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You searched for: Journal Plant physiology Remove constraint Journal: Plant physiology Subject Triticum aestivum Remove constraint Subject: Triticum aestivum
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1. A 3,000-Loci Transcription Map of Chromosome 3B Unravels the Structural and Functional Features of Gene Islands in Hexaploid Wheat

Author:
Camille Rustenholz; Frédéric Choulet; Christel Laugier; Jan Šafář; Hana Šimková; Jaroslav DoleŽel; Federica Magni; Simone Scalabrin; Federica Cattonaro; Sonia Vautrin; Arnaud Bellec; Hélène Bergès; Catherine Feuillet; Etienne Paux
Source:
Plant physiology 2011 v.157 no.4 pp. 1596-1608
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Brachypodium distachyon; Oryza sativa; RNA; Triticum aestivum; bacterial artificial chromosomes; chromosome mapping; complementary DNA; evolution; gene duplication; gene expression; gene expression regulation; genes; genomic islands; hexaploidy; microarray technology; rice; telomeres; wheat
Abstract:
... To improve our understanding of the organization and regulation of the wheat (Triticum aestivum) gene space, we established a transcription map of a wheat chromosome (3B) by hybridizing a newly developed wheat expression microarray with bacterial artificial chromosome pools from a new version of the 3B physical map as well as with cDNA probes derived from 15 RNA samples. Mapping data for almost 3, ...
DOI:
10.1104/pp.111.183921
PubMed:
22034626
PubMed Central:
PMC3327205

2. 8'-Methylene abscisic acid: an effective and persistent analog of abscisic acid

Author:
Abrams, S.R.; Rose, P.A.; Cutler, A.J.; Balsevich, J.J.; Lei, B.; Walker-Simmons, M.K.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.114 no.1 pp. 89-97
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
seed germination; Zea mays; chemical reactions; seedlings; cotyledons; biochemical pathways; carbon; transpiration; Triticum aestivum; growth retardation; gene expression; binding sites; abscisic acid; Lepidium sativum; synthesis; cell suspension culture
Abstract:
... We report here the synthesis and biological activity of a new persistent abscisic acid (ABA) analog, 8'-methylene ABA. This ABA analog has one additional carbon atom attached through a double bond to the 8'-carbon of the ABA molecule. (+)-8'-Methylene ABA is more active than the natural hormone (+)-ABA in inhibiting germination of cress seed and excised wheat embryos, in reducing growth of suspens ...

3. Acclimation of Leaf Nitrogen to Vertical Light Gradient at Anthesis in Wheat Is a Whole-Plant Process That Scales with the Size of the Canopy

Author:
Delphine Moreau; Vincent Allard; Oorbessy Gaju; Jacques Le Gouis; M. John Foulkes; Pierre Martre
Source:
Plant physiology 2012 v.160 no.3 pp. 1479-1490
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Triticum aestivum; acclimation; canopy; cultivars; ecophysiology; environmental factors; flowering; genetic variation; leaves; models; nitrogen; photosynthesis; wheat
Abstract:
... Vertical leaf nitrogen (N) gradient within a canopy is classically considered as a key adaptation to the local light environment that would tend to maximize canopy photosynthesis. We studied the vertical leaf N gradient with respect to the light gradient for wheat (Triticum aestivum) canopies with the aims of quantifying its modulation by crop N status and genetic variability and analyzing its eco ...
DOI:
10.1104/pp.112.199935
PubMed:
22984122
PubMed Central:
PMC3490594

4. Accumulation of Al in root mucilage of an Al-resistant and an Al-sensitive cultivar of wheat

Author:
Archambault, D.J.; Zhang, G.; Taylor, G.J.
Source:
Plant physiology 1996 v.112 no.4 pp. 1471-1478
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Triticum aestivum; aluminum; metal tolerance; root tips; metal ions; ion transport; mucilages; kinetics; uptake mechanisms; varietal resistance; symplast
Abstract:
... To estimate rates of Al accumulation within the symplasm, all apoplastic pools of Al need to be eliminated or accounted for. We have developed a revised kinetic protocol that allows us to estimate the contribution of mucilage-bound Al to total, nonexchangeable Al, and to eliminate the mucilage as an apoplastic pool of Al. By comparing the Al content of excised root tips (2 cm) of wheat (Triticum a ...

5. Activities of key enzymes in sucrose-to-starch conversion in wheat grains subjected to water deficit during grain filling

Author:
Yang, J.; Zhang, J.; Wang, Z.; Xu, G.; Zhu, Q.
Source:
Plant physiology 2004 v.135 no.3 pp. 1621-1629
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Triticum aestivum; wheat; grain crops; seeds; filling period; water stress; sucrose; starch; bioaccumulation; sucrose synthase; starch synthase; nucleotidyltransferases; beta-fructofuranosidase; carbohydrate metabolism; enzyme activity; leaf water potential; carbon; abscisic acid; fluridone
Abstract:
... This study tested the hypothesis that a controlled water deficit during grain filling of wheat (Triticum aestivum) could accelerate grain-filling rate through regulating the key enzymes involved in Suc-to-starch pathway in the grains. Two high lodging-resistant wheat cultivars were field grown. Well-watered and water-deficit (WD) treatments were imposed from 9 DPA until maturity. The WD promoted t ...
DOI:
10.1104/pp.104.041038
PubMed:
15235118
PubMed Central:
PMC519076

6. Al partitioning patterns and root growth as related to Al sensitivity and Al tolerance in wheat

Author:
Samuels, T.D.; Kucukakyuz, K.; Rincon-Zachary, M.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.113 no.2 pp. 527-534
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Triticum aestivum; roots; aluminum; quantitative analysis; dose response; phytotoxicity; cultivars; translocation (plant physiology); biological resistance
Abstract:
... Studies of Al partitioning and accumulation and of the effect of Al on the growth of intact wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) roots of cultivars that show differential Al sensitivity were conducted. The effects of various Al concentrations on root growth and Al accumulation inthe tissue were followed for 24 h. At low external Al concentrations, Al accumulation in the root tips was low and root growth w ...

7. Al-induced, 51-kilodalton, membrane-bound proteins are associated with resistance to Al in a segregating population of wheat

Author:
Taylor, G.J.; Basu, A.; Basu, U.; Slaski, J.J.; Zhang, G.; Good, A.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.114 no.1 pp. 363-372
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
cultivars; sulfur; protein synthesis; dose response; quantitative analysis; callose; phytotoxicity; radiolabeling; stress response; cytosol; microsomes; Triticum aestivum; aluminum; mitochondria; tonoplast; genetic variation; plasma membrane; genotype; protein composition
Abstract:
... Incorporation of 35S into protein is reduced by exposure to Al in wheat (Triticum aestivum), but the effects are genotype-specific. Exposure to 10 to 75 micromolars Al had little effect on 35S incorporation into total protein, nuclear and mitochondrial protein, microsomal protein, and cytosolic protein in the Al-resistant cultivar PT741. In contrast, 10 micromolars Al reduced incorporation by 21 t ...

8. Allelic Series of Four Powdery Mildew Resistance Genes at the Pm3 Locus in Hexaploid Bread Wheat

Author:
Srichumpa, Payorm; Brunner, Susanne; Keller, Beat; Yahiaoui, Nabila
Source:
Plant physiology 2005 v.139 no.2 pp. 885-895
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
cultivars; plant genetics; grain crops; haplotypes; alleles; loci; wheat; powdery mildew; Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici; amino acid sequences; Triticum aestivum; disease resistance; molecular cloning; plant pathogenic fungi; nucleotide sequences; multigene family; hexaploidy
Abstract:
... At the Pm3 locus in hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum), 10 alleles conferring race-specific resistance to powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici) are known. A cluster of genes encoding coiled-coil-nucleotide-binding site-leucine-rich repeat proteins spans the Pm3 locus on wheat chromosome 1A, and one member of this gene family has recently been identified as the Pm3b resistance gene. Us ...
DOI:
10.1104/pp.105.062406
PubMed:
16183849
PubMed Central:
PMC1256003

9. Allelopathy and grain crop production

Author:
Minorsky, P.V.
Source:
Plant physiology 2002 v.130 no.4 pp. 1745-1746
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Oryza sativa; rice; Triticum aestivum; wheat; Zea mays; corn; grain crops; food crops; Sorghum bicolor; Hordeum vulgare; barley; seedlings; plant development; allelopathy; crop yield; allelochemicals

10. Aluminum-induced 1 leads to 3-beta-D-glucan inhibits cell-to-cell trafficking of molecules through plasmodesmata. A new mechanism of aluminum toxicity in plants

Author:
Sivaguru, M.; Fujiwara, T.; Samaj, J.; Baluska, F.; Yang, Z.; Osawa, H.; Maeda, T.; Mori, T.; Volkmann, D.; Matsumoto, H.
Source:
Plant physiology 2000 v.124 no.3 pp. 991-1005
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Triticum aestivum; roots; aluminum; phytotoxicity; plasmodesmata; glucans; callose; immunohistochemistry; developmental stages; translocation (plant physiology); symplast; stress response
Abstract:
... Symplastic intercellular transport in plants is achieved by plasmodesmata (PD). These cytoplasmic channels are well known to interconnect plant cells to facilitate intercellular movement of water, nutrients, and signaling molecules including hormones. However, it is not known whether Al may affect this cell-to-cell transport process, which is a critical feature for roots as organs of nutrient/wate ...

11. Amelioration of ozone-induced oxidative damage in wheat plants grown under high carbon dioxide. Role of antioxidant enzymes

Author:
Rao, M.V.; Hale, B.A.; Ormrod, D.P.
Source:
Plant physiology 1995 v.109 no.2 pp. 421-432
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
carbon dioxide; plant nutrition; glutathione-disulfide reductase; ascorbate peroxidase; superoxide dismutase; NADP (coenzyme); isozymes; ozone; environmental exposure; Triticum aestivum; carotenoids; oxidation; biomass production; enzyme activity; chlorophyll; peroxidase; antioxidants; leaves
Abstract:
... O3-induced changes in growth, oxidative damage to protein, and specific activities of certain antioxidant enzymes were investigated in wheat plant (Triticum aestivum L. cv Roblin) grown under ambient or high CO2. High CO2 enhanced shoot biomass of wheat plants, whereas O3 exposure decreased shoot biomass. The shoot biomass was relatively unaffected in plants grown under a combination of high CO2 a ...

12. Amylolytic activities in cereal seeds under aerobic and anaerobic conditions

Author:
Guglielminetti, L.; Yamaguchi, J.; Perata, P.; Alpi, A.
Source:
Plant physiology 1995 v.109 no.3 pp. 1069-1076
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
seed germination; starch granules; anaerobic conditions; beta-amylase; aerobic conditions; pullulanase; Hordeum vulgare; biosynthesis; Oryza sativa; seedlings; alpha-glucosidase; Triticum aestivum; hydrolysis; biodegradation; enzyme activity; hypoxia; alpha-amylase
Abstract:
... An adequate carbohydrate supply contributes to the survival of seeds under conditions of limited oxygen availability. The amount of soluble, readily fermentable carbohydrates in dry cereal seeds is usually very limited, with starch representing the main storage compound. Starch breakdown during the germination of cereal seeds is the result of the action of hydrolytic enzymes and only through the c ...

