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activists; advocacy; automation; data collection; vaccines
Abstract:
... In response to growing anti-vaccine activism on social media, the #DoctorsSpeakUp event was designed to promote pro-vaccine advocacy. This study aimed to analyze Twitter content related to the event to determine (1) characteristics of the Twitter users who authored these tweets, (2) the proportion of tweets expressing pro-vaccine compared to anti-vaccine sentiment, and (3) the content of these twe ...
World Health Organization; health beliefs; influenza; influenza vaccines; misinformation; vaccination; viruses
Abstract:
... Influenza epidemics happen yearly, and the World Health Organization estimates that the virus is connected to between 290,000 and 650,000 annual deaths. The most effective way to prevent seasonal influenza is vaccination. The prevalence of vaccine misinformation on social media is increasing, but the visual platform Pinterest is understudied in this area. The current study is the first to explore ...
Paridhi Gupta; Anuj Sharma; Kevin B. Spurgers; Russell R. Bakken; Lori T. Eccleston; Jeffrey W. Cohen; Shelley P. Honnold; Pamela J. Glass; Radha K. Maheshwari
... Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) is a New World alphavirus. VEEV is highly infectious in aerosolized form and has been identified as a bio-terrorism agent. There is no licensed vaccine for prophylaxis against VEEV. The current IND vaccine is poorly immunogenic and does not protect against an aerosol challenge with virulent VEEV. We have previously shown that VEEV inactivated by 1,5-iodo ...
Dafne C. Andrade; Igor C. Borges; Maiara L. Bouzas; Juliana R. Oliveira; Kiyoshi F. Fukutani; Artur T. Queiroz; Camila Indiani de Oliveira; Aldina Barral; Johan Van Weyenbergh; Cristiana Nascimento-Carvalho
... The effect of pneumococcal vaccination is widely variable when measured by nasopharyngeal carriage of vaccine and non-vaccine targets. The aim of this study was to compare the carriage rates and metabolic activity of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis among children who were or were not vaccinated with PCV10.We included children with a ...
Sven Arne Silfverdal; Carl-Erik Flodmark; Lars Rombo; Susan P. Tansey; Mohinder Sidhu; James Trammel; Emilio A. Emini; William C. Gruber; Daniel A. Scott; Alejandra Gurtman; On behalf of the 3012 study group
... As 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) is introduced, children who began vaccination with 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) may complete their vaccination with PCV13. This open-label phase 3 study evaluated immunogenicity and safety of PCV13 in Swedish infants and toddlers previously given 1 or 2 doses of PCV7 during infancy.Healthy infants previously given PCV7 at ages 3 ...
... There is debate regarding the value of vaccinating adults with the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV-13). This analysis was conducted to investigate the risk of PCV-13 serotype community acquired pneumonia (CAP) in hospitalised adults with co-morbid disease and risk factors for pneumococcal disease in the UK.Consecutive adults hospitalised (2008–2013) with a primary diagnosis of CAP, w ...
... The introduction of a 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) in 2000 dramatically reduced the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) caused by the seven serotypes covered by the vaccine. Following the introduction of PCV7, which contains a serotype 6B conjugate, some decrease in IPD due to serotype 6A was noted suggesting that the serotype 6B conjugate provided some partial cross ...
... This nasopharyngeal (NP) carriage surveillance study was requested by the European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products as a post-licensing commitment to determine whether the use of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) including 7 then 13 valents (introduced in 2001 and 2010, respectively) caused a shift in the distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes in children with a ...
... BACKGROUND: Interleukin 15 (IL-15) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in inflammatory diseases and IL-15 is expressed in atherosclerotic plaques. METHODS: To establish the role of IL-15 in atherosclerosis we studied the effect of IL-15 on atherosclerosis associated cells in vitro and in vivo by neutralizing IL-15 using a DNA vaccination strategy. RESULTS: Upon feeding a Western type diet LDLr ...
National Library of Medicine; World Health Organization; adolescents; children; developing countries; enzyme immunoassays; females; guidelines; immigration; infants; males; maternal immunity; monitoring; risk; seroprevalence; vaccination; vaccines; young adults
Abstract:
... The determination of the seroprevalence of vaccine-preventable diseases is critical in monitoring the efficacy of vaccination programmes and to assess the gaps in population immunity but requires extensive organisation and is time and resource intensive. The results of the studies are frequently reported in peer-reviewed scientific, government and non-government publications. A review of scientifi ...
