Wolves play a crucial role in shaping ecological communities as an apex predator in the dry-open forests of semi-arid landscapes in India. Large scale habitat loss pertaining to human expansion and retaliatory killing by human caused severe decline in the wolf population across its range. The estimated wolf population size is close to 2000–3000 individuals in India; however, these estimates were d ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2021-0029

45. A Fin Whale from the Holocene (Quaternary) of Osaka City, Japan

Author:
Yoshihiro Tanaka; Hiroyuki Taruno
Source:
Mammal study 2020 v.45 no.2 pp. 143-154
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Balaenoptera physalus; Holocene epoch; Japan; Pleistocene epoch; mammals; scapula; skull
Abstract:
... Specimen number OMNH-QV 4815, including the skull, mandibles, fused basihyal and thyrohyal, vertebrae, ribs, and scapula from the Namba Formation (Holocene), in Osaka City, Japan is identified as Balaenoptera physalus by having the thick anteriorly projected and laterally narrower basihyal and thyrohyal complex, and slender mandibles with laterally tilted coronoid processes. OMNH-QV 4815 is the se ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2019-0044

46. The First Record of Sumatran Serow, Capricornis sumatraensis (Bovidae, Cetartiodactyla), in Gunung Ledang Johor National Park, a Tropical Forest Remnant on the Southern Malay Peninsula

Author:
Ain Ahmad Bakri Faiznur; Masatoshi Yasuda; Mohamed Maryati; Ikram Sharuddin Adlil; Mohd Salleh Halid
Source:
Mammal study 2020 v.45 no.3 pp. 259-264
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Capricornis sumatraensis; Dipterocarpaceae; Elaeis guineensis; camera trapping; humans; national parks; tropical forests; Indonesia
Abstract:
... A 15-month camera-trapping study (7302 camera-days) was done in Gunung Ledang Johor National Park on the southern Malay Peninsula from July 2018 to October 2019. Six video images of the endangered Sumatran serow, Capricornis sumatraensis (Bovidae, Cetartiodactyla), were obtained. This is the first confirmation of a wild population of the species on the southern Malay Peninsula. Serows were photogr ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0022

47. First Record of the Long-Eared Bat (Plecotus; Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) on Urup Island Highlights the Obscure Taxonomic Problem

Author:
Ilya V. Artyushin; Yaroslav A. Red'kin; Kuniko Kawai; Sergei V. Kruskop
Source:
Mammal study 2020 v.46 no.1 pp. 33-40
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Plecotus; fauna; genes; geography; mammals; mitochondria; morphometry; skull
Abstract:
... Fauna of the Kuril Islands is understood insufficiently; in particular, the distribution and taxonomic relationships of bats in this territory are definitely understudied. Long-eared bats (Plecotus spp.) were first captured on the island of Urup during an expedition organized by the Russian Geographical Society in 2019. This capture became the first record of an indigenous land mammal on this isla ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0070

48. Food Habits and Habitat Utilization of the Japanese Badger (Meles anakuma) in a Grassland/Forest Mosaic

Author:
Koji Hijikata; Masato Minami; Hideharu Tsukada
Source:
Mammal study 2020 v.45 no.3 pp. 229-242
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Lumbricidae; Megascolecidae; Meles; badgers; biomass; dairy farming; diet; food availability; forests; fruits; grasslands; habitat preferences; habitats; soil; spring; staple foods; summer
Abstract:
... Like European badgers, Japanese badgers are known to use earthworms as a staple food. However, while European badgers mainly eat the family Lumbricidae, Japanese badgers are thought to primarily take the family Megascolecidae in forest areas. In this study, we investigated the feeding habits and habitat utilization of Japanese badgers inhabiting a mountainous dairy farm, where a previously less-in ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2019-0073

49. Genetic Analysis of a Newly Established Deer Population Expanding in the Sasebo Area in Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan Reveals No Evidence of Genetic Disturbance by Formosan Sika Deer

Author:
Junco Nagata; Masatoshi Yasuda; Asuka Yamashiro
Source:
Mammal study 2021 v.46 no.3 pp. 251-263
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Cervus nippon; Japan; deer; forestry; genetic analysis; haplotypes; hybridization; invasive species; mitochondrial DNA; vegetation
Abstract:
... Native sika deer (Cervus nippon) had not been observed in and around Sasebo City, Nagasaki Prefecture, Kyushu, Japan. However, deer have recently been confirmed in this area, and the number of individuals and the range have been expanding, causing damage to forestry and natural vegetation. Although the origin of these deer is unknown, it may be derived from Formosan sika deer (C. n. taiouanus), wh ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0084

50. Genetic Assessment on the Origin of Alien Macaques in the Boso Peninsula in Japan

Author:
Yoshi Kawamoto
Source:
Mammal study 2021 v.46 no.2 pp. 173-186
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Japan; Y chromosome; genes; haplotypes; hybridization; introduced species; mammals; microsatellite repeats; mitochondrial DNA; vaccines; China; Indochina
Abstract:
... Japanese macaques and alien macaques have hybridized in the Boso Peninsula, Chiba Prefecture, Japan. In this study, the origin of the alien species was investigated by molecular assessments with mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and Y-chromosome genes. Maternal origin was assessed by comparing mtDNA sequence records. The results suggested that the alien species in the southern part of peninsula originated ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0078