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You searched for: Journal Plant physiology Remove constraint Journal: Plant physiology Publication Year 1997 Remove constraint Publication Year: 1997
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1. A 28-kilodalton pod storage protein of French bean plants. Purification, characterization, and primary structure

Author:
Zhong, P.Y.; Tanaka, T.; Yamauchi, D.; Minamikawa, T.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.113 no.2 pp. 479-485
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Glycine max; protein synthesis; complementary DNA; genetic code; developmental stages; plant proteins; Phaseolus vulgaris; physicochemical properties; clones; amino acid sequences; ripening; nucleotide sequences; protein composition; pods
Abstract:
... When French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) plants were depodded in the early stages of fruit development, relative levels of a specific protein with a relative molecular weight of 28,000 were enhanced in the young pods that formed later. The protein, designated pod storage protein (PSP), was purified from extracts of newly formed pods from plants that had been previously depodded four times at interval ...
PubMed:
9046594
PubMed Central:
PMC158163

2. 7-Dehydrobrefeldin A, a naturally occurring brefeldin A derivative, inhibits secretion and causes a cis-to-trans breakdown of Golgi stacks in plant cells

Author:
Driouich, A.; Jauneau, A.; Staehelin, L.A.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.113 no.2 pp. 487-492
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Carthamus tinctorius; Alternaria carthami; plant pathogenic fungi; phytotoxins; biosynthesis; hydrolysis; esterases; enzyme activity; phytotoxicity; bioassays; Acer pseudoplatanus; cell suspension culture; Golgi apparatus; Bacillus subtilis
Abstract:
... 7-Dehydrobrefeldin A (7-oxo-BFA) is a brefeldin A (BFA) analog that, like BFA, is a potent phytotoxin of Alternaria carthami, a fungal pathogen of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) plants. Both BFA and 7-oxo-BFA have been shown to be causal agents of the leaf spot disease of these plants. We have investigated the effects of 7-oxo-BFA on the secretion and the structure of the Golgi stacks of syca ...
PubMed:
9046595
PubMed Central:
PMC158164

3. 8'-Methylene abscisic acid: an effective and persistent analog of abscisic acid

Author:
Abrams, S.R.; Rose, P.A.; Cutler, A.J.; Balsevich, J.J.; Lei, B.; Walker-Simmons, M.K.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.114 no.1 pp. 89-97
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
seed germination; Zea mays; chemical reactions; seedlings; cotyledons; biochemical pathways; carbon; transpiration; Triticum aestivum; growth retardation; gene expression; binding sites; abscisic acid; Lepidium sativum; synthesis; cell suspension culture
Abstract:
... We report here the synthesis and biological activity of a new persistent abscisic acid (ABA) analog, 8'-methylene ABA. This ABA analog has one additional carbon atom attached through a double bond to the 8'-carbon of the ABA molecule. (+)-8'-Methylene ABA is more active than the natural hormone (+)-ABA in inhibiting germination of cress seed and excised wheat embryos, in reducing growth of suspens ...

4. ATP hydrolysis activity and polymerization state of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase activase. Do the effects of Mg2+, K+, and activase concentrations indicate a functional similarity to actin?

Author:
Lilley, R.M.; Portis, A.R. Jr.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.114 no.2 pp. 605-613
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase; dose response; polymerization; Spinacia oleracea; adenosine triphosphate; magnesium; biochemical pathways; anions; potassium; hydrolysis; actin; enzyme activity; adenosinetriphosphatase
Abstract:
... The ATPase activity and fluorescence of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase (Rubisco) activase were determined over a range of MgCl2, KCl, and activase concentrations. Both salts promoted ADP release from ATP and intrinsic fluorescence enhancement by adenosine 5'-[gamma-thio] triphosphate, but Mg2+ was about 10 times more effective than K+. ATPase and fluorescence enhancement both incr ...

5. Abolition of posttranscriptional regulation of nitrate reductase partially prevents the decrease in leaf NO3(-) reduction when photosynthesis is inhibited by CO2 deprivation, but not in darkness

Author:
Lejay, L.; Quillere, I.; Roux, Y.R.; Tillard, P.; Cliquet, J.B.; Meyer, C.; Morot-Gaudry, J.F.; Gojon, A.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.115 no.2 pp. 623-631
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Nicotiana plumbaginifolia; leaves; nitrate reduction; nitrate reductase; enzyme activity; light; photosynthesis; roots; free amino acids; transgenic plants; complementary DNA; gene expression; genetic variation; transcription (genetics); chemical constituents of plants; genotype
Abstract:
... The activity of nitrate reductase (NR) in leaves is regulated by light and photosynthesis at transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. To understand the physiological role of these controls, we have investigated the effects of light and CO2 on in vivo NO3- reduction in transgenic plants of Nicotiana plumbaginifolia lacking either transcriptional regulation alone or transcriptional and post-t ...

6. Abscisic acid activates a 48-kilodalton protein kinase in guard cell protoplasts

Author:
Mori, I.C.; Muto, S.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.113 no.3 pp. 833-839
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Vicia faba; guard cells; protoplasts; protein composition; enzyme activity; abscisic acid; enzyme inhibitors; kinetics; binding proteins; phosphorylation; stomatal movement; myelin sheath
Abstract:
... A 49- and a 46-kD Ca2+-independent protein kinase and a 53-kD Ca2+-dependent protein kinase were detected in Vicia faba guard cell protoplasts (GCPs) by an in-gel protein kinase assay using myelin basic protein as a substrate. A 48-kD protein kinase designated as abscisicacid (ABA)-responsive protein kinase (ABR kinase) appeared when GCPs were treated with ABA. The activation of ABR kinase was sup ...

7. Abundant accumulation of the calcium-binding molecular chaperone calreticulin in specific floral tissues of Arabidopsis thaliana

Author:
Nelson, D.E.; Glaunsinger, B.; Bohnert, H.J.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.114 no.1 pp. 29-37
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Arabidopsis thaliana; ovules; protein synthesis; quantitative analysis; anthers; genetic code; reticulin; developmental stages; nectaries; transcription (genetics); gene expression; endosperm; genes; calcium-binding proteins; immunocytochemistry; endoplasmic reticulum
Abstract:
... Calreticulin (CRT) is a calcium-binding protein in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) with an established role as a molecular chaperone. An additional function in signal transduction, specifically in calcium distribution, is suggested but not proven. We have analyzed the expression pattern of Arabidopsis thaliana CRTs for a comparison with these proposed roles. Three CRT genes were expressed, with ide ...
PubMed:
9159940
PubMed Central:
PMC158275

8. Accelerated early growth of rice at elevated CO2. Is it related to developmental changes in the shoot apex?

Author:
Jitla, D.S.; Rogers, G.S.; Seneweera, S.P.; Basra, A.S.; Oldfield, R.J.; Conroy, J.P.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.115 no.1 pp. 15-22
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
plant development; buds; diameter; dose response; carbon dioxide; Oryza sativa; developmental stages; internodes; crop yield; length; tillers; leaves
Abstract:
... The influence of elevated CO2 on the development of the shoot apex and on subsequent vegetative growth and grain yield investigated using rice (Oryza sativa L. cv Jarrah) grown in flooded soil at either 350 or 700 microliter CO2 L-1. At 8 d after planting (DAP), elevated CO2 increased the height and diameter of the apical dome and lengths of leaf primordia and tiller buds but had no effect on thei ...

9. Accumulation of ricinoleic, lesquerolic, and densipolic acids in seeds of transgenic arabidopsis plants that express a fatty acyl hydroxylase cDNA from castor bean

Author:
Broun, P.; Somerville, C.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.113 no.3 pp. 933-942
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Physaria fendleri; genes; Brassica napus; oleic acid; promoter regions; Ricinus communis; gene expression; Lesquerella; genotype; ricinoleic acid; oxygenases; Arabidopsis thaliana; messenger RNA; seeds; quantitative analysis; complementary DNA; transcription (genetics); enzyme activity; gene transfer; biosynthesis; gadoleic acid; transgenic plants; biochemical pathways; genetic variation
Abstract:
... A cDNA encoding the oleate 12-hydroxylase from castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) has previously been shown to direct the synthesis of small amounts of ricinoleic acid (12-hydroxyoctadec-cis-9-enoic acid) in seeds of transgenic tobacco plants. Expression of the cDNA under control of the Brassica napus napin promoter in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants resulted in the accumulation of up to 17% ...
PubMed:
9085577
PubMed Central:
PMC158213

10. Accumulation of zeaxanthin in abscisic acid-deficient mutants of Arabidopsis does not affect chlorophyll fluorescence quenching or sensitivity to photoinhibition in vivo

Author:
Hurry, V.; Anderson, J.M.; Chow, W.S.; Osmond, C.B.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.113 no.2 pp. 639-648
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Arabidopsis thaliana; biosynthesis; quantitative analysis; fluorescence; light harvesting complex; genetic variation; neoxanthin; photoinhibition; zeaxanthin; photosystem II; mutants; photosystem I; abscisic acid; measurement; chlorophyll; violaxanthin; leaves
Abstract:
... Abscisic acid (ABA)-deficient mutants of Arabidopsis do not synthesize the epoxy-xanthophylls antheraxanthin, violaxanthin, or neoxanthin. However, thylakoid membranes from these mutants contain 3-fold more zeaxanthin than wild-type plants. This increase in zeaxanthin occurs as a stoichiometric replacement of the missing violaxanthin and neoxanthin within the pigment-protein complexes of both phot ...

11. Acetaldehyde is a causal agent responsible for ethanol-induced ripening inhibition in tomato fruit

Author:
Beaulieu, J.C.; Peiser, G.; Saltveit, M.E.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.113 no.2 pp. 431-439
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
temperature; Solanum lycopersicum var. lycopersicum; ripening; ethanol; dose response; acetaldehyde; biosynthesis; quantitative analysis; alcohol dehydrogenase; aldehyde dehydrogenase; enzyme inhibitors
Abstract:
... Inhibition of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) fruit ripening by exogenously applied ethanol was shown to be caused by elevated endogenous levels of acetaldehyde (AA). Exposure of excised pericarp discs of mature-green tomato fruit to ethanol or AA vapors produced elevated levels of both compounds in the tissue, but only the levels of AA were associated with ripening inhibition. Ripening inh ...