13. Analysis of Intraspecies Diversity in Wheat and Barley Genomes Identifies Breakpoints of Ancient Haplotypes and Provides Insight into the Structure of Diploid and Hexaploid Triticeae Gene Pools

Author:
Wicker, Thomas; Krattinger, Simon G.; Lagudah, Evans S.; Komatsuda, Takao; Pourkheirandish, Mohammad; Matsumoto, Takashi; Cloutier, Sylvie; Reiser, Laurenz; Kanamori, Hiroyuki; Sato, Kazuhiro; Perovic, Dragan; Stein, Nils; Keller, Beat
Source:
Plant physiology 2009 v.149 no.1 pp. 258-270
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Aegilops tauschii; Hordeum vulgare; Triticum aestivum; agroecosystems; barley; crossing over; diploidy; gene flow; genes; genetic markers; haplotypes; hexaploidy; loci; transposons; wheat; wild relatives
Abstract:
... A large number of wheat (Triticum aestivum) and barley (Hordeum vulgare) varieties have evolved in agricultural ecosystems since domestication. Because of the large, repetitive genomes of these Triticeae crops, sequence information is limited and molecular differences between modern varieties are poorly understood. To study intraspecies genomic diversity, we compared large genomic sequences at the ...
DOI:
10.1104/pp.108.129734
PubMed:
19011002
PubMed Central:
PMC2613701

14. Analysis of Protein Complexes in Wheat Amyloplasts Reveals Functional Interactions among Starch Biosynthetic Enzymes

Author:
Tetlow, Ian J.; Beisel, Kim G.; Cameron, Scott; Makhmoudova, Amina; Liu, Fushan; Bresolin, Nicole S.; Wait, Robin; Morell, Matthew K.; Emes, Michael J.
Source:
Plant physiology 2008 v.146 no.4 pp. 1878-1891
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Triticum aestivum; alkaline phosphatase; amylopectin; amyloplasts; antibodies; biosynthesis; chromatography; crosslinking; developmental stages; dissociation; endosperm; filtration; gels; in vitro studies; mass spectrometry; molecular weight; phosphorylation; pollination; protein-protein interactions; proteins; wheat
Abstract:
... Protein-protein interactions among enzymes of amylopectin biosynthesis were investigated in developing wheat (Triticum aestivum) endosperm. Physical interactions between starch branching enzymes (SBEs) and starch synthases (SSs) were identified from endosperm amyloplasts during the active phase of starch deposition in the developing grain using immunoprecipitation and cross-linking strategies. Coi ...
DOI:
10.1104/pp.108.116244
PubMed:
18263778
PubMed Central:
PMC2287356

15. Analysis of Two in Planta Expressed LysM Effector Homologs from the Fungus Mycosphaerella graminicola Reveals Novel Functional Properties and Varying Contributions to Virulence on Wheat

Author:
Marshall, Rosalind; Kombrink, Anja; Motteram, Juliet; Loza-Reyes, Elisa; Lucas, John; Hammond-Kosack, Kim E.; Thomma, Bart P.H.J.; Rudd, Jason J.
Source:
Plant physiology 2011 v.156 no.2 pp. 756-769
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
protein binding; tomatoes; Mycosphaerella graminicola; sporulation; Solanum lycopersicum; enzymes; hosts; plant proteins; hyphae; wheat; amino acids; Triticum aestivum; genes; plant pathogenic fungi; functional properties; virulence; molds (fungi); leaves; Passalora fulva
Abstract:
... Secreted effector proteins enable plant pathogenic fungi to manipulate host defenses for successful infection. Mycosphaerella graminicola causes Septoria tritici blotch disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum) leaves. Leaf infection involves a long (approximately 7 d) period of symptomless intercellular colonization prior to the appearance of necrotic disease lesions. Therefore, M. graminicola is cons ...
DOI:
10.1104/pp.111.176347
PubMed:
21467214
PubMed Central:
PMC3177273

16. Antioxidative defense system, pigment composition, and photosynthetic efficiency in two wheat cultivars subjected to drought

Author:
Loggini, B.; Scartazza, A.; Brugnoli, E.; Navari-Izzo, F.
Source:
Plant physiology 1999 v.119 no.3 pp. 1091-1099
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
rehydration; lipid peroxidation; drought; neoxanthin; glutathione; zeaxanthin; Triticum aestivum; oxidation; cultivars; antheraxanthin; lutein; glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; enzyme activity; fructose-bisphosphatase; biochemical pathways; glutathione peroxidase; photosystem II; chemical constituents of plants; chlorophyll; chloroplasts
Abstract:
... We analyzed antioxidative defenses, photosynthesis, and pigments (especially xanthophyll-cycle components) in two wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) cultivars, Adamello and Ofanto, during dehydration and rehydration to determine the difference in their sensitivities to drought and to elucidate the role of different protective mechanisms against oxidative stress. Drought caused a more pronounced inhibiti ...

17. Arabinoxylan biosynthesis in wheat. Characterization of arabinosyltransferase activity in Golgi membranes

Author:
Porchia, A.C.; Sorensen, S.O.; Scheller, H.V.
Source:
Plant physiology 2002 v.130 no.1 pp. 432-441
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Triticum aestivum; wheat; food crops; seedlings; Golgi apparatus; microsomes; plant proteins; transferases; enzyme activity; xylan; biosynthesis; pH; manganese; cations; solubilization; carbon; isotopes; isotope labeling; chemical constituents of plants; arabinoxylan
Abstract:
... Arabinoxylan arabinosyltransferase (AX-AraT) activity was investigated using microsomes and Golgi vesicles isolated from wheat (Triticum aestivum) seedlings. Incubation of microsomes with UDP-[14C]-beta-L-arabinopyranose resulted in incorporation of radioactivity into two different products, although most of the radioactivity was present in xylose (Xyl), indicating a high degree of UDP-arabinose ( ...
PubMed:
12226522
PubMed Central:
PMC166575

18. Aryl hydroxylation of the herbicide diclofop by a wheat cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase: Substrate specificity and physiological activity

Author:
Zimmerlin, A.; Durst, F.
Source:
Plant physiology 1992 v.100 no.2 pp. 874-881
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
chlorotoluron; chlorsulfuron; microsomes; cytochrome P-450; Triticum aestivum; oxidation; diclofop; enzyme activity; 2,4-D; oxygenases
Abstract:
... Wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv Etoile de Choisy) microsomes catalyzed the cytochrome P-450-dependent oxidation of the herbicide diclofop to three hydroxy-diclofop isomers. Hydroxylation was predominant at carbon 4, with migration of chlorine to carbon 5 (67%) and carbon 3 (25%). The 2,4-dichloro-5-hydroxy isomer was identified as a minor reaction product (8%). Substrate-specificity studies showed ...
DOI:
10.1104/pp.100.2.874
PubMed:
16653070

19. Barley cbf3 gene identification, expression pattern, and map location

Author:
Choi, D.W.; Rodriguez, E.M.; Close, T.J.
Source:
Plant physiology 2002 v.129 no.4 pp. 1781-1787
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Hordeum vulgare; barley; grain crops; food crops; Triticum aestivum; wheat; seedlings; plant extracts; plant proteins; transcription factors; genes; gene expression; Oryza sativa; rice; Arabidopsis thaliana; chromosome mapping; chromosomes; amino acid sequences; nucleotide sequences; chemical constituents of plants
Abstract:
... Although cold and drought adaptation in cereals and other plants involve the induction of a large number of genes, inheritance studies in Triticeae (wheat [Triticum aestivum], barley [Hordeum vulgare], and rye [Secale cereale]) have revealed only a few major loci for frost or drought tolerance that are consistent across multiple genetic backgrounds and environments. One might imagine that these lo ...
PubMed:
12177491
PubMed Central:
PMC166766

20. Blufensin1 Negatively Impacts Basal Defense in Response to Barley Powdery Mildew

Author:
Meng, Yan; Moscou, Matthew J.; Wise, Roger P.
Source:
Plant physiology 2009 v.149 no.1 pp. 271-285
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Phytoplasma; rice; barley; alleles; Blumeria graminis; Hordeum vulgare; resistance to penetration; Oryza sativa; barley protein; wheat; peptides; gene silencing; gene expression; powdery mildew; resistance mechanisms; Triticum aestivum; Barley stripe mosaic virus
Abstract:
... Plants have evolved complex regulatory mechanisms to control the defense response against microbial attack. Both temporal and spatial gene expression are tightly regulated in response to pathogen ingress, modulating both positive and negative control of defense. BLUFENSIN1 (BLN1), a small peptide belonging to a novel family of proteins in barley (Hordeum vulgare), is highly induced by attack from ...
DOI:
10.1104/pp.108.129031
PubMed:
19005086
PubMed Central:
PMC2613711

21. The BnALMT1 and BnALMT2 Genes from Rape Encode Aluminum-Activated Malate Transporters That Enhance the Aluminum Resistance of Plant Cells

Author:
Ligaba, Ayalew; Katsuhara, Maki; Ryan, Peter R.; Shibasaka, Mineo; Matsumoto, Hideaki
Source:
Plant physiology 2006 v.142 no.3 pp. 1294-1303
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Brassica napus; Nicotiana tabacum; Triticum aestivum; Xenopus laevis; aluminum; anions; cations; citrates; gene expression; genes; lanthanum; malates; oocytes; phosphorus; roots; shoots; tobacco; transfection; transporters; wheat; ytterbium
Abstract:
... The release of organic anions from roots can protect plants from aluminum (Al) toxicity and help them overcome phosphorus (P) deficiency. Our previous findings showed that Al treatment induced malate and citrate efflux from rape (Brassica napus) roots, and that P deficiency did not induce the efflux. Since this response is similar to the malate efflux from wheat (Triticum aestivum) that is control ...
DOI:
10.1104/pp.106.085233
PubMed:
17028155
PubMed Central:
PMC1630743

22. Calmodulin is involved in heat shock signal transduction in wheat

Author:
Liu, H.T.; Li, B.; Shang, Z.L.; Li, X.Z.; Mu, R.L.; Sun, D.Y.; Zhou, R.G.
Source:
Plant physiology 2003 v.132 no.3 pp. 1186-1195
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Triticum aestivum; wheat; plant proteins; calcium; calmodulin; messenger RNA; protein content; heat shock proteins; gene expression regulation; protein synthesis; heat stress; signal transduction; nucleotide sequences
DOI:
10.1104/pp.102.018564
PubMed:
12857801
PubMed Central:
PMC167059

23. Cell Walls of Developing Wheat Starchy Endosperm: Comparison of Composition and RNA-Seq Transcriptome

Author:
Till K. Pellny; Alison Lovegrove; Jackie Freeman; Paola Tosi; Christopher G. Love; J. Paul Knox; Peter R. Shewry; Rowan A.C. Mitchell
Source:
Plant physiology 2012 v.158 no.2 pp. 612-627
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Arabidopsis thaliana; Triticum aestivum; arabinoxylan; callose; cell walls; cellulose; endosperm; filling period; genes; hydrolysis; pectins; starch; transcriptome; wheat; whole grain foods; xylan
Abstract:
... The transcriptome of the developing starchy endosperm of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum) was determined using RNA-Seq isolated at five stages during grain fill. This resource represents an excellent way to identify candidate genes responsible for the starchy endosperm cell wall, which is dominated by arabinoxylan (AX), accounting for 70% of the cell wall polysaccharides, with 20% (1,3;1,4)-β-D ...
DOI:
10.1104/pp.111.189191
PubMed:
22123899
PubMed Central:
PMC3271754

24. Characterization of a cold-regulated wheat gene related to Arabidopsis cor47

Author:
Guo, W.; Ward, R.W.; Thomashow, M.F.
Source:
Plant physiology 1992 v.100 no.2 pp. 915-922
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Triticum aestivum; Arabidopsis thaliana; complementary DNA; structural genes; plant proteins; nucleotide sequences; amino acid sequences; threonine; histidine; messenger RNA; gene expression; seeds; cold; acclimation; leaves; roots; abscisic acid; water stress; glycine (amino acid)
Abstract:
... The cDNA clone pWG1 represents a gene, designated cor39, from Triticum aestivum L. cv Winoka (a winter wheat) that is related to a cold-regulated Arabidopsis thaliana L. (Heyn) gene, cor47. In vitro transcription/translation experiments in conjunction with DNA sequence analysis indicated that cor39 encodes a hydrophilic polypeptide of 39 kD (isoelectric point of 7.5), designated COR39. The polypep ...
DOI:
10.1104/pp.100.2.915
PubMed:
16653076

25. Characterization of a granule-bound starch synthase isoform found in the pericarp of wheat

Author:
Nakamura, T.; Vrinten, P.; Hayakwa, K.; Ikeda, J.
Source:
Plant physiology 1998 v.118 no.2 pp. 451-459
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Triticum aestivum; endosperm; pollen; protein composition; amylose; biosynthesis; glycogen (starch) synthase; isozymes; physicochemical properties; enzyme activity; pericarp; ultrastructure; amino acid sequences
Abstract:
... Waxy wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) lacks the waxy protein, which is also known as granule-bound starch synthase I (GBSSI). The starch granules of waxy wheat endosperm and pollen do not contain amylose and therefore stain red-brown with iodine. However, we observed that starch from pericarp tissue of waxy wheat stained blue-black and contained amylose. Significantly higher starch synthase activity w ...
PubMed:
9765530
PubMed Central:
PMC34820

26. Characterization of a low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit gene from bread wheat and the corresponding protein that represents a major subunit of the glutenin polymer

Author:
Masci, S.; D'Ovidio, R.; Lafiandra, D.; Kasarda, D.D.
Source:
Plant physiology 1998 v.118 no.4 pp. 1147-1158
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
viscoelasticity; glutenins; wheat flour; DNA; cysteine; amino acid sequences; genes; Triticum aestivum; food composition; protein composition
Abstract:
... Both high- and low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (LMW-GS) play the major role in determining the viscoelastic properties of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) flour. To date there has been no clear correspondence between the amino acid sequences of LMW-GS derived from DNA sequencing and those of actual LMW-GS present in the endosperm. We have characterized a particular LMW-GS from hexaploid bread w ...
PubMed:
9847089
PubMed Central:
PMC34731

27. Characterization of cadmium binding, uptake, and translocation in intact seedlings of bread and durum wheat cultivars

Author:
Hart, J.J.; Welch, R.M.; Norvell, W.A.; Sullivanm, L.A.; Kochian, L.V.
Source:
Plant physiology 1998 v.116 no.4 pp. 1413-1420
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Triticum turgidum subsp. durum; Triticum aestivum; seedlings; roots; cadmium; ion transport; cell walls; xylem; shoots; seeds; radiolabeling; kinetics; plasma membrane; translocation (plant physiology); binding sites
Abstract:
... High Cd content in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var durum) grain grown in the United States and Canada presents potential health and economic problems for consumers and growers. In an effort to understand the biological processes that result in excess Cd accumulation, root Cd uptake and xylem translocation to shoots in seedlings of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and durum wheat cultivars ...

