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energy intake; energy expenditure; environmental factors; etiology; genetics; obesity
Abstract:
... Energy intake and expenditure have been estimated in two groups of 4-5 year old children distinguished, not on the basis of their own weight, but according to the classification of their parents as being obese or non obese. Although the two groups did not differ in body size, the estimates of energy intake and expenditure, including expenditure at rest, were significantly lower in the group with o ...
shrubs; olefin; plant fats and oils; chaparral; pyrolysis; chemical constituents of plants; biomass; gasification; Arizona
Abstract:
... Arizona chaparral brush and tree species can be converted into high-grade liquid hydrocarbon fuels by indirect liquefaction in which pyrolysis is followed by catalytic liquefaction. Here we have examined various Arizona chaparral species and other woody plants for oil and hydrocarbon content and as biomass feedstocks for pyrolytic conversion to high-grade liquid fuels. Although no tested species c ...
carbon dioxide; mathematical models; stream flow; soil water content; air temperature; transpiration; climate change; watersheds; Arizona
Abstract:
... Historically, studies of the greenhouse effect of carbon dioxide (CO2) have dealt primarily with temperature and only secondarily with precipitation. In the latest report on this topic, however, the subject of streamflow is broached with an analysis which suggests that watersheds in the western United States will suffer 40-75% reductions in streamflow for a doubling of the atmospheric CO2 content, ...
... Conventional, intensive tillage farming systems have greatly increased crop production and labour efficiency. But, serious questions are being raised about the energy-intensive nature of these systems and their adverse effects on soil productivity and environmental quality1,2. This concern has led to an increasing interest in organic farming systems because they may reduce some of the negative eff ...
simulation models; botanical composition; humidity; global warming; forest ecology; forests; Northeastern United States
Abstract:
... Recent concern over the ecological effects of future trace-gas-induced climate change has accelerated efforts to understand and quantify climate-induced vegetation change. Here we discuss new and published climate-model results indicating that global warming favours increased rates of forest disturbance, as a result of weather more likely to cause forest fires (drought, wind and natural ignition s ...
acid deposition; air pollution; soil pollution; water pollution; watersheds; acidification; geochemistry; simulation models; Norway
Abstract:
... International efforts to control the emissions of the acidifying compounds SO2 and NOx to the atmosphere, and to establish critical loads, are in part aimed at predicting the long-term response of soils and waters to changes in acid deposition. Estimation of future long-term trends in acidification requires the use of models, the strict verification of which requires years or decades to determine ...
... The structure of the delta-endotoxin from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis that is specifically toxic to Coleoptera insects (beetle toxin) has been determined at 2.5 angstroms resolution. It comparises three domains which are, from the N- to C-termini, a seven-helix bundle, a three-sheet domain, and a beta sandwich. The core of the molecule encompassing all the domain interfaces is built ...
grasslands; soil; nitrogen fertilizers; methane; nitrous oxide; air pollution; Colorado
Abstract:
... Methane and nitrous oxide are long-lived, radiatively active trace gases that account for approximately 20% of the total anticipated atmospheric warming. The atmospheric concentrations of both gases have increased dramatically over the past few decades, and continue to increase at a rate of approximately 1.1 and 0.25% yr-1 for CH4 (ref. 2) and N2O (ref. 3) respectively. Increased biospheric produc ...
... THE SAC6 gene was found by suppression of a yeast actin mutation. Its protein product, Sac6p (previously referred to as ABP67), was independently isolated by actin-filament affinity chromatography and colocalizes with actin in vivo. Thus Sac6p binds to actin in vitro, and functionally associates with actin structures involved in the development and maintenance of cell polarity in vivo. We report h ...
... The induction of heat-shock transcription factor (HSF) binding to DNA is accomplished by a heat-induced oligomerization. The transition to the induced state is accompanied by a chromosomal redistribution of HSF to the heat-shock puff sites. Over 150 additional chromosomal sites also accumulate HSF, including developmental loci that are repressed during heat shock. These findings suggest an unfores ...
... The Knotted-1 (Kn1) locus is defined by several dominant gain-of-function mutations that alter leaf development. Foci of cells along the lateral veins do not differentiate properly, but continue to divide, forming outpocketings or knots. The ligule, a fringe normally found at the junction of leaf blade and sheath, is often displaced and perpendicular to its normal position. The phenotype is manife ...