12. Acidic phosphoprotein complex of the 60S ribosomal subunit of maize seedling roots. Components and changes in response to flooding

Author:
Bailey-Serres, J.; Vangala, S.; Szick, K.; Lee, C.H.K.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.114 no.4 pp. 1293-1305
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Zea mays; protein synthesis; messenger RNA; complementary DNA; phosphoproteins; seedlings; stress response; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; water stress; ribosomes; amino acid sequences; genes; nucleotide sequences; phosphotransferases (kinases); phosphorylation; enzyme activity; roots; protein composition
Abstract:
... We determined that ribosomes of seedling roots of maize (Zea mays L.) contain the acidic phosphoproteins (P-proteins) known to form a flexible lateral stalk structure of the 60S subunit of eukaryotic ribosomes. The P-protein stalk, composed of P0, P1, and P2, interacts with elongation factors, mRNA, and tRNA during translation. Acidic proteins of 13 to 15.5 kD were released as a complex from ribos ...
PubMed:
9276949
PubMed Central:
PMC158422

13. Actin filaments modulate both stomatal opening and inward K+ -channel activities in guard cells of Vicia faba L

Author:
Hwang, J.U.; Suh, S.; Yi, H.; Kim, J.; Lee, Y.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.115 no.2 pp. 335-342
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Vicia faba; stomatal movement; guard cells; protoplasts; volume; potassium; ion transport; actin; polymerization; metabolic inhibitors; electric current; membrane potential; measurement; cytochalasin D
Abstract:
... Actin antagonists have previously been shown to alter responses of Commelina communis stomata to physiological stimuli, implicating actin filaments in the control of guard cell volume changes (M. Kim, P.K. Hepler, S.-O. Eun, K.S. Ha, Y. Lee [1995] Plant Physiol 109:1077-1084). Since K+ channels in the guard cell play an important role in stomatal movements, we examined the possible regulation of K ...

14. Actin filaments of guard cells are reorganized in response to light and abscisic acid

Author:
Eun, S.O.; Lee, Y.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.115 no.4 pp. 1491-1498
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
guard cells; stomatal movement; cortex; chemical constituents of plants; Commelina communis; developmental stages; actin; light; abscisic acid; leaves
Abstract:
... We recently showed that treatment with actin antagonists perturbed stomatal behavior in Commelina communis L. leaf epidermis and therefore suggested that dynamic changes in actin are necessary for signal responses in guard cells (M. Kim, P.K. Hepler, S.O. Eun, K.-S. Ha, Y. Lee [1995] Plant Physiol 109:1077-1084). Here we show that actin filaments of guard cells, visualized by immunofluorescence mi ...
PubMed:
9414559
PubMed Central:
PMC158614

15. Activation of host defense mechanisms by elevated production of H2O2 in transgenic plants

Author:
Wu, G.; Shortt, B.J.; Lawrence, E.B.; Leon, J.; Fitzsimmons, K.C.; Levine, E.B.; Raskin, I.; Shah, D.M.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.115 no.2 pp. 427-435
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Solanum tuberosum; Verticillium dahliae; plant pathogenic fungi; leaves; pathogenicity; disease resistance; hydrogen peroxide; biosynthesis; salicylic acid; quantitative analysis; gene expression; transgenic plants; messenger RNA; genetic code; glucose oxidase; peroxidases; chitinase; isozymes; enzyme activity; stems; roots; lignin; genetic variation; chemical constituents of plants; genotype
Abstract:
... Active oxygen specieshave been postulated to perform multiple functions in plant defense, but their exact role in plant resistance to diseases is not fully understood. We have recently demonstrated H2O2-mediated disease resistance in transgenic potato (Solanum tuberosum) plants expressing a foreign gene encoding glucose oxidase. In this study we provide further evidence that the H2O2-mediated dise ...

16. Activation of plant plasma membrane Ca2+-permeable channels by race-specific fungal elicitors

Author:
Gelli, A.; Higgins, V.J.; Blumwald, E.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.113 no.1 pp. 269-279
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Solanum lycopersicum var. lycopersicum; calcium; defense mechanisms; ion transport; plant pathogenic fungi; disease resistance; plasma membrane; phosphorylation; enzyme activity; cell suspension culture; leaves; Passalora fulva
Abstract:
... The response of plant cells to invading pathogens is regulated by fluctuations in cytosolic Ca2+ levels that are mediated by Ca2+-permeable channels located at the plasma membrane of the host cell. The mechanisms by which fungal elicitors can induce Ca2+ uptake by the host cell were examined by the application of conventional patch-clamp techniques. Whole-cell and single-channel experiments on tom ...

17. Activation of pollen tube callose synthase by detergents. Evidence for different mechanisms of action

Author:
Li, H.J.; Bacic, A.; Read, S.M.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.114 no.4 pp. 1255-1265
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Nicotiana alata; pollen tubes; callose; biosynthesis; hexosyltransferases; detergents; digitonin; dose response; pyridoxal; sulfonates; phosphatidylcholines; trypsin; cell wall components; beta-glucans
Abstract:
... In pollen tubes of Nicotiana alata, a membrane-bound, Ca2+-independent callose synthase (CalS) is responsible for the biosynthesis of the (1,3)-beta-glucan backbone of callose, the main cell wall component. Digitonin increases CalS activity 3- to 4-fold over a wide range of concentrations, increasing the maximum initial velocity without altering the Michaelis constant for UDP-glucose. The CalS act ...
PubMed:
9276948
PubMed Central:
PMC158418

18. Adenosine 5'-triphosphate is required for the assembly of 11A seed proglobulins in vitro

Author:
Nam, Y.W.; Jung, R.; Nielsen, N.C.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.115 no.4 pp. 1629-1639
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Glycine max; Vicia faba; seeds; globulins; protein synthesis; adenosine triphosphate; binding sites
Abstract:
... Seed protein proglobulins were synthesized from cDNAs in reticulocyte lysates. Most proglobulins were recovered as trimers when translation rates were low, but mostly monomers were recovered at high translation rates. The prevalence of monomers was accompanied by elevated amounts of insoluble protein recovered at the bottom of sucrose density gradients. Apyrase treatment of translation mixtures af ...

19. Adenosine-5'-phosphate deaminase: a novel herbicide target

Author:
Dancer, J.E.; Hughes, R.G.; Lindell, S.D.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.114 no.1 pp. 119-129
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
herbicidal properties; adenosine deaminase; weed control; metabolism; herbicides; Persicaria lapathifolia; adenosine monophosphate; enzyme inhibitors; structure-activity relationships; phosphorylation; Pisum sativum; enzyme activity
Abstract:
... The isolation of carbocyclic coformycin as the herbicidally active component from a fermentation of Saccharothrix species was described previously (B.D. Bush, G.V. Fitchett, D.A. Gates, D. Langley [1993] Phytochemistry 32:737-739). Here we report that the primary mode of action of carbocyclic coformycin has been identified as inhibition of the enzyme AMP deaminase (EC 3.5.4.6) following phosphoryl ...
PubMed:
9159944
PubMed Central:
PMC158285

20. Adenylosuccinate synthetase from maize. Purification, properties, and mechanism of inhibition by 5'-phosphohydantocidin

Author:
Walters, E.W.; Lee, S.F.; Niderman, T.; Bernasconi, P.; Subramanian, M.V.; Siehl, D.L.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.114 no.2 pp. 549-555
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Zea mays; succinic acid; enzyme inhibitors; ligases; pH; kinetics; enzyme activity; chemical structure; protein composition
Abstract:
... Adenylosuccinate synthetase (AdSS) is the site of action of hydantocidin, a potent microbial phytotoxin. A kinetic analysis of the mode of inhibition of a plant adenylosuccinate synthetase by the active metabolite 5'-phosphohydantocidin (5'-PH) was the objective of the present study. AdSS was purified 5800-fold from maize (Zea mays), to our knowledge the first purification of the enzyme from a pla ...
PubMed:
9193088
PubMed Central:
PMC158335

21. Al inhibits both shoot development and root growth in als3, an Al-sensitive Arabidopsis mutant

Author:
Larsen, P.B.; Kochian, L.V.; Howell, S.H.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.114 no.4 pp. 1207-1214
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Arabidopsis thaliana; plant development; biosynthesis; phenotype; callose; phytotoxicity; stress response; aluminum; mutants; genotype; genetic variation; ultrastructure; plant morphology; roots; leaves; shoots
Abstract:
... In als3, an Al-sensitive Arabidopsis mutant, shoot development and root growth are sensitive to Al. Mutant als3 seedlings grown in an Al-containing medium exhibit severely inhibited leaf expansion and root growth. In the presence of Al, unexpanded leaves accumulate callose, an indicator of Al damage in roots. The possibility that the inhibition of shoot development in als3 is due to the hyperaccum ...

22. Al partitioning patterns and root growth as related to Al sensitivity and Al tolerance in wheat

Author:
Samuels, T.D.; Kucukakyuz, K.; Rincon-Zachary, M.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.113 no.2 pp. 527-534
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Triticum aestivum; roots; aluminum; quantitative analysis; dose response; phytotoxicity; cultivars; translocation (plant physiology); biological resistance
Abstract:
... Studies of Al partitioning and accumulation and of the effect of Al on the growth of intact wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) roots of cultivars that show differential Al sensitivity were conducted. The effects of various Al concentrations on root growth and Al accumulation inthe tissue were followed for 24 h. At low external Al concentrations, Al accumulation in the root tips was low and root growth w ...

23. Al-induced, 51-kilodalton, membrane-bound proteins are associated with resistance to Al in a segregating population of wheat

Author:
Taylor, G.J.; Basu, A.; Basu, U.; Slaski, J.J.; Zhang, G.; Good, A.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.114 no.1 pp. 363-372
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
cultivars; sulfur; protein synthesis; dose response; quantitative analysis; callose; phytotoxicity; radiolabeling; stress response; cytosol; microsomes; Triticum aestivum; aluminum; mitochondria; tonoplast; genetic variation; plasma membrane; genotype; protein composition
Abstract:
... Incorporation of 35S into protein is reduced by exposure to Al in wheat (Triticum aestivum), but the effects are genotype-specific. Exposure to 10 to 75 micromolars Al had little effect on 35S incorporation into total protein, nuclear and mitochondrial protein, microsomal protein, and cytosolic protein in the Al-resistant cultivar PT741. In contrast, 10 micromolars Al reduced incorporation by 21 t ...

24. Allocation of S in generative growth of soybean

Author:
Sunarpi; Anderson, J.W.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.114 no.2 pp. 687-693
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Glycine max; leaves; pods; seeds; sulfur; sulfates; nutrient transport; nitrogen; glutathione; cysteine; methionine; seed development; developmental stages; chemical constituents of plants
Abstract:
... Soybean plants (Glycine max L. Merr) were grown with 100 micromolar S and 15 mM N and studied with respect to S allocation during grain development. The grains accounted for 87% of the S taken up after d 42, the balance coming from internal redistribution of S from leaves and pods. Detailed studies of the leaves, pods, and grains associated with leaf axils 6 and 7 showed that sulfate accumulated i ...