28. Characterization of the endoproteases appearing during wheat grain development

Author:
Dominguez, F.; Cejudo, F.J.
Source:
Plant physiology 1996 v.112 no.3 pp. 1211-1217
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Triticum aestivum; seed development; developmental stages; chlorophyll; gliadin; enzyme activity; temporal variation; enzyme inhibitors; serine proteinases; metalloproteinases; aspartic proteinases; thiols; cathepsins; endosperm; gibberellic acid; abscisic acid
Abstract:
... The pattern of endoproteolytic activities occurring during wheat (Triticum aestivum, cultivar Chinese Spring) grain development was investigated. Total endoprotease activity, assayed in solution with azocasein as a substrate, increased during the early stages of grain development to reach a maximum at 15 d postanthesis that was maintained until the grain was mature. Endoprotease activity was also ...

29. Characterization of the genes encoding the cytosolic and plastidial forms of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase in wheat endosperm

Author:
Burton, R.A.; Johnson, P.E.; Beckles, D.M.; Fincher, G.B.; Jenner, H.L.; Naldrett, M.J.; Denyer, K.
Source:
Plant physiology 2002 v.130 no.3 pp. 1464-1475
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Triticum aestivum; wheat; food crops; endosperm; seed development; cytosol; plastids; plant proteins; glycosyltransferases; messenger RNA; complementary DNA; Hordeum vulgare; barley; Oryza sativa; rice; Zea mays; corn; Cicer arietinum; chickpeas; ion exchange chromatography; sequence analysis; nucleotide sequences; amino acid sequences
Abstract:
... In most species, the synthesis of ADP-glucose (Glc) by the enzyme ADP-Glc pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) occurs entirely within the plastids in all tissues so far examined. However, in the endosperm of many, if not all grasses, a second form of AGPase synthesizes ADP-Glc outside the plastid, presumably in the cytosol. In this paper, we show that in the endosperm of wheat (Triticum aestivum), the cytos ...
PubMed:
12428011
PubMed Central:
PMC166665

30. Characterization of water channels in wheat root membrane vesicles

Author:
Niemietz, C.M.; Tyerman, S.D.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.115 no.2 pp. 561-567
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Triticum aestivum; roots; cell membranes; water uptake; measurement; osmotic pressure; membrane permeability; diffusion; mercury compounds; energy balance
Abstract:
... The functional significance of water channels in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) root membranes was assessed using light scattering to measure vesicle shrinking in response to osmotic gradients rapidly imposed in a stopped flow apparatus. Vesicles were obtained from both a plasma membrane fraction and a plasma membrane-depleted endomembrane fraction including tonoplast vesicles. Osmotic water permeab ...

31. Characterization of zinc uptake, binding, and translocation in intact seedlings of bread and durum wheat cultivars

Author:
Hart, J.J.; Norvell, W.A.; Welch, R.M.; Sullivan, L.A.; Kochian, L.V.
Source:
Plant physiology 1998 v.118 no.1 pp. 219-226
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Triticum aestivum; Triticum turgidum; seedlings; roots; zinc; ion transport; measurement; temperature; calcium; cell walls; shoots; metabolism; radiolabeling; cultivars; genetic variation; translocation (plant physiology); binding sites
Abstract:
... Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var durum) cultivars exhibit lower Zn efficiency than comparable bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars. To understand the physiological mechanism(s) that confers Zn efficiency, this study used 65Zn to investigate ionic Zn2+ root uptake, binding, and translocation to shoots in seedlings of bread and durum wheat cultivars. Time-dependent Zn2+ accumulation dur ...

32. Circadian-regulated transcription of the psbD light-responsive promoter in wheat chloroplasts

Author:
Nakahira, Y.; Baba, K.; Yoneda, A.; Shiina, T.; Toyoshima, Y.
Source:
Plant physiology 1998 v.118 no.3 pp. 1079-1088
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
chloroplasts; messenger RNA; quantitative analysis; transcription (genetics); gene expression; diurnal variation; Triticum aestivum; mutants; genetic variation; circadian rhythm; promoter regions; light
Abstract:
... The level of mRNAs derived from the plastid-coded psbD light-responsive promoter (LRP) is controlled by a circadian clock(s) in wheat (Triticum aestivum). The circadian oscillations in the LRP mRNA level persisted for at least three cycles in continuous light and for one cycle in continuous dark, with maxima in subjective morning and minima in subjective early night. In vitro transcription in chlo ...
PubMed:
9808753
PubMed Central:
PMC34781

33. Cloning and Characterization of Purple Acid Phosphatase Phytases from Wheat, Barley, Maize, and Rice

Author:
Dionisio, Giuseppe; Madsen, Claus K.; Holm, Preben B.; Welinder, Karen G.; Jørgensen, Malene; Stoger, Eva; Arcalis, Elsa; Brinch-Pedersen, Henrik
Source:
Plant physiology 2011 v.156 no.3 pp. 1087-1100
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Zea mays; barley; germination; acid phosphatase; Komagataella pastoris; Hordeum vulgare; phytases; Oryza sativa; rice; wheat bran; phylogeny; corn; wheat; amino acid sequences; gene expression; Triticum aestivum; enzyme kinetics; reporter genes; enzyme activity; seed development
Abstract:
... Barley (Hordeum vulgare) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) possess significant phytase activity in the mature grains. Maize (Zea mays) and rice (Oryza sativa) possess little or virtually no preformed phytase activity in the mature grain and depend fully on de novo synthesis during germination. Here, it is demonstrated that wheat, barley, maize, and rice all possess purple acid phosphatase (PAP) genes ...
DOI:
10.1104/pp.110.164756
PubMed:
21220762
PubMed Central:
PMC3135953

34. Cold hardening of spring and winter wheat and rape results in differential effects on growth, carbon metabolism, and carbohydrate content

Author:
Hurry, V.M.; Strand, A.; Tobiaeson, M.; Gardestrom, P.; Oquist, G.
Source:
Plant physiology 1995 v.109 no.2 pp. 697-706
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
freezing; cultivars; seedling growth; interspecific variation; biosynthesis; plant nutrition; seedlings; fluorescence; carbohydrates; net assimilation rate; gas exchange; biochemical pathways; carbon; Triticum aestivum; Brassica napus; enzyme activity; chlorophyll; cold tolerance; metabolites
Abstract:
... The effect of long-term (months) exposure to low temperature (5 degrees C) on growth,photosynthesis, and carbon metabolism was studied in spring and winter cultivars of wheat (Triticum aestivum) and rape (Brassica napus). Cold-grown winter rape and winter wheat maintained higher net assimilation rates and higher in situ CO2 exchange rates than the respective cold-grown spring cultivars. In particu ...

35. Cold-regulated cereal chloroplast late embryogenesis abundant-like proteins. Molecular characterization and functional analyses

Author:
NDong, C.; Danyluk, J.; Wilson, K.E.; Pocock, T.; Huner, N.P.A.; Sarhan, F.
Source:
Plant physiology 2002 v.129 no.3 pp. 1368-1381
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
ion transport; light intensity; photoinhibition; roots; plant proteins; freezing; gene expression; Triticum aestivum; mitochondria; leaves; Arabidopsis thaliana; plant development; chromosomes; Secale cereale; amino acid sequences; rye; chromosome mapping; cold; food crops; grain crops; transgenic plants; nucleotide sequences; chemical constituents of plants; cold tolerance; chloroplasts
Abstract:
... Cold acclimation and freezing tolerance are the result of complex interaction between low temperature, light, and photosystem II (PSII) excitation pressure. Previous results have shown that expression of the Wcs19 gene is correlated with PSII excitation pressure measured in vivo as the relative reduction state of PSII. Using cDNA library screening and data mining, we have identified three differen ...
PubMed:
12114590
PubMed Central:
PMC166530

36. Comparative Analysis of Syntenic Genes in Grass Genomes Reveals Accelerated Rates of Gene Structure and Coding Sequence Evolution in Polyploid Wheat

Author:
Eduard D. Akhunov; Sunish Sehgal; Hanquan Liang; Shichen Wang; Alina R. Akhunova; Gaganpreet Kaur; Wanlong Li; Kerrie L. Forrest; Deven See; Hana Šimková; Yaqin Ma; Matthew J. Hayden; Mingcheng Luo; Justin D. Faris; Jaroslav Doležel; Bikram S. Gill
Source:
Plant physiology 2013 v.161 no.1 pp. 252-265
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
stop codon; grasses; alternative splicing; frameshift mutation; evolution; wheat; polyploidy; Brachypodium; Triticum aestivum
Abstract:
... Cycles of whole-genome duplication (WGD) and diploidization are hallmarks of eukaryotic genome evolution and speciation. Polyploid wheat (Triticum aestivum) has had a massive increase in genome size largely due to recent WGDs. How these processes may impact the dynamics of gene evolution was studied by comparing the patterns of gene structure changes, alternative splicing (AS), and codon substitut ...
Handle:
10113/57875
DOI:
10.1104/pp.112.205161
PubMed:
23124323
PubMed Central:
PMC3532256

37. A Comparative Genomics Strategy for Targeted Discovery of Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms and Conserved-Noncoding Sequences in Orphan Crops

Author:
Feltus, F.A.; Singh, H.P.; Lohithaswa, H.C.; Schulze, S.R.; Silva, T.D.; Paterson, A.H.
Source:
Plant physiology 2006 v.140 no.4 pp. 1183-1191
ISSN:
1532-2548
Subject:
rice; sequence alignment; millets; Oryza sativa; Cynodon dactylon; wheat; barley; Cynodon transvaalensis; Hordeum vulgare; Eragrostis tef; Triticum aestivum; introns; Zea mays; evolution; conserved sequences; corn; Pennisetum glaucum; single nucleotide polymorphism; plant genetics; grain sorghum; expressed sequence tags; genomics; Sorghum bicolor; genetic variation
Abstract:
... Completed genome sequences provide templates for the design of genome analysis tools in orphan species lacking sequence information. To demonstrate this principle, we designed 384 PCR primer pairs to conserved exonic regions flanking introns, using Sorghum/Pennisetum expressed sequence tag alignments to the Oryza genome. Conserved-intron scanning primers (CISPs) amplified single-copy loci at 37% t ...
DOI:
10.1104/pp.105.074203
PubMed:
16607031
PubMed Central:
PMC1435799

38. Comparison of starch-branching enzyme genes reveals evolutionary relationships among isoforms. Characterization of a gene for starch-branching enzyme IIa from the wheat D genome donor aegilops tauschii. [Erratum: May 2001, v. 126 (1), p. 463.]

Author:
Rahman, S.; Regina, A.; Li, Z.; Mukai, Y.; Yamamoto, M.; Kosar-Hashemi, B.; Abrahams, S.; Morell, M.K.
Source:
Plant physiology 2001 v.125 no.3 pp. 1314-1324
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Triticum aestivum; Aegilops; endosperm; amylopectin; branching; enzymes; genes; complementary DNA; amino acid sequences; chromosome mapping; evolution; genomics
Abstract:
... Genes and cDNAs for starch-branching enzyme II (SBEII) have been isolated from libraries constructed from Aegilops tauschii and wheat (Triticum aestivum) endosperm, respectively. One class of genes has been termed wSBEII-DA1 and encodes the N terminus reported for an SBEII from wheat endosperm. On the basis of phylogenetic comparisons with other branching enzyme sequences, wSBEII-DA1 is considered ...

