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- Author:
- Kayad, Ahmed; Rainato, Riccardo; Picco, Lorenzo; Sartori, Luigi; Marinello, Francesco
- Source:
- Agriculture (Basel) 2019 v.9 no.8
- ISSN:
- 2077-0472
- Subject:
- clods; cork stoppers; harrowing; harrows; monitoring; radio frequency identification; sowing; topsoil; working conditions; Italy
- Abstract:
- ... Harrowing is a process that reduces the size of soil clods and prepares the field for seeding. Rotary harrows are a common piece of equipment in North Italy that consists of teeth rotating around a vertical axis with a processing depth of 5–15 cm. In this study, the topsoil movement in terms of distance and direction were estimated at different rotary harrow working conditions. A total of ei ...
- DOI:
- 10.3390/agriculture9080184
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture9080184
- Author:
- Vermooten, Marli; Nadeem, Muhammad; Cheema, Mumtaz; Thomas, Raymond; Galagedara, Lakshman
- Source:
- Agriculture (Basel) 2019 v.9 no.8
- ISSN:
- 2077-0472
- Subject:
- Podzols; biochar; cation exchange capacity; climate; dairy manure; dietary recommendations; disturbed soils; field experimentation; nitrogen; nutrient availability; nutrient requirements; prediction; soil depth; soil electrical conductivity; soil nutrients; soil organic carbon; soil pH; soil sampling; soil solution; time domain reflectometry; uncertainty
- Abstract:
- ... A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of biochar and dairy manure (DM) on physicochemical properties of podzolic soils, as well as to establish the relationships between selected physicochemical properties and soil electrical conductivity (EC) in a silage-corn production system. Nutrient requirements of the crop were met through different nutrient sources considering soil nutrie ...
- DOI:
- 10.3390/agriculture9080183
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture9080183
- Author:
- Bararpour, Taghi; Hale, Ralph R.; Kaur, Gurpreet; Singh, Bhupinder; Tseng, Te-Ming P.; Wilkerson, Tessie H.; Willett, Cammy D.
- Source:
- Agriculture (Basel) 2019 v.9 no.8
- ISSN:
- 2077-0472
- Subject:
- Amaranthus palmeri; Ipomoea hederacea; Ipomoea lacunosa; Sida spinosa; Sorghum bicolor; Urochloa platyphylla; atrazine; dicamba; dimethenamid; grain sorghum; grain yield; mesotrione; metolachlor; prosulfuron; quinclorac; weed control; weeds; Arkansas
- Abstract:
- ... A field study was conducted in Arkansas over three years to evaluate various herbicide treatments, including sequential and tank-mix applications for weed control in grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor). The herbicide treatments used were quinclorac, atrazine + dimethenamid-p, S-metolachlor followed by (fb) atrazine + dicamba, dimethenamid-p fb atrazine, S-metolachlor + atrazine fb atrazine, S-metolach ...
- DOI:
- 10.3390/agriculture9080182
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture9080182
- Author:
- Bourodimos, Georgios; Koutsiaras, Michael; Psiroukis, Vasilios; Balafoutis, Athanasios; Fountas, Spyros
- Source:
- Agriculture (Basel) 2019 v.9 no.8
- ISSN:
- 2077-0472
- Subject:
- air; air-assisted sprayers; crops; humans; models; plant protection; pollution; relative humidity; risk; risk assessment; spray drift; spraying; temperature; trees; vineyards; weather forecasting; wind speed; Greece
- Abstract:
- ... Spray drift is one of the most important causes of pollution from plant protection products and it puts the health of the environment, animals, and humans at risk. There is; thus, an urgent need to develop measures for its reduction. Among the factors that affect spray drift are the weather conditions during application of spraying. The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate a spray d ...
- DOI:
- 10.3390/agriculture9080181
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture9080181
- Author:
- Gage, Karla L.; Krausz, Ronald F.; Walters, S. Alan
- Source:
- Agriculture (Basel) 2019 v.9 no.8
- ISSN:
- 2077-0472
- Subject:
- 2,4-D; crop production; cropping systems; crops; dicamba; food security; glufosinate; glufosinate resistance; glyphosate; glyphosate resistance; growers; herbicide mixtures; herbicide-resistant weeds; integrated weed management; isoxaflutole; plant damage; production technology; resistance management; risk; selection pressure; soybeans
- Abstract:
- ... Since weed management is such a critical component of agronomic crop production systems, herbicides are widely used to provide weed control to ensure that yields are maximized. In the last few years, herbicide-resistant (HR) crops, particularly those that are glyphosate-resistant, and more recently, those with dicamba (3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid) and 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) ...