25. Amino acid utilization in seeds of loblolly pine during germination and early seedling growth. I. Arginine and arginase activity

Author:
King, J.E.; Gifford, D.J.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.113 no.4 pp. 1125-1135
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Pinus taeda; seed germination; seedling growth; seeds; arginine; metabolism; arginase; enzyme activity; protein degradation; metabolites; free amino acids; developmental stages; quantitative analysis
Abstract:
... The mobilization and utilization of the major storage proteins in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seeds following imbibition were investigated. Most of the seed protein reserves were contained within the megagametophyte. Breakdown of these proteins occurred primarily following radicle emergence and correlated with a substantial increase in the free amino acid pool in the seedling; the majority of t ...

26. Analysis of cDNA clones encoding sucrose-phosphate synthase in relation to sugar interconversions associated with dehydration in the resurrection plant Craterostigma plantagineum Hochst

Author:
Ingram, J.; Chandler, J.W.; Gallagher, L.; Salamini, F.; Bartels, D.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.115 no.1 pp. 113-121
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
rehydration; biosynthesis; complementary DNA; genetic code; glucose; sucrose; stress response; fructose 6-phosphate; clones; gene expression; amino acid sequences; transcription (genetics); cytoplasm; phosphates; Scrophulariaceae; enzyme activity; sucrose synthase; roots; leaves
Abstract:
... Sucrose-phosphate synthase (SPS) is a key enzyme in the regulation of sucrose metabolism, being responsible for the synthesis of sucrose 6-phosphate from fructose 6-phosphate and uridine 5'-diphosphate-glucose. We report on the isolation and characterization of cDNA clones encoding SPS from Craterostigma plantagineum Hochst., a resurrection plant in which the accumulation of sucrose is considered ...
PubMed:
9306694
PubMed Central:
PMC158466

27. Analysis of wild-type and mutant plant nitrate reductase expressed in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris

Author:
Su, W.P.; Mertens, J.A.; Kanamaru, K.; Campbell, W.H.; Crawford, N.M.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.115 no.3 pp. 1135-1143
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Arabidopsis thaliana; serine; nitrate reductase; recombinant proteins; mutagenesis; kinetics; alanine; adenosine triphosphate; gene expression; genes; genetic engineering; mutants; genetic variation; enzyme activity; cysteine; Pichia
Abstract:
... Recombinant Arabidopsis thaliana NADH:nitrate reductase (NR; EC 1.6.6.1) was produced in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris and purified to near-electrophoretic homogeneity. Purified enzyme had the spectral and kinetic properties typical of highly purified NR from natural plant sources. Site-directed mutagenesis altering several key residues and regions was carried out, and the mutant enzyme ...
PubMed:
9390442
PubMed Central:
PMC158578

28. Anion-channel blockers interfere with auxin responses in dark-grown Arabidopsis hypocotyls

Author:
Thomine, S.; Lelievre, F.; Boufflet, M.; Guern, J.; Barbier-Brygoo, H.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.115 no.2 pp. 533-542
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Arabidopsis thaliana; acetic acid; turgor; hypocotyls; developmental stages; ion transport; auxins; anions; etiolation; sulfonates; plant morphology
Abstract:
... Anion channels are thought to participate in signal transduction and turgor regulation in higher plant cells. The regulation of hypocotyl cell elongation is a situation in which these channels could play important roles because it involves ionic fluxes that are implicated in turgor control and orchestrated by various signals. We have used a pharmacological approach to reveal the contribution of an ...
PubMed:
9342869
PubMed Central:
PMC158512

29. Antagonistic but complementary actions of phytochromes A and B allow optimum seedling de-etiolation

Author:
Smith, H.; Xu, Y.; Quail, P.H.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.114 no.2 pp. 637-641
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Arabidopsis thaliana; seedlings; hypocotyls; phytochrome; dose response; red light; far-red light; genetic variation; genotype; etiolation
Abstract:
... Using dichromatic radiation, we show that the actions of phytochromes A and B (phyA and phyB) in Arabidopsis thaliana are antagonistic in mediating red and far-red radiation effects on seedling de-etiolation and yet act in a complementary manner to regulate de-etiolation, irrespective of spectral composition. At low phytochrome photoequilibria inhibition of hypocotyl extension was strong, because ...

30. Antenna size dependency of photoinactivation of photosystem II in light-acclimated pea leaves

Author:
Park, Y.I.; Chow, W.S.; Anderson, J.M.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.115 no.1 pp. 151-157
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Pisum sativum; leaves; photosystem II; photoinhibition; light intensity; acclimation; oxygen; gas exchange; chlorophyll; fluorescence; anaerobic conditions; light harvesting complex
Abstract:
... Utilization of absorbed light energy by photosystem (PS) II for O2 evolution depends on the light-harvesting antenna size, but the role of antenna size in the photoinactivation of PSII seems controversial. To address this controversy, pea (Pisum sativum L.) plants were grown in low (50 micromole m-2 s-1) or high (650 micromole m-2 s-1) light. The doubled functional antenna size of PSII in low ligh ...

31. Antisense expression and overexpression of biotin carboxylase in tobacco leaves

Author:
Shintani, D.; Roesler, K.; Shorrosh, B.; Savage, L.; Ohlrogge, J.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.114 no.3 pp. 881-886
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid; Nicotiana tabacum; leaves; plastids; fatty acids; biosynthesis; carboxy-lyases; biotin; enzyme activity; protein composition; quantitative analysis; genetic transformation; transgenic plants; antisense DNA; gene expression; genetic variation
Abstract:
... The plastid acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase) catalyzes the first committed step of fatty acid synthesis and in most plants is present as a heteromeric complex of at least four different protein subunits: the biotin carboxylase (BC), the biotin carboxyl carrier protein, and the alpha and beta subunits of the carboxyltransferase. To gain insight into the subunit organization of this heteromeri ...
PubMed:
9232874
PubMed Central:
PMC158375

32. Antisense expression of the peptide transport gene AtPTR2-B delays flowering and arrests seed development in transgenic Arabidopsis plants

Author:
Song, W.; Koh, S.; Czako, M.; Marton, L.; Drenkard, E.; Becker, J.M.; Stacey, G.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.114 no.3 pp. 927-935
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Arabidopsis thaliana; flowering; seed development; peptides; protein transport; genes; gene transfer; gene expression; transgenic plants; genetic variation; leaves; flowers; roots; messenger RNA; quantitative analysis; kanamycin; chromosome mapping; ultrastructure; phenotype
Abstract:
... Previously, we identified a peptide transport gene, AtPTR2-B, fromArabidopsis thaliana that was constitutively expressed in all plant organs, suggesting an important physiological role in plant growth and development. To evaluate the function of this transporter, transgenic Arabidopsis plants were constructed expressing antisense or sense AtPTR2-B. Genomic Southern analysis indicated that four ind ...
PubMed:
9232875
PubMed Central:
PMC158381

33. Antisense inhibition of the photosystem I antenna protein Lhca4 in Arabidopsis thaliana

Author:
Zhang, H.; Goodman, H.M.; Jansson, S.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.115 no.4 pp. 1525-1531
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Arabidopsis thaliana; photosystem I; fluorescence; genetic code; genes; gene expression; mutants; messenger RNA; genetic variation; antisense DNA
Abstract:
... The function of Lhca4, a gene encoding the photosystem I type IV chlorophyll a/b-binding protein complex in Arabidopsis, was investigated using antisense technology. Lhca4 protein was reduced in a number of mutant lines and abolished in one. The inhibition of protein was not correlated with the inhibition of mRNA. No depletion of Lhca1 was observed, but the low-temperature fluorescence emission sp ...
PubMed:
9414561
PubMed Central:
PMC158618

34. Antisense repression of both ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase and triose phosphate translocator modifies carbohydrate partitioning in potato leaves

Author:
Hattenbach, A.; Muller-Rober, B.; Nast, G.; Heineke, D.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.115 no.2 pp. 471-475
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
phosphorylase; antisense DNA; Solanum tuberosum; promoter regions; metabolites; glucose; starch; gene expression; genotype; photosynthesis; leaves; nutrient transport; trioses; sucrose; net assimilation rate; enzyme activity; biosynthesis; transgenic plants; adenosine diphosphate; genetic variation; biochemical pathways; chemical constituents of plants; chlorophyll
Abstract:
... Previous experiments have shown that carbohydrate partitioning in leaves of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) plants can be modified by antisense repression of the triose phosphate translocator (TPT), favoring starch accumulation during the light period, or by leaf-specific antisense repression of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), reducing leaf starch content. These experiments showed that starc ...

35. Apoplasmic and protoplasmic water transport through the parenchyma of the potato storage organ

Author:
Michael, W.; Schultz, A.; Meshcheryakov, A.B.; Ehwald, R.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.115 no.3 pp. 1089-1099
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
protoplasts; intercellular spaces; quantitative analysis; osmotic pressure; Solanum tuberosum; tubers; walls; hydraulic conductivity
Abstract:
... Stationary volume fluxes through living and denatured parenchyma slices of the potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) storage organ were studied to estimate the hydraulic conductivity of the cell wall and to evaluate the significance of water transport through protoplasts, cell walls, and intercellular spaces. Slices were placed between liquid compartments, steady-state fluxes induced by pressure or concen ...

