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You searched for: Journal name Agronomy journal Remove constraint Journal name: Agronomy journal Publication year rev 8007-1993 Remove constraint Publication year rev: 8007-1993 Subject term crop yield Remove constraint Subject term: crop yield Text availability Citation in PubAg Remove constraint Text availability: Citation in PubAg
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1. A Crop-Specific Drought Index for Corn: II. Application in Drought Monitoring and Assessment

Author:
Steven J. Meyer; Kenneth G. Hubbard; Donald A. Wilhite
Source:
Agronomy journal 1993 v.85 no.2 pp. 396-399
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
Zea mays; drought; monitoring; crop yield; administrative management; Nebraska
Abstract:
... How drought is perceived, and defined, determines the likely response of decision makers to a drought event. Since drought response is usually based on some type of assessment of the severity and duration of the event, a critical element of a drought response strategy lies in the incorporation of objective and reliable impact assessment techniques. However, a long-standing problem in responding to ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1993.00021962008500020041x

2. A Sunflower Simulation Model: I. Model Development

Author:
Scott C. Chapman; Graeme L. Hammer; Holger Meinke
Source:
Agronomy journal 1993 v.85 no.3 pp. 725-735
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
simulation models; Helianthus annuus; plant development; dry environmental conditions; phenology; dry matter accumulation; growth models; crop yield; decision making; prediction
Abstract:
... In dryland farming systems, opportunities to improve sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) yields are mostly associated with management decisions made at planting. Dynamic crop simulation models can assist in making such decisions. This study reports the structure of QSUN, a simple and mechanistic crop model for sunflower, and how it accounts for the dynamic interaction of the crop with the soil and ae ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1993.00021962008500030038x

3. A Sunflower Simulation Model: II. Simulating Production Risks in a Variable Sub-Tropical Environment

Author:
Holger Meinke; Graeme L. Hammer; Scott C. Chapman
Source:
Agronomy journal 1993 v.85 no.3 pp. 735-742
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
simulation models; Helianthus annuus; sowing date; tropics; subtropics; growth models; crop yield; seasonal variation; climatic factors; decision making; prediction; Queensland
Abstract:
... In highly variable environments, farmers require quantitative information on production risk to make well informed farming decisions. In many cases this can only be achieved through simulation studies. Thus, the dynamic sunflower (Helianthus annuus L) model QSUN was used, in conjunction with long-term climate records, to quantify the impact of climatic variability on production. Simulation results ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1993.00021962008500030039x

4. Accounting for Spatial Yield Variability in Field Experiments Increases Statistical Power

Author:
Peter C. Scharf; Marcus M. Alley
Source:
Agronomy journal 1993 v.85 no.6 pp. 1254-1256
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
application timing; autumn; analysis of variance; soil heterogeneity; crop yield; Triticum aestivum; winter wheat; nitrogen fertilizers; Virginia
Abstract:
... Parametric statistical techniques evaluate treatment significance in field experiments by comparing variability attributed to treatments to variability attributed to random error. In many experiments, a considerable amount of the variability attributed to random error is actually due to large-scale soil variability that cannot be accounted for by blocking. This variability can, in part, be account ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1993.00021962008500060029x

5. Accumulation and Redistribution of Dry Matter and Nitrogen by Spring Barley

Author:
Patrick Bulman; Donald L. Smith
Source:
Agronomy journal 1993 v.85 no.6 pp. 1114-1121
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
feed grains; cultivars; application timing; forage crops; nitrogen content; clay soils; Hordeum vulgare; application methods; developmental stages; nutrient uptake; spring; crop yield; protein content; dry matter partitioning; application rate; nitrogen fertilizers; Canada
Abstract:
... The grain protein content of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is derived from the retranslocation of vegetative N, as well as from the continued uptake and assimilation of N during grain filling. Field trials were conducted at the E.A. Lods Agronomy Research Centre of McGill University on a a Bearbrook soil (fine, mixed, nonacid, frigid Humaquept) to study the effects of fertilizer N on grain and total ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1993.00021962008500060004x

6. Agronomic Practices that Affect Corn Kernel Characteristics

Author:
M. Ahmadi; W. J. Wiebold; J. E. Beuerlein; D. J. Eckert; J. Schoper
Source:
Agronomy journal 1993 v.85 no.3 pp. 615-619
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
Zea mays; plant density; crop yield; seeds; nitrogen content; hardness; seed quality; sowing date; grains; Ohio
Abstract:
... Agronomic practices affect corn (Zea mays L.) grain yield and may affect physical and chemical characteristics of corn kernels. These characteristics affect feed, food, and industrial uses of corn grain. Four field experiments consisting of planting date and population combinations were conducted to determine the effect of these agronomic practices on grain yield, kernel N concentration, and kerne ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1993.00021962008500030018x

