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1. Advances in Sino-Thai cooperation in peach breeding

Author:
Zhao, J. B.; Guo, J. Y.; Ren, F.; Wang, Z.; Jiang, Q.; Sripinta, P.; Daoruang, C.; Boonprakob, U.; Nopkoonwong, U.
Source:
Acta horticulturae 2014 no.1059 pp. 75-82
ISSN:
0567-7572
Subject:
Prunus persica; buds; cold; cold treatment; cultivars; defoliation; development projects; forestry; fruit growing; greenhouses; hybridization; hybrids; international cooperation; mature plants; models; parents; peaches; planting; research and development; rootstocks; seedlings; seeds; summer; China; Thailand
Abstract:
... Peach (Prunus persica L.) is a delicious and healthy summer fruit in China. During 2000-2008, Sino-Thai Cooperation on research and development project between the Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences (supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China) and Chiang Mai Royal Agriculture Research Center (supported by the Department of Agr ...

2. Alternating patterns of mango - quantification at the growth unit level on four cultivars

Author:
Dambreville, A.; Normand, F.; Lauri, P. E.
Source:
Acta horticulturae 2014 no.1058 pp. 277-284
ISSN:
0567-7572
Subject:
alternate bearing; crops; cultivars; flowering; fruit set; mangoes; profitability; tree growth; trees
Abstract:
... As in other fruit species, the alternate bearing of mango trees is a main concern for orchard profitability. In this paper, we focused on the effect of the fate (vegetative, flowering or fruiting) of the terminal growth units of a growing cycle on the flowering and fruiting of terminal growth units of the following growing cycles. Flowering and fruiting of twelve young mango trees belonging to fou ...

3. A new method for differentiation in the screening of similar avocado selections in the quest for tolerance to Phytophthora cinnamomi

Author:
Bijzet, Z.; Sippel, A. D.
Source:
Acta horticulturae 2014 no.1058 pp. 435-442
ISSN:
0567-7572
Subject:
Phytophthora cinnamomi; avocados; etiolation; horticulture; root inoculation; root rot; root systems; rootstocks; scions; screening; seedlings; tropical and subtropical crops; wood
Abstract:
... The avocado rootstock-breeding programme of the ARC-Institute for Tropical and Subtropical Crops aims to develop a range of avocado rootstocks tolerant to Phytophthora root rot. A detached root inoculation method (Van der Merwe, 1995) was only able to eliminate 45 of 91 original selections. An additional method was needed, as the remaining number of selections was still too high to be promoted to ...

4. A new series of pest- and disease-resistant vigour-controlling apple rootstocks

Author:
Tustin, D. S.; Seymour, S. M.; Breen, K. C.
Source:
Acta horticulturae 2014 no.1058 pp. 663-669
ISSN:
0567-7572
Subject:
Eriosoma lanigerum; Erwinia amylovora; Malus; Phytophthora cactorum; agronomic traits; apples; bioassays; branches; crossing; dwarfing; early development; fire resistance; flooded conditions; fruit quality; fruiting; genotype; hybrids; immunity; pests; planting; rootstocks; scions; seedlings; shoots; suckering; trees
Abstract:
... Contemporary dwarfing and semi-dwarfing root stocks cultivated extensively worldwide lack durable resistance to economically damaging pests and diseases. In recognition of these limitations, a series of hybrid families was created in 1986-87 by crossing resistance sources Malus ‘Robusta 5’ and ‘Aotea’ (Malus seiboldii) to maternal parent ‘Malling 9’ (M.9) dwarf rootstock. More than 10, ...

5. An investigation of chilling requirement of some scab resistant apple cultivars in Po Valley

Author:
Finetto, G. A.
Source:
Acta horticulturae 2014 no.1059 pp. 115-122
ISSN:
0567-7572
Subject:
apples; branches; budbreak; buds; chilling requirement; cold treatment; cultivars; developmental stages; disease resistance; dynamic models; farmers; food security; fresh produce; fruit growing; fruit trees; growth chambers; harvesting; pesticide use reduction; planting; prediction; scab diseases; shoots; subtropics; temperate zones; temperature; winter; Italy
Abstract:
... In order to improve the quality of fresh produce, in terms of food security, reduction of pesticide usage, preserving the environment and health of farmers, many scab resistant apple cultivars were released from several institutions, mainly located in temperate zones during the last years. The cultivation of temperate fruit trees in tropical and subtropical areas, where scab is one of the main dis ...

