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- Author:
- Serafim, A.P.; Godinho, P.; Ribeiro, B.; Bento, L.
- Source:
- Acta horticulturae 2011 no.922 pp. 187-194
- ISSN:
- 0567-7572
- Subject:
- application rate; center pivot irrigation; crop production; gauges; guidelines; irrigated farming; runoff; soil types; sprinklers; weather
- Abstract:
- ... On center pivot irrigation systems the application rate intensity increases from the pivot point to the moving end. As a result, application rate may exceed the soil’s infiltration capacity. The resulting runoff may cause erosion, reduce the uniformity of irrigation and cause losses in water, energy and crop production. Center pivot irrigation designers must provide information for a safe applicat ...
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- Author:
- Surikova, V.; Rubauskis, E.; Berlands, V.; Skrivele, M.; Kārkliņš, A.
- Source:
- Acta horticulturae 2011 no.922 pp. 319-325
- ISSN:
- 0567-7572
- Subject:
- acidity; calcium; cluster analysis; copper; cultivars; fertigation; fruit growing; magnesium; manganese; mulches; mulching; roots; rootstocks; sawdust; soil chemical properties; soil organic matter; soil sampling; soil water; trees; water management; Latvia
- Abstract:
- ... The aim of the study was to investigate root distribution of apple-trees on the dwarf rootstock B.9 as influenced by soil water management methods and soil chemical properties. The investigation was done on the base of an existing trial located at Latvia State Institute of Fruit-Growing (Dobele) with cultivar 'Melba'. The following soil water management treatments were applied: (1) control; (2) sa ...
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- Author:
- Navarro, J.M.; Andujar, S.; García-Olmos, B.; Rodríguez-Morán, M.; Pérez-Tornero, O.; Morte, A.
- Source:
- Acta horticulturae 2011 no.922 pp. 245-252
- ISSN:
- 0567-7572
- Subject:
- nutrient content; vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae; mycorrhizal fungi; seedlings; phosphorus; roots; Citrus reshni; growers; stems; Citrus macrophylla; Glomus mosseae; Rhizophagus intraradices; leaves; plant growth; Citrus aurantium; physiological response; rootstocks; sodium chloride; water content; salt stress; salt tolerance; irrigation water; salinity; nutrition
- Abstract:
- ... Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis is thought to increase host resistance to salinity stress, a characteristic that could be interesting in areas where the scarcity of irrigation waters forces growers to use low-quality irrigation water. To test this hypothesis seedlings of the rootstocks Mandarin Cleopatra (Citrus reshni Hort. ex Tan.), Sour orange (Citrus aurantium (L.)) and Alemow (Citrus ma ...
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- Author:
- Valdés, A.; García-Delgado, C.; Eymar, E.; Segura, M.L.
- Source:
- Acta horticulturae 2011 no.922 pp. 253-260
- ISSN:
- 0567-7572
- Subject:
- Capsicum annuum; anthracenes; food security; foods; fruits; groundwater; horticultural crops; irrigated soils; laws and regulations; pepper; pollutants; recycling; risk; wastewater; wastewater irrigation; water shortages; Mediterranean region; Spain
- Abstract:
- ... Due to the water shortages in Mediterranean countries, recycled water is being applied for agricultural uses. Potential risks of wastewater use include the presence of several pollutants dangerous for food security such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), organic molecules containing condensed aromatic rings. Pepper plants (Capsicum annuum 'Aifos') were irrigated with treated wastewater fr ...
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- Author:
- Ballester, C.; Castel, J.; Sanz, F.; Yeves, A.; Intrigliolo, D.S.; Castel, J.R.
- Source:
- Acta horticulturae 2011 no.922 pp. 221-228
- ISSN:
- 0567-7572
- Subject:
- irrigation water; canopy; water supply; gas exchange; heat; sap flow; transpiration; deficit irrigation; trees; water stress; irrigation management; Citrus; xylem; water potential
- Abstract:
- ... In citrus trees, regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) can be a useful irrigation strategy to reduce water supply without affecting yield. Previous studies conducted in this sense have determined irrigation water savings achieved by RDI but less is known about the actual transpiration values of the RDI trees. This information is crucial to properly carry out a water balance of an RDI orchard. In an e ...