36. The Arabidopsis 14-3-3 multigene family

Author:
Wu, K.; Rooney, M.F.; Ferl, R.J.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.114 no.4 pp. 1421-1431
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Arabidopsis thaliana; protein composition; isozymes; plant proteins; genes; genetic code; complementary DNA; amino acid sequences; phylogeny
Abstract:
... The 14-3-3 proteins are ubiquitous eukaryotic proteins and are encoded by a gene family in many species. We examined the 14-3-3 gene family in Arabidopsis thaliana and found that it contains 10 members. Four new cDNAs, GF14 epsilon, GF14 kappa, GF14 mu, and GF14 upsilon, and two new genomic clones of GF14 phi and GF14 upsilon were isolated and characterized. Together with the six previously descri ...
PubMed:
9276953
PubMed Central:
PMC158435

37. Association of caffeoyl coenzyme A 3-O-methyltransferase expression with lignifying tissues in several dicot plants

Author:
Ye, Z.H.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.115 no.4 pp. 1341-1350
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
developmental stages; lignification; roots; stems; methylation; immunohistochemistry; gene expression; Nicotiana tabacum; protein composition; plant development; Glycine max; Zinnia violacea; phloem; xylem; lignin; Solanum lycopersicum var. lycopersicum; biosynthesis; caffeic acid; Medicago sativa; Forsythia suspensa; coenzyme A; transferases
Abstract:
... Caffeoyl coenzyme A 3-O-methyltransferase (CCoAOMT) was previously shown to be associated with lignificationin both in vitro tracheary elements (TEs) and organs of zinnia (Zinnia elegans). However, it is not known whether this is a general pattern in dicot plants. To address this question, polyclonal antibodies against zinnia recombinant CCoAOMT fusion protein were raised and used for immunolocali ...
PubMed:
9414548
PubMed Central:
PMC158599

38. Asymmetric distribution of acetylcholinesterase in gravistimulated maize seedlings

Author:
Momonoki, Y.S.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.114 no.1 pp. 47-53
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
cortex; Zea mays; acetylcholinesterase; plasmodesmata; developmental stages; stele; geotaxis; histochemistry; gravity; chemical constituents of plants; enzyme activity; roots; mesocotyls
Abstract:
... Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity has previously been studied by this laboratory and shown to occur at the interface between the stele and cortex of the mesocotyl of maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings. In this work we studied the distribution of AChE activity in 5-d-old maize seedlings following a gravity stimulus. After the stimulus, we found an asymmetric distribution of the enzyme in the coleopti ...
PubMed:
11536808
PubMed Central:
PMC158277

39. Asymmetric, blue light-dependent phosphorylation of a 116-kilodalton plasma membrane protein can be correlated with the first- and second-positive phototropic curvature of oat coleoptiles

Author:
Salomon, M.; Zacherl, M.; Rudiger, W.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.115 no.2 pp. 485-491
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Avena sativa; seedlings; coleoptiles; phototropism; blue light; plant proteins; phosphorylation; protein synthesis; quantitative analysis; plasma membrane; etiolation
Abstract:
... The possible correlation between blue light-dependent phosphorylation of a 116-kD protein and phototropic responses of etiolated oat (Avena sativa L.) seedlings was tested by a micromethodfor protein phosphorylation. Quantitation of the basipetal distribution of this protein showed that the in vitro 32P phosphorylation values declined exponentially from tip to node, with more than 50% of the total ...
PubMed:
11536817
PubMed Central:
PMC158506

40. Auxin-induced epinasty of tobacco leaf tissues. A nonethylene-mediated response

Author:
Keller, C.P.; Van Volkenburgh, E.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.113 no.2 pp. 603-610
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Nicotiana tabacum; leaves; cell growth; epinasty; dose response; acetic acid; ethylene; biosynthesis; naphthaleneacetic acid; aminooxyacetic acid; indole acetic acid
Abstract:
... Interveinal strips (10 x 1.5 mm) excised from growing tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv Xanthi) leaves curled >300 degrees when incubated for 20 h in 5 to 500 micromolar alpha-naphthalene acetic acid or 50 to 500 micromolar indole-3-acetic acid. Epinasty was not induced without auxin or by the auxin analog beta-naphthalene acetic acid, and less substantial epinasty was induced in midrib and vein se ...

41. Binding of the peroxisomal targeting sequence SKL is specified by a low-affinity site in castor bean glyoxysomal membranes. A domain next to the SKL binds to a high-affinity site

Author:
Wolins, N.E.; Donaldson, R.P.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.113 no.3 pp. 943-949
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Ricinus communis; peroxisomes; glyoxysomes; cell membranes; amino acid sequences; peptides; binding sites
Abstract:
... The carboxyl-terminal amino acid sequence serine-lysine-leucine (SKL) is the consensus peroxisomal targeting sequence 1 (PTS1) and is sufficient to direct a polypeptide to peroxisomes in vivo in plants, animals, and yeasts. However, there are two sites on alkali-stripped glyoxysomal membranes from castor bean (Ricinus communis) endosperm that bind the peptide YHKHLKPLQSKL (SKLp), the sequence of t ...
PubMed:
9085578
PubMed Central:
PMC158214

42. Biochemical and molecular biological characterization of CAC2, the Arabidopsis thaliana gene coding for the biotin carboxylase subunit of the plastidic acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase

Author:
Sun, J.; Ke, J.; Johnson, J.L.; Nikloau, B.J.; Wurtele, E.S.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.115 no.4 pp. 1371-1383
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
fatty acids; developmental stages; genes; gene expression; biotin; leaves; protein composition; Arabidopsis thaliana; complementary DNA; genetic code; amino acid sequences; transcription (genetics); enzyme activity; gene transfer; biosynthesis; transgenic plants; plastids; pH; acetyl-CoA carboxylase; light
Abstract:
... The biotin carboxylase subunit of the heteromeric chloroplastic acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase) of Arabidopsis thaliana is coded by a single gene (CAC2), which is interrupted by 15 introns. The cDNA encodes a deduced protein of 537 amino acids with an apparent N-terminal chloroplast-targeting transit peptide. Antibodies generated to a glutathione S-transferase-CAC2 fusion protein react sole ...
PubMed:
9414551
PubMed Central:
PMC158602

43. Biochemical characterization and subcellular localization of the red kidney bean purple acid phosphatase

Author:
Cashikar, A.G.; Kumaresan, R.; Rao, M.N.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.114 no.3 pp. 907-915
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
seed germination; acid phosphatase; quantitative analysis; pectins; radiolabeling; cotyledons; Phaseolus vulgaris; enzyme inhibitors; adenosine triphosphate; phosphates; cell wall components; kinetics; enzyme activity; histochemistry; protein composition
Abstract:
... Phosphatases are known to play a crucial role in phosphate turnover in plants. However, the exact role of acid phosphatases in plants has been elusive because of insufficient knowledge oftheir in vivo substrate and subcellular localization. We investigated the biochemical properties of a purple acid phosphatase isolated from red kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) (KBPAP) with respect to its substrat ...

44. Biochemical characterization of the aba2 and aba3 mutants in Arabidopsis thaliana

Author:
Schwartz, S.H.; Leon-Kloosterziel, K.M.; Koornneef, M.; Zeevaart, J.A.D.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.114 no.1 pp. 161-166
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Arabidopsis thaliana; abscisic acid; biosynthesis; metabolites; chemical reactions; biochemical pathways; protein composition; seed germination; mutants; genetic variation; genetic techniques and protocols; loci; phenotype; genotype
Abstract:
... Abscisic acid (ABA)-deficient mutants in a variety of species have been identified by screening for precocious germination and a wilty phenotype. Mutants at two new loci, aba2 and aba3, have recently been isolated in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. (K.M. Leon-Kloosterziel, M. Alvarez-Gil, G.J. Ruijs, S.E. Jacobsen, N.E. Olszewski, S.H. Schwartz, J.A.D. Zeevaart, M. Koornneef [1996] Plant J 10: 65 ...
PubMed:
9159947
PubMed Central:
PMC158290

45. Bioprotective alkaloids of grass-fungal endophyte symbioses

Author:
Bush, L.P.; Wilkinson, H.H.; Schardl, C.L.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.114 no.1 pp. 1-7
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
life cycle (organisms); Poaceae; fungi; endophytes; symbiosis; alkaloids; biosynthesis; chemical reactions; biochemical pathways; chemical structure; evolution; chemical constituents of plants

46. Biosynthesis of GA73 methyl ester in Lygodium ferns

Author:
Yamauchi, T.; Oyama, N.; Yamane, H.; Murofushi, N.; Schraudolf, H.; Pour, M.; Seto, H.; Mander, L.N.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.113 no.3 pp. 773-778
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Lygodium; gibberellic acid; esters; biosynthesis; metabolites; chemical structure; chemical reactions; biochemical pathways; chemical constituents of plants
Abstract:
... Biosynthesis of GA73 methyl ester (GA73-Me), the principal antheridiogen in Lygodium ferns, was investigated. From the methanol extract of prothallia of Lygodium circinnatum, GA25, GA73, GA73-Me, GA88-Me, and a few unknown GA73 derivatives were detected by CC-MS. Because the presence of GA25 suggests that GA24, a direct precursor of GA25, could also be present in L. circinnatum prothallia, we used ...

47. Blazing new trails. Pollen tube guidance in flowering plants

Author:
Wilhelmi, L.K.; Preuss, D.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.113 no.2 pp. 307-312
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
flowering; pollen tubes; fertilization (reproduction); stigma; pollination

48. Blockage of brassinosteroid biosynthesis and sensitivity causes dwarfism in garden pea

Author:
Nomura, T.; Nakayama, M.; Reid, J.B.; Takeuchi, Y.; Yokota, T.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.113 no.1 pp. 31-37
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
height; plant characteristics; Pisum sativum; seedlings; shoots; brassinosteroids; biosynthesis; quantitative analysis; chemical reactions; biochemical pathways; internodes; dose response; length; dwarfing; mutants; genetic variation; chemical constituents of plants; genotype; width
Abstract:
... Endogenous brassinosteroids (BRs) in the dwarf mutants Ika and Ikb of garden pea (Pisum sativum L.) and comparable wild-type plants were quantified by gas chromatography-selected ion monitoring using deuterated internal standards. In young shoots of the Ikb mutant, the levels of brassinolide, castasterone, and 6-deoxocastasterone were 23-, 22-, and 9-fold lower, respectively, than those of wild-ty ...

49. Blue-light-induced shrinking of protoplasts from maize coleoptiles and its relationship to coleoptile growth

Author:
Wang, X.; Iino, M.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.114 no.3 pp. 1009-1020
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
protoplasts; coleoptiles; Zea mays; dose response; volume; blue light; red light; photoreceptors
Abstract:
... Protoplasts isolated from red-light-grown maize (Zea mays L.) coleoptiles shrank transiently upon brief exposure (e.g. 30 s) to blue light under background irradiation with red light. The maximal volume reduction (about 4% at a saturating fluence) occurred about 5 min after blue-light stimulation. The response was prevented by the anion-channel blocker 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)-benzoic acid. ...

50. Brefeldin A effects in plants. Are different Golgi responses caused by different sites of action?

Author:
Staehelin, L.A.; Driouich, A.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.114 no.2 pp. 401-403
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
plant physiology; mycotoxins; Golgi apparatus; binding sites

51. Broad-range and binary-range acyl-acyl-carrier-protein thioesterases suggest an alternative mechanism for medium-chain production in seeds

Author:
Voelker, T.A.; Jones, A.; Cranmer, A.M.; Davies, H.M.; Knutzon, D.S.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.114 no.2 pp. 669-677
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Ulmus americana; Myristica fragrans; seeds; medium chain fatty acids; biosynthesis; binding proteins; esterases; enzyme activity; complementary DNA; amino acid sequences
Abstract:
... In the current model of medium-chain (C8-14) fatty acid biosynthesis in seeds, specialized FatB acyl-acyl-carrier-protein (ACP) thioesterases are responsible for the production of medium chains. We have isolated and characterized Fat8 cDNAs from the maturing seeds of elm (Ulmus americana) and nutmeg (Myristica fragrans), which accumulate predominantly caprate (10:0)- and myristate (14:0)-containin ...
PubMed:
9193098
PubMed Central:
PMC158351

52. C4 gene expression in photosynthetic and nonphotosynthetic leaf regions of Amaranthus tricolor

Author:
McCormac, D.; Boinski, J.J.; Ramsperger, V.C.; Berry, J.O.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.114 no.3 pp. 801-815
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase; polypeptides; messenger RNA; flowering; protein synthesis; quantitative analysis; net assimilation rate; gene expression; plastids; plant morphology; color; Amaranthus tricolor; chemical constituents of plants; photosynthesis; enzyme activity; chlorophyll; leaves
Abstract:
... Throughout most of its growth and development, Amaranthus tricolor produces fully green leaves. However, near the onset of flowering, unique leaves emerge that consist of three distinct color regions: green apices, yellow middle regions, and red basal regions. The green apices are identical to fully green leaves in terms of pigment composition, photosynthetic function, and C4 gene expression. The ...

