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You searched for: Journal Plant physiology Remove constraint Journal: Plant physiology Journal name Plant physiology Remove constraint Journal name: Plant physiology Publication Year 1997 Remove constraint Publication Year: 1997 Subject Triticum aestivum Remove constraint Subject: Triticum aestivum
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1. 8'-Methylene abscisic acid: an effective and persistent analog of abscisic acid

Author:
Abrams, S.R.; Rose, P.A.; Cutler, A.J.; Balsevich, J.J.; Lei, B.; Walker-Simmons, M.K.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.114 no.1 pp. 89-97
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
seed germination; Zea mays; chemical reactions; seedlings; cotyledons; biochemical pathways; carbon; transpiration; Triticum aestivum; growth retardation; gene expression; binding sites; abscisic acid; Lepidium sativum; synthesis; cell suspension culture
Abstract:
... We report here the synthesis and biological activity of a new persistent abscisic acid (ABA) analog, 8'-methylene ABA. This ABA analog has one additional carbon atom attached through a double bond to the 8'-carbon of the ABA molecule. (+)-8'-Methylene ABA is more active than the natural hormone (+)-ABA in inhibiting germination of cress seed and excised wheat embryos, in reducing growth of suspens ...

2. Al partitioning patterns and root growth as related to Al sensitivity and Al tolerance in wheat

Author:
Samuels, T.D.; Kucukakyuz, K.; Rincon-Zachary, M.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.113 no.2 pp. 527-534
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Triticum aestivum; roots; aluminum; quantitative analysis; dose response; phytotoxicity; cultivars; translocation (plant physiology); biological resistance
Abstract:
... Studies of Al partitioning and accumulation and of the effect of Al on the growth of intact wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) roots of cultivars that show differential Al sensitivity were conducted. The effects of various Al concentrations on root growth and Al accumulation inthe tissue were followed for 24 h. At low external Al concentrations, Al accumulation in the root tips was low and root growth w ...

3. Al-induced, 51-kilodalton, membrane-bound proteins are associated with resistance to Al in a segregating population of wheat

Author:
Taylor, G.J.; Basu, A.; Basu, U.; Slaski, J.J.; Zhang, G.; Good, A.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.114 no.1 pp. 363-372
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
cultivars; sulfur; protein synthesis; dose response; quantitative analysis; callose; phytotoxicity; radiolabeling; stress response; cytosol; microsomes; Triticum aestivum; aluminum; mitochondria; tonoplast; genetic variation; plasma membrane; genotype; protein composition
Abstract:
... Incorporation of 35S into protein is reduced by exposure to Al in wheat (Triticum aestivum), but the effects are genotype-specific. Exposure to 10 to 75 micromolars Al had little effect on 35S incorporation into total protein, nuclear and mitochondrial protein, microsomal protein, and cytosolic protein in the Al-resistant cultivar PT741. In contrast, 10 micromolars Al reduced incorporation by 21 t ...

4. Characterization of water channels in wheat root membrane vesicles

Author:
Niemietz, C.M.; Tyerman, S.D.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.115 no.2 pp. 561-567
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Triticum aestivum; roots; cell membranes; water uptake; measurement; osmotic pressure; membrane permeability; diffusion; mercury compounds; energy balance
Abstract:
... The functional significance of water channels in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) root membranes was assessed using light scattering to measure vesicle shrinking in response to osmotic gradients rapidly imposed in a stopped flow apparatus. Vesicles were obtained from both a plasma membrane fraction and a plasma membrane-depleted endomembrane fraction including tonoplast vesicles. Osmotic water permeab ...

5. Constitutively elevated levels of putrescine and putrescine-generating enzymes correlated with oxidant stress resistance in Conyza bonariensis and wheat

Author:
Ye, B.; Muller, H.H.; Zhang, J.; Gressel, J.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.115 no.4 pp. 1443-1451
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
biosynthesis; quantitative analysis; ornithine decarboxylase; chemical constituents of plants; arginine; stress response; genetic variation; putrescine; Triticum aestivum; paraquat; oxidation; genotype; herbicide resistance; enzyme activity; Conyza bonariensis; defense mechanisms
Abstract:
... Oxidant stress resistance in Conyza bonariensis and wheat (Triticum aestivum) has been correlated with high levels of antioxidant enzyme activities. Additionally, external oxidant stresses can increase a plant's levels of the enzymes of polyamine biosynthesis and polyamines, especially putrescine. We investigated the constitutive relationships between putrescine, putrescine-generating enzymes, and ...

