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1. Effect of Biostimulants on Apple Quality at Harvest and After Storage

Author:
Soppelsa, Sebastian; Kelderer, Markus; Testolin, Raffaele; Zanotelli, Damiano; Andreotti, Carlo
Source:
Agronomy 2020 v.10 no.8
ISSN:
2073-4395
Subject:
Malus domestica; anthocyanins; apples; calcium; calcium chloride; calcium deficiency; canopy; color; disease susceptibility; etiological agents; foliar application; fruit diseases; fruits; management systems; manganese; nutrients; orchards; phenolic compounds; plant extracts; postharvest diseases; silicon; storage time; zinc
Abstract:
... Nutritional unbalances, such as calcium deficiency at the fruit level, are generally the causative agent of post-harvest disorders in apples. Foliar application of Ca as calcium chloride is the current solution to increase Ca concentration in apples, even though the effectiveness of this approach is often not satisfactory. In this research, we tested the efficacy of a combined application of Ca wi ...
DOI:
10.3390/agronomy10081214

2. Effect of N Fertilization on the Content of Phenolic Compounds in Jerusalem Artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) Tubers and Their Antioxidant Capacity

Author:
Amarowicz, Ryszard; Cwalina-Ambroziak, Bożena; Janiak, Michał A.; Bogucka, Bożena
Source:
Agronomy 2020 v.10 no.8
ISSN:
2073-4395
Subject:
2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl; Helianthus tuberosus; Jerusalem artichokes; antioxidant activity; caffeic acid; chlorogenic acid; cultivars; fertilizer application; high performance liquid chromatography; nitrogen; nitrogen fertilizers; statistical analysis; sulfonic acids; tubers
Abstract:
... Three cultivars of Jerusalem artichoke Albik, Rubik and Gute Gelbe were grown under different nitrogen fertilization regimens: 0, 80 and 120 kg N·ha⁻¹. Phenolic compounds were extracted from tubers using 80% (v/v) methanol. The total phenolics were determined with the Folin–Ciocâlteu reagent and antioxidant activity was assessed using the ABTS (2,2’-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid ...
DOI:
10.3390/agronomy10081215

3. Husk Leaf Senescence Characteristics of Spring Maize (Zea mays L.) Cultivated in Two Row Directions and Three Plant Spacings in Northeast China

Author:
Liu, Shengqun; Gu, Yan; Wang, Xiaobo; Li, Xiangnan; Wang, Yang
Source:
Agronomy 2020 v.10 no.8
ISSN:
2073-4395
Subject:
Zea mays; abscisic acid; catalase; chlorophyll; corn; corn ears; enzyme activity; leaves; superoxide dismutase; China
Abstract:
... Row direction and plant spacing influence crop senescence. An experiment was conducted to analyze the effect of row direction and plant spacing on the husk leaf senescence. Physiological indicators related to husk leaf senescence at days after silking (DAS) 12, 22, and 40 were investigated under two row directions (east to west and south to north, abbreviated as EW and SN, respectively) and three ...
DOI:
10.3390/agronomy10081216

4. Regulation of Agronomic Traits, Nutrient Uptake, Osmolytes and Antioxidants of Maize as Influenced by Exogenous Potassium Silicate under Deficit Irrigation and Semiarid Conditions

Author:
Ibrahim, Mohamed F. M.; Abd El-Samad, Gomaa; Ashour, Hatem; El-Sawy, Ahmed M.; Hikal, Mohamed; Elkelish, Amr; El-Gawad, Hany Abd; El-Yazied, Ahmed Abou; Hozzein, Wael N.; Farag, Reham
Source:
Agronomy 2020 v.10 no.8
ISSN:
2073-4395
Subject:
Zea mays; agronomic traits; antioxidants; ascorbate peroxidase; ascorbic acid; biochemical pathways; calcium; carotenoids; catalase; catechol oxidase; corn; deficit irrigation; foliar application; grain yield; iron; irrigation rates; leaf area index; malondialdehyde; microirrigation; nitrogen; nutrient uptake; nutrients; peroxidase; phosphorus; polyphenols; potassium; potassium silicates; proline; protective effect; root shoot ratio; roots; semiarid zones; shoots; water content; water requirement; water shortages; zinc
Abstract:
... Understanding the link between the protective role of potassium silicate (K₂SiO₃) against water shortage and the eventual grain yield of maize plants is still limited under semiarid conditions. Therefore, in this study, we provide insights into the underlying metabolic responses, mineral nutrients uptake and some nonenzymatic and enzymatic antioxidants that may differ in maize plants as influenced ...
DOI:
10.3390/agronomy10081212

