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1. A comparison of prohexadione calcium (Regalis) with paclobutrazol (Cultar) on 'Bramley's seedling' apples (Malus silvestris x Malus pumila Mill.) in Ireland

Author:
Mac Santaoir, S.; Ward, F.; Archer, J.; Mansfield, J.
Source:
Acta horticulturae 2010 no.884 pp. 305-314
ISSN:
0567-7572
Subject:
Malus domestica; apples; buds; cultivars; fruit set; leaves; maritime climate; paclobutrazol; rain; rootstocks; shoots; trees; triploidy; Ireland
Abstract:
... ‘Bramley’s Seedling’ apple is the major apple cultivar grown in Ireland. As a triploid the ‘Bramley’ grows extremely vigorously; particularly in a maritime climate with regular rainfall. Controlling growth is a problem for the industry. Cultar has become the standard chemical for growth control across the industry and with the advent of Regalis it was important to see how the new chemistry would p ...

2. Alternate thinning chemicals for apples

Author:
Bound, S.A.
Source:
Acta horticulturae 2010 no.884 pp. 229-236
ISSN:
0567-7572
Subject:
ammonium thiosulfate; apples; fish; fish oils; flowers; fruit growing; fruit quality; potassium bicarbonate; sodium bicarbonate; sodium chloride; sulfur
Abstract:
... The removal of excess or unwanted flowers and/or fruit from trees is one of the most important orchard practices in pome fruit production, ensuring regular cropping and good fruit quality. Increased environmental and public health concerns have led to the banning or phasing out of many thinning chemicals and has encouraged the development and introduction of non-persistent chemicals with low toxic ...

3. Application of chemical products on overcoming the endodormancy in pear trees in regions of low cold unities

Author:
Formolo, R.; Rufato, L.; Kretzschmar, A.A.; Marcon Filho, J.L.; Brighenti, A.F.
Source:
Acta horticulturae 2010 no.884 pp. 245-248
ISSN:
0567-7572
Subject:
Pyrus communis; branches; budbreak; buds; dormancy breaking; experimental design; fruits; hydrogen cyanamide; mineral oil; orchards; pears; potassium nitrate; trees; Brazil
Abstract:
... The pear is the third temperate fruit specie more consumed in Brazil. However, the expansion of this species requires the development of modern cultural techniques to allow proper cultivation. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of different chemical products to overcome endodormancy of cultivar ‘Santa Maria’ pear (Pyrus communis L.) in Southern Brazil. The experiment was ...

4. Application of ethephon and ABA at 40% veraison advanced maturity and quality of 'Beidaneh Ghermez' grape

Author:
Amiri, M.E.; Fallahi, E.; Parseh, S.H.
Source:
Acta horticulturae 2010 no.884 pp. 371-377
ISSN:
0567-7572
Subject:
abscisic acid; absorbance; anthocyanins; color; cultivars; ethephon; firmness; fruits; market value; markets; rain; ripening; small fruits; soluble solids; table grapes; Iran
Abstract:
... The market value of grape ‘Beidaneh Ghermez’, which is one of the most popular cultivar of table grapes in Iran, is dependant upon its desirable appearance (red color). Its color is relatively poor in Zanjan province, Iran. The research was conducted to study the effects of of ethephon and abscisic acid (ABA) at four dosages (0, 100, 200, 300 ppm) at 20 to 30% verasion of berries on skin color qua ...

5. A time-course model for BA action in apple fruitlet thinning

Author:
Botton, A.; Eccher, G.; Ruperti, B.; Ramina, A.; Boschetti, A.; Dorigoni, A.
Source:
Acta horticulturae 2010 no.884 pp. 407-412
ISSN:
0567-7572
Subject:
1-methylcyclopropene; abscission; aminoethoxyvinylglycine; antagonists; apples; benzyladenine; chemical concentration; cytokinins; environmental factors; ethylene; ethylene production; fruits; leaves; models; orchards; shoots; spraying; trees
Abstract:
... Benzyladenine (BA) is a well known synthetic cytokinin broadly used as a thinning agent in apple orchards. BA has numerous physiological effects, strictly dependent upon the tree developmental stage, the concentration of the chemical and the environmental conditions at the time of spraying. The enhanced ethylene evolution observed in BA-treated apple leaves and fruits may be one of the key factors ...