6. Differential expression and properties of starch branching enzyme isoforms in developing wheat endosperm

Author:
Morell, M.K.; Blennow, A.; Kosar-Hashemi, B.; Samuel, M.S.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.113 no.1 pp. 201-208
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
hexosyltransferases; cultivars; Zea mays; biosynthesis; Oryza sativa; developmental stages; genetic variation; starch; endosperm; Triticum aestivum; nucleotide sequences; phosphates; kinetics; phosphorylation; enzyme activity; isozymes; seed development; Australia
Abstract:
... Three forms of starch branching enzyme (BE) from developing hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum) endosperm have been partially purified and characterized. Immunological cross-reactivities indicate that two forms (WBE-IAD, 88 kD, and WBE-IB, 87 kD) are related to the maize BE I class and that WBE-II (88 kD) is related to maize BE II. Comparison of the N-terminal sequences from WBE-IAD and WBE-II wit ...
PubMed:
9008395
PubMed Central:
PMC158131

7. Differential induction of lipoxygenase isoforms in wheat upon treatment with rust fungus elicitor, chitin oligosaccharides, chitosan, and methyl jasmonate

Author:
Bohland, C.; Balkenhohl, T.; Loers, G.; Feussner, I.; Grambow, H.J.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.114 no.2 pp. 679-685
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
protein synthesis; dose response; chitosan; seedlings; jasmonic acid; linoleate 13S-lipoxygenase; Puccinia graminis; Triticum aestivum; leaves; plant pathogenic fungi; oligosaccharides; chitin; enzyme activity; isozymes; protein composition
Abstract:
... A glycopeptide elicitor prepared from germ tubes of the rust fungus Puccinia graminis Pers. f. sp. tritici Erikss. & Henn (Pgt),as well as chitin oligosaccharides, chitosan, and methyl jasmonate (MJ) stimulated lipoxygenase (LOX) activity (E.C. 1.13.11.12) in wheat (Triticum aestivum) leaves. Immunoblot analysis using anti-LOX antibodies revealed the induction of 92- and 103-kD LOX species after P ...

8. Direct evaluation of the Ca2+-displacement hypothesis for Al toxicity

Author:
Ryan, P.R.; Reid, R.J.; Smith, F.A.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.113 no.4 pp. 1351-1357
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
calcium chloride; phytotoxicity; magnesium chloride; strontium; Triticum aestivum; aluminum; sodium chloride; binding sites; roots
Abstract:
... One explanation for Al toxicity in plants suggests that Al displaces Ca2+ from critical sites in the apoplasm. We evaluated the Ca2+-displacement hypothesis directly using near-isogenic lines of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) that differ in Al tolerance at a single locus. We measured both the growth and total accumulation (apoplasmic plus symplasmic) of 45Ca and Al into roots that had been exposed t ...

9. Genetic transformation of wheat mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens

Author:
Cheng, M.; Fry, J.E.; Pang, S.Z.; Zhou, H.P.; Hironaka, C.M.; Duncan, D.R.; Conner, T.W.; Wan, Y.C.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.115 no.3 pp. 971-980
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
developmental stages; neomycin; inheritance (genetics); genetic markers; callus; Agrobacterium radiobacter; explants; gene expression; Triticum aestivum; plant development; phosphotransferases (phosphomutases); enzyme activity; histochemistry; genetic transformation; gene transfer; transgenic plants; embryo (plant); rapid methods; plant morphology; genetic vectors; beta-glucuronidase
Abstract:
... A rapid Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation system for wheat was developed using freshly isolated immature embryos, precultured immature embryos, and embryogenic calli as explants. The explants were inoculated with a disarmed A. tumefaciens strain C58 (ABI) harboring the binary vector pMON18365 containing the beta-glucuronidase gene with an intron, and a selectable marker, the neomyc ...