39. Comparison of the ability of partially N-acetylated chitosan and chitooligosaccharides to elicit resistance reactions in wheat leaves

Author:
Vander, P.; Varum, K.M.; Domard, A.; El-Gueddari, N.E.; Moerschbacher, B.M.
Source:
Plant physiology 1998 v.118 no.4 pp. 1353-1359
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Triticum aestivum; leaves; plant pathogenic fungi; pathogenicity; disease resistance; chitosan; dose response; oligosaccharides; lignin; biosynthesis; polymerization
Abstract:
... Chitin, a linear polysaccharide composed of (1 leads to 4)-linked 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose (GlcNAc) residues, and chitosan, the fully or partially N-acetylated, water-soluble derivative of chitin composed of (1 leads to 4)-linked GlcNAc and 2-amino-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose (GlcN), have been proposed as elicitors of defense reactions in higher plants. We tested and compared the ...

40. Complementation of surgary-1 phenotype in rice endosperm with the wheat Isoamylase1 gene supports a direct role for isoamylase1 in amylopectin biosynthesis

Author:
Kubo, A.; Rahman, S.; Utsumi, Y.; Li, Z.; Mukai, Y.; Yamamoto, M.; Ugaki, M.; Harada, K.; Satoh, H.; Konik-Rose, C.
Source:
Plant physiology 2005 v.137 no.1 pp. 43-56
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
rice; Oryza sativa; glycogen; wheat; plant proteins; amylopectin; Triticum aestivum; phenotypic variation; amino acid sequences; isozymes; isoamylase; starch granules; grain crops; Aegilops tauschii; transgenes; biosynthesis; transgenic plants; endosperm; genetic complementation; nucleotide sequences; plant morphology
Abstract:
... To examine the role of isoamylase1 (ISA1) in amylopectin biosynthesis in plants, a genomic DNA fragment from Aegilops tauschii was introduced into the ISA1-deficient rice (Oryza sativa) sugary-1 mutant line EM914, in which endosperm starch is completely replaced by phytoglycogen. A. tauschii is the D genome donor of wheat (Triticum aestivum), and the introduced fragment effectively included the ge ...
DOI:
10.1104/pp.104.051359
PubMed:
15618430
PubMed Central:
PMC548837

41. Components of the Arabidopsis C-repeat/dehydration-responsive element binding factor cold-response pathway are conserved in Brassica napus and other plant species

Author:
Jaglo, K.R.; Kleff, S.; Amundsen, K.L.; Zhang, X.; Haake, V.; Zhang, J.Z.; Deits, T.; Thomashow, M.F.
Source:
Plant physiology 2001 v.127 no.3 pp. 910-917
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
RNA; acclimation; genes; Brassica napus; gene expression; Triticum aestivum; leaves; transcription factors; Arabidopsis; quantitative analysis; Secale cereale; amino acid sequences; temperature; Solanum lycopersicum var. lycopersicum; genetic transformation; plant breeding; protein synthesis; regulatory sequences; transgenic plants; stress response; protein content; cold tolerance
Abstract:
... Many plants increase in freezing tolerance in response to low, nonfreezing temperatures, a phenomenon known as cold acclimation. Cold acclimation in Arabidopsis involves rapid cold-induced expression of the C-repeat/dehydration-responsive element binding factor (CBF) transcriptional activators followed by expression of CBF-targeted genes that increase freezing tolerance. Here, we present evidence ...
DOI:
10.1104/pp.010548
PubMed:
11706173
PubMed Central:
PMC129262

42. Constitutively elevated levels of putrescine and putrescine-generating enzymes correlated with oxidant stress resistance in Conyza bonariensis and wheat

Author:
Ye, B.; Muller, H.H.; Zhang, J.; Gressel, J.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.115 no.4 pp. 1443-1451
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
biosynthesis; quantitative analysis; ornithine decarboxylase; chemical constituents of plants; arginine; stress response; genetic variation; putrescine; Triticum aestivum; paraquat; oxidation; genotype; herbicide resistance; enzyme activity; Conyza bonariensis; defense mechanisms
Abstract:
... Oxidant stress resistance in Conyza bonariensis and wheat (Triticum aestivum) has been correlated with high levels of antioxidant enzyme activities. Additionally, external oxidant stresses can increase a plant's levels of the enzymes of polyamine biosynthesis and polyamines, especially putrescine. We investigated the constitutive relationships between putrescine, putrescine-generating enzymes, and ...

43. Control of Abscisic Acid Catabolism and Abscisic Acid Homeostasis Is Important for Reproductive Stage Stress Tolerance in Cereals

Author:
Ji, Xuemei; Dong, Baodi; Shiran, Behrouz; Talbot, Mark J.; Edlington, Jane E.; Hughes, Trijntje; White, Rosemary G.; Gubler, Frank; Dolferus, Rudy
Source:
Plant physiology 2011 v.156 no.2 pp. 647-662
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
rice; biosynthesis; vascular bundles; cell walls; Oryza sativa; wheat; drought; water stress; gene expression; Triticum aestivum; genes; homeostasis; abscisic acid; pollen; cold tolerance; stress tolerance
Abstract:
... Drought stress at the reproductive stage causes pollen sterility and grain loss in wheat (Triticum aestivum). Drought stress induces abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis genes in anthers and ABA accumulation in spikes of drought-sensitive wheat varieties. In contrast, drought-tolerant wheat accumulates lower ABA levels, which correlates with lower ABA biosynthesis and higher ABA catabolic gene express ...
DOI:
10.1104/pp.111.176164
PubMed:
21502188
PubMed Central:
PMC3177265

44. Cytochrome P-450-dependent hydroxylation of lauric acid at the subterminal position and oxidation of unsaturated analogs in wheat microsomes

Author:
Zimmerlin, A.; Salaun, J.P.; Durst, F.; Mioskowski, C.
Source:
Plant physiology 1992 v.100 no.2 pp. 868-873
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
dodecanoic acid; unsaturated fatty acids; NADP (coenzyme); microsomes; oxidoreductases; cytochrome P-450; Triticum aestivum; oxidation
Abstract:
... Microsomes from etiolated wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv Etoile de Choisy) shoots catalyzed the reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-dependent hydroxylation of lauric acid predominantly at the subterminal or (omega-1) position (65%). Minor amounts of 10-hydroxy- (31%) and 9-hydroxylaurate (4%) were also formed. The reaction was catalyzed by cytochrome P-450, since enzyme activity wa ...
DOI:
10.1104/pp.100.2.868
PubMed:
16653069

45. Cytokinins in tobacco and wheat chloroplasts. Occurrence and change due to light/dark treatment

Author:
Benkova, E.; Witters, E.; Dongen, W. van.; Kolar, J.; Motyka, V.; Brzobohaty, B.; Onckelen, H.A. van.; Machackova, I.
Source:
Plant physiology 1999 v.121 no.1 pp. 245-251
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Nicotiana tabacum; Triticum aestivum; chloroplasts; light; photoperiod; chemical composition; quantitative analysis; leaves; metabolism; enzyme activity; cytokinins; oxidoreductases
Abstract:
... Although cytokinins (CKs) affect a number of processes connected with chloroplasts, it has never been rigorously proven that chloroplasts contain CKs. We isolated intact chloroplasts from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cvSR1) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv Ritmo) leaves and determined their CKs by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectroscopy. Chloroplasts from both species contained a whole s ...

46. Detection of Ca2+-dependent transglutaminase activity in root and leaf tissue of monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants

Author:
Lilley, G.R.; Skill, J.; Griffin, M.; Bonner, P.L.R.
Source:
Plant physiology 1998 v.117 no.3 pp. 1115-1123
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
protein composition; Hordeum vulgare; glutaminase; proteolysis; peptides; Phaseolus vulgaris; metabolites; Triticum aestivum; Pisum sativum; enzyme activity; roots; leaves; shoots
Abstract:
... Protein extracted from root and leaf tissue of the dicotyledonous plants pea (Pisum sativum) and broad bean (Vicia faba) and the monocotyledonous plants wheat (Triticum aestivum) and barley (Hordeum vulgare) were shown to catalyze the incorporation of biotin-labeled cadaverine into microtiter-plate-bound N',N'-dimethylcasein and the cross-linking of biotin-labeled casein to microtiter-plate-bound ...

47. Development of a Novel Aluminum Tolerance Phenotyping Platform Used for Comparisons of Cereal Aluminum Tolerance and Investigations into Rice Aluminum Tolerance Mechanisms

Author:
Famoso, Adam N.; Clark, Randy T.; Shaff, Jon E.; Craft, Eric; McCouch, Susan R.; Kochian, Leon V.
Source:
Plant physiology 2010 v.153 no.4 pp. 1678-1691
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Oryza sativa; Sorghum bicolor; Triticum aestivum; Zea mays; aluminum; computer software; corn; exudation; genes; genotype; grain crops; organic acids and salts; quantitative analysis; rice; root systems; root tips; wheat
Abstract:
... The genetic and physiological mechanisms of aluminum (Al) tolerance have been well studied in certain cereal crops, and Al tolerance genes have been identified in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and wheat (Triticum aestivum). Rice (Oryza sativa) has been reported to be highly Al tolerant; however, a direct comparison of rice and other cereals has not been reported, and the mechanisms of rice Al toleranc ...
DOI:
10.1104/pp.110.156794
PubMed:
20538888
PubMed Central:
PMC2923895

48. Development of a virus-induced gene-silencing system for hexaploid wheat and its use in functional analysis of the Lr21-mediated leaf rust resistance pathway

Author:
Scofield, S.R.; Huang, L.; Brandt, A.S.; Gill, B.S.
Source:
Plant physiology 2005 v.138 no.4 pp. 2165-2173
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Triticum aestivum; wheat; hexaploidy; Hordeum vulgare; barley; messenger RNA; gene silencing; plant genetics; rust diseases; disease resistance; resistance mechanisms; Barley stripe mosaic virus; genetic vectors; Puccinia recondita; plant pathogenic fungi; nucleotide sequences
Abstract:
... Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) is an important tool for the analysis of gene function in plants. In VIGS, viruses engineered to carry sequences derived from plant gene transcripts activate the host's sequence-specific RNA degradation system. This mechanism targets the RNAs of the viral genome for degradation, and as the virus contains transcribed plant sequence, homologous host mRNAs are also ...
Handle:
10113/7280
DOI:
10.1104/pp.105.061861
PubMed:
16024691
PubMed Central:
PMC1183404

49. Development, characterization, and application of a cadmium-selective microelectrode for the measurement of cadmium fluxed in roots of Thlaspi species and wheat

Author:
Pineros, M.A.; Shaff, J.E.; Kochian, L.V.
Source:
Plant physiology 1998 v.116 no.4 pp. 1393-1401
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
mathematical models; Noccaea caerulescens; zinc; calcium; equations; ion transport; electrodes; cadmium; magnesium; cytoplasm; Triticum aestivum; Thlaspi arvense; potassium; pH; measurement; roots
Abstract:
... A Cd2+-selective vibrating microelectrode was constructed using a neutral carrier-based Cd ionophore to investigate ion-transport processes along the roots of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and two species of Thlaspi, one a Zn/Cd hyperaccumulator and the other a related nonaccumulator. In simple Cd(NO3)2 solutions, the electrode exhibited a Nernstian response in solutions with Cd2+ activities as low ...