53. CO2 and water vapor exchange across leaf cuticle (epidermis) at various water potentials

Author:
Boyer, J.S.; Wong, S.C.; Farquhar, G.D.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.114 no.1 pp. 185-191
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Vitis vinifera; leaves; plant cuticle; carbon dioxide; gas exchange; leaf conductance; measurement; turgor; mathematical models; equations; water potential; water vapor
Abstract:
... Cuticular properties affect the gas exchange of leaves, but little is known about how much CO2 and water vapor cross the cuticular barrier or whether low water potentials affect the process. Therefore, we measured the cuticular conductances for CO2 and water vapor in grape (Vitis vinifera L.) leaves having various water potentials. The lower leaf surface was sealed to force all gas exchange throug ...

54. The COW1 locus of Arabidopsis acts after RHD2, and in parallel with RHD3 and TIP1, to determine the shape, rate of elongation, and number of root hairs produced from each site of hair formation

Author:
Grierson, C.S.; Roberts, K.; Feldmann, K.A.; Dolan, L.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.115 no.3 pp. 981-990
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Arabidopsis thaliana; root hairs; morphogenesis; abnormal development; mutants; genetic variation; developmental stages; plant morphology; alleles; gene expression; phenotype; chromosome mapping
Abstract:
... Two recessive mutant alleles at CAN OF WORMS1 (COW1), a new locus involved in root hair morphogenesis, have been identified in Arabidopsis thaliana L. Heynh. Root hairs on Cow1- mutants are short and wide and occasionally formed as pairs at a single site of hair formation. The COW1 locus maps to chromosome 4. Root hairs on Cow1- plants form in the usual positions, suggesting that the phenotype is ...
PubMed:
9390433
PubMed Central:
PMC158561

55. Ca2+ and calmodulin dynamics during photopolarization in Fucus serratus zygotes

Author:
Love, J.; Brownlee, C.; Trewavas, A.J.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.115 no.1 pp. 249-261
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
developmental stages; trifluoperazine; Fucus serratus; cytochalasin B; dose response; Ascophyllum; clones; gene expression; zygote; messenger RNA; lanthanum; calcium; polymerization; culture media; calmodulin; plant anatomy; chlorides; verapamil; fertilization (reproduction); light; ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid
Abstract:
... The role of Ca2+ in zygote polarization in fucoid algae (Fucus, Ascophyllum, and Pelvetia species) zygote polarization is controversial. Using a local source of Fucus serratus, we established that zygotes form a polar axis relative to unilateral light (photopolarization) between 8 and 14 h after fertilization (AF), and become committed to this polarity at approximately 15 to 18 h AF. We investigat ...

56. Ca2+-activated anion channels and membrane depolarizations induced by blue light and cold in Arabidopsis seedlings

Author:
Lewis, B.D.; Karlin-Neumann, G.; Davis, R.W.; Spalding, E.P.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.114 no.4 pp. 1327-1334
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Arabidopsis thaliana; seedlings; hypocotyls; ion transport; cytoplasm; calcium; dose response; blue light; cold stress; luminescence; plasma membrane
Abstract:
... The activation of an anion channel in the plasma membrane of Arabidopsis thaliana hypocotyls by blue light (BL) is believed to be a signal-transducing event leading to growth inhibition. Here we report that the open probability of this particular anion channel depends on cytoplasmic Ca2+ ([Ca2+]cyt) within the concentration range of 1 to 10 micrometers, raising the possibility that BL activates th ...
PubMed:
9276950
PubMed Central:
PMC158425

57. Calmodulin-stimulated CA1+-ATPases in the vacuolar and plasma membranes in cauliflower

Author:
Askerlund, P.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.114 no.3 pp. 999-1007
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Brassica oleracea; inflorescences; vacuoles; protein composition; calcium; adenosinetriphosphatase; enzyme activity; calmodulin; immunoblotting; plasma membrane
Abstract:
... The subcellular locations of Ca2+-ATPases in the membranes of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L.) inflorescences were investigated. After continuous sucrose gradient centrifugation a 111-kD calmodulin (CaM)-stimulated and CaM-binding Ca2+-ATPase (BCA1; P. Askerlund [1996] Plant Physiol 110: 913-922; S. Malmstrom,P. Askerlund, M.G. Palmgren [1997] FEBS lett 400: 324-328) comigrated with vacuolar mem ...

58. Carbohydrate content and enzyme metabolism in developing canola siliques

Author:
King, S.P.; Lunn, J.E.; Furbank, R.T.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.114 no.1 pp. 153-160
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
source-sink relationships; carbohydrate metabolism; cultivars; seeds; quantitative analysis; chemical constituents of plants; cell walls; sucrose; developmental stages; photosynthates; starch; beta-fructofuranosidase; Brassica napus; genetic variation; enzyme activity; sucrose synthase; pods
Abstract:
... Little biochemical information is available on carbohydrate metabolism in developing canola (Brassica napus L.) silique (pod) wall and seed tissues. This research examines the carbohydrate contents and sucrose (Suc) metabolic enzyme activities in different aged silique wall and seed tissues during oil filling. The silique wall partitioned photosynthate into Suc over starch and predominantly accumu ...

59. Carbon isotopic fractionation does not occur during dark respiration in C3 and C4 plants

Author:
Lin, G.; Ehleringer, J.R.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.114 no.1 pp. 391-394
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Phaseolus vulgaris; Zea mays; mesophyll; mitochondria; carbon; isotope fractionation; measurement; fructose; glucose; sucrose; mathematical models; equations
Abstract:
... The magnitude of possible carbon isotopic fractionation during dark respiration was investigated with isolated mesophyll cells from mature leaves of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), a C3 plant, and corn (Zea mays L.), a C4 plant. Mesophyll protoplasts were extracted from greenhouse-grown leaves and incubated in culture solutions containing different carbohydrate substrates (fructose, glucose, ...

60. Carbon partitioning during sucrose accumulation in sugarcane internodal tissue

Author:
Whittaker, A.; Botha, F.C.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.115 no.4 pp. 1651-1659
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
inorganic phosphorus; developmental stages; fructose 6-phosphate; phosphorylation; metabolites; glucose; pyruvate kinase; amino acids; fructose; plant development; nutrient transport; quantitative analysis; pyruvic acid; sucrose; adenosine triphosphate; enzyme activity; biosynthesis; Saccharum; fructose-bisphosphatase; internodes; chemical constituents of plants
Abstract:
... The temporal relationship between sucrose (Suc) accumulation and carbon partitioning was investigated in developing sugarcane internodes. Radiolabeling studies on tissue slices, which contained Suc concentrations ranging from 14 to 42% of the dry mass, indicated that maturation coincided with a redirection of carbon from water-insoluble matter, respiration, amino acids, organic acids, and phosphor ...

61. Cell wall metabolism in ripening fruit. IX. Synthesis of pectic and hemicellulosic cell wall polymers in the outer pericarp of mature green tomatoes (cv XMT-22)

Author:
Huysamer, M.; Greve, L.C.; Labavitch, J.M.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.114 no.4 pp. 1523-1531
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
cell wall components; glucuronic acid; hemicellulose; biosynthesis; pericarp; pectins; radiolabeling; developmental stages; ripening; polymers; galacturonic acid; Solanum lycopersicum var. lycopersicum
Abstract:
... Discs of outer pericarp were excised from mature green tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) fruit and kept in sterile tissue culture plates for 4 d, including 2 d of incubation with D-[U-13C]glucose. Cell wallswere prepared and the water-soluble, pectic, and hemicellulosic polymers were extracted. Cell wall synthetic capacity was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of inc ...

62. Cell-specific expression of the promoters of two nonlegume hemoglobin genes in a transgenic legume, Lotus corniculatus

Author:
Andersson, C.R.; Llewellyn, D.J.; Peacock, W.J.; Dennis, E.S.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.113 no.1 pp. 45-57
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
developmental stages; promoter regions; Parasponia; nitrogen fixation; gene expression; Casuarina glauca; Lotus corniculatus; leghemoglobin; root nodules; amino acid sequences; transcription (genetics); Rhizobium; enzyme activity; histochemistry; Trema; gene transfer; symbiosis; transgenic plants; hemoglobin; reporter genes; beta-glucuronidase
Abstract:
... The promoters of the hemoglobin genes from the nitrogen-fixing tree Parasponia andersonii and the related nonnitrogen-fixing Trema tomentosa both confer beta-glucuronidase reporter gene expression to the central zone of the nodules of a transgenic legume, Lotus corniculatus. beta-Glucuronidase expression was high in the uninfected interstitial cells and parenchyma of the surrounding boundary layer ...
PubMed:
9008386
PubMed Central:
PMC158114

63. Cellular basis of hypocotyl growth in Arabidopsis thaliana

Author:
Gendreau, E.; Traas, J.; Desnos, T.; Grandjean, O.; Caboche, M.; Hofte, H.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.114 no.1 pp. 295-305
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Arabidopsis thaliana; mitosis; cell growth; morphogenesis; hypocotyls; developmental stages; mutants; genetic variation; ultrastructure; light
Abstract:
... The Arabidopsis thaliana hypocotyl is widely used to study the effects of light and plant growth factors on cell elongation. To provide a framework for the molecular-genetic analysis of cell elongation in this organ, here we describe, at the cellular level, its morphology and growth and identify a number of characteristic developmental differences between light-grown and dark-grown hypocotyls. Fir ...
PubMed:
9159952
PubMed Central:
PMC158305

64. Cellular localization of Arabidopsis xyloglucan endotransglycosylase-related proteins during development and after wind stimulation

Author:
Antosiewicz, D.M.; Purugganan, M.M.; Polisensky, D.H.; Braam, J.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.115 no.4 pp. 1319-1328
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
hexosyltransferases; cell growth; developmental stages; sieve elements; genes; cell differentiation; wind; tracheids; hypocotyls; gene expression; cell wall components; leaves; protein composition; Arabidopsis thaliana; plant development; messenger RNA; quantitative analysis; morphogenesis; genetic code; enzyme activity; xyloglucans; stress response; cotyledons
Abstract:
... A gene family encoding xyloglucan endotransglycosylase (XET)-related proteins exists in Arabidopsis. TCH4, a member of this family, is strongly up-regulated by environmental stimuli and encodes an XET capable of modifying cell wall xyloglucans. To investigate XET localization we generated antibodies against the TCH4 carboxyl terminus. The antibodies recognized TCH4 and possibly other XET-related p ...
PubMed:
9414546
PubMed Central:
PMC158597

65. Cellulose and callose biosynthesis in higher plants. 1. Solubilization and separation of (1 leads to 3)- and (1 leads to 4)-beta-glucan synthase activities from mung bean

Author:
Kudlicka, K.; Brown, R.M. Jr.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.115 no.2 pp. 643-656
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
digitonin; hexosyltransferases; polypeptides; biosynthesis; dose response; callose; Vigna radiata; cellulose; cell membranes; solubility; electrophoresis; beta-glucans; enzyme activity; protein composition
Abstract:
... (1 leads to 3) and (1 leads to 4)-beta-glucan synthase activities from higher plants have been physically separated by gel electrophoresis in nondenaturing conditions. The two glucan synthases show different mobilities in native polyacrylamide gels. Further separation by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed a different polypeptide composition in these synthases. Three ...