- DOI:
- 10.3390/agriculture9080180
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture9080180
- Author:
- Gage, Karla L.; Schwartz-Lazaro, Lauren M.
- Source:
- Agriculture (Basel) 2019 v.9 no.8
- ISSN:
- 2077-0472
- Subject:
- agroecology; application technology; biological weed control; cover crops; crop rotation; cultivars; ecosystems; energy requirements; financial economics; herbicide resistance; herbicide-resistant weeds; herbicides; human health; integrated weed management; risk; sustainable agriculture; tillage; weed biology
- Abstract:
- ... Weeds have been historically, and are still today, the primary and most economically important pest in agriculture. Several selection pressures associated with weed management, such as an overreliance on herbicides, have promoted the rapid evolution of herbicide-resistant weeds. Integrated Weed Management (IWM) is promoted as an ecological systems approach, through the combination of biological, c ...
- DOI:
- 10.3390/agriculture9080179
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture9080179
- Author:
- Pirchio, Michel; Fontanelli, Marco; Labanca, Fabio; Sportelli, Mino; Frasconi, Christian; Martelloni, Luisa; Raffaelli, Michele; Peruzzi, Andrea; Gaetani, Monica; Magni, Simone; Caturegli, Lisa; Volterrani, Marco; Grossi, Nicola
- Source:
- Agriculture (Basel) 2019 v.9 no.8
- ISSN:
- 2077-0472
- Subject:
- Cynodon dactylon; Festuca arundinacea; data collection; electric energy consumption; electric motors; lawns and turf; mowing; nitrogen; primary energy; rotary mowers; turf grasses; wastes
- Abstract:
- ... Turfgrass mowing is one of the most important operations concerning turfgrass maintenance. Over time, different mowing machines have been developed, such as reel mowers, rotary mowers, and flail mowers. Rotary mowers have become the most widespread mowers for their great versatility and easy maintenance. Modern rotary mowers can be equipped with battery-powered electric motors and precise settings ...
- DOI:
- 10.3390/agriculture9080178
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture9080178
- Author:
- Gutiérrez-Gamboa, Gastón; Díaz-Galvéz, Irina; Verdugo-Vásquez, Nicolás; Moreno-Simunovic, Yerko
- Source:
- Agriculture (Basel) 2019 v.9 no.8
- ISSN:
- 2077-0472
- Subject:
- Vitis vinifera; cultivars; fruit composition; leaf area; lignification; polyphenols; shoots; small fruits; total soluble solids; yield components; Chile
- Abstract:
- ... A trial was conducted during the 2005–2006 season in order to determine the effects of different leaf-to-fruit ratios on yield components and fruit composition in four Vitis vinifera L. cultivars. The treatments consisted of selecting shoots of four lengths (>1.3 m, 1.3–0.8 m, 0.8–0.4 m, and <0.4 m) with two crop levels (1–2 clusters/shoot), which allowed defining eight ratios. Berry composition a ...
- DOI:
- 10.3390/agriculture9080176
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture9080176
- Author:
- Montazar, Ali; Cahn, Michael; Putman, Alexander
- Source:
- Agriculture (Basel) 2019 v.9 no.8
- ISSN:
- 2077-0472
- Subject:
- biomass production; canopy; crop production; data collection; downy mildew; economic sustainability; leaves; microirrigation; nitrogen; organic foods; spinach; sprinkler irrigation; statistical analysis; systems engineering; water use efficiency; California
- Abstract:
- ... The main objective of this study was to explore the viability of drip irrigation for organic spinach production and the management of spinach downy mildew disease in California. The experiment was conducted over two crop seasons at the University of California Desert Research and Extension Center located in the low desert of California. Various combinations of dripline spacings and installation de ...
- DOI:
- 10.3390/agriculture9080177
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture9080177
- Author:
- Ninou, Elissavet; Papathanasiou, Fokion; Vlachostergios, Dimitrios N.; Mylonas, Ioannis; Kargiotidou, Anastasia; Pankou, Chrysanthi; Papadopoulos, Ioannis; Sinapidou, Evangelia; Tokatlidis, Ioannis
- Source:
- Agriculture (Basel) 2019 v.9 no.8
- ISSN:
- 2077-0472
- Subject:
- breeding methods; cooking; crude fiber; genetic variation; landraces; lentils; nutritive value; protein content; seed quality; starch
- Abstract:
- ... Landraces are a valuable source of genetic variability for breeders to develop high-yielding lentil varieties. Apart from productivity, simultaneous breeding for lentil seed nutritional quality is of paramount importance for wider lentil consumption. This work examined the indirect effect of single plant selection for high yield on important seed quality traits within three Greek lentil landraces ...