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- Author:
- Sambo, P.; Zanin, G.; Nicoletto, C.; Roncolato, F.; Evans, M.R.
- Source:
- Acta horticulturae 2011 no.922 pp. 369-374
- ISSN:
- 0567-7572
- Subject:
- containers; correlation; cover crops; greenhouses; growers; leaching; lysimeters; nitrates; nutrients; soil water
- Abstract:
- ... The purpose of this research was to use low tension lysimeters (Porous Cups - PC) to extract nutrient solution or soil-water from containers without disturbing plants. PC is a quick and easy nutrient sampling technique to use in greenhouses that could help growers to prevent nutritional problems. In previous research PC have usually been used to monitor nitrate and or other nutrient leaching in th ...
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- Author:
- Egea, G.; Verhoef, A.; González-Real, M.M.; Baille, A.; Nortes, P.A.; Domingo, R.
- Source:
- Acta horticulturae 2011 no.922 pp. 285-293
- ISSN:
- 0567-7572
- Subject:
- almonds; data collection; environmental factors; leaves; models; photosynthesis; soil matric potential; soil water; soil water deficit; stomatal conductance; trees; water stress
- Abstract:
- ... Hourly values of mean stomatal conductance (gs) were derived in a 'top-down' approach from whole-canopy water flux measurements in well-watered (FI) and drought-stressed (DI) almond trees. Leaf photosynthesis rates (A) were simulated by using the photosynthesis model of Farquhar et al. (1980), previously calibrated and validated for FI and DI almond trees, and coupled to the radiation interception ...
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- Author:
- Alsanius, B.W.; Alam, M.; Larsson, C.; Rosberg, A.K.; Ahrné, S.; Molin, G.; Jensén, P.
- Source:
- Acta horticulturae 2011 no.922 pp. 61-66
- ISSN:
- 0567-7572
- Subject:
- Campylobacter; Enterococcus; Escherichia coli; Norovirus; Salmonella; Shigella; coliform bacteria; decontamination; farm to fork; filtration; foodborne illness; green leafy vegetables; guidelines; heat tolerance; heterotrophs; indicator species; irrigation water; oxidation; water quality; water treatment; British Columbia; Germany
- Abstract:
- ... Outbreaks of foodborne diseases (Norovirus, Salmonella spp., verotoxin producing E. coli, Campylobacter spp., Shigella spp.) related to fruit and vegetable have increased worldwide. Microbial hazards cause considerable and in some cases life-long suffering. Contamination may occur during the entire farm-to-fork continuum with irrigation water as one of the major vehicles for contamination. Therefo ...
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- Author:
- Jing, Li; Zhu, Shaolin
- Source:
- Acta horticulturae 2011 no.922 pp. 327-332
- ISSN:
- 0567-7572
- Subject:
- aquatic plants; lakes; longevity; surface water; water conservation
- Abstract:
- ... Wet-dry zone is an area that the flooded land exposed on the water surface periodically with the seasonal water fluctuations in reservoirs. It is a unique phenomenon of reservoir. This article aims to demonstrate and develop the ecological embankment by incorporating ecological elements when designing the wet-dry zone embankment. Take the embankment design of Lake Longevity wet-dry zone as an exam ...
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- Author:
- Capra, A.; Consoli, S.; Scicolone, B.
- Source:
- Acta horticulturae 2011 no.922 pp. 209-215
- ISSN:
- 0567-7572
- Subject:
- Citrus; crops; deficit irrigation; economic feasibility; income; irrigation management; irrigation water; orchards; physiological response; profitability; rain; semiarid zones; water supply; Italy
- Abstract:
- ... Citrus orchards are economically one of the most important crops in South Italy, where climate is semi-arid with scarce rain and high evaporative demand. One way to optimize water resources in this region is to adopt deficit irrigation (DI) strategies, such as regulated deficit irrigation (RDI). In Mediterranean regions, DI criteria have been widely applied and crop physiological responses to wate ...
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- Author:
- Navarro, J.M.; García-Olmos, B.; Andujar, S.; Rodríguez-Morán, M.; Moreno, M.; Porras, I.