6. AVG and fruit set: a tool for which novel applications are still being developed in various fruit crops - the case of walnuts

Author:
Retamales, J.; Petracek, P.D.
Source:
Acta horticulturae 2010 no.884 pp. 337-341
ISSN:
0567-7572
Subject:
abscission; aminoethoxyvinylglycine; ethylene; ethylene production; etiology; female flowers; fruit crops; fruit quality; fruit set; mechanism of action; pollination; trees; walnuts
Abstract:
... The ethylene biosynthesis inhibitor aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG; commercial product ReTain) has been used commercially for preventing pre-harvest drop and retaining fruit quality in apples for over a decade. Recently, AVG has been developed to increase fruit set in walnut trees by controlling pistillate flower abscission (PFA). In this study, the problem of PFA in the Serr variety has been analyz ...

7. AVG combined with NAA control pre-harvest drop of 'Mcintosh' apples better than either chemical alone

Author:
Robinson, T.; Hoying, S.; Iungerman, K.; Kviklys, D.
Source:
Acta horticulturae 2010 no.884 pp. 343-350
ISSN:
0567-7572
Subject:
aminoethoxyvinylglycine; apples; fruit drop; naphthaleneacetic acid; trees
Abstract:
... In 2008, we evaluated whether the combination of aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG, trade name = Retain) and napthaleneacetic acid (NAA) would give better pre-harvest drop control of ‘McIntosh’ apple than AVG or NAA alone. AVG (832 g Retain/ha or 416 g Retain/ha) was applied 3, 2 or 1 week before normal harvest. At either the 2 or 1 week before normal harvest, a combination of AVG and 20 mg•L-1 (ppm) N ...

8. Benzyladenine effects on fruit quality of 'Sweetheart' and 'Lapins' sweet cherries

Author:
Giardina, G.; Reeb, P.; Dussi, M.C.; Gastiazoro, J.; Zon, K.; Nichols, J.; Nyeki, J.; Szabo, Z.; Pugh, B.; Racsko, J.
Source:
Acta horticulturae 2010 no.884 pp. 473-479
ISSN:
0567-7572
Subject:
analysis of variance; benzyladenine; cherries; cultivars; firmness; flowering; flowers; fruit quality; fruit set; fruits; latitude; models; soluble solids; trees; Argentina
Abstract:
... This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of 6-benzyladenine (BA) applications on fruit quality of ‘Sweetheart’ and ‘Lapins’ sweet cherries in two different growing regions of Patagonia, Argentina: the Upper Valley of Río Negro (38°55’ South Latitude) and the Lower Valley of Chubut River (43°15’ South Latitude). In each location, two doses of BA (200 and 300 mg L-1) were applied at 10, 25 ...

9. Bud break in different cultivars of apple trees in two regions of Santa Catarina State, Brazil

Author:
Rufato, L.; Kretzschmar, A.A.; Brighenti, A.F.; Macedo, T.A.; Mendes, M.; Silva, L.C.
Source:
Acta horticulturae 2010 no.884 pp. 643-646
ISSN:
0567-7572
Subject:
Malus domestica; altitude; apples; budbreak; calcium nitrate; chemical treatment; cities; climatic factors; cobalt; cultivars; experimental design; flowers; hydrogen cyanamide; mineral oil; trees; zinc; Brazil
Abstract:
... When the chilling is not sufficient to provide the natural bud break of apple trees, it is necessary to use chemical products to induce bud break and overcoming the endodormancy of these plants. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the effect of different chemical products on bud break in three apple (Malus domestica Borkh) cultivars and two distinct regions of Santa Catarina State. The c ...

10. Budbreak induction in apple trees by erger and calcium nitrate application

Author:
Hawerroth, F.J.; Petri, J.L.; Leite, G.B.
Source:
Acta horticulturae 2010 no.884 pp. 511-516
ISSN:
0567-7572
Subject:
apples; budbreak; calcium nitrate; cooling; flowering; fruit set; fruit trees; hydrogen cyanamide; mineral oil; toxicity; Brazil
Abstract:
... In mild winter climates, the budbreak promoters application is one of main management strategies used to decrease problems of insufficient winter chilling on temperate fruit trees. Despite of the high efficiency of some chemicals on budbreak induction, the high toxicity showed by these compounds is one problem related to its use. Erger, an organic nitrogen compound, combined with calcium nitrate, ...