5. Short- and Long-Term Effects of Lime and Gypsum Applications on Acid Soils in a Water-Limited Environment: 1. Grain Yield Response and Nutrient Concentration

Author:
Anderson, Geoffrey C.; Pathan, Shahab; Easton, James; Hall, David J. M.; Sharma, Rajesh
Source:
Agronomy 2020 v.10 no.8
ISSN:
2073-4395
Subject:
Triticum aestivum; acid soils; acidity; aluminum; anions; calcium carbonate; calcium sulfate; cations; grain yield; growing season; gypsum; leaching; long term effects; manganese; molybdenum; nutrient content; phosphorus; ripping; soil compaction; soil pH; sorption; subsoil; sulfur; toxicity; wheat; zinc; Western Australia
Abstract:
... Surface (0–10 cm) and subsoil (soil layers below 10 cm) acidity and resulting aluminum (Al) toxicity reduce crop grain yields. In South Western Australia (SWA), these constraints affect 14.2 million hectares or 53% of the agricultural area. Both lime (L, CaCO₃) and gypsum (G, CaSO₄) application can decrease the toxic effect of Al, leading to an increase in crop grain yields. Within the region, it ...
DOI:
10.3390/agronomy10081213

6. Supplementary Light Source Affects Growth and Development of Carnation ‘Dreambyul’ Cuttings

Author:
Wang, Mengzhao; Xiao, Jie; Wei, Hao; Jeong, Byoung Ryong
Source:
Agronomy 2020 v.10 no.8
ISSN:
2073-4395
Subject:
Dianthus caryophyllus; biomass; carbohydrates; chlorophyll; cut flowers; cutting; floriculture crops; greenhouses; growth and development; lamps; light emitting diodes; night temperature; photons; photosynthesis; proteins; relative humidity; sodium; stomatal conductance
Abstract:
... Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) is a major floricultural crop, cultivated widely for cut flowers. This study was conducted to determine the optimal supplementary light source for the cutting propagation of carnation ‘Dreambyul’ cuttings. Terminal cuttings were propagated in a glasshouse with an average of 260 µmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹ photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) coming from the sun (the cont ...
DOI:
10.3390/agronomy10081217

7. The Effects of Alkaline Pretreatment on Agricultural Biomasses (Corn Cob and Sweet Sorghum Bagasse) and Their Hydrolysis by a Termite-Derived Enzyme Cocktail

Author:
Mafa, Mpho. S.; Malgas, Samkelo; Bhattacharya, Abhishek; Rashamuse, Konanani; Pletschke, Brett I.
Source:
Agronomy 2020 v.10 no.8
ISSN:
2073-4395
Subject:
Isoptera; Sorghum (Poaceae); alkali treatment; bagasse; biofuels; biomass; biorefining; biotransformation; calcium hydroxide; cellulose; chemical composition; corn cobs; enzymes; feedstocks; hemicellulose; hydrolysis; lignin; sodium hydroxide; sweet sorghum; value added
Abstract:
... Sweet sorghum bagasse (SSB) and corncob (CC) have been identified as promising feedstocks for the production of second-generation biofuels and other value-added chemicals. In this study, lime (Ca(OH)₂) and NaOH pretreatment efficacy for decreasing recalcitrance from SSB and CC was investigated, and subsequently, the pretreated biomass was subjected to the hydrolytic action of an in-house formulate ...
DOI:
10.3390/agronomy10081211

8. Flavonoids in Agriculture: Chemistry and Roles in, Biotic and Abiotic Stress Responses, and Microbial Associations

Author:
Shah, Ateeq; Smith, Donald L.
Source:
Agronomy 2020 v.10 no.8
ISSN:
2073-4395
Subject:
abiotic stress; allelopathy; biochemical pathways; biosynthesis; biotic stress; drought; flavonoids; global warming; homeostasis; microorganisms; plant growth; rhizosphere; salinity; secondary metabolites; stress response; temperature
Abstract:
... The current world of climate change, global warming and a constantly changing environment have made life very stressful for living entities, which has driven the evolution of biochemical processes to cope with stressed environmental and ecological conditions. As climate change conditions continue to develop, we anticipate more frequent occurrences of abiotic stresses such as drought, high temperat ...
DOI:
10.3390/agronomy10081209