- Source:
- Acta horticulturae 2011 no.922 pp. 55-60
- ISSN:
- 0567-7572
- Subject:
- Citrus macrophylla; calcium; leaves; nutritional status; osmotic pressure; physiological response; rootstocks; salt tolerance; seedling growth; seedlings; sodium chloride; water content
- Abstract:
- ... In saline conditions excessive amount of saline ions maybe absorbed by plants when the Na+/Ca2+ ratio of the root medium is high. In the experiment described seedlings of the rootstocks Carrizo citrange, Mandarino Cleopatra and Citrus macrophylla were grown in a growth chamber with Hoagland solution. Four treatments were studied: control (0 mM NaCl, 4 mM Ca2+), control+extra Ca (0 mM NaCl, 6 mM Ca ...
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- Author:
- Blanke, M.M.; Kunz, A.
- Source:
- Acta horticulturae 2011 no.922 pp. 381-386
- ISSN:
- 0567-7572
- Subject:
- air temperature; apples; atmospheric precipitation; climate; climate change; cultivars; flowering; frost; fruit growing; fruit trees; fruiting; harvesting; leaves; meteorological data; orchards; pears; phenology; soil air; soil temperature; summer; water stress
- Abstract:
- ... Meteorological data more than 50 years (1958-2010) from the University of Bonn, Klein-Altendorf research centre's own weather station, including air and soil temperature as well as precipitation, were analysed for climate change effects. Phenological data over 50 years on hand-written filing cards were calendar dates of full bloom, harvest and leaf drop, as well as late frost and consequent yield ...
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- Author:
- Pulvento, C.; Riccardi, M.; Lavini, A.; d'Andria, R.
- Source:
- Acta horticulturae 2011 no.922 pp. 49-53
- ISSN:
- 0567-7572
- Subject:
- Chenopodium quinoa; Mediterranean climate; deficit irrigation; environmental factors; field capacity; roots; saline water; salt tolerance; water salinity; water shortages
- Abstract:
- ... Chenopodium quinoa Willd. is an Andean species that shows a good adaptability to different environmental conditions. A field trial was carried out in 2009 at the CNR - ISAFoM research station to evaluate the response of quinoa under combined stresses of salinity and water shortage. Three irrigation treatments were compared 100, 50, and 25% of the water necessary to replenish to field capacity the ...
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- Author:
- Morandi, B.; Manfrini, L.; Zibordi, M.; Losciale, P.; Corelli Grappadelli, L.
- Source:
- Acta horticulturae 2011 no.922 pp. 355-359
- ISSN:
- 0567-7572
- Subject:
- canopy; carbon; cultivars; drought; flowering; gauges; irrigation rates; irrigation scheduling; kiwifruit; leaves; monitoring; phloem; sap; transpiration; vines; water potential; water stress; xylem
- Abstract:
- ... The early stage of kiwifruit development is characterized by high water in/outflows via xylem and epidermis transpiration. Therefore, early drought stress may heavily impact on the biophysical mechanism of fruit growth. This study tests how reducing irrigation at this time of the season affects kiwifruit growth rate, vine-to-fruit water relations and vascular flows. At 6 weeks after full bloom, 50 ...
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- Author:
- Martin-Gorriz, B.; Egea, G.; Nortes, P.A.; Baille, A.; González-Real, M.M.; Ruiz-Salleres, I.; Verhoef, A.
- Source:
- Acta horticulturae 2011 no.922 pp. 149-156
- ISSN:
- 0567-7572
- Subject:
- air temperature; canopy; carbon dioxide; climate change; eddy covariance; energy balance; heat; heat stress; irrigation; net ecosystem exchange; orchards; semiarid zones; stomatal conductance; summer; trees; vapor pressure; water use efficiency; Spain
- Abstract:
- ... The focus of the work reported here is the impact of severe heat stress conditions on orchards' carbon dioxide exchange rate (NEE, Net Ecosystem Exchange). NEE was monitored by means of the eddy-covariance technique over an irrigated orange-tree orchard during summer 2009 in Southern Spain. In that period, severe heat spells occurred (maximum air temperature and vapour pressure deficit up to 38°C ...