6. A second generation mobile platform for assessing midday canopy photosynthetically active radiation interception in orchard systems

Author:
Lampinen, B.; Upadhyaya, S.; Udompetaikul, V.; Browne. G.; Roach, J.; Metcalf, S.; Stewart, W.; Contador, L.; Negron, C.; Gomez, I. P.; Beede, B.; DeBuse, C.; Doll, D.; Duncan, R.; Edstrom, J.; Elkins, R.; Fichtner, E.; Grant, J.; Hasey, J.; Holtz, B.; Kelley, K.; Krueger, B.; Niederholzer, F.; Olson, J.
Source:
Acta horticulturae 2014 no.1058 pp. 105-112
ISSN:
0567-7572
Subject:
almonds; canopy; global positioning systems; hazelnuts; microprocessors; new variety; olives; orchards; peaches; pears; photosynthetically active radiation; pistachios; pruning; soil fumigation; tree growth; walnuts; wavelengths
Abstract:
... A second generation mobile platform has been developed and used for measuring midday canopy photosynthetically active radiation interception in orchard systems. The system is equipped with a global positioning satellite (GPS) system and uses 800 photodiodes to measure light in the wavelength of photosynthetically active radiation and is adjustable to row widths of approximately 3 to 11 meters. It ...

7. A single Metamitron spray thinned 'Brookfield gala' apples as effectively as a program of treatments based on NAA, Carbaryl and Ba

Author:
Reginato, G.; Osorio, H.; Navarrete, J.
Source:
Acta horticulturae 2014 no.1058 pp. 397-404
ISSN:
0567-7572
Subject:
apples; barium; benzyladenine; carbaryl; covariance; flowering; fruit set; fruits; metamitron; naphthaleneacetic acid; trees; Chile
Abstract:
... A trial was established to determine the thinning effect of combinations of NAA, applied at flowering, and metamitron (350 mg L-1), applied at petal fall or/and fruit of 10 mm, in ‘Brookfield Gala’/Pajam2 apple trees; they were also compared with standard treatments for chemical thinning in Chile, based on NAA at bloom, carbaryl at petal fall and carbaryl mixtures with NAA or BA at 10-12 mm fr ...

8. Assessing the effectiveness of different management practices on fruit size of 'Blackamber' Japanese plums

Author:
Reginato, G.; Egea, V.
Source:
Acta horticulturae 2014 no.1058 pp. 389-396
ISSN:
0567-7572
Subject:
branches; cultivars; firmness; fruiting; fruits; girdling; orchards; planting; plums; shoots; spatial distribution; trees; wood
Abstract:
... A trial was established to identify those management practices that have the greatest effect on fruit size of ‘Blackamber’ Japanese plums (spurred and upright cultivar). The orchard was planted at a spacing of 5 x 2 m, and trees trained to an open vase system. Twenty four single tree experimental plots were established, which combined those extreme levels of different practices that are normal ...

9. Assessment of morphological and physiological responses of peach rootstocks under drought and aluminum stress

Author:
Kongsri, S.; Boonprakob, U.; Byrne, D. H.
Source:
Acta horticulturae 2014 no.1059 pp. 229-236
ISSN:
0567-7572
Subject:
acid soils; aluminum; chlorophyll; drought; evapotranspiration; greenhouses; highlands; irrigation rates; irrigation water; leaf conductance; leaf water potential; leaves; peaches; photosynthesis; physiological response; plant growth; proline; rootstocks; screening; selection index; shoots; toxicity; water stress; Thailand
Abstract:
... The challenging constrain of peach production in highlands of northern Thailand is limited irrigation water and acidic soil. These problems could be alleviated by using a suitable rootstock. Field screening for drought and acidic soil tolerant rootstocks is time consuming and costly. Therefore, any parameter related to these traits detected in a greenhouse screening would be very useful as a selec ...