50. Differential Molecular Responses of Rice and Wheat Coleoptiles to Anoxia Reveal Novel Metabolic Adaptations in Amino Acid Metabolism for Tissue Tolerance

Author:
Shingaki-Wells, Rachel N.; Huang, Shaobai; Taylor, Nicolas L.; Carroll, Adam J.; Zhou, Wenxu; Millar, A. Harvey
Source:
Plant physiology 2011 v.156 no.4 pp. 1706-1724
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
coleoptiles; protein synthesis; biosynthesis; rice; enzymes; Oryza sativa; seedlings; starch crops; alanine; wheat; Triticum aestivum; hypoxia; rice protein; amino acid metabolism; roots; antioxidants
Abstract:
... Rice (Oryza sativa) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) are the most important starch crops in world agriculture. While both germinate with an anatomically similar coleoptile, this tissue defines the early anoxia tolerance of rice and the anoxia intolerance of wheat seedlings. We combined protein and metabolite profiling analysis to compare the differences in response to anoxia between the rice and whea ...
DOI:
10.1104/pp.111.175570
PubMed:
21622811
PubMed Central:
PMC3149938

51. Differential expression and properties of starch branching enzyme isoforms in developing wheat endosperm

Author:
Morell, M.K.; Blennow, A.; Kosar-Hashemi, B.; Samuel, M.S.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.113 no.1 pp. 201-208
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
hexosyltransferases; cultivars; Zea mays; biosynthesis; Oryza sativa; developmental stages; genetic variation; starch; endosperm; Triticum aestivum; nucleotide sequences; phosphates; kinetics; phosphorylation; enzyme activity; isozymes; seed development; Australia
Abstract:
... Three forms of starch branching enzyme (BE) from developing hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum) endosperm have been partially purified and characterized. Immunological cross-reactivities indicate that two forms (WBE-IAD, 88 kD, and WBE-IB, 87 kD) are related to the maize BE I class and that WBE-II (88 kD) is related to maize BE II. Comparison of the N-terminal sequences from WBE-IAD and WBE-II wit ...
PubMed:
9008395
PubMed Central:
PMC158131

52. Differential induction of lipoxygenase isoforms in wheat upon treatment with rust fungus elicitor, chitin oligosaccharides, chitosan, and methyl jasmonate

Author:
Bohland, C.; Balkenhohl, T.; Loers, G.; Feussner, I.; Grambow, H.J.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.114 no.2 pp. 679-685
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
protein synthesis; dose response; chitosan; seedlings; jasmonic acid; linoleate 13S-lipoxygenase; Puccinia graminis; Triticum aestivum; leaves; plant pathogenic fungi; oligosaccharides; chitin; enzyme activity; isozymes; protein composition
Abstract:
... A glycopeptide elicitor prepared from germ tubes of the rust fungus Puccinia graminis Pers. f. sp. tritici Erikss. & Henn (Pgt),as well as chitin oligosaccharides, chitosan, and methyl jasmonate (MJ) stimulated lipoxygenase (LOX) activity (E.C. 1.13.11.12) in wheat (Triticum aestivum) leaves. Immunoblot analysis using anti-LOX antibodies revealed the induction of 92- and 103-kD LOX species after P ...

53. Differential solute regulation in leaf blades of various ages in salt-sensitive wheat and a salt-tolerant wheat X lophopyrum elongatum (Host) A. Love amphiploid

Author:
Colmer, T.D.; Epstein, E.; Dvorak, J.
Source:
Plant physiology 1995 v.108 no.4 pp. 1715-1724
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
seedlings; osmotic pressure; spatial distribution; sap; betaine; allopolyploidy; intergeneric hybridization; glucose; proline; solutes; Triticum aestivum; sodium; leaves; plant nutrition; sucrose; potassium; Thinopyrum elongatum; sodium chloride; water content; salt tolerance; asparagine; salinity; osmoregulation
Abstract:
... Leaf blades of different ages from a salt-tolerant wheat X Lophopyrum elongatum (Host) A. Love (syn. Agropyron elongatum Host) amphiploid and its salt-sensitive wheat parent (Triticum aestivum L. cv Chinese Spring) were compared for their ionic relations, organic solute accumulation, and sap osmotic potential. The plants were grown for 18 d in nonsaline (1.25 mM Na+) and salinized (200 mM NaCl) nu ...

54. Direct evaluation of the Ca2+-displacement hypothesis for Al toxicity

Author:
Ryan, P.R.; Reid, R.J.; Smith, F.A.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.113 no.4 pp. 1351-1357
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
calcium chloride; phytotoxicity; magnesium chloride; strontium; Triticum aestivum; aluminum; sodium chloride; binding sites; roots
Abstract:
... One explanation for Al toxicity in plants suggests that Al displaces Ca2+ from critical sites in the apoplasm. We evaluated the Ca2+-displacement hypothesis directly using near-isogenic lines of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) that differ in Al tolerance at a single locus. We measured both the growth and total accumulation (apoplasmic plus symplasmic) of 45Ca and Al into roots that had been exposed t ...

55. Discrete Developmental Roles for Temperate Cereal Grass VERNALIZATION1/FRUITFULL-Like Genes in Flowering Competency and the Transition to Flowering

Author:
Preston, Jill C.; Kellogg, Elizabeth A.
Source:
Plant physiology 2008 v.146 no.1 pp. 265-276
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Avena sativa; Hordeum vulgare; Triticum aestivum; Triticum monococcum; barley; cultivars; flowering; gene induction; genes; grasses; growth habit; leaves; meristems; oats; spring; temperate zones; vernalization; winter wheat
Abstract:
... Members of the grass subfamily Pooideae are characterized by their adaptation to cool temperate climates. Vernalization is the process whereby flowering is accelerated in response to a prolonged period of cold. Winter cereals are tolerant of low temperatures and flower earlier with vernalization, whereas spring cultivars are intolerant of low temperatures and flower later with vernalization. In th ...
DOI:
10.1104/pp.107.109561
PubMed:
18024551
PubMed Central:
PMC2230560

56. Dispersed Benzoxazinone Gene Cluster: Molecular Characterization and Chromosomal Localization of Glucosyltransferase and Glucosidase Genes in Wheat and Rye

Author:
Masayuki Sue; Chihiro Nakamura; Taiji Nomura
Source:
Plant physiology 2011 v.157 no.3 pp. 985-997
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Hordeum vulgare; Secale cereale; Triticum aestivum; Zea mays; amino acid sequences; barley; chromosome mapping; corn; loci; multigene family; phylogeny; rye; secondary metabolites; wheat
Abstract:
... Benzoxazinones (Bxs) are major defensive secondary metabolites in wheat (Triticum aestivum), rye (Secale cereale), and maize (Zea mays). Here, we identified full sets of homeologous and paralogous genes encoding Bx glucosyltransferase (GT) and Bx-glucoside glucosidase (Glu) in hexaploid wheat (2n = 6x = 42; AABBDD). Four GT loci (TaGTa–TaGTd) were mapped on chromosomes 7A, 7B (two loci), and 7D, w ...
DOI:
10.1104/pp.111.182378
PubMed:
21875895
PubMed Central:
PMC3252142

57. Distinct patterns of expression but similar biochemical properties of protein L-isoaspartyl methyltransferase in higher plants

Author:
Thapar, N.; Kim, A.K.; Clarke, S.
Source:
Plant physiology 2001 v.125 no.2 pp. 1023-1035
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Arabidopsis thaliana; seed germination; osmosis; Zea mays; interspecific variation; seeds; salinity; Oryza sativa; seedlings; Daucus carota; water stress; gene expression; histochemistry; Triticum aestivum; abscisic acid; enzyme activity; transferases; leaves
Abstract:
... Protein L-isoaspartyl methyltransferase is a widely distributed repair enzyme that initiates the conversion of abnormal L-isoaspartyl residues to their normal L-aspartyl forms. Here we show that this activity is expressed in developing corn (Zea mays) and carrot (Daucus carota var. Danvers Half Long) plants in patterns distinct from those previously seen in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum cv Augus ...
PubMed:
11161058
PubMed Central:
PMC64902

58. Distinctive responses of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase and carbonic anhydrase in wheat leaves to nitrogen nutrition and their possible relationships to CO2-transfer resistance

Author:
Makino, A.; Sakashita, H.; Hidema, J.; Mae, T.; Ojima, K.; Osmond, B.
Source:
Plant physiology 1992 v.100 no.4 pp. 1737-1743
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Triticum aestivum; Oryza sativa; Spinacia oleracea; Phaseolus vulgaris; Pisum sativum; ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase; carbonate dehydratase; enzyme activity; leaves; nitrogen content; chlorophyll; nitrogen; nutrient availability; gas exchange; carbon dioxide; photosynthesis; electron transfer; water vapor
Abstract:
... The amounts of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco), total chlorophyll (Chl), and total leaf nitrogen were measured in fully expanded, young leaves of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), rice (Oryza sativa L.), spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.), bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), and pea (Pisum sativum L.). In addition, the activities of whole-chain electron transport and carbonic anhydrase ...
DOI:
10.1104/pp.100.4.1737
PubMed:
16653191

59. A Diurnal Component to the Variation in Sieve Tube Amino Acid Content in Wheat

Author:
Gattolin, Stefano; Newbury, H. John; Bale, Jeffrey S.; Tseng, Hua-Ming; Barrett, David A.; Pritchard, Jeremy
Source:
Plant physiology 2008 v.147 no.2 pp. 912-921
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Aphidoidea; Triticum aestivum; amino acid composition; arginine; asparagine; capillary electrophoresis; diurnal variation; exudation; fluorescence; glutamine; histidine; isoleucine; leucine; lysine; phenylalanine; proline; regression analysis; sap; sieve tubes; stylets; tyrosine; valine; wheat
Abstract:
... We have used high-sensitivity capillary electrophoresis coupled to a laser-induced fluorescence detection method to quantify 16 amino acids in wheat (Triticum aestivum) sieve tube (ST) samples as small as 2 nL collected by severing the stylets of feeding aphids. The sensitivity of the method was sufficient to determine a quantitative amino acid profile of individual STs without the need to bulk sa ...
DOI:
10.1104/pp.108.116079
PubMed:
18417638
PubMed Central:
PMC2409022

60. Diversity of Acetyl-Coenzyme A Carboxylase Mutations in Resistant Lolium Populations: Evaluation Using Clethodim

Author:
Yu, Qin; Collavo, Alberto; Zheng, Ming-Qi; Owen, Mechelle; Sattin, Maurizio; Powles, Stephen B.
Source:
Plant physiology 2007 v.145 no.2 pp. 547-558
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Lolium rigidum; Triticum aestivum; acetyl-CoA carboxylase; alleles; clethodim; crops; cross pollination; cross resistance; diclofop; fluazifop; genetic variation; genotype; haloxyfop; herbicide resistance; mutation; sethoxydim; weed control; wheat; Australia
Abstract:
... The acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase)-inhibiting cyclohexanedione herbicide clethodim is used to control grass weeds infesting dicot crops. In Australia clethodim is widely used to control the weed Lolium rigidum. However, clethodim-resistant Lolium populations have appeared over the last 5 years and now are present in many populations across the western Australian wheat (Triticum aestivum) b ...
DOI:
10.1104/pp.107.105262
PubMed:
17720757
PubMed Central:
PMC2048730

61. Does a low nitrogen supply necessarily lead to acclimation of photosynthesis to elevated CO2

Author:
Farage, P.K.; McKee, I.F.; Long, S.P.
Source:
Plant physiology 1998 v.118 no.2 pp. 573-580
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
sowing date; acclimation; sand; measurement; carbon dioxide; nitrogen content; hydroponics; Triticum aestivum; phosphates; photosynthesis; leaves; trioses; nutrient deficiencies; net assimilation rate; temperature; enzyme activity; ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase; nitrogen; growing media; chemical constituents of plants
Abstract:
... Long-term exposure of plants to elevated partial pressures of CO2 (pCO2) often depresses photosynthetic capacity. The mechanistic basis for this photosynthetic acclimation may involve accumulation of carbohydrate and may be promoted by nutrient limitation. However, our current knowledge is inadequate for making reliable predictions concerning the onset and extent of acclimation. Many studies have ...

62. Does leaf position within a canopy affect acclimation of photosynthesis to elevated CO2?

Author:
Osborne, C.P.; LaRoche, J.; Garcia, R.L.; Kimball, B.A.; Wall, G.W.; Pinter, P.J. Jr.; LaMorte, R.L.; Hendrey, G.R.; Long, S.P.
Source:
Plant physiology 1998 v.117 no.3 pp. 1037-1045
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Triticum aestivum; leaves; photosynthesis; net assimilation rate; acclimation; canopy; leaf angle; diurnal variation; carbon dioxide; Arizona
Abstract:
... Previous studies of photosynthetic acclimation to elevated CO2 have focused on the most recently expanded, sunlit leaves in the canopy. We examined acclimation in a vertical profile of leaves through a canopy of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The crop was grown at an elevated CO2 partial pressure of 55 Pa within a replicated field experiment using free-air CO2 enrichment. Gas exchange was used to e ...