... The pneumococcal whole cell vaccine (PWCV) has been investigated as an alternative to polysaccharide-based vaccines currently in use. It is a non-encapsulated killed vaccine preparation that induces non-capsular antibodies protecting mice against invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and reducing nasopharyngeal (NP) carriage via IL-17A activation of mouse phagocytes. Here, we show that PWCV induces ...
... Post-menopausal women belong to an age group that is highly susceptible to influenza infection and its most serious complications. However, data on the immunogenicity of influenza vaccines in these women is limited. Therefore, the antibody response to influenza vaccination was assessed in a postmenopausal mouse model. An inactivated-detergent-split vaccine from the A/New Caledonia/20/99 (H1N1) inf ...
demographic statistics; influenza; mortality; pandemic; people; tuberculosis; vaccines; United States
Abstract:
... The effect of the 1918 influenza pandemic on other diseases is a neglected topic in historical epidemiology. This paper takes up the hypothesis that the influenza pandemic affected the long-term decline of tuberculosis through selective mortality, such that many people with tuberculosis were killed in 1918, depressing subsequent tuberculosis mortality and transmission. Regularly collected vital st ...
bronchitis; death; influenza; mortality; pandemic; pneumonia; spring; summer; vaccines; young adults; Brazil
Abstract:
... Few studies have addressed the impact and dynamics of the 1918–1919 influenza pandemic in tropical and sub-tropical areas. To help cover this gap, we analyzed all death certificates issued from October 1913 to June 1921 in Florianopolis (Brazil), a subtropical state capital with a population of 41,298 inhabitants in 1920. In November and December 1918 (spring) there were a total of 70 and 14 death ...
cities; coasts; influenza; models; mortality; pandemic; quantitative analysis; respiratory rate; vaccines; viruses; Africa; Amazonia; Asia; Latin America; Peru
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Increasing our knowledge of past influenza pandemic patterns in different regions of the world is crucial to guide preparedness plans against future influenza pandemics. Here, we undertook extensive archival collection efforts from three representative cities of Peru—Lima in the central coast, Iquitos in the northeastern Amazon region, Ica in the southern coast—to characterize the temp ...
... A miniaturized neuraminidase inhibition (NI) assay using HA-mismatched H6 reassortant viruses was performed to examine the neuraminidase (NA)-specific antibody response in ferrets immunized with live-attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) strains. The strains tested possessed different NAs derived from seasonal H1N1 and H3N2, 2009 pandemic H1N1, and the highly pathogenic influenza H5N1 virus. The ant ...
compliance; health care workers; influenza; pandemic; patients; vaccination; vaccines
Abstract:
... Influenza vaccination recommendations are traditionally met with low compliance by healthcare workers (HCWs). The aim of this study is to analyze influenza vaccination among HCWs following a vaccination strategy characterized by an increased effort to maximize the hospital vaccination rate. For this, 2009–2010 seasonal and pandemic influenza vaccination rates among 2739 HCWs at a tertiary universi ...
adjuvants; developing countries; influenza; influenza vaccines; infrastructure; pandemic; surveys; South East Asia
Abstract:
... A global shortage and inequitable access to influenza vaccines has been cause for concern for developing countries who face dire consequences in the event of a pandemic. The Global Action Plan for Influenza Vaccines (GAP) was launched in 2006 to increase global capacity for influenza vaccine production to address these concerns. It is widely recognized that well-developed infrastructure to produce ...
Influenza A virus; experimental design; inactivated vaccines; influenza; patients; vaccination; viruses; China
Abstract:
... While the 2015–2016 influenza season in the northern hemisphere was dominated by A(H1N1)pdm09 and B/Victoria viruses, in Beijing, China, there was also significant circulation of influenza A(H3N2) virus. In this report we estimate vaccine effectiveness (VE) against influenza A(H3N2) and other circulating viruses, and describe further characteristics of the 2015–2016 influenza season in Beijing.We ...
... On August 8, 2016, a confirmed case of mumps was reported to the Arkansas Department of Health (ADH) in an adult resident of Springdale, Arkansas. By July 2017, nearly 3,000 cases of mumps were reported to ADH from 37 of the 75 counties in Arkansas. Over 50% of cases were in the Arkansas Marshallese community, a close-knit community characterized by large, and extended families sharing the same li ...
... Mucosal vaccines are a promising platform for combatting infectious diseases for which we still lack effective preventative measures. Optimizing these vaccines to generate the best protective immune responses with the least complicated immunization regimen is imperative. Mucosal barriers are the first line of defense against many pathogens and, as such, we looked to their biology for strategies to ...