9. Formosolv Pretreatment to Fractionate Paulownia Wood Following a Biorefinery Approach: Isolation and Characterization of the Lignin Fraction

Author:
Domínguez, Elena; del Río, Pablo G.; Romaní, Aloia; Garrote, Gil; Gullón, Patricia; de Vega, Alberto
Source:
Agronomy 2020 v.10 no.8
ISSN:
2073-4395
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Paulownia; biomass production; biorefining; cellulose; climatic factors; cooking; crops; delignification; depolymerization; fractionation; gel chromatography; hydrochloric acid; intercropping; lignin; lignocellulose; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; raw materials; thermogravimetry; trees; wood
Abstract:
... Paulownia is a rapid-growth tree with a high biomass production rate per year and low demand of water, which make it very suitable for intercropping systems, as it protects the crops from adverse climatic conditions, benefiting the harvest yields. Moreover, these characteristics make Paulownia a suitable raw material able to be fractionated in an integrated biorefinery scheme to obtain multiple pr ...
DOI:
10.3390/agronomy10081205

10. High-Throughput Ground Cover Classification of Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium Perenne L.) for the Estimation of Persistence in Pasture Breeding

Author:
Jayasinghe, Chinthaka; Badenhorst, Pieter; Jacobs, Joe; Spangenberg, German; Smith, Kevin
Source:
Agronomy 2020 v.10 no.8
ISSN:
2073-4395
Subject:
Lolium perenne; abiotic stress; artificial intelligence; biotic stress; breeding; breeding programs; computer software; forage grasses; multispectral imagery; pastures; plant growth; soil; sowing; sward; temperate zones; Australia; New Zealand
Abstract:
... Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) is one of the most important forage grass species in temperate regions of Australia and New Zealand. However, it can have poor persistence due to a low tolerance to both abiotic and biotic stresses. A major challenge in measuring persistence in pasture breeding is that the assessment of pasture survival depends on ranking populations based on manual ground co ...
DOI:
10.3390/agronomy10081206

11. Identification of Non-Pleiotropic Loci in Flowering and Maturity Control in Soybean

Author:
Sedivy, Eric J.; Akpertey, Abraham; Vela, Angela; Abadir, Sandra; Khan, Awais; Hanzawa, Yoshie
Source:
Agronomy 2020 v.10 no.8
ISSN:
2073-4395
Subject:
agronomic traits; ancestry; artificial selection; crops; domestication; evolution; flowering; genes; life history; loci; pleiotropy; quantitative trait loci; soybeans
Abstract:
... Pleiotropy is considered to have a significant impact on multi-trait evolution, but its roles in the evolution of domestication-related traits in crop species have been unclear. In soybean, several known quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling maturity, called the maturity loci, are known to have major effects on both flowering and maturity in a highly correlated pleiotropic manner. Aiming at th ...
DOI:
10.3390/agronomy10081204

12. Reducing Nitrate Accumulation and Fertilizer Use in Lettuce with Modified Intermittent Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) System

Author:
Tabaglio, Vincenzo; Boselli, Roberta; Fiorini, Andrea; Ganimede, Cristina; Beccari, Paolo; Santelli, Stefano; Nervo, Giuseppe
Source:
Agronomy 2020 v.10 no.8
ISSN:
2073-4395
Subject:
Lactuca sativa; autumn; biomass production; crop production; fertilizer application; greenhouse experimentation; harvesting; leaves; lettuce; nitrates; nitrogen fertilizers; nutrient film technique; nutrient solutions; peat; spring; trays
Abstract:
... Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is a leading greenhouse-grown vegetable. However, nitrate (NO₃⁻) accumulation in leaves remains a major issue. The aims of this research were: (i) to test the modified intermittent Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) in the cultivation of soilless lettuce in which plants are grown on peat blocks in trays and supplied with an intermittent flow of nutrient solution, and (ii) to ...
DOI:
10.3390/agronomy10081208