- DOI:
- 10.3390/agriculture9080175
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture9080175
- Author:
- Testa, Riccardo; Asciuto, Antonio; Schifani, Giorgio; Schimmenti, Emanuele; Migliore, Giuseppina
- Source:
- Agriculture (Basel) 2019 v.9 no.8
- ISSN:
- 2077-0472
- Subject:
- alternative medicine; foods; healthy diet; honey; human health; income; marketing strategies; medicinal properties; refined sugar; taste; traditional medicine; Italy
- Abstract:
- ... Nowadays, more and more consumers show a growing interest in healthy food products that may help to maintain or improve human health, such as honey. Honey has always represented a fundamental component of traditional medicine in many world cultures. However, only thanks to several studies carried out in the last years, its use is considered as an alternative and complementary medicine, namely apit ...
- DOI:
- 10.3390/agriculture9080174
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture9080174
- Author:
- Gouvinhas, Irene; Martins-Lopes, Paula; Carvalho, Teresa; Barros, Ana; Gomes, Sónia
- Source:
- Agriculture (Basel) 2019 v.9 no.8
- ISSN:
- 2077-0472
- Subject:
- Colletotrichum acutatum; Olea europaea; anthracnose; biosynthesis; cultivars; enzyme activity; enzymes; flavonoids; fruit growing; fruits; fungi; gene expression; olive oil; olives; orchards; pathogens; phenylpropanoids; secondary metabolites
- Abstract:
- ... Olive anthracnose caused by the hemibiotrophic fungal pathogen Colletotrichum acutatum is a serious threat to the olive sector. Olive oil and fruit production is severely constrained by Colletotrichum spp. infection, being C. acutatum the most distributed pathogen in Portuguese olive orchards. To understand the impact of C. acutatum on phenylpropanoids biosynthesis, the enzyme activity, phenolic c ...
- DOI:
- 10.3390/agriculture9080173
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture9080173
- Author:
- Toom, Merili; Tamm, Sirje; Talgre, Liina; Tamm, Ilmar; Tamm, Ülle; Narits, Lea; Hiiesalu, Inga; Mäe, Andres; Lauringson, Enn
- Source:
- Agriculture (Basel) 2019 v.9 no.8
- ISSN:
- 2077-0472
- Subject:
- Brassica rapa subsp. oleifera; Hordeum vulgare; Raphanus sativus; Secale cereale; Trifolium alexandrinum; Vicia villosa; carbon nitrogen ratio; chemical reduction; cover crops; fallow; forage; grain yield; leaching; nitrates; nitrogen; radishes; rye; spring; spring barley; winter; Estonia
- Abstract:
- ... Using cover crops in fallow periods of crop production is an important management tool for reducing nitrate leaching and therefore improving nitrogen availability for subsequent crops. We estimated the short-term effect of five cover crop species on the yield of successive spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) for two years in Estonia. The cover crop species used in the study were winter rye (Secale ...
- DOI:
- 10.3390/agriculture9080172
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture9080172
- Author:
- Pitarma, Rui; Crisóstomo, João; Ferreira, Maria Eduarda
- Source:
- Agriculture (Basel) 2019 v.9 no.8
- ISSN:
- 2077-0472
- Subject:
- Olea europaea; Quercus pyrenaica; cameras; decision support systems; ecosystems; health effects assessments; health status; monitoring; natural resources; qualitative analysis; sap; temperature; thermography; tissues; tree health; trees
- Abstract:
- ... Trees are essential natural resources for ecosystem balance, regional development, and urban greening. Preserving trees has become a crucial challenge for society. It is common for the use of invasive or even destructive techniques for health diagnosis of these living structures, and interventions after visual inspection. Therefore, the dissemination and implementation of increasingly less aggress ...
- DOI:
- 10.3390/agriculture9080171
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture9080171
- Author:
- Zulu, Nkosingiphile Samuel; Sibanda, Melusi; Tlali, Bokang Stephen
- Source:
- Agriculture (Basel) 2019 v.9 no.8
- ISSN:
- 2077-0472
- Subject:
- crop yield; data collection; descriptive statistics; farms; fertilizer application; growers; harvesting; input costs; labor; least squares; paraquat; private sector; production functions; purchasing; questionnaires; sugarcane; South Africa
- Abstract:
- ... Sugarcane is an important crop worldwide due to its many nutritional and economic uses. Small-scale sugarcane growers (SSGs) are a significant sector of sugarcane production in South Africa. However, the number of SSGs is noted to have declined from as early as the 2000s to the present time. As a result of the declining sugarcane production, there are now generally fewer SSGs. However, it is not c ...