... Immunodeficient patients are recommended to receive pneumococcal vaccination. However, there is limited evidence showing effectiveness of the polysaccharide vaccine. Polysaccharide vaccination has shown an association with cardiovascular event risk reduction. We assessed the efficacy of the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) in relation to the risk of hospitalization and death ...
... Pneumococcal infection is a serious cause of mortality and morbidity in the elderly. A nationwide pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV) program for elderly adults aged 75 years and older was conducted in Taiwan in 2008. The efficacy of the PPV in this very elderly population was evaluated.The data were analyzed using the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD), the cause-of- ...
... Induction of a sustained and broad antibody (Ab) response is a major goal in developing a protective HIV-1 vaccine. DNA priming alone shows reduced levels of immunogenicity; however, when combined with protein boosting is an attractive vaccination strategy for induction of humoral responses. Using the VC10014 DNA and protein-based vaccine consisting of HIV-1 envelope (Env) gp160 plasmids and trime ...
... We have shown that mucosal HIV-1 recombinant pox viral vaccination can induce high, avidity HIV-specific CD8+ T cells with reduced interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 expression compared to, systemic vaccine delivery. In the current study how these cytokines act to regulate anti-viral CD8+ T, cell avidity following HIV-1 recombinant pox viral prime-boost vaccination was investigated. Out of a panel of T ...
... Published literature suggests that many clinicians are not fully equipped to evaluate and apply research reports for the care of their patients. In this article, we introduce and illustrate five basic statistical concepts that can significantly impact the interpretation of the medical literature and its application to the care of patients, drawing examples from the vaccine literature: (i) consider ...
Andrew P. Craig; Jon Hanger; Jo Loader; William A.H. Ellis; John Callaghan; Cathryn Dexter; Darryl Jones; Kenneth W. Beagley; Peter Timms; David P. Wilson
... Many koala populations around Australia are in serious decline, with a substantial component of this decline in some Southeast Queensland populations attributed to the impact of Chlamydia. A Chlamydia vaccine for koalas is in development and has shown promise in early trials. This study contributes to implementation preparedness by simulating vaccination strategies designed to reverse population d ...
... Suboptimal vaccine uptake in both childhood and adult immunisation programs limits their full potential impact on global health. A recent progress review of the Global Vaccine Action Plan stated that “countries should urgently identify barriers and bottlenecks and implement targeted approaches to increase and sustain coverage”. However, vaccination coverage may be determined by a complex mix of de ...
... Foot-and-mouth disease vaccine potency testing involving live virus challenge can be problematical in pigs. Alternative methods of assessing vaccine efficacy are therefore desirable. Here we investigate the link between IL-6 in blood at time of challenge and protection against challenge by carrying out statistical analyses utilising data from six separate potency tests performed in swine with the ...
children; cost effectiveness; databases; insurance; otitis media; vaccination; vaccines; United States
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccination (PCV7) has been shown to reduce rates of otitis media (OM) when given as a 2- or 3-dose primary series followed by a booster dose. However, data on the 2- or 3-dose primary series’ relative effectiveness against OM is very limited. Using data from the United States after the 2000 introduction of PCV7, we compared the effectiveness of a 2- ...
... The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in catastrophic damage worldwide. Accordingly, the development of powerful, safe, easily accessible vaccines with long-term effectiveness is understood as an urgently needed countermeasure against this ongoing pandemic. Guided by this strong promise of using AAVs, we ...
... The vaccine against Dengue virus (DENV), Dengvaxia® (CYD), produced by Sanofi-Pasteur, has been registered by several national regulatory agencies; nevertheless, the performance and security of this vaccine have been challenged in a series of recent papers. In this work, we intend to contribute to the debate by analyzing the concept of an enhancing vaccine, presenting objections to the epidemiolog ...
funding; governance; green infrastructure; influenza; monitoring; pandemic; public health; vaccine development; vaccines; Europe
Abstract:
... Lessons learnt from the 2009 (H1N1) flu pandemic highlighted factors limiting the capacity to collect European data on vaccine exposure, safety and effectiveness, including lack of rapid access to available data sources or expertise, difficulties to establish efficient interactions between multiple parties, lack of confidence between private and public sectors, concerns about possible or actual co ...