7. Application Placement and Timing of Nitrogen Solution for No-Till Corn

Author:
J. A. Stecker; D. D. Buchholz; R. G. Hanson; N. C. Wollenhaupt; K. A. McVay
Source:
Agronomy journal 1993 v.85 no.3 pp. 645-650
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
Zea mays; no-tillage; urea fertilizers; nutrient solutions; preplanting treatment; soil injection; crop yield; nutrient uptake; nitrogen; leaves; losses from soil; volatilization; application timing; application rate; grains; Missouri
Abstract:
... Fertilizing no-till corn (Zea mays L.) with urea-based N sources requires managing for N losses such as immobilization and NH₃ volatilization. In this study the interactive effects of fertilizer N application time and placement method were evaluated by applying urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) solution to no-till corn. Eight site-years of data were collected from sites in central, northeast, and northw ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1993.00021962008500030023x

8. Available Water and Nitrogen Effects on Yield Components and Grain Nitrogen of Zero-Till Spring Wheat

Author:
C. A. Campbell; F Selles; R. P. Zentner; B. G. McConkey
Source:
Agronomy journal 1993 v.85 no.1 pp. 114-120
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
mathematical models; application timing; nitrogen content; no-tillage; fertilizer requirements; nutrient uptake; wheat straw; growth models; Triticum aestivum; yield components; grains; application rate; prediction; nitrogen fertilizers; Saskatchewan
Abstract:
... Straw yield is important in soil conservation and nutrient cycling. Grain N concentration is of economic importance, and variations in yield components can be used to improve our understanding of grain yield response to environmental stimuli. Therefore, quantifying these responses in relation to soil water and N fertility is of considerable importance. A 9-yr study was conducted in southwestern Sa ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1993.00021962008500010022x

9. Barley Performance under Heavy Applications of Cattle Feedlot Manure

Author:
C. Chang; T. G. Sommerfeldt; T. Entz
Source:
Agronomy journal 1993 v.85 no.5 pp. 1013-1018
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
Hordeum vulgare; cattle manure; waste utilization; clay loam soils; tillage; crop yield; irrigated conditions; dry environmental conditions; soil pollution; water pollution; application rate; application timing; grains; Alberta
Abstract:
... Approximately 4800 cattle feedlots currently operate in Alberta, Canada. The large amount of manure produced annually creates disposal problems for feedlot operators. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of long-term annual manure application on barley (Hordeum vulgore L.) performance grown on clay loam soil (Dark Brown Chernozemic, Typic Haploboroll) near Lethbridge, AB. ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1993.00021962008500050011x

10. Broadcast Nitrogen Sources for No-Till Continuous Corn and Corn Following Soybean

Author:
J. A. Stecker; D. D. Buchholz; R. G. Hanson; N. C. Wollenhaupt; K. A. McVay
Source:
Agronomy journal 1993 v.85 no.4 pp. 893-897
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
Zea mays; continuous cropping; crop rotation; Glycine max; no-tillage; urea fertilizers; rain; crop yield; ammonium thiosulfate; urease inhibitors; application rate; grains; ammonium nitrate; Missouri
Abstract:
... Studies evaluating surface broadcast urea-based N sources in no-till corn (Zea mays L.) have been primarily conducted with continuous corn. Most corn grown in Missouri follows soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Our objective was to evaluate no-till, continuous corn and corn following soybean response to surface applied ammonium nitrate (AN) and urea-based N sources. Field studies were conducted at ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1993.00021962008500040021x

11. CARICE: A Rice Model for Scheduling and Evaluating Management Actions

Author:
Baird C. Miller; Theodore C. Foin; James E. Hill
Source:
Agronomy journal 1993 v.85 no.4 pp. 938-947
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
plant development; simulation models; Oryza sativa; phenology; growth models; yield components; decision making
Abstract:
... Crop growth modeling can be useful in crop management, but previous rice crop models lack the morphologically accurate phenological detail needed for practical application. We designed a rice crop management model, CARICE, for scheduling management actions on the farm and evaluating consequences of alternative management strategies. A simple rice crop productivity model was expanded to include (i) ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1993.00021962008500040028x

12. Cation and Nitrate Leaching in an Oxisol of the Brazilian Amazon

Author:
M. D. Cahn; D. R. Bouldin; M. S. Cravo; W. T. Bowen
Source:
Agronomy journal 1993 v.85 no.2 pp. 334-340
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
Oxisols; nitrate nitrogen; leaching; Zea mays; crop yield; Canavalia ensiformis; Mucuna pruriens var. utilis; urea; soil fertility; topsoil; acidification; cations; calcium; magnesium; potassium; losses from soil; humid tropics; Brazil
Abstract:
... High rates of N fertilizers are often necessary to achieve yield goals in the humid tropics, where subsoil acidity prevents deep crop rooting. However, leaching of fertilizer nitrate may accelerate the leaching of bases from the crop rooting zone, leading to an acidification of the topsoil and a reduction in crop yields. Our ojective was to investigate the influence of urea and legume green manure ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1993.00021962008500020032x