10. Identification and characterization of a novel arabinoxylanase from wheat flour

Author:
Clemput, G.; Laere, K. van.; Hessing, M.; Leuven, F. van.; Torrekens, S.; Delcour, J.A.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.115 no.4 pp. 1619-1627
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Ceratocystis paradoxa; glycosidases; Aspergillus niger; seeds; Neurospora crassa; wheat flour; arabinose; Secale cereale; physicochemical properties; amino acids; Triticum aestivum; Avena sativa; food composition; hydrolysis; enzyme activity; protein composition
Abstract:
... An endogenous wheat (Triticum aestivum) flour endoxylanase was purified to homogeneity from a crude wheat flour extract by ammonium sulfate precipitation and cation-exchange chromatography. The 30-kD protein had an isoelectric point of 9.3 or higher. A sequence of 19 amino acids at the NH2 terminus showed 84.2% identity with an internal sequence of the 15-kD grain-softness protein, friabilin. High ...
PubMed:
9414565
PubMed Central:
PMC158628

11. Immunological detection of potential signal-transduction proteins expressed during wheat somatic tissue culture

Author:
Nato, A.; Mirshahi, A.; Tichtinsky, G.; Mirashahi, M.; Faure, J.P.; Lavergne, D.; Buyser, J. de.; Jean, C.; Ducreux, G.; Henry, Y.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.113 no.3 pp. 801-807
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
immunoassays; G-proteins; somatic embryogenesis; Triticum aestivum; phosphates; phosphotransferases (kinases); protein content; nucleosides; enzyme activity; tissue culture
Abstract:
... An immunochemical approach was used to detect the expression of putative guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G-proteins), arrestin, and nucleoside diphosphate kinases during wheat (Triticum aestivum) tissue culture initiated from immature embryos. Both the soluble and membrane extracts from the immature embryos revealed bands of 58, 40, and 16 kD with antibodies to G-protein (alpha subunit), arre ...
PubMed:
9085574
PubMed Central:
PMC158199

12. Importance of the chiral centers of jasmonic acid in the responses of plants. Activities and antagonism between natural and synthetic analogs

Author:
Holbrook, L.; Tung, P.; Ward, K.; Reid, D.M.; Abrams, S.; Lamb, N.; Quail, J.W.; Moloney, M.M.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.114 no.2 pp. 419-428
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Helianthus annuus; Brassica napus; measurement; chemical degradation; dose response; jasmonic acid; gene expression; Triticum aestivum; Nicotiana tabacum; esters; stereochemistry; enzyme activity; chemical structure; seed germination; transgenic plants; cotyledons; proteinase inhibitors; reporter genes; chemical constituents of plants; chlorophyll; beta-glucuronidase
Abstract:
... The importance of the two chiral centers at C-3 and C-7 in the molecular structure of jasmonic acid in plant responses was investigated. We separated methyl jasmonate (MeJA) into (3R)- and (3S)-isomers with a fixed stereochemistry at C-3, but epimerization at C-7 is possible. The four isomers of the nonepimerizable analog 7-methyl MeJA were synthesized. These six esters and their corresponding aci ...

13. Mechanosensitive expression of a lipoxygenase gene in wheat

Author:
Mauch, F.; Kmecl, A.; Schaffrath, U.; Volrath, S.; Gorlach, J.; Ward, E.; Ryals, J.; Dudler, R.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.114 no.4 pp. 1561-1566
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
messenger RNA; wind; dose response; seedlings; stress response; linoleate 13S-lipoxygenase; amino acid sequences; gene expression; transcription (genetics); Triticum aestivum; genes; enzyme activity
Abstract:
... Touch stimulation of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings led to a strong and dose-dependent increase in the level of lipoxygenase mRNA transcripts. The touch-induced response occurred within 1 h and was transient. A similar response was observed after wind treatment and wounding. The mechanical strain-regulated lipoxygenase might translate mechanical strain into lipoxygenase pathway-dependent g ...
PubMed:
9276964
PubMed Central:
PMC158451

14. Osmotic stress suppresses cell wall stiffening and the increase in cell wall-bound ferulic and diferulic acids in wheat coleoptiles

Author:
Wakabayashi, K.; Hoson, T.; Kamisaka, S.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.113 no.3 pp. 967-973
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Triticum aestivum; coleoptiles; ferulic acid; diferulic acid; quantitative analysis; osmotic pressure; mechanical properties; cell wall components; stress response
Abstract:
... The relationship between the mechanical properties of cell walls and the levels of wall-bound ferulic (FA) and diferulic (DFA) acids was investigated in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) coleoptiles grown under osmotic stress (60 mM polyethylene glycol [PEG] 4000) conditions. The cell walls of stressed coleoptiles remained extensible compared with those of the unstressed ones. The contents of wall-boun ...