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- Author:
- Gómez, I.; Revert, J.; Lizama, V.; García-Esparza, M.J.; Álvarez, I.; Martínez, A.; Jiménez, J.; Intrigliolo, D.S.
- Source:
- Acta horticulturae 2011 no.922 pp. 375-380
- ISSN:
- 0567-7572
- Subject:
- acidity; alcohols; climate; deficit irrigation; evapotranspiration; experimental design; fruit composition; grapes; harvesting; irrigation management; maceration; rain; ripening; sugar content; temperature; vines; vineyards; viticulture; warm season; water potential; water stress; wines; Spain
- Abstract:
- ... In the old-world viticulture, there is a common but most often not scientifically proven consideration that supplemental irrigation should detrimentally affect berry and wine composition. In the semi-arid and warm climate of in-land Valencia, we tested the hypothesis that deficit irrigation might, not only improve yield, but also fruit composition. The experiment was performed with 'Cabernet Sauvi ...
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- Author:
- Bignami, C.; Cristofori, V.; Bertazza, G.
- Source:
- Acta horticulturae 2011 no.922 pp. 333-340
- ISSN:
- 0567-7572
- Subject:
- lipid content; orchards; fatty acids; sugars; seeds; water supply; phenols; hazelnuts; water use efficiency; subsurface irrigation; starch; soil; rain; water content; field experimentation; seed yield; Italy
- Abstract:
- ... Irrigation of hazelnut is widely applied because of its positive effects on productive behaviour in areas and years with limited rainfall and in soil with low water capacity. In recent years sub-irrigation has been applied in some Italian areas to mature hazelnut orchards and new plantations with the aim of optimising water use efficiency, reducing the cost of irrigation and enabling an easier soi ...
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- Author:
- Ishii, T.; Aota, M.; Cruz, A.F.
- Source:
- Acta horticulturae 2011 no.922 pp. 361-367
- ISSN:
- 0567-7572
- Subject:
- Paspalum notatum; Vulpia myuros; air; biomass; carbon; carbon dioxide; electrolytes; fruit growing; global warming; weather
- Abstract:
- ... To investigate the utility of Vulpia myuros (L.) C. C. Gmel. and Paspalum notatum Flügge. beyond effective functions as partner plants in fruit growing on carbon fixation against global warming, we developed a simple measurement system equipped with solid electrolyte CO2 sensors, an A/D converter and a personal computer. Consequently, this system was very useful for the continuous measurements of ...
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- Author:
- Villagra, P.; Selles, G.; García de Cortazar, V.; Ferreyra, R.; Aspillaga, C.; Ortega, S.
- Source:
- Acta horticulturae 2011 no.922 pp. 163-168
- ISSN:
- 0567-7572
- Subject:
- Food and Agriculture Organization; canopy; crop coefficient; eddy covariance; energy; evapotranspiration; harvest date; heat transfer; soil; table grapes; vineyards; volatilization; Chile
- Abstract:
- ... During the 2008/09 and 2009/10 seasons, net radiation (Rn), latent heat flux (LE), sensible heat flux (H), soil heat flux (G), and crop evapotranspiration (ETc = λ LE, where λ is latent heat of vaporization) were measured on a drip-irrigated Thompson Seedless vineyard trained on an overhead trellised system ("parronal español"). The experiment was located in Calle Larga, Aconcagua valley, Chile (3 ...
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- Author:
- Snyder, R.L.; Moratiel, R.; Song, Zhenwei; Swelam, A.; Jomaa, I.; Shapland, T.
- Source:
- Acta horticulturae 2011 no.922 pp. 91-98
- ISSN:
- 0567-7572
- Subject:
- carbon dioxide; canopy; evapotranspiration; stomatal conductance; air temperature; dew; water stress; free air carbon dioxide enrichment; humidity; global warming; wind speed; cool season grasses; surface water; stomata
- Abstract:
- ... While evapotranspiration rates are known to increase with higher temperature, other factors in addition to rising temperatures also affect evapotranspiration (ET). For example, increasing humidity and higher CO2 concentrations both tend to reduce transpiration and counteract the higher temperature effects on ET. As the oceans and other water bodies warm and evaporate more water into the atmosphere ...
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