13. Supporting Beneficial Insects for Agricultural Sustainability: The Role of Livestock-Integrated Organic and Cover Cropping to Enhance Ground Beetle (Carabidae) Communities

Author:
Adhikari, Subodh; Menalled, Fabian D.
Source:
Agronomy 2020 v.10 no.8
ISSN:
2073-4395
Subject:
Carabidae; Triticum aestivum; USDA; arid lands; beneficial insects; conventional farming; cover crops; crop rotation; data analysis; ecosystem services; environmental factors; farms; insect communities; insect pests; management systems; models; multidimensional scaling; no-tillage; organic production; pitfall traps; reduced tillage; rowcrops; seeds; species richness; sustainable agriculture; weeds; winter wheat; Montana
Abstract:
... Ground beetles (Carabidae) are beneficial insects providing ecosystem services by regulating insect pests and weed seeds. Despite several studies conducted on ground beetles worldwide, there is a lack of knowledge on how these insects are affected by differently managed organic systems (e.g., tillage-based versus grazed-based) compared to that of chemical-based no-tillage conventional cropping sys ...
DOI:
10.3390/agronomy10081210

14. Virulence Screen of Beauveria Bassiana Isolates for Australian Carpophilus (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) Beetle Biocontrol

Author:
Boston, William; Leemon, Diana; Cunningham, John Paul
Source:
Agronomy 2020 v.10 no.8
ISSN:
2073-4395
Subject:
Beauveria bassiana; Carpophilus; almonds; bioassays; biological control; biopesticides; entomopathogenic fungi; fruit crops; fruits; hosts; imagos; insect larvae; integrated pest management; laboratory experimentation; mortality; nut crops; pests; plant diseases and disorders; soil treatment; stone fruits; virulence; Australia
Abstract:
... Carpophilus beetles are serious pests of Australian fruit and nut crops, causing significant damage through adult and larval feeding and vectoring plant diseases. Six strains of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana ((Balsamo) Vuillemin; Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae), isolated from a range of hosts in Australia, together with one commercial strain, were screened for virulence to adult and ...
DOI:
10.3390/agronomy10081207

15. Effect of Plant Biostimulants on Macronutrient Content in Early Crop Potato Tubers

Author:
Dziugieł, Tomasz; Wadas, Wanda
Source:
Agronomy 2020 v.10 no.8
ISSN:
2073-4395
Subject:
Ascophyllum nodosum; Ecklonia; Luvisols; Solanum tuberosum; calcium; cultivars; field experimentation; foliar application; fulvic acids; growing season; magnesium; phosphorus; phosphorus content; plant extracts; planting; potassium; potatoes; sodium; tubers; Poland
Abstract:
... This paper analyzes the effects of the foliar application of the seaweed extracts Bio-algeen S90 (Ascophyllum nodosum) and Kelpak SL (Ecklonia maxima), as well as the humic and fulvic acids in HumiPlant (leonardite extract) on the macronutrient content in tubers of very early potato cultivars (‘Denar’, ‘Lord’, ‘Miłek’) and their ionic ratios. The field experiment was carried out in central-eastern ...
DOI:
10.3390/agronomy10081202

16. Plant Yield Efficiency by Homeostasis as Selection Tool at Ultra-Low Density. A Comparative Study with Common Stability Measures in Maize

Author:
Sinapidou, Evaggelia; Pankou, Chrysanthi; Gekas, Fotakis; Sistanis, Iosif; Tzantarmas, Constantinos; Tokamani, Maria; Mylonas, Ioannis; Papadopoulos, Ioannis; Kargiotidou, Anastasia; Ninou, Elissavet; Papathanasiou, Fokion; Sandaltzopoulos, Raphael; Tokatlidis, Ioannis S.
Source:
Agronomy 2020 v.10 no.8
ISSN:
2073-4395
Subject:
Zea mays; breeding; comparative study; corn; crop yield; field experimentation; genotype; homeostasis; hybrids; immunologic factors; nutritional status; phenotype; plant density; prognosis; statistics
Abstract:
... The study pertains to field experimentation testing seven maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids at four densities, across five locations under normal (NIR) and low-input (LIR) regimes. The main objective was to assess the prognostic value of plant yield efficiency by homeostasis (PYEH) for breeding purposes at ultra-low plant density to predict hybrid yield potential and stability. PYEH comprises plant yiel ...
DOI:
10.3390/agronomy10081203

