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1. 'Devil's gardens' bedevilled by ants

Author:
Frederickson, M.E.; Greene, M.J.; Gordon, D.M.
Source:
Nature 2005 v.437 no.7058 pp. 495-496
ISSN:
0028-0836
Subject:
Rubiaceae; forest trees; Formicidae; mutualism; stems; insect nests; chemical ecology; formic acid; phytotoxicity; leaves; insect behavior; insect ecology; plant ecology; Amazonia
DOI:
10.1038/437495a

2. 'No entry' signal in ant foraging

Author:
Robinson, E.J.H.; Jackson, D.E.; Holcombe, M.; Ratnieks, F.L.W.
Source:
Nature 2005 v.438 no.7067 pp. 442
ISSN:
0028-0836
Subject:
trail pheromones; Monomorium pharaonis; insect communication; foraging
DOI:
10.1038/438442a

3. The 1996 Antarctic ozone hole

Author:
Hofmann, D.J.
Source:
Nature 1996 v.383 no.6596 pp. 129
ISSN:
0028-0836
Subject:
spring; ozone depletion; Antarctica
DOI:
10.1038/383129a0

4. AMP-kinase regulates food intake by responding to hormonal and nutrient signals in the hypothalamus

Author:
Minokoshi, Y.; Alquier, T.; Furukawa, N.; Kim, Y.B.; Lee, A.; Xue, B.; Mu, J.; Foufelle, F.; Ferre, P.; Birnbaum, M.J.
Source:
Nature 2004 v.428 no.6982 pp. 569-574
ISSN:
0028-0836
Subject:
hypothalamus; adenosine monophosphate; enzyme activity; hormonal regulation; leptin; insulin; glucose; nutrient availability; repletion; food intake; alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone; receptors; agonists; mice
Abstract:
... Obesity is an epidemic in Western society, and causes rapidly accelerating rates of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The evolutionarily conserved serine/threonine kinase, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), functions as a 'fuel gauge' to monitor cellular energy status. We investigated the potential role of AMPK in the hypothalamus in the regulation of food intake. Here we report that A ...
DOI:
10.1038/nature02440

5. APL regulates vascular tissue identity in Arabidopsis

Author:
Bonke, M.; Thifamadee, S.; Mahonen, A.P.; Hauser, M.T.; Helariutta, Y.
Source:
Nature 2003 v.426 no.6963 pp. 181-186l
ISSN:
0028-0836
Subject:
Arabidopsis thaliana; regulator genes; transcription factors; cell differentiation; phloem; roots; cell division; xylem; mutants; phenotype; embryogenesis; gene expression
Abstract:
... Vascular plants have a long-distance transport system consisting of two tissue types with elongated cell files, phloem and xylem. Phloem has two basic cell types, enucleate sieve elements and companion cells. Xylem has various lignified cell types, such as tracheary elements, the differentiation of which involves deposition of elaborate cell wall thickenings and programmed cell death. Until now, l ...
DOI:
10.1038/nature02100

6. An ARF-GEF acting at the Golgi and in selective endocytosis in polarized plant cells

Author:
Teh, O.K.; Moore, I.
Source:
Nature 2007 v.448 no.7152 pp. 493-496
ISSN:
0028-0836
Subject:
Arabidopsis thaliana; Golgi apparatus; endocytosis; G-proteins; guanosinetriphosphatase; plasma membrane
Abstract:
... Circumstantial evidence suggests that intracellular membrane trafficking pathways diversified independently in the plant kingdom, but documented examples are rare. ARF-GEFs (guanine-nucleotide exchange factors for ADP-ribosylation factor GTPases) are essential for vesicular trafficking in all eukaryotic kingdoms, but of the eight ARF-GEF families, only the ancestral BIG and GBF types are found in ...
DOI:
10.1038/nature06023