15. Oxidative stress causes ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase solubilization from the thylakoid membranes in methyl viologen-treated plants

Author:
Palatnik, J.F.; Valle, E.M.; Carrillo, N.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.115 no.4 pp. 1721-1727
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
free radicals; stress response; NADP (coenzyme); binding proteins; oxidoreductases; biochemical pathways; transcription (genetics); Triticum aestivum; homeostasis; oxidation; solubility; protein content; chloroplasts; defense mechanisms
Abstract:
... The flavoenzyme ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase (FNR) is a member of the cellular defense barrier against oxidative damage in Escherichia coli. We evaluated the responses of chloroplast FNR to methyl viologen, a superoxide radical propagator, in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants and chloroplasts. Treatments with the herbicide showed little effect on the levels of FNR protein or transcripts, indicatin ...
PubMed:
9414570
PubMed Central:
PMC158638

16. Partial characterization of glutathione S-transferases from wheat (Triticum spp.) and purification of a safener-induced glutathione S-transferase from Triticum tauschii

Author:
Riechers, D.E.; Irzyk, G.P.; Jones, S.S.; Fuerst, E.P.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.114 no.4 pp. 1461-1470
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Zea mays; protein composition; diploidy; glutathione transferase; herbicide safeners; physicochemical properties; amino acid sequences; measurement; Nicotiana tabacum; Triticum aestivum; Triticum turgidum subsp. durum; leaves; dimethenamid; enzyme activity; isozymes; hexaploidy; shoots
Abstract:
... Hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) has very low constitutive glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity when assayed with the chloroacetamide herbicide dimethenamid as a substrate, which may account for its low tolerance to dimethenamid in the field. Treatment of seeds with the herbicide safener fluxofenim increased the total GST activity extracted from T. aestivum shoots 9-fold when assayed wit ...
PubMed:
9276955
PubMed Central:
PMC158439

17. Possible involvement of Al-induced electrical signals in Al tolerance in wheat

Author:
Papernik, L.A.; Kochian, L.V.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.115 no.2 pp. 657-667
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Triticum aestivum; roots; aluminum; phytotoxicity; cell membranes; membrane potential; measurement; potassium; ion transport; lanthanum; malic acid; exudation; cultivars; genetic variation
Abstract:
... The relationship between Al-induced depolarization of root-cell transmembrane electrical potentials (E(m)) and Al tolerance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was investigated. Al exposure induced depolarizations of E(m) in the Al-tolerant wheat cultivars Atlas and ET3, but not in the Al-sensitive wheat cultivars Scout and ES3. The depolarizations of E(m) occurred in root cap cells and as far back as ...

18. Purification and characterization of a beta-D-xylosidase and an endo-xylanase from wheat flour

Author:
Cleemput, G.; Hessing, M.; Oort, M. van.; Deconynck, M.; Delcour, J.A.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.113 no.2 pp. 377-386
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
xylan 1,4-beta-xylosidase; seeds; xylan; wheat flour; physicochemical properties; Triticum aestivum; food composition; hydrolysis; enzyme activity; protein composition
Abstract:
... A beta-D-xylosidase and an endo-xylanase were purified from European wheat (Triticum aestivum) flour. The beta-D-xylosidase had a molecular weight of approximately 64,000 and an isoelectric point of 5.5. It hydrolyzed p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-xylopyranoside and xylooligosaccharides and released D-xylose units from wheat arabinoxylan and oat spelts xylan. An endo-xylanase with a molecular weight of app ...