66. Changes in activities of antioxidant enzymes and their relationship to genetic and paclobutrazol-induced chilling tolerance of maize seedlings

Author:
Pinhero, R.G.; Rao, M.V.; Paliyath, G.; Murr, D.P.; Fletcher, R.A.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.114 no.2 pp. 695-704
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
paclobutrazol; chemical reactions; seedlings; measurement; roots; glutathione; genotype; peroxidase; protein composition; leaves; Zea mays; superoxide dismutase; enzyme activity; isozymes; antioxidants; ascorbic acid; glutathione-disulfide reductase; cooling; biochemical pathways; genetic variation; cold tolerance
Abstract:
... The potential role of antioxidant enzymes in protecting maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings from chilling injury was examined by analyzing enzyme activities and isozyme profiles of chilling-susceptible (CO 316) and chilling-tolerant (CO 328) inbreds. Leaf superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in CO 316 was nearly one-half that of CO 328, in which the high activity was maintained during the chilling and po ...

67. Changes in mitochondrial respiratory chain components of petunia cells during culture in the presence of antimycin A

Author:
Wagner, A.M.; Wagner, M.J.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.115 no.2 pp. 617-622
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
NAD (coenzyme); quantitative analysis; Petunia hybrida; stress response; oxygen consumption; electron transfer; antimycin A; biochemical pathways; ubiquinones; cytochrome-c oxidase; cultured cells; mitochondria; succinate dehydrogenase (quinone); kinetics; protein content; enzyme activity; cyanide-sensitive respiration; measurement
Abstract:
... When petunia (Petunia hybrida Vilm, cv Rosy Morn) cells are cultured in the presence of 2 micromolar antimycin A (AA), respiration proceeds mainly via the cyanide-resistant pathway. Cyanide-resistant respiratory rates were higher in mitochondria from AA cells than in control mitochondria. Compared with control cells, an increase in alternative oxidase protein was observed in AA cells, as well as a ...

68. Changes in the activity and mRNA of cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase during tracheary element differentiation in zinnia

Author:
Sato, Y.; Watanabe, T.; Komamine, A.; Hibino, T.; Shibata, D.; Sugiyama, M.; Fukuda, H.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.113 no.2 pp. 425-430
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Zinnia violacea; mesophyll; lignin; biosynthesis; tracheids; cell differentiation; cinnamic acid; alcohol dehydrogenase; enzyme activity; messenger RNA; gene expression; complementary DNA; Eucalyptus; Nicotiana tabacum
Abstract:
... Changes in the enzymatic activity of cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) and in the expression of a gene for CAD during tracheary element (TE) differentiation were investigated in cultures of single cells isolated from the mesophyll of zinnia (Zinnia elegans). In cultures in which TE differentiation was induced (TE-inductive cultures), CAD activity increased from h 36 after the start of culture ( ...
PubMed:
9046592
PubMed Central:
PMC158157

69. Changes in the composition of the photosynthetic apparatus in the galactolipid-deficient dgd1 mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana

Author:
Hartel, H.; Lokstein, H.; Dormann, P.; Grimm, B.; Benning, C.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.115 no.3 pp. 1175-1184
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Arabidopsis thaliana; leaves; thylakoids; photosystem I; photosystem II; light intensity; measurement; diacylglycerols; plant pigments; binding proteins; apoproteins; chlorophyll; fluorescence; oxygen; gas exchange; temperature; mutants; genetic variation; light harvesting complex; electron transfer; chemical constituents of plants
Abstract:
... The glycerolipid digalactosyl diacylglycerol (DGDG) is exclusively associated with photosynthetic membranes and thus may play a role in the proper assembly and maintenance of the photosynthetic apparatus. Here we employ a genetic approach based on the dgd1 mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana to investigate the function of DGDG in thylakoid membranes. The primary defect in the genetically well-character ...
PubMed:
9390443
PubMed Central:
PMC158582

70. Changes in the level and activation state of the plasma membrane H+-ATPase during aging of red beet slices

Author:
Rapini, R.; De Michelis, M.I.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.114 no.3 pp. 857-862
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
trypsin; enzyme inhibitors; pH; adenosinetriphosphatase; postharvest physiology; imidazoles; plasma membrane; catalytic activity; roots; beets; Beta vulgaris
Abstract:
... The effect of aging on the plasma membrane (PM) H+-ATPase of red beet (Beta vulgaris L.) parenchyma discs was analyzed in PM purified by aqueous two-phase partitioning. Aging increased both the activity and the amount of immunodetectable H+-ATPase in the PM. The activity assayed at slightly alkaline pH values increased earlier and more strongly than that assayed at acidic pH values, so that the pH ...
PubMed:
9232872
PubMed Central:
PMC158372

71. Characterization and expression and NAD(H)-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase genes in Arabidopsis

Author:
Turano, F.J.; Thakkar, S.S.; Fang, T.; Weisemann, J.M.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.113 no.4 pp. 1329-1341
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Arabidopsis thaliana; complementary DNA; clones; genes; gene expression; mitochondria; chloroplasts; peroxisomes; genetic code; isozymes; enzyme activity; nitrogen compounds; light; sucrose; nucleotide sequences; amino acid sequences; NAD (coenzyme); glutamate dehydrogenase
Abstract:
... Two distinct cDNA clones encoding NAD(H)-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase (NAD[H]-GDH) in Arabidopsis thaliana were identified and sequenced. The genes corresponding to these cDNA clones were designated GDH1 and GDH2. Analysis of the deduced amino acid sequences suggest that both gene products contain putative mitochondrial transit polypeptides and NAD(H)- and alpha-ketoglutarate-binding domains. ...

72. Characterization and expression of caffeoyl-coenzyme A 3-O-methyltransferase proposed for the induced resistance response of Vitis vinifera L

Author:
Busam, G.; Junghanns, K.T.; Kneusel, R.E.; Kassemeyer, H.H.; Matern, U.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.115 no.3 pp. 1039-1048
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
lignification; plant pathogenic fungi; salicylic acid; genes; phenotype; methylation; systemic acquired resistance; clones; gene expression; disease resistance; esters; Vitis vinifera; complementary DNA; amino acid sequences; pathogenicity; enzyme activity; caffeic acid; coenzyme A; niacin; transferases; cell suspension culture; chitinase
Abstract:
... Cell-suspension cultures of Vitis vinifera L. cv Pinot Noir accumulated resveratrol upon fungal elicitation, and the activity of S-adenosyl-1-methionine:trans-caffeoyl-coenzyme A 3-O-methyltransferase (CCoAOMT), yielding feruloyl-CoA, increased to a transient maximum at 12 to 15 h. CCoAOMT cDNA was cloned from the elicited cells and was shown to encode a polypeptide highly homologous to CCoAOMTs f ...
PubMed:
9390437
PubMed Central:
PMC158567

73. Characterization and functional expression of a ubiquitously expressed tomato pectin methylesterase

Author:
Gaffe, J.; Tiznado, M.E.; Handa, A.K.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.114 no.4 pp. 1547-1556
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Solanum lycopersicum var. lycopersicum; Nicotiana tabacum; roots; leaves; protein composition; pectinesterase; enzyme activity; hypocotyls; epicotyls; cotyledons; developmental stages; protein synthesis; genes; gene expression; amino acid sequences; messenger RNA; transgenic plants; genetic code; cell wall components; transcription (genetics)
Abstract:
... Pectin methylesterase (PME), a ubiquitous enzyme in plants, de-esterifies the methoxylated pectin in the plant cell wall. We have characterized a PME gene (designated as pmeu1) from tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) with an expression that is higher in younger root, leaf, and fruit tissues than in older tissues. Hypocotyls and epicotyls show higher accumulation of pmeu1 transcripts compared with co ...
PubMed:
9276962
PubMed Central:
PMC158449

74. Characterization and purification of an aldose reductase from the acidophilic and thermophilic red alga Galdieria sulphuraria

Author:
Gross, W.; Seipold, P.; Schnarrenberger, C.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.114 no.1 pp. 231-236
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
acidity; biosynthesis; pentose phosphate cycle; NADP (coenzyme); oxidoreductases; carbon; oxidation; chemical constituents of plants; temperature; enzyme activity; aldoses; Rhodophyta; light
Abstract:
... The acidophilic and thermophilic red alga Galdieria sulphuraria is able to grow heterotrophically on at least six different pentoses. These pentoses are reduced in the cell to pentiols by an NADP-dependent aldose reductase. The pentiols are then introduced into the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway via NAD-dependent polyol dehydrogenases and pentulokinases. The aldose reductase was purified 130- ...