63. Dominant and Pleiotropic Effects of a GAI Gene in Wheat Results from a Lack of Interaction between DELLA and GID1

Author:
Jing Wu; Xiuying Kong; Jianmin Wan; Xueying Liu; Xin Zhang; Xiuping Guo; Ronghua Zhou; Guangyao Zhao; Ruilian Jing; Xiangdong Fu; Jizeng Jia
Source:
Plant physiology 2011 v.157 no.4 pp. 2120-2130
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Mendelian inheritance; Triticum aestivum; alleles; dominant genes; molecular cloning; plant development; proteins; retrotransposons; rice; terminal repeat sequences; wheat
Abstract:
... Dominance, semidominance, and recessiveness are important modes of Mendelian inheritance. The phytohormone gibberellin (GA) regulates many plant growth and developmental processes. The previously cloned semidominant GA-insensitive (GAI) genes Reduced height1 (Rht1) and Rht2 in wheat (Triticum aestivum) were the basis of the Green Revolution. However, no completely dominant GAI gene has been cloned ...
DOI:
10.1104/pp.111.185272
PubMed:
22010107
PubMed Central:
PMC3327208

64. Down-Regulation of the CSLF6 Gene Results in Decreased (1,3;1,4)-β-D-Glucan in Endosperm of Wheat

Author:
Nemeth, Csilla; Freeman, Jackie; Jones, Huw D.; Sparks, Caroline; Pellny, Till K.; Wilkinson, Mark D.; Dunwell, Jim; Andersson, Annica A.M.; Åman, Per; Guillon, Fabienne; Saulnier, Luc; Mitchell, Rowan A.C.; Shewry, Peter R.
Source:
Plant physiology 2010 v.152 no.3 pp. 1209-1218
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
1,3-beta-glucan synthase; RNA interference; Triticum aestivum; aleurone layer; beta-glucans; cell walls; cellulose; dietary fiber; endosperm; flour; fruits; gene expression; transgenes; transgenic plants; wheat; wheat starch
Abstract:
... (1,3;1,4)-β-D-Glucan (β-glucan) accounts for 20% of the total cell walls in the starchy endosperm of wheat (Triticum aestivum) and is an important source of dietary fiber for human nutrition with potential health benefits. Bioinformatic and array analyses of gene expression profiles in developing caryopses identified the CELLULOSE SYNTHASE-LIKE F6 (CSLF6) gene as encoding a putative β-glucan synth ...
DOI:
10.1104/pp.109.151712
PubMed:
20089768
PubMed Central:
PMC2832239

65. Effect of water stress on cell division and Cdc2-like cell cycle kinase activity in wheat leaves. [Erratum: Aug 1998, v. 117 (4), p. 1528.]

Author:
Schuppler, U.; He, P.H.; John, P.C.L.; Munns, R.
Source:
Plant physiology 1998 v.117 no.2 pp. 667-678
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
mitosis; cell growth; seedlings; stress response; water stress; tyrosine; Triticum aestivum; phosphotransferases (kinases); phosphorylation; mesophyll; enzyme activity; measurement
Abstract:
... In wheat (Triticum aestivum) seedlings subjected to a mild water stress (water potential of -0.3 MPa), the leaf-elongation rate was reduced by one-half and the mitotic activity of mesophyll cells was reduced to 42% of well-watered controls within 1 d. There was also a reduction in the length of the zone of mesophyll cell division to within 4 mm from the base compared with 8 mm in control leaves. H ...

66. Effects of water-deficit stress on photosynthesis, its components and component limitations, and on water use efficiency in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Author:
Martin, B.; Ruiz-Torres, N.A.
Source:
Plant physiology 1992 v.100 no.2 pp. 733-739
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
carbon dioxide; stomatal conductance; chemical reactions; Calvin cycle; water use efficiency; gas exchange; net assimilation rate; water stress; leaf water potential; Triticum aestivum; water vapor; leaf conductance
Abstract:
... It is of theoretical as well as practical interest to identify the components of the photosynthetic machinery that govern variability in photosynthesis rate (A) and water-use efficiency (WUE), and to define the extent by which the component processes limit A and WUE during developing water-deficit stress. For that purpose, leaf exchange of CO2 and H2O was determined in two growth-chamber-grown whe ...
DOI:
10.1104/pp.100.2.733
PubMed:
16653053

67. Electrical potentials of plant cell walls in resonse to the ionic environment

Author:
Shomer, I.; Novacky, A.J.; Pike, S.M.; Yermiyahu, U.; Kinraide, T.B.
Source:
Plant physiology 2003 v.133 no.1 pp. 411-422
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Solanum tuberosum; potatoes; vegetable crops; Triticum aestivum; wheat; grain crops; cell walls; electrostatic interactions; electrophysiology; ions; models; potentiometers; electrophoresis; electrodes
Abstract:
... Electrical potentials in cell walls (psi(Wall)) and at plasma membrane surfaces (psi(PM)) are determinants of ion activities in these phases. The psi(PM) plays a demonstrated role in ion uptake and intoxication, but a comprehensive electrostatic theory of plant-ion interactions will require further understanding of psi(Wall). Psi(Wall) from potato (Solanum tuberosum) tubers and wheat (Triticum aes ...
Handle:
10113/14416
DOI:
10.1104/pp.103.024539
PubMed:
12970506
PubMed Central:
PMC196617

68. Enhancement of Na+ uptake currents, time-dependent inward-rectifying K+ channel currents, and K+ channel transcripts by K+ starvation in wheat root cells

Author:
Buschmann, P.H.; Vaidyanathan, R.; Gassmann, W.; Schroeder, J.I.
Source:
Plant physiology 2000 v.122 no.4 pp. 1387-1397
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Triticum aestivum; roots; cortex; sodium; cations; ion transport; potassium; messenger RNA; nutrient availability; nutrient deficiencies; salt tolerance; electrophysiology; amino acid sequences; cyclic AMP; plant proteins; plasma membrane
Abstract:
... Excessive low-affinity Na+ uptake is toxic to the growth of glycophytic plants. Recently, several reports have suggested that the interaction between K+ and Na+ uptake might represent a key factor in determining the Na+ tolerance of plants. We investigated the effects of K+ starvation on Na+ and K+ uptake mechanisms in the plasma membrane of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) root cortex cells using the ...
PubMed:
10759535
PubMed Central:
PMC58974

69. Estimating the excess investment in ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase in leaves of spring wheat grown under elevated CO2

Author:
Threobald, J.C.; Mitchell, R.A.C.; Parry, M.A.J.; Lawlor, D.W.
Source:
Plant physiology 1998 v.118 no.3 pp. 945-955
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Triticum aestivum; leaves; photosynthesis; ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase; enzyme activity; measurement; carboxylation; net assimilation rate; light; nitrogen content; mathematical models; equations; carbon dioxide
Abstract:
... Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was grown under CO2 partial pressures of 36 and 70 Pa with two N-application regimes. Responses of photosynthesis to varying CO2 partial pressure were fitted to estimate the maximal carboxylation rate and the nonphotorespiratory respiration rate in flag and preceding leaves. The maximal carboxylation rate was proportional to ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygen ...

70. Evidence for Variation in the Optimal Translation Initiation Complex: Plant eIF4B, eIF4F, and eIF(iso)4F Differentially Promote Translation of mRNAs

Author:
Mayberry, Laura K.; Allen, M. Leah; Dennis, Michael D.; Browning, Karen S.
Source:
Plant physiology 2009 v.150 no.4 pp. 1844-1854
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Alfalfa mosaic virus; Arabidopsis thaliana; Avena sativa; Hordeum vulgare; Tobacco necrosis virus; Triticum aestivum; Zea mays; alcohol dehydrogenase; barley; binding proteins; corn; globulins; heat shock proteins; light scattering; messenger RNA; oats; rabbits; ribosomal RNA; wheat; wheat germ
Abstract:
... Eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 4B is known to interact with multiple initiation factors, mRNA, rRNA, and poly(A) binding protein (PABP). To gain a better understanding of the function of eIF4B, the two isoforms from Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) were expressed and analyzed using biophysical and biochemical methods. Plant eIF4B was found by ultracentrifugation and light scattering analysis ...
DOI:
10.1104/pp.109.138438
PubMed:
19493973

71. Evidence for the contribution of the Mehler-peroxidase reaction in dissipating excess electrons in drought-stressed wheat

Author:
Biehler, K.; Fock, H.
Source:
Plant physiology 1996 v.112 no.1 pp. 265-272
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Triticum aestivum; water stress; drought; leaves; oxygen; photorespiration; glycolic acid; photosystem II; carbon dioxide; peroxidase; biochemical pathways; electron transfer
Abstract:
... Gross O2 evolution and uptake by attached, drought-stressed leaves of wheat (Triticum aestivum) were measured using a 16O2/18O2 isotope technique and mass spectrometry. The activity of photosystem II, determined from the rate of 16O2 evolution, is only slightly affected under drought conditions. During drought stress, net CO2 uptake decreases due to stomatal closure, whereas the uptake of 18O2 is ...

72. Evolution and function of the sucrose-phosphate synthase gene families in wheat and other grasses

Author:
Castleden, C.K.; Aoki, N.; Gillespie, V.J.; MacRae, E.A.; Quick, W.P.; Buchner, P.; Foyer, C.H.; Furbank, R.T.; Lunn, J.E.
Source:
Plant physiology 2004 v.135 no.3 pp. 1753-1764
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
sucrose-phosphate synthase; rice; Zea mays; Aegilops tauschii; evolution; Oryza sativa; wheat; corn; Triticum aestivum; Triticum turgidum subsp. durum; nucleotide sequences; gene expression regulation; plant proteins
Abstract:
... Suc-phosphate synthase (SPS) is a key regulatory enzyme in the pathway of Suc biosynthesis and has been linked to quantitative trait loci controlling plant growth and yield. In dicotyledonous plants there are three SPS gene families: A, B, and C. Here we report the finding of five families of SPS genes in wheat (Triticum aestivum) and other monocotyledonous plants from the family Poaceae (grasses) ...
DOI:
10.1104/pp.104.042457
PubMed:
15247374
PubMed Central:
PMC519087

73. Expressed sequence tag-based gene expression analysis under aluminum stress in rye

Author:
Rodriguez Milla, M.A.; Butler, E.; Rodriguez Huete, A.; Wilson, C.F.; Anderson, O.; Gustafson, J.P.
Source:
Plant physiology 2002 v.130 no.4 pp. 1706-1716
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
cell growth; ascorbate peroxidase; wheat; siderophores; metal tolerance; roots; oxidative stress; rye protein; iron; cell division; gene expression; Triticum aestivum; homeostasis; gene expression regulation; plant development; messenger RNA; NADP-glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase; complementary DNA; Secale cereale; rye; Northern blotting; food crops; plant stress; grain crops; stress response; expressed sequence tags; glutathione peroxidase; aluminum; chemical constituents of plants
Abstract:
... To understand the mechanisms responsible for aluminum (Al) toxicity and tolerance in plants, an expressed sequence tag (EST) approach was used to analyze changes in gene expression in roots of rye (Secale cereale L. cv Blanco) under Al stress. Two cDNA libraries were constructed (Al stressed and unstressed), and a total of 1,194 and 774 ESTs were generated, respectively. The putative proteins enco ...
PubMed:
12481053
PubMed Central:
PMC166685

74. Expression Profile of Two Storage-Protein Gene Families in Hexaploid Wheat Revealed by Large-Scale Analysis of Expressed Sequence Tags

Author:
Kawaura, Kanako; Mochida, Keiichi; Ogihara, Yasunari
Source:
Plant physiology 2005 v.139 no.4 pp. 1870-1880
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
plant genetics; genetic polymorphism; gliadin; gene expression regulation; wheat; expressed sequence tags; chromosome mapping; Triticum aestivum; genomics; genetic variation; hexaploidy; storage proteins; seed maturation
Abstract:
... To discern expression patterns of individual storage-protein genes in hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum cv Chinese Spring), we analyzed comprehensive expressed sequence tags (ESTs) of common wheat using a bioinformatics technique. The gene families for [alpha]/[beta]-gliadins and low molecular-weight glutenin subunit were selected from the EST database. The alignment of these genes enabled us to ...
DOI:
10.1104/pp.105.070722
PubMed:
16306141
PubMed Central:
PMC1310565

75. Expression of aluminum-induced genes in transgenic arabidopsis plants can ameliorate aluminum stress and/or oxidative stress

Author:
Ezaki, B.; Gardner, R.C.; Ezaki, Y.; Matsumoto, H.
Source:
Plant physiology 2000 v.122 no.3 pp. 657-665
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
root tips; genes; metal tolerance; plant proteins; phenotype; glutathione transferase; cadmium; Nicotiana tabacum; Triticum aestivum; oxidation; sodium; peroxidase; Arabidopsis thaliana; copper; bioassays; guanosine diphosphate; zinc; phytotoxicity; transgenic plants; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; aluminum
Abstract:
... To examine the biological role of Al-stress-induced genes, nine genes derived from Arabidopsis, tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) were expressed in Arabidopsis ecotype Landsberg. Lines containing eight of these genes were phenotypically normal and were tested in root elongation assays for their sensitivity to Al, Cd, Cu, Na, Zn, and ...
PubMed:
10712528
PubMed Central:
PMC58900