17. The Influence of Red Light (RL) and Effective Microorganism (EM) Application on Soil Properties, Yield, and Quality in Wheat Cultivation

Author:
Szymanek, Mariusz; Dziwulska-Hunek, Agata; Zarajczyk, Janusz; Michałek, Sławomir; Tanaś, Wojciech
Source:
Agronomy 2020 v.10 no.8
ISSN:
2073-4395
Subject:
Triticum; beneficial microorganisms; field experimentation; gluten; grain yield; heavy metals; humus; nutrients; protein content; red light; seed germination; soil pH; starch; straw; wheat; Poland
Abstract:
... The aim of the study was to determine the impact of red light (RL) and effective microorganisms (EMs) on the wheat yield of grain and straw, as well as the quality (protein, carbohydrates, gluten, index of sedimentation (SDS index), germination capacity). Moreover, the experiments measured the granulometric composition and pH of soil, as well as its content of microelements and major nutrients, in ...
DOI:
10.3390/agronomy10081201

18. Comparison of Two Inoculation Methods of Endophytic Bacteria to Enhance Phytodegradation Efficacy of an Aged Petroleum Hydrocarbons Polluted Soil

Author:
Pawlik, Małgorzata; Płociniczak, Tomasz; Thijs, Sofie; Pintelon, Isabel; Vangronsveld, Jaco; Piotrowska-Seget, Zofia
Source:
Agronomy 2020 v.10 no.8
ISSN:
2073-4395
Subject:
Lolium perenne; Rhizobium; Rhodococcus erythropolis; bacteria; caryopsis; cost effectiveness; endophytes; hydrocarbons; petroleum; phytoremediation; polluted soils; roots; shoots; soil inoculation
Abstract:
... Endophyte-enhanced phytodegradation is a promising technology to clean up polluted soils. To improve the success rate of this nature-based remediation approach, it is important to advance the inoculation method as this has been shown to strongly affect the final outcome. However, studies evaluating inoculation strategies and their effect on hydrocarbon degradation are limited. This study aims to i ...
DOI:
10.3390/agronomy10081196

19. Effects of Morphological and Anatomical Characteristics of Banana Crown Vascular Bundles on Cutting Mechanical Properties Using Multiple Imaging Methods

Author:
Zhao, Lei; Yang, Haijun; Xie, Heng; Duan, Jieli; Jin, Mohui; Fu, Han; Guo, Jie; Xu, Zeyu; Jiang, Tingting; Yang, Zhou
Source:
Agronomy 2020 v.10 no.8
ISSN:
2073-4395
Subject:
bananas; computed tomography; cutting; energy use and consumption; image analysis; mechanical properties; mechanization; scanning electron microscopy; vascular bundles
Abstract:
... To obtain the appropriate mechanized cutting region for banana dehanding, the methods of X-ray Computed Tomography (CT), Paraffin-embedded tissue section, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were adopted to observe the morphological and anatomical characteristics of vascular bundles of the banana crown. The results indicated that the crown can be divided into three regions, viz., the central st ...
DOI:
10.3390/agronomy10081199

20. Efficiencies of Heterotic Grouping Methods for Classifying Early Maturing Maize Inbred Lines

Author:
Oyetunde, Oyeboade Adebiyi; Badu-Apraku, Baffour; Ariyo, Omolayo Johnson; Alake, Christopher Olusanya
Source:
Agronomy 2020 v.10 no.8
ISSN:
2073-4395
Subject:
Striga; Zea mays; additive gene effects; breeding programs; corn; drought; drought tolerance; general combining ability; genetic distance; germplasm; grain yield; heterosis; hybridization; hybrids; inbred lines; inbreeding; inheritance (genetics); planning; specific combining ability
Abstract:
... The success of a hybrid breeding program is dependent on available heterotic patterns for exploitation of grain-yield heterosis. The efficiency of the assignment of germplasm lines into heterotic groups is a prerequisite for obtaining useful heterotic patterns among germplasm lines. A total of 256 maize hybrids, comprising 244 top crosses, six diallel cross hybrids, and six checks, were grown unde ...
DOI:
10.3390/agronomy10081198