7. ATP-dependent reduction of cysteine-sulphinic acid by S. cerevisiae sulphiredoxin

Author:
Biteau, B.; Labarre, J.; Toledano, M.B.
Source:
Nature 2003 v.425 no.6961 pp. 980-984
ISSN:
0028-0836
Subject:
yeasts; adenosine triphosphate; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; fungal proteins; cysteine
Abstract:
... Proteins contain thiol-bearing cysteine residues that are sensitive to oxidation, and this may interfere with biological function either as 'damage' or in the context of oxidant-dependent signal transduction. Cysteine thiols oxidized to sulphenic acid are generally unstable, either forming a disulphide with a nearby thiol or being further oxidized to a stable sulphinic acid. Cysteine-sulphenic aci ...
DOI:
10.1038/nature02075

8. Abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome

Author:
Després, J.P.; Lemieux, I.
Source:
Nature 2006 v.444 no.7121 pp. 881-887
ISSN:
0028-0836
Subject:
abdomen; pathophysiology; metabolic syndrome; obesity
Abstract:
... Metabolic syndrome is associated with abdominal obesity, blood lipid disorders, inflammation, insulin resistance or full-blown diabetes, and increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Proposed criteria for identifying patients with metabolic syndrome have contributed greatly to preventive medicine, but the value of metabolic syndrome as a scientific concept remains controversial. The pre ...
DOI:
10.1038/nature05488

9. Abnormal splicing of the leptin receptor in diabetic mice

Author:
Lee, G.H.; Proenca, R.; Montez, J.M.; Carroll, K.M.; Darvishzadeh, J.G.; Lee, J.I.; Friedman, J.M.
Source:
Nature 1996 v.379 no.6566 pp. 632-635
ISSN:
0028-0836
Subject:
sequence analysis; hypothalamus; nutrition-genotype interaction; mutation; mice; chromosome mapping; nucleotide sequences; obesity; receptors
Abstract:
... Mutations in the mouse diabetes (db) gene result in obesity and diabetes in a syndrome resembling morbid human obesity. Previous data suggest that the db gene encodes the receptor for the obese (ob) gene product, leptin. A leptin receptor was recently cloned from choroid plexus and shown to map to the same 6-cM interval on mouse chromosome 4 as db. This receptor maps to the same 300-kilobase inter ...
DOI:
10.1038/379632a0
PubMed:
8628397

10. Abrupt rise in atmospheric CO2 overestimates community response in a model plant-soil system

Author:
Klironomos, J.N.; Allen, M.F.; Rillig, M.C.; Piotrowski, J.; Makvandi-Nejad, S.; Wolfe, B.E.; Powell, J.R.
Source:
Nature 2005 v.433 no.7026 pp. 621-624
ISSN:
0028-0836
Subject:
carbon dioxide; vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae; plant growth; mycorrhizal fungi; Bromus inermis; elevated atmospheric gases; species diversity; air pollution; Ontario
Abstract:
... Attempts to understand the ecological effect of increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration, [CO2], usually involve exposing today's ecosystems to expected future [CO2] levels. However, a major assumption of these approaches has not been testedthat exposing ecosystems to a single-step increase in [CO2] will yield similar responses to those of a gradual increase over several decades. We tested this as ...
DOI:
10.1038/nature03268

11. Absence of S6K1 protects against age- and diet-induced obesity while enhancing insulin sensitivity. [Erratum: 2004 Sept. 23, v. 431, no. 7007, p. 485.]

Author:
Um, S.H.; Frigerio, F.; Watanabe, M.; Picard, F.; Joaquin, M.; Sticker, M.; Fumagalli, S.; Allegrini, P.R.; Kozma, S.C.; Auwerx, J.
Source:
Nature 2004 v.431 no.7005 pp. 200-205
ISSN:
0028-0836
Subject:
high fat diet; blood lipids; animal proteins; free fatty acids; adipose tissue; blood glucose; age; mice; hormonal regulation; overeating; obesity; insulin; phosphorylation; enzyme deficiencies; enzyme activity
Abstract:
... Elucidating the signalling mechanisms by which obesity leads to impaired insulin action is critical in the development of therapeutic strategies for the treatment of diabetes. Recently, mice deficient for S6 Kinase 1 (S6K1), an effector of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) that acts to integrate nutrient and insulin signals, were shown to be hypoinsulinaemic, glucose intolerant and have red ...
DOI:
10.1038/nature02866