75. Characterization of AtSEC12 and AtSAR1: proteins likely involved in endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi transport

Author:
Bar-Peled, M.; Raikhel, N.V.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.114 no.1 pp. 315-324
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Arabidopsis thaliana; protein composition; stems; guanosine triphosphate; binding proteins; protein transport; leaves; cell suspension culture; pollen; roots; endoplasmic reticulum; Golgi apparatus; pods
Abstract:
... Transport of cargo proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the cis-Golgi network is mediated by protein-coated vesicles. The coat, called COPII coat, consists of proteins that are recruited from the cytosol and interact with integral membrane proteins of the ER. In yeast, both cytosolic proteins (Sec13/31, Sec23/24, and Sar1) and ER-associated proteins (Sec12 and others) have been purified ...
PubMed:
9159953
PubMed Central:
PMC158307

76. Characterization of a diffusible signal capable of inducing defense gene expression in tobacco

Author:
Chappell, J.; Levine, A.; Tenhaken, R.; Lusso, M.; Lamb, C.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.113 no.2 pp. 621-629
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Nicotiana tabacum; cell suspension culture; Phytophthora cryptogea; plant pathogenic fungi; pathogenicity; disease resistance; genes; phytoalexins; biosynthesis; lyases; enzyme activity; measurement; gene expression; Glycine max; hydrogen peroxide; pathogenesis-related proteins; sesquiterpenoids
Abstract:
... Treatment of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) cell-suspension cultures with cryptogein, an elicitin protein from Phytophthora cryptogea, resulted in the release of a factor(s) that diffused through a 1000-D cutoff dialysis membrane and was capable of inducing sesquiterpene cyclase enzyme activity (a key phytoalexin biosynthetic enzyme in solanaceous plants) when added to fresh cell-suspension cultures. ...

77. Characterization of a light-controlled anion channel in the plasma membrane of mesophyll cells of pea

Author:
Elzenga, J.T.M.; Volkenburgh, E. van.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.113 no.4 pp. 1419-1426
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
calcium; ion transport; light intensity; anions; electrophysiology; plasma membrane; Pisum sativum; mesophyll
Abstract:
... In leaf mesophyll cells of pea (Pisum sativum) light induces a transient depolarization that is at least partly due to an increased plasma membrane conductance for anions. Several channel types were identified in the plasma membrane of protoplasts from mesophyll cells using the patch-clamp technique. One of these was an anion channel with a single-channel conductance of 32 picasiemens in symmetric ...

78. Characterization of a maize beta-amylase cDNA clone and its expression during seed germination

Author:
Wang, S.M.; Lue, W.L.; Wu, S.Y.; Huang, H.W.; Chen, J.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.113 no.2 pp. 403-409
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Zea mays; seed germination; beta-amylase; enzyme activity; genes; gene expression; aleurone layer; complementary DNA; clones; genetic code; nucleotide sequences; amino acid sequences
Abstract:
... A maize (Zea mays L.) cDNA clone (pZMB2) encoding beta-amylase was isolated from a cDNA library prepared from the aleurone RNA of germinating kernels. The cDNA encodes a predicted product of 488 amino acids with significant similarity to known beta-amylases from barley (Hordeum vulgare), rye (Secale cereale), and rice (Oryza sativa). Glycine-rich repeats found in the carboxyl terminus the endosper ...
PubMed:
9046591
PubMed Central:
PMC158154

79. Characterization of a new antifungal chitin-binding peptide from sugar beet leaves

Author:
Nielsen, K.K.; Nielsen, J.E.; Madrid, S.M.; Mikkelsen, J.D.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.113 no.1 pp. 83-91
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
plant pathogenic fungi; binding proteins; gene expression; disease resistance; cysteine; leaves; antifungal properties; protein composition; messenger RNA; complementary DNA; genetic code; amino acid sequences; pathogenicity; hevein; glycine (amino acid); Beta vulgaris; chitin; Cercospora beticola; flowers; physicochemical properties; nucleotide sequences; niacin; chitinase
Abstract:
... The intercellular washing fluid (IWF) from leaves of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) contains a number of proteins exhibiting in vitro antifungal activity against the devastating leaf pathogen Cercospora beticola (Sacc.). Among these, a potent antifungal peptide, designated IWF4, was identified. The 30-amino-acid residue sequence of IWF4 is rich in cysteines (6) and glycines (7) and has a highly bas ...
PubMed:
9008390
PubMed Central:
PMC158118

80. Characterization of antisense transformed plants deficient in the tobacco anionic peroxidase

Author:
Lagrimini, L.M.; Gingas, V.; Finger, F.; Rothstein, S.; Liu, T.T.Y.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.114 no.4 pp. 1187-1196
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
cell growth; chemical constituents of plants; Nicotiana sylvestris; developmental stages; lignification; genes; roots; antisense RNA; phenotype; stems; cell walls; Nicotiana tabacum; genotype; peroxidase; leaves; defense mechanisms; genetic code; morphogenesis; transcription (genetics); xylem; lignin; enzyme activity; isozymes; transgenic plants; stress response; genetic variation; plant morphology
Abstract:
... On the basis of the biological compoundsthat they metabolize, plant peroxidases have long been implicated in plant growth, cell wall biogenesis, lignification, and host defenses. Transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) plants that underexpress anionic peroxidase were generated using antisense RNA. The antisense RNA was found to be specific for the anionic isoenzyme and highly effective, reducing ...

81. Characterization of blue light signal transduction chains that control development and maintenance of sexual competence in Chlamydonomas reinhardtii

Author:
Pan, J.M.; Haring, M.A.; Beck, C.F.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.115 no.3 pp. 1241-1249
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii; sexual reproduction; blue light; germ cells; cell growth; cell differentiation; protein synthesis; genes; gene expression; phosphoric monoester hydrolases; enzyme activity
Abstract:
... Blue light induces the differentiation of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii pregametes to gametes. The light-induced conversion of pregametes to gametes is protein synthesis dependent and proceeds only after a lag phase. Upon incubation in the dark, gametes lost their mating ability, resulting in dark-inactivated gametes. Reillumination rapidly restored mating competence and this was shown to be independe ...

82. Characterization of flavonol synthase and leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenase genes in Arabidopsis: further evidence for differential regulation of "early" and "late" genes

Author:
Pelletier, M.K.; Murrell, J.R.; Shirley, B.W.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.113 no.4 pp. 1437-1445
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Arabidopsis thaliana; seedlings; flavonoids; biosynthesis; chemical reactions; biochemical pathways; lyases; oxygenases; enzyme activity; genes; gene expression; white light; chromosome mapping; inbred lines; mutants; genetic variation; clones; amino acid sequences
Abstract:
... As part of an ongoing investigation into the organization andregulation of the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway, two Arabidopsis thaliana expressed sequence tag (EST) clones (153O10T7 and YAY780) with high homology to leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenase (LDOX) or flavonol synthase (FLS) were identified. EST YAY780 was sequenced and found to encode a protein 49 to 78% identical to all LDOX sequences in th ...
PubMed:
9112784
PubMed Central:
PMC158268

83. Characterization of maize elongation factor 1A and its relationship to protein quality in the endosperm

Author:
Sun, Y.J.; Caneiro, N.; Clore, A.M.; Moro, G.L.; Habben, J.E.; Larkins, B.A.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.115 no.3 pp. 1101-1107
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
lysine; Zea mays; protein synthesis; quantitative analysis; complementary DNA; binding proteins; clones; amino acid sequences; endosperm; genotype; mutants; nucleotide sequences; genetic variation; protein content
Abstract:
... The protein synthesis elongation factor 1A (eEF1A) is a multifunctional protein in eukaryotic cells. In maize (Zea mays L.) endosperm eEF1A co-localizes with actin around protein bodies, and its accumulation is highly correlated with the protein-bound lysine (Lys) content. We purified eEF1A from maize kernels by ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion-exchange, and chromatofocusing. The identity of th ...
PubMed:
9390440
PubMed Central:
PMC158574

84. Characterization of new gibberellin-responsive semidwarf mutants of Arabidopsis

Author:
Sponsel, V.M.; Schmidt, F.W.; Porter, S.G.; Nakayama, M.; Kohlstruk, S.; Estelle, M.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.115 no.3 pp. 1009-1020
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
height; genes; phenotype; stems; gene expression; oxidation; dwarf cultivars; Arabidopsis thaliana; quantitative analysis; genetic code; plant characteristics; gibberellins; enzyme activity; biosynthesis; loci; genetic variation; biochemical pathways; oxidoreductases; mutants; chemical constituents of plants
Abstract:
... Chemical mutagenesis of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. yielded four semidwarf mutants, all of which appeared to be gibberellin (GA)-biosynthesis mutants. All four had atypical response profiles to C20-GAs, suggesting that each had impaired 20-oxidation. One mutant, 11.2, was shown to be allelic to ga5 and has been named ga5-2. It had altered metabolism of [14C]GA15 relative to that in wild-type ...
PubMed:
9390435
PubMed Central:
PMC158564

85. Characterization of nitrate reductase from light- and dark-exposed leaves. Comparison of different species and effects of 14-3-3 inhibitor proteins

Author:
Lillo, C.; Kazazaic, S.; Ruoff, P.; Meyer, C.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.114 no.4 pp. 1377-1383
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Cucurbita maxima; Spinacia oleracea; Nicotiana plumbaginifolia; leaves; protein composition; nitrate reductase; enzyme activity; chemical reactions; light; binding proteins; phosphoric monoester hydrolases; enzyme inhibitors; magnesium; transgenic plants; genetic code; gene expression; translocation (plant physiology)
Abstract:
... Nitrate reductase (NR) was extracted and partially purified from leaves of squash (Cucurbita maxima), spinach (Spinacia oleracea), and three transgenic Nicotiana plumbaginifolia leaves in the presence of phosphatase inhibitors to preserve its phosphorylation state. Purified squash NR showed activation by substrates (hysteresis) when prepared from leaves in the light as well as in darkness. A 14-3- ...