76. Expression of cytosolic and plastid acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase genes in young wheat plants

Author:
Podkowinski, J.; Jelenska, J.; Sirikhachornkit, A.; Zuther, E.; Haselkorn, R.; Gornicki, P.
Source:
Plant physiology 2003 v.131 no.2 pp. 763-772
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
promoter regions; food crops; transcriptional activation; alternative splicing; phosphoglycerate kinase; 5' untranslated regions; developmental stages; polymerase chain reaction; wheat; cytosol; gene expression; plastids; Triticum aestivum; acetyl-CoA carboxylase; introns; roots; hexaploidy; leaves; plant proteins
Abstract:
... Expression of cytosolic and plastid acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase) gene familiesat the mRNA level was analyzed in developing wheat (Triticum aestivum) plants. The major plastid ACCase mRNA level is high in the middle part of the plant and low in roots and leaf blades. An alternative plastid ACCase transcript initiated at a different promoter and using an alternative 5' splice site for the ...
PubMed:
12586900
PubMed Central:
PMC166852

77. Expression of localization of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in developing and germinating wheat grains

Author:
Gonzalez, M.C.; Osuna, L.; Echevarria, C.; Vidal, J.; Cejudo, F.J.
Source:
Plant physiology 1998 v.116 no.4 pp. 1249-1258
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
seed germination; metabolism; messenger RNA; genetic code; phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase; developmental stages; physicochemical properties; aleurone layer; Triticum aestivum; enzyme activity; protein composition; seed development
Abstract:
... Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) activity and corresponding mRNA levels were investigated in developing and germinating wheat (Triticum aestivum) grains. During grain development PEPC activity increased to reach a maximum 15 d postanthesis. Western-blot experiments detected two main PEPC polypeptides with apparent molecular masses of 108 and 103 kD. The most abundant 103-kD PEPC subunit rema ...

78. Expression profiling and bioinformatic analyses of a novel stress-regulated multispanning transmembrane protein family from cereals and Arabidopsis

Author:
Breton, G.; Danyluk, J.; Charron, J.B.F.; Sarhan, F.
Source:
Plant physiology 2003 v.132 no.1 pp. 64-74
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
rice; Oryza sativa; bioinformatics; phosphatidylinositols; phosphorylation; transmembrane proteins; barley; Hordeum vulgare; tissue distribution; Triticum aestivum; plasma membrane; gene expression regulation; cereal proteins; Arabidopsis thaliana; Zea mays; corn; Secale cereale; rye; plant stress; thylakoids; oats; glycosylation; cold stress; spring wheat; binding sites; Avena sativa; light
DOI:
10.1104/pp.102.015255
PubMed:
12746512
PubMed Central:
PMC166952

79. Fatty acid biosynthesis in mitochondria of grasses: malonyl-coenzyme A is generated by a mitochondrial-localized acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase

Author:
Focke, M.; Gieringer, E.; Schwan, S.; Jansch, L.; Binder, S.; Braun, H.P.
Source:
Plant physiology 2003 v.133 no.2 pp. 875-884
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Arabidopsis thaliana; fatty acids; barley; grain crops; etioplasts; biosynthesis; Hordeum vulgare; seedlings; plant extracts; plant fats and oils; amino acid sequences; mitochondria; Triticum aestivum; biotin; acetyl-CoA carboxylase; enzyme activity; plant proteins
Abstract:
... We present biochemical evidence for the occurrence of a 250-kD multifunctional acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase in barley (Hordeum vulgare) mitochondria. Organelles from 6-d-old barley seedlings were purified by differential centrifugation and Percoll density gradient centrifugation. Upon analysis by two-dimensional Blue-native (BN)/SDS-PAGE, an abundant 250-kD protein can be visualized, which runs a ...
DOI:
10.1104/pp.103.027375
PubMed:
12972648
PubMed Central:
PMC219060

80. Fructan 1-exohydrolases. beta-(2,1)-trimmers during graminan biosynthesis in stems of wheat? Purifiction, characterization, mass mapping, and cloning of two fructan 1-exohydrolase isoforms

Author:
Ende, W. van den.; Clerens, S.; Vergauwen, R.; Riet, L. van.; Laere, A. van.; Yoshida, M.; Kawakami, A.
Source:
Plant physiology 2003 v.131 no.2 pp. 621-631
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
glycosidases; plant development; food crops; biosynthesis; stems; phylogeny; plant extracts; amino acid sequences; mass spectrometry; Triticum aestivum; levan; spectral analysis; chemical constituents of plants; winter wheat; enzyme activity; isozymes; plant proteins
Abstract:
... Graminan-type fructans are temporarily stored in wheat (Triticum aestivum) stems. Two phases can be distinguished: a phase of fructan biosynthesis (green stems) followed by a breakdown phase (stems turning yellow). So far, no plant fructan exohydrolase enzymes have been cloned from a monocotyledonous species. Here, we report on the cloning, purification, and characterization of two fructan 1-exohy ...

81. Functional Characterization of HFR1, a High-Mannose N-Glycan-Specific Wheat Lectin Induced by Hessian Fly Larvae

Author:
Subramanyam, Subhashree; Smith, David F.; Clemens, James C.; Webb, Mary A.; Sardesai, Nagesh; Williams, Christie E.
Source:
Plant physiology 2008 v.147 no.3 pp. 1412-1426
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Drosophila melanogaster; Escherichia coli; Mayetiola destructor; Triticum aestivum; bioassays; crops; diet; genes; hemagglutination; larvae; mortality; pests; pupation; recombinant proteins; searching behavior; wheat
Abstract:
... We previously cloned and characterized a novel jacalin-like lectin gene from wheat (Triticum aestivum) plants that responds to infestation by Hessian fly (Mayetiola destructor) larvae, a major dipteran pest of this crop. The infested resistant plants accumulated higher levels of Hfr-1 (for Hessian fly-responsive gene 1) transcripts compared with uninfested or susceptible plants. Here, we character ...
DOI:
10.1104/pp.108.116145
PubMed:
18467454
PubMed Central:
PMC2442546

82. Gene Content and Virtual Gene Order of Barley Chromosome 1H

Author:
Mayer, Klaus F.X.; Taudien, Stefan; Martis, Mihaela; Šimková, Hana; Suchánková, Pavla; Gundlach, Heidrun; Wicker, Thomas; Petzold, Andreas; Felder, Marius; Steuernagel, Burkhard; Scholz, Uwe; Graner, Andreas; Platzer, Matthias; Doležel, Jaroslav; Stein, Nils
Source:
Plant physiology 2009 v.151 no.2 pp. 496-505
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Hordeum vulgare; Oryza sativa; Sorghum bicolor; Triticum aestivum; barley; chromosome mapping; chromosomes; fluorescence in situ hybridization; genes; rice; sequence analysis; sorting; wheat
Abstract:
... Chromosome 1H (approximately 622 Mb) of barley (Hordeum vulgare) was isolated by flow sorting and shotgun sequenced by GSFLX pyrosequencing to 1.3-fold coverage. Fluorescence in situ hybridization and stringent sequence comparison against genetically mapped barley genes revealed 95% purity of the sorted chromosome 1H fraction. Sequence comparison against the reference genomes of rice (Oryza sativa ...
DOI:
10.1104/pp.109.142612
PubMed:
19692534
PubMed Central:
PMC2754631

83. Gene-containing regions of wheat and the other grass genomes

Author:
Sandhu, D.; Gill, K.S.
Source:
Plant physiology 2002 v.128 no.3 pp. 803-811
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
linkage (genetics); chromosome mapping; genes; Triticum aestivum; nucleotide sequences; genomics; density; genetic recombination
Abstract:
... Deletion line-based high-density physical maps revealed that the wheat (Triticum aestivum) genome is partitioned into gene-rich and -poor compartments. Available deletion lines have bracketed the gene-containing regions to about 10% of the genome. Emerging sequence data suggest that these may further be partitioned into "mini" gene-rich and gene-poor regions. An average of about 10% of each gene-r ...
DOI:
10.1104/pp.010745
PubMed:
11891237
PubMed Central:
PMC1540217

84. Genetic and Molecular Characterization of the VRN2 Loci in Tetraploid Wheat

Author:
Distelfeld, Assaf; Tranquilli, Gabriela; Li, Chengxia; Yan, Liuling; Dubcovsky, Jorge
Source:
Plant physiology 2009 v.149 no.1 pp. 245-257
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Triticum turgidum; winter wheat; proteins; Triticum monococcum; alleles; diploidy; loci; zinc; heme; arginine; models; mutation; tetraploidy; gene duplication; Triticum aestivum; genetic variation; temperature; hexaploidy; vernalization; zinc finger motif
Abstract:
... Winter wheat (Triticum spp.) varieties require long exposures to low temperatures to flower, a process called vernalization. The VRN2 locus includes two completely linked zinc finger-CCT domain genes (ZCCT1 and ZCCT2) that act as flowering repressors down-regulated during vernalization. Deletions or mutations in these two genes result in the elimination of the vernalization requirement in diploid ...
DOI:
10.1104/pp.108.129353
PubMed:
19005084
PubMed Central:
PMC2613703

85. Genetic and Physiological Architecture of Early Vigor in Aegilops tauschii, the D-Genome Donor of Hexaploid Wheat. A Quantitative Trait Loci Analysis

Author:
Steege, Margreet W. ter; Ouden, Franka M. den; Lambers, Hans; Stam, Piet; Peeters, Anton J.M.
Source:
Plant physiology 2005 v.139 no.2 pp. 1078-1094
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
quantitative trait loci; growth traits; microsatellite repeats; seedling growth; Aegilops tauschii; plant genetics; amplified fragment length polymorphism; genome; wheat; chromosome mapping; Triticum aestivum; inbred lines; linkage (genetics); phenotypic variation; hexaploidy; genetic recombination
Abstract:
... Plant growth can be studied at different organizational levels, varying from cell, leaf, and shoot to the whole plant. The early growth of seedlings is important for the plant's establishment and its eventual success. Wheat (Triticum aestivum, genome AABBDD) seedlings exhibit a low early growth rate or early vigor. The germplasm of wheat is limited. Wild relatives constitute a source of genetic va ...
DOI:
10.1104/pp.105.063263
PubMed:
16183848
PubMed Central:
PMC1256019

86. Genetic transformation of wheat mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens

Author:
Cheng, M.; Fry, J.E.; Pang, S.Z.; Zhou, H.P.; Hironaka, C.M.; Duncan, D.R.; Conner, T.W.; Wan, Y.C.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.115 no.3 pp. 971-980
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
developmental stages; neomycin; inheritance (genetics); genetic markers; callus; Agrobacterium radiobacter; explants; gene expression; Triticum aestivum; plant development; phosphotransferases (phosphomutases); enzyme activity; histochemistry; genetic transformation; gene transfer; transgenic plants; embryo (plant); rapid methods; plant morphology; genetic vectors; beta-glucuronidase
Abstract:
... A rapid Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation system for wheat was developed using freshly isolated immature embryos, precultured immature embryos, and embryogenic calli as explants. The explants were inoculated with a disarmed A. tumefaciens strain C58 (ABI) harboring the binary vector pMON18365 containing the beta-glucuronidase gene with an intron, and a selectable marker, the neomyc ...

87. Germin gene expression is induced in wheat leaves by powdery mildew infection

Author:
Hurkman, W.J.; Tanaka, C.K.
Source:
Plant physiology 1996 v.111 no.3 pp. 735-739
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
oxalates; messenger RNA; fungal diseases of plants; Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici; varietal resistance; oxidoreductases; gene expression; Triticum aestivum; disease resistance; chemical constituents of plants; enzyme activity; infection; defense mechanisms
Abstract:
... Germin gene expression is induced in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) leaves by powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis f. sp. tritici) infection. Germin is a protein marker for early cereal development and is an oxalate oxidase, an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of oxalate to CO2 and H2O2. The induction of germin gene expression by powdery mildew infection is consistent with the importance of H2O2 to ...