12. Absorption of ant-provided carbon dioxide and nitrogen by a tropical epiphyte

Author:
Treseder, K.K.; Davidson, D.W.; Ehleringer, J.R.
Source:
Nature 1995 v.375 no.6527 pp. 137-139
ISSN:
0028-0836
Subject:
epiphytes; Dischidia; mutualism; Formicidae; absorption; carbon dioxide; nitrogen; host plants; leaves; tropics; Malaysia
Abstract:
... Although ant-plant mutualisms have been described in many ecosystems, the magnitude of the direct benefits from such relationships are hard to quantify. In Bako National Park, Sarawak, Malaysia, stunted 'kerangas' forests occur on nutrient-poor sandstone hills. As trees are widely spaced and have a sparse leaf area, a significant amount of light reaches the tree trunks and enables a diverse commun ...
DOI:
10.1038/375137a0

13. Acclimatization of soil respiration to warming in a tall grass prairie

Author:
Luo, Y.; Wan, S.; Hui, D.; Wallace, L.L.
Source:
Nature 2001 v.413 no.6856 pp. 622-625
ISSN:
0028-0836
Subject:
prairies; prairie soils; soil microorganisms; soil temperature; global warming; soil water content; Oklahoma
Abstract:
... The latest report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) predicts a 1.4-5.8 degrees C average increase in the global surface temperature over the period 1990 to 2100 (ref. 1). These estimates of future warming are greater than earlier projections, which is partly due to incorporation of a positive feedback. This feedback results from further release of greenhouse gases from terres ...
DOI:
10.1038/35098065
PubMed:
11675783

14. Acetylation of histone H4 by Esa1 is required for DNA double-strand break repair

Author:
Bird, A.W.; Yu, D.Y.; Pray-Grant, M.G.; Qiu, Q.; Harmon, K.E.; Megee, P.C.; Grant, P.A.; Smith, M.M.; Christman, M.F.
Source:
Nature 2002 v.419 no.6905 pp. 411-415
ISSN:
0028-0836
Subject:
Saccharomyces cerevisiae; histones; lysine; acetylation; acyltransferases; DNA repair; DNA replication
Abstract:
... Although the acetylation of histones has a well- documented regulatory role in transcription, its role in other chromosomal functions remains largely unexplored. Here we show that distinct patterns of histone H4 acetylation are essential in two separate pathways of double-strand break repair. A budding yeast strain with mutations in wild-type H4 acetylation sites shows defects in nonhomologous end ...
DOI:
10.1038/nature01035
PubMed:
12353039

15. Actin dynamics in the contractile ring during cytokinesis in fission yeast

Author:
Pelham, R.J. Jr.; Chang, F.
Source:
Nature 2002 v.419 no.6902 pp. 82-86
ISSN:
0028-0836
Subject:
Schizosaccharomyces pombe; cell division; cytoskeleton; actin; polymerization
Abstract:
... Cytokinesis in many eukaryotes requires a contractile ring of actin and myosin that cleaves the cell in two. Little is known about how actin filaments and other components assemble into this ring structure and generate force. Here we show that the contractile ring in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe is an active site of actin assembly. This actin polymerization activity requires Arp3, t ...
DOI:
10.1038/nature00999
PubMed:
12214236