11. Budding height and planting depth influence 'Fuji' and 'Golden Delicious' (Malus domestica Borkh.) apple tree performance

Author:
Vigl, J.; Brunner, P.
Source:
Acta horticulturae 2010 no.884 pp. 701-707
ISSN:
0567-7572
Subject:
Malus domestica; apples; cultivars; dwarfing; grafting (plants); orchards; planting; rootstocks; soil; trees; vigor; Italy
Abstract:
... Fruit growers prefer apple trees that grow with moderate vigor, demand little labour and produce consistent and high quality yields. These requirements are best met by grafting plants on dwarfing apple rootstocks. The dwarfing rootstock M.9 holds the greatest promise for Italy’s high density orchards. However, with some vigorous cultivars, this rootstock may not be dwarfing enough. Instead of choo ...

12. Changes in the expression of genes involved in ethylene signalling in peach fruit with different flesh texture and softening patterns

Author:
Ghiani, A.; Baldin, F.; Morgutti, S.; Negrini, N.; Nocito, F.F.; MIgnani, I.; Bassi, D.; Cocucci, M.
Source:
Acta horticulturae 2010 no.884 pp. 125-131
ISSN:
0567-7572
Subject:
alleles; ethylene; ethylene production; gene expression; peaches; polygalacturonase; regulatory sequences; sequence analysis; texture
Abstract:
... Melting flesh (MF) and non-melting flesh (NMF) peaches show different texture and firmness and different ethylene evolution. The MF phenotype is linked to the presence of high levels of an active ripening-related endopolygalacturonase (endoPG). In ‘Oro A’ the predicted amino acidic sequence of endoPG protein is very similar to that of MF ‘Bolero’ but the levels of the active endoPG protein and Pp- ...

13. Chemical thinning and summer PGRS for consistent return cropping of 'Honeycrisp' apples

Author:
Robinson, T.; Lopez, S.; Iungerman, K.
Source:
Acta horticulturae 2010 no.884 pp. 635-642
ISSN:
0567-7572
Subject:
apples; carbaryl; ethephon; naphthaleneacetic acid; summer; trees
Abstract:
... A field study was conducted at Geneva, NY from 2005-2007 with ‘Honeycrisp’/M.9 apple trees where a range of croploads was imposed on 3rd-5th year trees by hand thinning at 10 mm fruit size to determine the effect of crop load on return bloom. A relatively low crop load (4 fruits/cm2 trunk cross-sectional area (TCA) was required to ensure a strong return bloom the next year with young trees but wit ...

14. Chemical thinning of 'Conference' pears

Author:
Maas, F.M.; Kanne, H.J.; Steeg, P.A.H. van der
Source:
Acta horticulturae 2010 no.884 pp. 293-304
ISSN:
0567-7572
Subject:
acetic acid; ammonium thiosulfate; fruit set; fruits; naphthaleneacetic acid; pears; trees; weather
Abstract:
... The increasing difference in the market value of small and larger sized ‘Conference’ pears (>65 mm) and the high labour costs for hand thinning, makes it interesting for growers to find a cheaper and reliable method for thinning pear trees. In 2007, 2008 and 2009 trials were carried out to test the thinning efficacy of several chemicals. Fruit set was only significantly reduced by a two-fold appli ...

15. Comparative apple-tomato genomics to unravel the 1-MCP effect on apple maturation and ripening

Author:
Costa, F.; Alba, R.; Soglio, V.; Schouten, H.J.; Gianfranceschi, L.; Costa, G.; Sansavini, S.; Giovannoni, J.
Source:
Acta horticulturae 2010 no.884 pp. 95-100
ISSN:
0567-7572
Subject:
1-methylcyclopropene; apples; cultivars; ethylene; ethylene production; experimental design; genes; genomics; ripening; tomatoes
Abstract:
... Ethylene is a gaseous hormone that in higher plants controls several physiological aspects. In climacteric species, like apple and tomato, this hormone plays a crucial role triggering and coordinating most of the ripening evolution. To identify the putative gene set impacting the apple fruit ripening, we have carried out a two-way microarray approach: performing homologous and heterologous hybridi ...