88. A Germin-Like Protein Gene Family Functions as a Complex Quantitative Trait Locus Conferring Broad-Spectrum Disease Resistance in Rice

Author:
Manosalva, Patricia M.; Davidson, Rebecca M.; Liu, Bin; Zhu, Xiaoyuan; Hulbert, Scot H.; Leung, Hei; Leach, Jan E.
Source:
Plant physiology 2009 v.149 no.1 pp. 286-296
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Hordeum vulgare; Oryza sativa; RNA interference; Triticum aestivum; barley; blast disease; blight; chromosomes; crops; disease resistance; genes; natural selection; pathogens; proteins; quantitative trait loci; rice; wheat
Abstract:
... Plant disease resistance governed by quantitative trait loci (QTL) is predicted to be effective against a broad spectrum of pathogens and long lasting. Use of these QTL to improve crop species, however, is hindered because the genes contributing to the trait are not known. Five disease resistance QTL that colocalized with defense response genes were accumulated by marker-aided selection to develop ...
DOI:
10.1104/pp.108.128348
PubMed:
19011003
PubMed Central:
PMC2613727

89. Glucosylation activity and complex formation of two classes of reversibly glycosylated polypeptides

Author:
Langeveld, S.M.J.; Vennik, M.; Kottenhagen, M.; Wijk, R. van.; Buijk, A.; Kijne, J.W.; Pater, S. de.
Source:
Plant physiology 2002 v.129 no.1 pp. 278-289
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Triticum aestivum; wheat; Oryza sativa; rice; food plants; endosperm; plant extracts; plant proteins; glycoproteins; polypeptides; complementary DNA; clones; genes; gene expression; Escherichia coli; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Nicotiana tabacum; tobacco; transgenic plants; fractionation; amino acid sequences; nucleotide sequences; chemical constituents of plants; glycosylation; dimerization
Abstract:
... Reversibly glycosylated polypeptides (RGPs) have been implicated in polysaccharide biosynthesis. In plants, these proteins may function, for example, in cell wall synthesis and/or in synthesis of starch. We have isolated wheat (Triticum aestivum) and rice (Oryza sativa) Rgp cDNA clones to study the function of RGPs. Sequence comparisons showed the existence of two classes of RGP proteins, designat ...
PubMed:
12011358
PubMed Central:
PMC155891

90. A Glucurono(arabino)xylan Synthase Complex from Wheat Contains Members of the GT43, GT47, and GT75 Families and Functions Cooperatively

Author:
Zeng, Wei; Jiang, Nan; Nadella, Ramya; Killen, Tara L.; Nadella, Vijayanand; Faik, Ahmed
Source:
Plant physiology 2010 v.154 no.1 pp. 78-97
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Triticum aestivum; anion exchange; antibodies; biosynthesis; cell walls; chromatography; glycosyltransferases; grasses; oligosaccharides; polymers; proteins; proteomics; transcriptomics; uridine diphosphate; wheat
Abstract:
... Glucuronoarabinoxylans (GAXs) are the major hemicelluloses in grass cell walls, but the proteins that synthesize them have previously been uncharacterized. The biosynthesis of GAXs would require at least three glycosyltransferases (GTs): xylosyltransferase (XylT), arabinosyltransferase (AraT), and glucuronosyltransferase (GlcAT). A combination of proteomics and transcriptomics analyses revealed th ...
DOI:
10.1104/pp.110.159749
PubMed:
20631319
PubMed Central:
PMC2938142

91. Gradients in water potential and turgor pressure along the translocation pathway during grain filling in normally watered and water-stressed wheat plants

Author:
Fisher, D.B.; Cash-Clark, C.E.
Source:
Plant physiology 2000 v.123 no.1 pp. 139-147
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
filling period; turgor; stems; photosynthates; sieve elements; translocation (plant physiology); water stress; endosperm; Triticum aestivum; leaves
PubMed:
10806232
PubMed Central:
PMC58989

92. GrainGenes 2.0. An Improved Resource for the Small-Grains Community

Author:
Carollo, Victoria; Matthews, David E.; Lazo, Gerard R.; Blake, Thomas K.; Hummel, David D.; Lui, Nancy; Hane, David L.; Anderson, Olin D.
Source:
Plant physiology 2005 v.139 no.2 pp. 643-651
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
quantitative trait loci; plant genetics; barley; Hordeum vulgare; oats; bioinformatics; expressed sequence tags; Secale cereale; rye; Triticum aestivum; Avena sativa; genomics; gene banks
Abstract:
... GrainGenes (http://wheat.pw.usda.gov) is an international database for genetic and genomic information about Triticeae species (wheat [Triticum aestivum], barley [Hordeum vulgare], rye [Secale cereale], and their wild relatives) and oat (Avena sativa) and its wild relatives. A major strength of the GrainGenes project is the interaction of the curators with database users in the research community, ...
Handle:
10113/7257
DOI:
10.1104/pp.105.064485
PubMed:
16219925
PubMed Central:
PMC1255984

93. Gramene, a tool for grass genomics

Author:
Ware, D.H.; Jaiswal, P.; Ni, J.; Yap, I.V.; Pan, X.; Clark, K.Y.; Teytelman, L.; Schmidt, S.C.; Zhao, W.; Chang, K.; Cartinhour, S.
Source:
Plant physiology 2002 v.130 no.4 pp. 1606-1613
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
grasses; rice; food crops; barley; phenotype; Hordeum vulgare; Oryza sativa; oats; wheat; expressed sequence tags; chromosome mapping; Triticum aestivum; Avena sativa; Sorghum bicolor; chemical constituents of plants; databases; plant proteins
Abstract:
... Gramene (http://www.gramene.org) is a comparative genome mapping database for grasses and a community resource for rice (Oryza sativa). It combines a semi-automatically generated database of cereal genomic and expressed sequence tag sequences, genetic maps, map relations, and publications, with a curated database of rice mutants (genes and alleles), molecular markers, and proteins. Gramene curator ...
Handle:
10113/26860
DOI:
10.1104/pp.015248
PubMed:
12481044
PubMed Central:
PMC1540266

94. HKT1 Mediates Sodium Uniport in Roots. Pitfalls in the Expression of HKT1 in Yeast

Author:
Haro, Rosario; Bañuelos, María A.; Senn, María E.; Barrero-Gil, Javier; Rodríguez-Navarro, Alonso
Source:
Plant physiology 2005 v.139 no.3 pp. 1495-1506
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Hordeum vulgare; barley; seedlings; roots; plant proteins; symporters; potassium; molecular cloning; complementary DNA; gene expression regulation; mutation; sodium; ion transport; Triticum aestivum; wheat; kinetics; plant biochemistry; plant physiology; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; nucleotide sequences
Abstract:
... The function of HKT1 in roots is controversial. We tackled this controversy by studying Na⁺ uptake in barley (Hordeum vulgare) roots, cloning the HvHKT1 gene, and expressing the HvHKT1 cDNA in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) cells. High-affinity Na⁺ uptake was not detected in plants growing at high K⁺ but appeared soon after exposing the plants to a K⁺-free medium. It was a uniport, insensitive t ...
DOI:
10.1104/pp.105.067553
PubMed:
16258014
PubMed Central:
PMC1283784

95. HKT1;5-Like Cation Transporters Linked to Na⁺ Exclusion Loci in Wheat, Nax2 and Kna1

Author:
Byrt, Caitlin S.; Platten, J. Damien; Spielmeyer, Wolfgang; James, Richard A.; Lagudah, Evans S.; Dennis, Elizabeth S.; Tester, Mark; Munns, Rana
Source:
Plant physiology 2007 v.143 no.4 pp. 1918-1928
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Triticum aestivum; Triticum turgidum subsp. durum; cations; durum wheat; leaves; loci; major genes; microsatellite repeats; roots; salt tolerance; transporters
Abstract:
... Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) has a greater ability to exclude Na⁺ from its leaves and is more salt tolerant than durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum [Desf.]). A novel durum wheat, Line 149, was found to contain a major gene for Na⁺ exclusion, Nax2, which removes Na⁺ from the xylem in the roots and leads to a high K⁺-to-Na⁺ ratio in the leaves. Nax2 was mapped to the distal region on ...
DOI:
10.1104/pp.106.093476
PubMed:
17322337
PubMed Central:
PMC1851807

96. Herbicide safener-binding protein of maize: purification, cloning, and expression of an encoding cDNA

Author:
Scott-Craig, J.S.; Casida, J.E.; Poduje, L.; Walton, J.D.
Source:
Plant physiology 1998 v.116 no.3 pp. 1083-1089
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
seedlings; herbicide safeners; dichloroacetic acid; isoelectric point; genes; etiolation; alachlor; coleoptiles; Hordeum vulgare; binding proteins; gene expression; thiocarbamate herbicides; Triticum aestivum; Nicotiana tabacum; metolachlor; molecular weight; protein composition; leaves; Arabidopsis thaliana; Zea mays; complementary DNA; genetic code; amino acid sequences; enzyme activity; Avena sativa; Sorghum bicolor; transferases
Abstract:
... Dichloroacetamide safeners protect maize (Zea mays L.) against injury from chloroacetanilide and thiocarbamate herbicides. Etiolated maize seedlings have a high-affinity cytosolic-binding site for the safener [3H](R,S)-3-dichloroacetyl-2,2,5-trimethyl-1, 3-oxazolidine ([3H]Saf), and this safener-binding activity (SafBA) is competitively inhibited by the herbicides. The safener-binding protein (Saf ...
PubMed:
9501141
PubMed Central:
PMC35078

97. High conservation among sequences encoding type-V thionins in wheat and Aegilops

Author:
Castagnaro, A.; Segura, A.; Garcia-Olmedo, F.
Source:
Plant physiology 1995 v.107 no.4 pp. 1475-1476
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Triticum aestivum; Aegilops tauschii; genes; nucleotide sequences; complementary DNA; clones; genetic code; polypeptides
PubMed:
7770542
PubMed Central:
PMC157293

98. High- and low-affinity zinc transport systems and their possible role in zinc efficiency in bread wheat

Author:
Hacisalihoglu, G.; Hart, J.J.; Kochian, L.V.
Source:
Plant physiology 2001 v.125 no.1 pp. 456-463
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Triticum aestivum; roots; zinc; nutrient uptake; nutrient transport; quantitative analysis; shoots; cultivars; genetic variation; plasma membrane
Abstract:
... There is considerable variability among wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars in their ability to grow and yield well in soils that contain very low levels of available Zn. The physiological basis for this tolerance, termed Zn efficiency, is unknown. We investigated the possible role of Zn2+ influx across the root cell plasma membrane in conferring Zn efficiency by measuring short-term 65Zn2+ upt ...
PubMed:
11154353
PubMed Central:
PMC61026

99. High-molecular-weight FK506-binding proteins are components of heat-shock protein 90 heterocomplexes in wheat germ lysate

Author:
Reddy, R.K.; Kurek, I.; Silverstein, A.M.; Chinkers, M.; Breiman, A.; Krishna, P.
Source:
Plant physiology 1998 v.118 no.4 pp. 1395-1401
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
heat shock proteins; seeds; binding proteins; Triticum aestivum; molecular weight; protein composition
Abstract:
... In animal cell lysates the multiprotein heat-shock protein 90 (hsp90)-based chaperone complexes consist of hsp70, hsp40, and p60. These complexes act to convert steroid hormone receptors to their steroid-binding state by assembling them into heterocomplexes with hsp90, p23, and one of several immunophilins. Wheat germ lysate also contains a hsp90-based chaperone system that can assemble the glucoc ...
PubMed:
9847114
PubMed Central:
PMC34756

100. Identification and characterization of a novel arabinoxylanase from wheat flour

Author:
Clemput, G.; Laere, K. van.; Hessing, M.; Leuven, F. van.; Torrekens, S.; Delcour, J.A.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.115 no.4 pp. 1619-1627
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Ceratocystis paradoxa; glycosidases; Aspergillus niger; seeds; Neurospora crassa; wheat flour; arabinose; Secale cereale; physicochemical properties; amino acids; Triticum aestivum; Avena sativa; food composition; hydrolysis; enzyme activity; protein composition
Abstract:
... An endogenous wheat (Triticum aestivum) flour endoxylanase was purified to homogeneity from a crude wheat flour extract by ammonium sulfate precipitation and cation-exchange chromatography. The 30-kD protein had an isoelectric point of 9.3 or higher. A sequence of 19 amino acids at the NH2 terminus showed 84.2% identity with an internal sequence of the 15-kD grain-softness protein, friabilin. High ...
PubMed:
9414565
PubMed Central:
PMC158628