16. Actin polymerization is induced by Arp2/3 protein complex at the surface of Listeria monocytogenes

Author:
Welch, M.D.; Iwamatsu, A.; Mitchison, T.J.
Source:
Nature 1997 v.385 no.6613 pp. 265-268
ISSN:
0028-0836
Subject:
polymerization; membrane proteins; food pathogens; Listeria monocytogenes
Abstract:
... The pathogenic bacterium Listeria monocytogenes is capable of directed movement within the cytoplasm of infected host cells. Propulsion is thought to be driven by actin polymerization at the bacterial cell surface, and moving bacteria leave in their wake a tail of actin filaments. Determining the mechanism by which L. monocytogenes polymerizes actin may aid the understanding of how actin polymeriz ...
DOI:
10.1038/385265a0
PubMed:
9000076

17. Activation of floral meristem identity genes in Arabidopsis

Author:
Simon, R.; Igeno, M.I.; Coupland, G.
Source:
Nature 1996 v.384 no.6604 pp. 59-62
ISSN:
0028-0836
Subject:
genes; flowers; meristems; gene expression; flowering; Arabidopsis; transcription (genetics)
Abstract:
... The Arabidopsis floral meristem-identity genes APETALA1 (AP1) and LEAFY (LFY) confer floral identity on developing floral primordia, whereas TERMINAL FLOWER (TFL) is required to repress their expression within shoot and inflorescence meristems. LFY and AP1 are expressed in floral primordia in response to environmental conditions, such as day length, which regulate the onset of flowering, and presu ...
DOI:
10.1038/384059a0
PubMed:
8900276

18. Activation of the kinase Pelle by Tube in the dorsoventral signal transduction pathway of Drosophila embryo

Author:
Grosshans, J.; Bergmann, A.; Haffter, P.; Nusslein-Volhard, C.
Source:
Nature 1994 v.372 no.6506 pp. 563-566
ISSN:
0028-0836
Subject:
Drosophila melanogaster; enzyme activity; binding proteins; embryo (animal)
Abstract:
... The concentration of Dorsal protein in the nucleus determines cell fate along the dorsoventral axis of the Drosophila embryo. The dorsal-group genes and the cactus gene are required for production and transmission of a localized signal on the ventral side of the embryo which determines the position of the highest nuclear concentration of Dorsal protein. The ventralizing signal produced in somatic ...
DOI:
10.1038/372563a0
PubMed:
7527496

19. Active genes are tri-methylated at K4 of histone H3

Author:
Santos-Rosa, H.; Schneider, R.; Bannister, A.J.; Sherriff, J.; Bernstein, B.E.; Emre, N.C.T.; Schreiber, S.L.; Mellor, J.; Kouzarides, T.
Source:
Nature 2002 v.419 no.6905 pp. 407-411
ISSN:
0028-0836
Subject:
Saccharomyces cerevisiae; histones; lysine; methylation; gene expression; messenger RNA; genes
Abstract:
... Lysine methylation of histones in vivo occurs in three states: mono-, di- and tri-methyl. Histone H3 has been found to be dimethylated at lysine 4 (K4) in active euchromatic regions but not in silent heterochromatic sites. Here we show that the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Set1 protein can catalyse di- and tri-methylation of K4 and stimulate the activity of many genes. Using antibodies that discrimina ...
DOI:
10.1038/nature01080
PubMed:
12353038

20. Adaptive divergence in pigment composition promotes phytoplankton biodiversity

Author:
Stomp, M.; Huisman, J.; Jongh, F. de; Veraart, A.J.; Gerla, D.; Rijkeboer, M.; Ibelings, B.W.; Wollenzien, U.I.A.; Stal, L.J.
Source:
Nature 2004 v.432 no.7013 pp. 104-107
ISSN:
0028-0836
Subject:
white light; absorbance; Tolypothrix; interspecific competition; red light; Synechococcus; pigments
Abstract:
... The dazzling diversity of the phytoplankton has puzzled biologists for decades. The puzzle has been enlarged rather than solved by the progressive discovery of new phototrophic microorganisms in the oceans, including picocyanobacteria, pico-eukaryotes, and bacteriochlorophyll-based and rhodopsin-based phototrophic bacteria. Physiological and genomic studies suggest that natural selection promotes ...
DOI:
10.1038/nature03044