16. Crop load control of 'Fuji' apple in central Italy

Author:
Belleggia, A.; Murri, G.; Neri, D.
Source:
Acta horticulturae 2010 no.884 pp. 399-405
ISSN:
0567-7572
Subject:
alternate bearing; ammonium thiosulfate; apples; benzyladenine; buds; canopy; deblossoming; flowers; fruit set; fruits; olive oil; pruning; sulfur; trees; Italy
Abstract:
... Alternate bearing of Fuji apple is an increasing problem in high density planting systems. In a commercial orchard (Ascoli Piceno, central Italy) with 4329 trees/ha (3.3×0.7 m), several substances (ammonium thiosulphate, lime sulphur, olive oil and benzyladenine), potentially active in blossom thinning, were investigated in comparison to hand thinning and untreated control. Fruit set was evaluated ...

17. Dealing with plant bioregulators: an industrial view

Author:
Rademacher, W.
Source:
Acta horticulturae 2010 no.884 pp. 717-724
ISSN:
0567-7572
Subject:
dormancy breaking; fruit trees; genotype; introduced plants; markets; new products; plant breeding; plant development; plant protection; profitability; sales
Abstract:
... Worldwide, plant bioregulators account for only approximately 2.5% of the total sales of products used in plant protection. This limited market potential, enormous costs for development and registration, and the demand for high sales and profitability have created major constraints to the introduction of new plant bioregulators. However, it can be assumed that there are still possibilities to succ ...

18. Deciduous fruit trees in a warming world: effect on flower and fruit development

Author:
Flaishman, M.A.; Sargal, A.; Granot, M.; Yablovich, Z.; Golobovich, S.; Peles, Y.
Source:
Acta horticulturae 2010 no.884 pp. 167-178
ISSN:
0567-7572
Subject:
flowers; fruit growing; fruit trees; fruiting; global warming; irrigation; plant growth substances; temperate zones; temperature; Israel
Abstract:
... Current and forecast global warming is expected to change climate in the classic regions of deciduous fruit tree cultivation. With this scenario in mind, a broader and deeper understanding of the relevant physiological processes that regulate fruit production under a warmer climate will allow sustainable fruit growing in world regions that currently still enjoy temperate climate. Being a significa ...

19. Delay of flower bud phenology of rabbiteye and southern highbush blueberries with soybean oil and abscisic acid

Author:
Sams, C.E.; Deyton, D.E.; Cummins, J.C.; Ballington, J.R.
Source:
Acta horticulturae 2010 no.884 pp. 647-650
ISSN:
0567-7572
Subject:
Vaccinium corymbosum; abscisic acid; blueberries; buds; ethanol; flowers; mortality; peaches; phenology; runoff; soybean oil; spraying
Abstract:
... Late winter freezes are primary causes of yield reduction of rabbiteye and southern highbush blueberries. Sprays of soybean oil in early February can delay peach bloom by up to seven days, reducing the potential of freeze damage. ‘Legacy’ (Vaccinium corymbosum) blueberry plants were sprayed to runoff on 22 February with 0, 60, 90 or 120 ml/L soybean oil (Golden Natural, 93% soybean oil a.i.). Flow ...

20. Dormant applications of a soybean oil adjuvant plus ethephon reduce peach flower bud survival

Author:
Reighard, G.L.; Ouellette, D.; Brock, K.
Source:
Acta horticulturae 2010 no.884 pp. 629-634
ISSN:
0567-7572
Subject:
application timing; buds; cultivars; deblossoming; ethephon; flowers; fruit set; fruit yield; growers; peaches; soybean oil; spring; trees; South Carolina
Abstract:
... Early removal of flower buds, flowers or small fruitlets increases peach fruit size and commercial value. Due to the lack of labeled or consistent thinning chemicals, peach growers usually wait approximately 30 days after bloom before hand-thinning fruit, which decreases fruit growth potential. Experiments were conducted near Seneca, South Carolina to determine the efficacy of combining Vegetoil ( ...