Consuelo huerta; Miriam Sturkenboom; Toon Braeye; Lieke van der Aa; Giorgia Danieli; Caitlin Dodd; Talita Duarte-Salles; Hanne- Dorthe Emborg; Marius Gheorghe; Johnny Kahlert; Rosa Gini; Consuelo Huerta-Alvarez; Elisa Martín-Merino; Chris McGee; Simon de Lusignan; Gino Picelli; Giuseppe Roberto; Lara Tramontan; Marco Villa; Daniel Weibel; Lina Titievsky
computer software; databases; fever; health services; hospitals; injection site; metadata; monitoring; pneumonia; risk; seizures; somnolence; vaccination; vaccine development; vaccines; Europe
Abstract:
... The public-private ADVANCE consortium (Accelerated development of vaccine benefit-risk collaboration in Europe) aimed to assess if electronic healthcare databases can provide fit-for purpose data for collaborative, distributed studies and monitoring of vaccine coverage, benefits and risks of vaccines.To evaluate if European healthcare databases can be used to estimate vaccine coverage, benefit and ...
... The Accelerated Development of VAccine beNefit-risk Collaboration in Europe (ADVANCE) is a public-private collaboration aiming to develop and test a system for rapid benefit-risk (B/R) monitoring of vaccines using electronic health record (eHR) databases in Europe. Proof-of-concept studies were designed to assess the proposed processes and system for generating the required evidence to perform B/R ...
children; databases; health services; monitoring; vaccination; vaccine development; vaccines; Denmark; Italy; Spain; United Kingdom
Abstract:
... The Accelerated Development of VAccine beNefit-risk Collaboration in Europe (ADVANCE) is a public-private collaboration aiming to develop and test a system for rapid benefit-risk (B/R) monitoring of vaccines, using existing healthcare databases in Europe. The objective of this paper was to assess the feasibility of using electronic healthcare databases to estimate dose-specific acellular pertussis ...
... The Accelerated Development of Vaccine benefit-risk Collaboration in Europe (ADVANCE) public-private collaboration, aimed to develop and test a system for rapid benefit-risk monitoring of vaccines using healthcare databases in Europe. The objective of this proof-of-concept (POC) study was to test the feasibility of the ADVANCE system to generate incidence rates (IRs) per 1000 person-years and inci ...
Consuelo Huerta; Caitlin Dodd; Maria de Ridder; Daniel Weibel; Olivia Mahaux; Francois Haguinet; Tom de Smedt; Simon de Lusignan; Chris McGee; Talita Duarte-Salles; Hanne-Dorthe Emborg; Consuelo Huerta-Alvarez; Elisa Martín-Merino; Gino Picelli; Klara Berencsi; Giorgia Danieli; Miriam Sturkenboom
... The Accelerated Development of VAccine beNefit-risk Collaboration in Europe (ADVANCE) is a public–private collaboration aiming to develop and test a system for rapid vaccine benefit-risk monitoring using existing European healthcare databases. Incidence rate (IR) estimates of vaccination-associated adverse events that are needed to model vaccination risks can be calculated from existing healthcare ...
Kaatje Bollaerts; Tom de Smedt; Chris McGee; Hanne-Dorthe Emborg; Marco Villa; Maria Alexandridou; Talita Duarte-Salles; Rosa Gini; Claudia Bartolini; Simon de Lusignan; Myint Tin Tin Htar; Lina Titievsky; Miriam Sturkenboom; Vincent Bauchau
... The Accelerated Development of VAccine beNefit-risk Collaboration in Europe (ADVANCE) is a public-private partnership aiming to develop and test a system for rapid benefit-risk (B/R) monitoring of vaccines using European electronic health record (eHR) databases. This proof-of-concept study aimed to test the feasibility of near real-time (NRT) monitoring of vaccination coverage, benefits and risks ...
avian influenza; dengue; emerging diseases; human population; pandemic; pathogens; social change; technology; vector-borne diseases
Abstract:
... Emerging infections have threatened humanity since times immemorial. The dramatic anthropogenic, behavioral and social changes that have affected humanity and the environment in the past century have accelerated the intrusion of novel pathogens into the global human population, sometimes with devastating consequences. The AIDS and influenza pandemics have claimed and will continue to claim million ...
Yunda Huang; Kelly E. Seaton; Martin Casapia; Laura Polakowski; Stephen C. De Rosa; Kristen Cohen; Chenchen Yu; Marnie Elizaga; Carmen Paez; Maurine D. Miner; Colleen F. Kelley; Janine Maenza; Michael Keefer; Javier R. Lama; Magdalena Sobieszczyk; Susan Buchbinder; Lindsey R. Baden; Carter Lee; Vineeta Gulati; Faruk Sinangil; David Montefiori; M. Juliana McElrath; Georgia D. Tomaras; Harriet L. Robinson; Paul Goepfert; on behalf of the NIAID-funded HIV Vaccine Trials Network (HVTN) 114 Study Team
... Eliciting durable humoral immunity with sufficient breadth and magnitude is important for HIV-1 vaccine design. The HVTN 114 vaccine trial evaluated different boost regimens administered after a 7-year rest period in participants previously enrolled in HVTN 205, who received either three MVA/HIV62B (MMM) or two DNA and two MVA/HIV62B (DDMM) injections; both vaccines expressed multiple HIV-1 antige ...
... Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common cause of respiratory infection in infants, and no vaccine is available. In this report, recombinant AIK-C measles vaccines, expressing the RSV G or F protein of subgroup A (MVAIK/RSV/G or F), were investigated as a RSV vaccine candidate. MVAIK/RSV/G or F had the original ts phenotype and expressed RSV/G or F protein. Cross-reactive neutralizing ...
Corey P. Mallett; Edith Beaulieu; Marie-Hélène Joly; Benoît Baras; Xiuhua Lu; Feng Liu; Min Z. Levine; Jacqueline M. Katz; Bruce L. Innis; Sandra L. Giannini
... Avian H7 is one of several influenza A virus subtypes that have the potential to cause pandemics. Herein we describe preclinical results following administration of an investigational H7N1 inactivated detergent-split virion vaccine adjuvanted with the AS03 Adjuvant System. The adjuvanted H7N1 vaccine was highly immunogenic compared to the non-adjuvanted H7N1 vaccine in unprimed mice with less than ...
... The ectodomain of matrix protein 2 (M2e) of influenza virus is suggested to be a rational target for a universal influenza A vaccine. However, there are some concerns that M2e vaccines might not be highly effective in the general population with diverse genetic backgrounds. Here we examined the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of the baculovirus-derived virus-like particles containing multip ...
... Biodistribution studies of adenovirus-based vaccines support their clinical development by evaluating their spread and persistence following in vivo administration. AZD1222 (ChAdox1 nCov-19) is a replication-deficient non-human adenovirus-vectored vaccine for coronavirus disease 2019. In this nonclinical study, the biodistribution of AZD1222 was assessed in mice for 29 days following intramuscular ...
... The pneumococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine which includes a nonacylated protein D carrier from Haemophilus influenzae has been recently licensed for use in many countries. While this vaccine is protective against nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHI)-induced acute otitis media (OM), the mechanism underlying this protective efficacy is not yet fully understood. Protein D/glycerophosphodi ...
Yellow fever virus; monitoring; public health; risk; vaccination; vaccines; yellow fever; Brazil
Abstract:
... Yellow Fever (YF) is an acute febrile illness caused by yellow fever virus (YFV), a mosquito-borne flavivirus transmitted to humans and non-human primates. In Brazil, YF is a public health threat and may cause recurrent epidemics, even with the availability of a vaccine. We evaluated the sero-status for YFV in 581 individuals living in a risk area for YF in Brazil. The area presents history of cas ...
HIV infections; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; T-lymphocytes; antigens; antiretroviral agents; blood chemistry; chimerism; clinical trials; food consumption; health services; hematology; intramuscular injection; mice; patients; plasmids; proteome; tissue weight; toxicity; vaccines; viruses; United Kingdom
Abstract:
... The systemic toxicity of three candidate HIV-1 vaccines plasmid pSG2.HIVconsv DNA (D), ChAdV63.HIVconsv (C) and MVA.HIVconsv (M) expressing chimeric immunogen derived from the most conserved regions of the HIV-1 proteome was evaluated in two repeat-dose studies in the male and female BALB/c mice.In study UNO011, mice received three doses of 2×107 plaque-forming units of MVA.HIVconsv vaccine (MMM). ...
Allison L. Naleway; Brad Crane; Ning Smith; Matthew F. Daley; James Donahue; Julianne Gee; Sharon K. Greene; Theresa Harrington; Lisa A. Jackson; Nicola P. Klein; Hung Fu Tseng; Claudia Vellozzi; Eric S. Weintraub; for the Vaccine Safety Datalink
... To investigate concerns about a potential association between quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccination (HPV4) and venous thromboembolism (VTE), we conducted a self-controlled case series study in adolescents and young adults 9–26 years of age in the Vaccine Safety Datalink.We identified potential VTE cases diagnosed in 2008 through 2011 who had also received at least one HPV4 dose during that ...
... Patients undergoing immunosuppressive treatments have a higher need for protection against coronavirus disease (COVID19) that follows infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus but their ability to respond sufficiently to COVID vaccines is uncertain. We retrospectively evaluated SARS-CoV-2 spike subunit 1 (S1)-specific antibody levels after two mRNA doses in 242 patients with underlying chronic inflammat ...