86. Characterization of regions within the n-terminal 6-kilodalton domain of phytochrome A that modulate its biological activity

Author:
Jordan, E.T.; Marita, J.M.; Clough, R.C.; Vierstra, R.D.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.115 no.2 pp. 693-704
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Avena sativa; seedlings; photoreceptors; red light; far-red light; phytochrome; apoproteins; plant development; alanine; serine; amino acid sequences; gene transfer; transgenic plants; Nicotiana tabacum; gene expression; genetic variation; light harvesting complex
Abstract:
... Phytochrome A (phyA) is a red/far-red (FR) light photoreceptor responsible for initiating numerous light-mediated plant growth and developmental responses, especially in FR light-enriched environments. We previously showed that the first 70 amino acids of the polypeptide contain at least two regions with potentially opposite functions (E.T. Jordan, J.R. Cherry, J.M. Walker, R.D. Vierstra [1996] Pl ...
PubMed:
9342873
PubMed Central:
PMC158530

87. Characterization of the cell wall microdomain surrounding plasmodesmata in apple fruit

Author:
Roy, S.; Watada, A.E.; Wergin, W.P.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.114 no.2 pp. 539-547
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Malus domestica; ripening; cytolysis; cell growth; cell division; anions; galacturonic acid; pectins; callose; antibodies; developmental stages; plasmodesmata; ultrastructure; cell wall components
Abstract:
... In fleshy fruits ripening is generally associated with a loss in tissue firmness resulting from depolymerization of wall components and separation of adjacent cells. In the regions of the wall that contain plasmodesmata, the usual sequences of ripening events, i.e. depolymerization of the middle lamellae and splitting of the walls, are not observed. In the present study we attempted to characteriz ...
Handle:
10113/31346

88. Characterization of the common bean uricase II and its expression in organs other than nodules

Author:
Capote-Mainez, N.; Sanchez, F.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.115 no.4 pp. 1307-1317
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
seedlings; Leucaena leucocephala; Phaseolus vulgaris; genes; hypocotyls; gene expression; Zea mays; metabolism; complementary DNA; genetic code; Bradyrhizobium; root nodules; amino acid sequences; transcription (genetics); phloem; Rhizobium; xylem; enzyme activity; uric acid; symbiosis; cotyledons; oxidoreductases
Abstract:
... Uricase II is a purine metabolic enzyme highly induced in root nodules during the symbiosis established between legumes and bacteria of the genera Rhizobium and Bradyrhizobium. Here we describe the characterization of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) nodule uricase II cDNA and show that uricase II is encoded by a single gene in the bean genome. This gene is also expressed in cotyledons, roots, and hypoco ...
PubMed:
9414545
PubMed Central:
PMC158596

89. Characterization of the glycerolipid composition and biosynthetic capacity of pea root plastids

Author:
Xue, L.; McCune, L.M.; Kleppinger-Sparace, K.F.; Brown, M.J.; Pomeroy, M.K.; Sparace, S.A.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.113 no.2 pp. 549-557
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Pisum sativum; roots; plastids; biosynthesis; galactose; acylglycerols; phosphatidylcholines; potassium chloride; magnesium chloride; propane; sorbitol; adenosine triphosphate; coenzyme A; cations; enzyme activity; fatty acids; pH; chemical constituents of plants; NAD (coenzyme); NADP (coenzyme)
Abstract:
... The glycerolipid composition of pea (Pisum sativum L.) root plastids and their capacity to synthesize glycerolipids from [UL-14C]glycerol-3-phosphate were determined. Pea root plastids primarily consist of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol, triacylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, digalactosyldiacylglycerol, and diacylglycerol. Maximum rates of total glycerolipid biosynthesis were obtained in the presence ...

90. Characterization of the variation potential in sunflower

Author:
Stankovic, B.; Zawadzki, T.; Davies, E.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.115 no.3 pp. 1083-1088
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Helianthus annuus; xylem; membrane potential; turgor; proton pump; plasma membrane; ion exchange; stress response
Abstract:
... A major candidate for intercellular signaling in higher plants is the stimulus-induced systemic change in membrane potential known as variation potential (VP). We investigated the mechanism of occurrence and long-distance propagation of VP in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) plants. Here we present evidence of the relationship among injury-induced changes in xylem tension, turgor pressure, and ele ...

91. Characterization of thylakoid-derived lipid-protein particles bearing the large subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase

Author:
Smith, M.D.; Ghosh, S.; Dumbroff, E.B.; Thompson, J.E.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.115 no.3 pp. 1073-1082
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase; fatty acids; thylakoids; proteinases; adenosine triphosphate; Phaseolus vulgaris; esters; light; chemical constituents of plants; protein content; enzyme activity
Abstract:
... Lipid-protein particles bearing the 55-kD ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) (EC 4.1.1.39) large subunit (RLSU) and no detectable corresponding Rubisco small subunit (RSSU) were isolated from the stroma of intact chloroplasts by flotation centrifugation. Stromal RLSU-bearing particles appear to originate from thylakoids because they can also be generated in vitro by illumina ...

92. Characterization of water channels in wheat root membrane vesicles

Author:
Niemietz, C.M.; Tyerman, S.D.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.115 no.2 pp. 561-567
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Triticum aestivum; roots; cell membranes; water uptake; measurement; osmotic pressure; membrane permeability; diffusion; mercury compounds; energy balance
Abstract:
... The functional significance of water channels in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) root membranes was assessed using light scattering to measure vesicle shrinking in response to osmotic gradients rapidly imposed in a stopped flow apparatus. Vesicles were obtained from both a plasma membrane fraction and a plasma membrane-depleted endomembrane fraction including tonoplast vesicles. Osmotic water permeab ...

93. Chemical composition of hypodermal and endodermal cell walls and xylem vessels isolated from Clivia miniata: Identification of the biopolymers lignin and suberin

Author:
Zeier, J.; Schreiber, L.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.113 no.4 pp. 1123-1231
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Clivia miniata; roots; xylem; lignin; suberin; spectral analysis; chemical structure; nutrient uptake; nutrient transport; cell wall components; chemical constituents of plants; solutes
Abstract:
... The occurrence of the biopolymers lignin and suberin was investigated with hypodermal (HCW) and endodermal cell walls (ECW) and xylem vessels (XV) isolated from Clivia miniata Reg. roots. Both biopolymers were detected in HCW and ECW, whereas in XV, typical aliphatic suberin monomers were missing and only representative lignin monomers such as guaiacyl (G) and syringyl (S) units could be detected. ...

94. Chlorophyll breakdown in senescent chloroplasts

Author:
Rodoni, S.; Muhlecker, W.; Anderl, M.; Krautler, B.; Moser, D.; Thomas, H.; Matile, P.; Hortensteiner, S.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.115 no.2 pp. 669-676
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
chloroplasts; metabolism; Hordeum vulgare; Capsicum annuum; fluorescence; chemical reactions; cotyledons; biochemical pathways; cell membranes; Brassica napus; enzyme activity; chlorophyll; oxygenases; chemical structure; metabolites
Abstract:
... The cleavage of pheophorbide (Pheide) a into primary fluorescent chlorophyll (Chl) catabolites (pFCCs) in senescent chloroplasts was investigated. Chloroplast preparations isolated fromsenescent canola (Brassica napus) cotyledons exhibited light-dependent production of pFCC when assay mixtures were supplemented with ferredoxin (Fd). pFCC production in detergent-solubilized membranes was dependent ...

95. Cinnamate-4-hydroxylase expression in Arabidopsis regulation in response to development and the environment

Author:
Bell-Lelong, D.A.; Cusumano, J.C.; Meyer, K.; Chapple, C.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.113 no.3 pp. 729-738
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Arabidopsis thaliana; complementary DNA; ecotypes; genetic code; transgenic plants; seedlings; flowers; cinnamic acid; clones; amino acid sequences; mutants; reporter genes; nucleotide sequences; genetic variation; enzyme activity; oxygenases; roots; leaves
Abstract:
... Cinnamate-4-hydroxylase (C4H) is the first Cyt P450-dependent monooxygenase of the phenylpropanoid pathway. To study the expression of this gene in Arabidopsis thaliana, a C4H cDNA clone from the Arabidopsis expressed sequence tag database was identified and used to isolate its corresponding genomic clone. The entire C4H coding sequence plus 2.9 kb of its promoter were isolated on a 5.4-kb HindIII ...
PubMed:
9085570
PubMed Central:
PMC158190

96. Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase: identification of new sites of promoter activity in transgenic poplar

Author:
Hawkins, S.; Samaj, J.; Lauvergeat, V.; Boudet, A.; Grima-Pettenati, J.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.113 no.2 pp. 321-325
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
alcohol dehydrogenase; gene transfer; promoter regions; hybrids; stems; Populus alba; transgenic plants; Eucalyptus gunnii; cinnamic acid; gene expression; genes; Populus tremula; enzyme activity; histochemistry; beta-glucuronidase
Abstract:
... Stem sections from poplar that were stably transformed with a eucalypt cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase promoter-beta-glucuronidase construct were prepared by using either a technique routinely used in herbaceous species or a technique designed to take into account the particular anatomy of woody plants. Although both preparation techniques confirmed the pattern of expression previously observed (C. ...

97. Circardian regulation of sucrose phosphate synthase activity in tomato by protein phosphatase activity

Author:
Jones, T.L.; Ort, D.R.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.113 no.4 pp. 1167-1175
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
hexosyltransferases; protein synthesis; biosynthesis; cycloheximide; cordycepin; phosphoric monoester hydrolases; sucrose; transcription (genetics); enzyme inhibitors; gene expression; diurnal variation; genes; okadaic acid; phosphotransferases (kinases); phosphorylation; enzyme activity; circadian rhythm; light; Solanum lycopersicum var. lycopersicum
Abstract:
... Sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), a key enzyme in sucrose biosynthesis, is regulated by protein phosphorylation and shows a circadian pattern of activity in tomato. SPS is most active in its dephosphorylated state, which normally coincides with daytime. Applying okadaic acid, a potent protein phosphatase inhibitor, prevents SPS activation. More interesting is that a brief treatment with cyclohexim ...

98. Cloning and overexpression of two cDNAs encoding the low-CO2-inducible chloroplast envelope protein LIP-36 from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Author:
Chen, Z.Y.; Lavigne, L.L.; Mason, C.B.; Moroney, J.V.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.114 no.1 pp. 265-273
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii; gene expression; complementary DNA; genetic code; chloroplasts; plant proteins; carbon dioxide; dose response; photorespiration; amino acid sequences; restriction mapping
Abstract:
... Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a unicellular green alga, grows photoautotrophically at very low concentrations of inorganic carbon due to the presence of an inducible CO2-concentrating mechanism. During the induction of the CO2-concentrating mechanism at low-CO2 growth conditions, at least five polypeptides that are either absent or present in low amounts in cells grown on high-CO2 concentrations are ...
PubMed:
9159951
PubMed Central:
PMC158302

99. Cloning and subcellular location of an Arabidopsis receptor-like protein that shares common features with protein-sorting receptors of eukaryotic cells

Author:
Ahmed, S.U.; Bar-Peled, M.; Raikhel, N.V.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.114 no.1 pp. 325-336
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Arabidopsis thaliana; binding proteins; gene expression; amino acid sequences; protein transport; genes; cell suspension culture
Abstract:
... Many receptors involved in clathrin-mediated protein transport through the endocytic and secretory pathways of yeast and animal cells share common features. They are all type I integral membrane proteins containing cysteine-rich lumenal domains and cytoplasmic tails with tyrosine-containing sorting signals. The cysteine-rich domains are thought to be involved in ligand binding, whereas the cytopla ...

100. Cloning and subcellular location of an arabidopsis receptor-like protein that shares common features with protein-sorting receptors of eukaryotic cells

Author:
Ahmed, S.U.; Bar-Peled, M.; Raikhel, N.V.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.115 no.1 pp. 311-312
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Arabidopsis thaliana; genes; nucleotide sequences; binding proteins