10. Behaviour of some new apricot cultivars under the parallel trident planting system

Author:
Stanica, F.; Eremia, A.
Source:
Acta horticulturae 2014 no.1058 pp. 129-136
ISSN:
0567-7572
Subject:
apricots; branches; canopy; cultivars; grasses; hail; leaves; planting; pruning; rootstocks; scions; shoots; soil; summer; tree growth; trees; winter; Italy; Romania
Abstract:
... A study was established on the Eastern part of the Romanian plain on loam-sandy soil, to determine the adaptation of some new apricot cultivars grafted on two rootstocks. Apricot trees were produced by micro-grafting scion material ex vitro on micro-propagated rootstocks, in February and grown in 4 litre pots in Italy at Vitroplant Italia. The six scion cultivars: ‘Flavorcot’, ‘Sweetcot’ a ...

11. Breeding apple rootstocks in the twenty-first century - what can we expect them to do to increase productivity in the orchard?

Author:
Fazio, G.
Source:
Acta horticulturae 2014 no.1058 pp. 421-428
ISSN:
0567-7572
Subject:
apples; breeding; early development; gene expression; genomics; nutrient uptake; nutrients; parents; pathogens; profitability; rootstocks; scions; seedlings; soil profiles; trees; vigor; water use efficiency; weather
Abstract:
... Rootstocks are the foundation of a healthy and productive orchard. As such, the choice of a rootstock can influence the productivity and profitability of an orchard in a very significant way. Rootstock performance is highly correlated with the genetic potential of such rootstock to provide anchorage, explore the soil profile, absorb and transfer nutrients to the scion, adapt to pedo-climatic condi ...

12. Changes in fruit set of 'gala' apple in response to environment and artificial spur extinction

Author:
Breen, K. C.; Hooijdonk, B. M. van; Tustin, D. S.; Wilkie, J. D.; Bound, S. A.; Middleton, S. G.; Close, D. C.
Source:
Acta horticulturae 2014 no.1058 pp. 77-83
ISSN:
0567-7572
Subject:
abscission; apples; budbreak; buds; crops; florets; flowering; fruit set; fruits; growing season; models; orchards; trees; Australia; New Zealand
Abstract:
... In commercial ‘Gala’ apple orchards, natural bloom typically results in many more flowers and fruit than are required for high quality commercial crops. During flowering and early fruit development, strong competition for limited resources between florets or fruit within and among spurs induces their natural abscission, which affects fruit set. Removal of excess flowers and fruit routinely req ...

13. Characteristics and performance of four new apple rootstocks from the Cornell-USDA apple rootstock breeding program

Author:
Robinson, T. L.; Fazio, G.; Aldwinckle, H. S.
Source:
Acta horticulturae 2014 no.1058 pp. 651-656
ISSN:
0567-7572
Subject:
replant disease; Erwinia amylovora; apples; dwarfing; Phytophthora; vigor; Eriosoma lanigerum; breeding; soil; trees; rootstocks; field experimentation; root rot; fire resistance; New York
Abstract:
... In 2010, the Cornell-USDA apple rootstock breeding program at Geneva, NY released 4 new apple root stocks (Geneva® 210, Geneva® 214, Geneva® 890 and Geneva® 969). G.210 is a semi-dwarfing rootstock with vigor similar to M.7, with high productivity similar to M.9 and resistance to fire blight, Phytophthora root rot, and woolly apple aphid. It has also shown tolerance to apple replant disease in ...

14. Chilling accumulation during three years in a subtropical climate province (Nangarhar) of Afghanistan with reference to temperate fruit trees growing

Author:
Finetto, G. A.
Source:
Acta horticulturae 2014 no.1059 pp. 107-114
ISSN:
0567-7572
Subject:
Citrus; agroecological zones; almonds; altitude; apricots; chilling requirement; cold; cold treatment; cultivars; dynamic models; fruit trees; guavas; latitude; peaches; subtropics; temperature; winter; Afghanistan; Central Asia
Abstract:
... Afghanistan is located in the Central Asia and has several different agro-ecological zones due to long distance from Northern and Southern latitude (about 1,250 km) and the particular orography. The cultivation of the main temperate fruit trees is placed in the centre of the country where the cold temperatures during the winters are enough to overcome the bud endo-dormancy. However, in some provin ...

15. Comparison of different planting systems for 'Conference'

Author:
Vercammen, J.
Source:
Acta horticulturae 2014 no.1058 pp. 37-44
ISSN:
0567-7572
Subject:
bamboos; growers; labor; pears; planting; pruning; spring; trees; wages and remuneration
Abstract:
... In order to help fruit growers with the choice of the planting system, 7 different planting systems for ‘Conference’ on quince Adams were planted in the spring of 2002. Besides production and quality a lot of attention was paid to costs and labour. In order to enable a precise comparison, the test results of one planting system (bush-spindle shape) was fixed at 100%. The other planting systems ...