- DOI:
- 10.3390/agriculture9080170
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture9080170
- Author:
- Raheem, Dele; Shishaev, Maxim; Dikovitsky, Vladimir
- Source:
- Agriculture (Basel) 2019 v.9 no.8
- ISSN:
- 2077-0472
- Subject:
- food industry; food processing; growers; humans; infrastructure; local food systems; monitoring; nutrition; traditional foods
- Abstract:
- ... The consumption of food and its safety are important for human security. In this paper, we reviewed the literature on future possibilities for transforming the food system through digital solutions in the Barents region. Such digital solutions will make food business operators more efficient, sustainable, and transparent. Developing cross-border infrastructures for digitalization in the region wil ...
- DOI:
- 10.3390/agriculture9080168
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture9080168
- Author:
- Ilham, Barakat; Noureddine, Chtaina; Philippe, Grappin; Mohammed, El Guilli; Brahim, Ezzahiri; Sophie, Aligon; Martine, Neveu; Muriel, Marchi
- Source:
- Agriculture (Basel) 2019 v.9 no.8
- ISSN:
- 2077-0472
- Subject:
- Arabidopsis thaliana; Bacillus amyloliquefaciens; Trichoderma harzianum; acibenzolar-S-methyl; antagonists; bacteria; elicitors; fungi; genetically modified organisms; jasmonic acid; methyl jasmonate; models; mutants; salicylic acid; seed treatment; systemic acquired resistance
- Abstract:
- ... The Trichoderma fungal species and the bacteria Bacillus species were described as inducers of plant systemic resistance in relation to their antagonistic activity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of selected strains of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (I3) and Trichoderma harzianum (A) on inducing systemic resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana as a model for plant molecular genetics ...
- DOI:
- 10.3390/agriculture9080166
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture9080166
- Author:
- Kakar, Kifayatullah; Xuan, Tran Dang; Abdiani, Saidajan; Wafa, Imran Khan; Noori, Zubair; Attai, Shakeib; Khanh, Tran Dang; Tran, Hoang-Dung
- Source:
- Agriculture (Basel) 2019 v.9 no.8
- ISSN:
- 2077-0472
- Subject:
- 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl; amyloplasts; amylose; antioxidant activity; grain quality; grain yield; hills; hulling; lipids; nutritive value; panicles; protein bodies; protein content; rice; scanning electron microscopy; staple foods; taste; Afghanistan
- Abstract:
- ... Rice is an important staple food for Afghans. Its production has been increased, and attention is needed to improve grain quality. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the growth, yield, physicochemical properties, antioxidant activity, and morphological structures of four exotic rice varieties widely grown in Afghanistan (Attai-1, Jalalabad-14, Shishambagh-14, and Zodrass). Antioxidant activiti ...
- DOI:
- 10.3390/agriculture9080167
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture9080167
- Author:
- Scordia, Danilo; Cosentino, Salvatore Luciano
- Source:
- Agriculture (Basel) 2019 v.9 no.8
- ISSN:
- 2077-0472
- Subject:
- biomass production; biotransformation; breeding; climate; crops; developmental stages; ecosystem services; energy; environmental factors; environmental sustainability; feedstocks; genotype; grasses; lignocellulose; perennials; renewable energy sources; rural areas; socioeconomics; uncertainty; viability
- Abstract:
- ... This review describes the multiple utilization of perennial grasses as resilient crops for a multifunctional agriculture. Beyond its role of producing food, feed and fiber, the concept of multifunctional agriculture includes many other functions, such as ecosystem services, renewable energy production and a contribution to the socio-economic viability of rural areas. Traditionally used for feed, s ...
- DOI:
- 10.3390/agriculture9080169
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture9080169
- Author:
- Francioni, Matteo; D’Ottavio, Paride; Lai, Roberto; Trozzo, Laura; Budimir, Katarina; Foresi, Lucia; Kishimoto-Mo, Ayaka Wenhong; Baldoni, Nora; Allegrezza, Marina; Tesei, Giulio; Toderi, Marco
- Source:
- Agriculture (Basel) 2019 v.9 no.8
- ISSN:
- 2077-0472
- Subject:
- Triticum turgidum subsp. dicoccon; arable soils; carbon; carbon sinks; crop year; ecosystem services; land use change; landscapes; lentils; permanent grasslands; seasonal variation; soil carbon; soil erosion; soil respiration; soil temperature; Italy
- Abstract:
- ... Permanent grasslands provide a wide array of ecosystem services. Despite this, few studies have investigated grassland carbon (C) dynamics, and especially those related to the effects of land-use changes. This study aimed to determine whether the land-use change from permanent grassland to arable lands resulted in variations in the soil C stock, and whether such variations were due to increased so ...
- DOI:
- 10.3390/agriculture9080165
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture9080165