19. RNase activity decreases following a heat shock in wheat leaves and correlates with its posttranslational modification

Author:
Chang, S.C.; Gallie, D.R.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.113 no.4 pp. 1253-1263
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Triticum aestivum; seedlings; leaves; heat stress; ribonucleases; isozymes; phosphorylation; enzyme activity; measurement; messenger RNA; gene expression; stress response
Abstract:
... Heat shock results in a coordinate loss of translational efficiency and an increase in mRNA stability in plants. The thermally mediated increase in mRNA half-life could be a result of decreased expression and/or regulation of intracellular RNase enzyme activity. We have examined the fate of both acidic and neutral RNases in wheat seedlings that were subjected to a thermal stress. We observed that ...

20. SO4(2-) deprivation has an early effect on the content of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase and photosynthesis in young leaves of wheat

Author:
Gilbert, S.M.; Clarkson, D.T.; Cambridge, M.; Lambers, H.; Hawkesford, M.J.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.115 no.3 pp. 1231-1239
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase; sulfur; nutrient deficiencies; stress response; net assimilation rate; ontogeny; leaf conductance; Triticum aestivum; photosynthesis; enzyme activity; stomata; measurement
Abstract:
... Wheat (Triticum aestivum cv Chinese Spring) supplied with 0.45 mM SO42- for 14 d with relative growth rates (RGR) of 0.22 to 0.24 d-1 was deprived of S for 7 to 8 d. There was no significant effect on RGR or leaf development (leaf 2 length was constant; leaf 3 expanded for 2-4 d; leaf 4 emerged and elongated throughout the experiment) during the S deprivation. In controls the net assimilation rate ...

21. Sorption of aluminum to plasma membrane vesicles isolated from roots of Scout 66 and Atlas 66 cultivars of wheat

Author:
Yermiyahu, U.; Brauer, D.K.; Kinraide, T.B.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.115 no.3 pp. 1119-1125
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Triticum aestivum; roots; aluminum; phytotoxicity; ion transport; cations; anions; measurement; membrane potential; cultivars; genetic variation; plasma membrane; electron transfer; stress response
Abstract:
... To further elucidate the mechanisms of differential genotypic tolerance to Al, plasma membrane (PM) vesicles were isolated from whole roots, root tips, and tipless roots of Al3+-sensitive and Al3+-tolerantcultivars (cv) of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv Scout 66 and cv Atlas 66, respectively). Vesicles from cv Scout root tips sorbed more Al than vesicles prepared from any other source. The intrins ...

22. cDNA clones encoding 1,3-beta-glucanase and a fimbrin-like cytoskeletal protein are induced by Al toxicity in wheat roots

Author:
Cruz-Ortega, R.; Cushman, J.C.; Ownby, J.D.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.114 no.4 pp. 1453-1460
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Triticum aestivum; Brassica napus; Arabidopsis thaliana; Hordeum vulgare; Nicotiana tabacum; Pisum sativum; roots; aluminum; phytotoxicity; protein synthesis; actin; molecular weight; isoelectric point; beta-glucanase; cytoskeleton; protein composition; genetic code; complementary DNA; genes; gene expression; clones; cultivars; genetic variation; amino acid sequences; messenger RNA; stress response
Abstract:
... A cDNA library made from mRNA of Al-treated roots of an Al-sensitive wheat (Triticum aestivum cv Victory) cultivar was screened with a degenerate oligonucleotide probe derived from the partial amino acid sequence of the Al-induced protein TAl-18. Of seven clones that initially hybridized with the probe, one encoded a novel 1,3-beta-glucanase having a calculated molecular weight of 46.3 and an isoe ...
PubMed:
9276954
PubMed Central:
PMC158438

23. An electron paramagnetic resonance spin-probe study of membrane-permeability changes with seed aging

Author:
Golovina, E.A.; Tikhonov, A.N.; Hoekstra, F.A.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.114 no.1 pp. 383-389
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Triticum aestivum; wheat; membrane permeability; measurement; electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy; seed germination; viability; shelf life; postharvest physiology; germplasm; plasma membrane
Abstract:
... We developed an electron paramagnetic resonance spin-probe technique to study changes in the barrier properties of plasma membranes in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seeds during aging under dry storage. The estimation of these barrier properties was based on the differential permeability of membranes for the stable free radical 4-oxo-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy and the broadening agent fer ...