16. Comparison of the modified Spanish bush and the tall spindle cherry production systems

Author:
Robinson, T. L.; Dominguez, L. I.
Source:
Acta horticulturae 2014 no.1058 pp. 45-53
ISSN:
0567-7572
Subject:
cherries; cultivars; fruit cracking; heading; planting; production technology; rootstocks; shoots; spatial distribution; trees
Abstract:
... A replicated field planting of 3 cherry varieties (‘Rainer’, ‘Lapins’, and ‘Sweet-heart’) on Gi.5 or Gi.6 rootstocks was established at Geneva, NY in 2008. Each cultivar was planted at 2 densities (1,389 or 2,778 trees/ha) and trained either as a Modified Spanish Bush or as a Tall Spindle. Two of the 3 replicates were covered by a high tunnel and 1 replicate was left uncovered. The Mod ...

17. Consumer preference for apple eating quality and taste in relation to canopy position

Author:
Hamadziripi, E.; Muller, M.; Theron, K. I.; Steyn, W. J.
Source:
Acta horticulturae 2014 no.1058 pp. 253-260
ISSN:
0567-7572
Subject:
cultivars; canopy; apples; total soluble solids; microclimate; appearance (quality); food quality; trees; consumer preferences; firmness; titratable acidity; color; sweetness; taste
Abstract:
... The microclimate at different positions in the tree canopy may affect the eating quality, appearance and consumer preference for apple fruit. The aim of this study was to evaluate the internal and external quality of inner and outer canopy apples in relation to consumer preference for the eating quality and appearance of these fruit. In the 2009/10 and 2010/11 seasons, peel colour, flesh firmness, ...

18. Controlled freezing as a low-temperature tolerance test for apple rootstocks

Author:
Zurawicz, E.; Lewandowski, M.
Source:
Acta horticulturae 2014 no.1058 pp. 451-456
ISSN:
0567-7572
Subject:
apples; clones; cold; drying; floriculture; freezing; frost resistance; fruit growing; genotype; growing season; planting; plastic bags; rootstocks; seedlings; soil; temperature
Abstract:
... In the years 2009-2010, frost resistance of artificially frozen plants of nine Polish apple rootstocks (P 2, P 14, P 16, P 22, P 59, P 60, P 66, P 67 and P 68) bred at the Research Institute of Pomology and Floriculture (recently renamed Research Institute of Horticulture), and of M.7, M.9, M.26, M.106 rootstocks and Antonovka seedlings was tested. Controlled freezing was performed in a freezing c ...

19. Cultural practices on temperate fruits growing in tropical and subtropical zones

Author:
Nissen, R. J.
Source:
Acta horticulturae 2014 no.1059 pp. 43-50
ISSN:
0567-7572
Subject:
breeding; canopy; climate change; control methods; cultivars; farmers; farms; flowering; fruit growing; fruit quality; harvesting; irrigation management; markets; minorities (people); niches; profitability; rootstocks; socioeconomic status; subtropics; temperate fruits; temperate zones; tropical and subtropical fruits; tropics; vegetative growth; Asia
Abstract:
... Fruit production regions around the world are now experiencing significant changes in their growing conditions. Farmers already face greater challenges growing temperate fruits in subtropical and tropical regions compared to temperate regions, but time of production provides substantial farm gate returns. Climate variability is impacting on profitability, yields, fruit quality and phenological per ...

20. Deciduous fruit crops of Oman

Author:
Al-Yahyai, R.; Al-Said, F.; Opara, L.
Source:
Acta horticulturae 2014 no.1059 pp. 185-187
ISSN:
0567-7572
Subject:
Rosa; almonds; altitude; apples; apricots; climate; figs; fruit crops; income; mountains; peaches; pears; pomegranates; rain; temperature; vegetables; walnuts; Oman
Abstract:
... Oman is located in the South Eastern part of the Arabian Peninsula. The climate is generally characterized by low rainfall (< 100 mm annually) and high temperature for most of the year. However, mountains in the northern part of the country (Hajar Mountains) reach an altitude of approximately 3,000 m a.s.l., where temperatures drops significantly to allow for the growth and cultivation of various ...