13. Comparison of Foliar and Preplant Applied Nitrogen Fertilizer for Sugar Beet

Author:
J. A. Lamb; J. T. Moraghan
Source:
Agronomy journal 1993 v.85 no.2 pp. 290-295
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
Beta vulgaris; urea; urea ammonium nitrate; soil treatment; soil depth; foliar application; nitrate nitrogen; soil fertility; nutrient deficiencies; nutrient uptake; crop yield; beets; sugar beet; dryland farming; application rate; Minnesota
Abstract:
... Leaf canopies of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) grown in the Red River Valley of Minnesota and North Dakota sometimes display midseason (July) symptoms of N deficiency. The influence of in-season foliar N applications on sugar beet grown under non-irrigated conditions on a Wheatville loam (coarse silty over clayey, frigid Aeric Calciaquoll) with low and medium levels of soil N fertility was studied ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1993.00021962008500020024x

14. Comparison of Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Other Soil Nitrogen Availability Quick Tests for Corn

Author:
Richard H. Fox; John S. Shenk; William P. Piekielek; Mark O. Westerhaus; John D. Toth; Kirsten E. Macneal
Source:
Agronomy journal 1993 v.85 no.5 pp. 1049-1053
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
mathematical models; Zea mays; sampling; fertilizer requirements; nitrogen; nutrient availability; crop yield; grains; infrared spectroscopy; soil test values; nitrogen fertilizers; prediction; Pennsylvania
Abstract:
... Our ability to predict N fertilizer needs for corn (Zea mays L.) is improving, but more accurate and convenient tests are still needed. This work compared a new quick test for soil N availability using a near-infrared spectrophotometer (NIRS) with three published quick tests for predicting soil N-supplying capability (NSC) and relative corn grain yield. The other tests were the pre-sidedress nitra ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1993.00021962008500050017x

15. Contribution of Bean Morphological Characteristics to Weed Suppression

Author:
Charles S. Wortmann
Source:
Agronomy journal 1993 v.85 no.4 pp. 840-843
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
weed control; seeds; leaf area index; dry matter accumulation; Phaseolus vulgaris; agronomic traits; crop yield; genotype; crop-weed competition; plant morphology; selection criteria; leaves; Uganda
Abstract:
... Weed control has a high labor requirement in small-scale bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) production systems in eastern Africa, and productivity of these systems often is constrained by labor availability at weeding times. This study was conducted to determine which morphological characteristics of bean contribute to weed suppression and to assess the feasibility of breeding genotypes for improved abi ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1993.00021962008500040012x

16. Corn Growth Following Cover Crops: Influence of Cereal Cultivar, Cereal Removal, and Nitrogen Rate

Author:
M. Tollenaar; M. Mihajlovic; T. J. Vyn
Source:
Agronomy journal 1993 v.85 no.2 pp. 251-255
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
water content; height; plant characteristics; Zea mays; cover crops; double cropping; Secale cereale; cultivars; Triticum aestivum; crop residues; nitrogen fertilizers; dry matter accumulation; crop yield; application rate; biomass production; Ontario
Abstract:
... Rye (Secale cereale L.) cover crops often delay development and reduce yield of corn (Zea mays L.). A 3-yr study (1982-1984) conducted to investigate the influence of four rye cultivars and one wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar, rate of N application in the spring, and removal of above-ground cereal phytomass on growth and development of corn. Experiments were carried out at the Elora Research ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1993.00021962008500020017x

17. Corn-Soybean Rotation Effects on Soil Water Depletion

Author:
P. J. Copeland; R. R. Allmaras; R. K. Crookston; W. W. Nelson
Source:
Agronomy journal 1993 v.85 no.2 pp. 203-210
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
Zea mays; Glycine max; evapotranspiration; soil water content; water use efficiency; crop yield; continuous cropping; crop rotation; Minnesota
Abstract:
... The positive yield effect of crop rotation may be linked to enhanced water uptake and associated efficient use. We hypothesized that a crop grown in rotation might deplete soil water more than the same crop grown under monocultnre because some negative factor associated with monoculture was alleviated. Water use efficiency (WUE) might also be improved by rotation. The objective of our study was to ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1993.00021962008500020008x

18. Crimson Clover Management to Enhance Reseeding and No-Till Corn Grain Production

Author:
N. N. Ranells; M. G. Wagger
Source:
Agronomy journal 1993 v.85 no.1 pp. 62-67
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
Zea mays; cover crops; Trifolium incarnatum; no-tillage; strip cropping; crop yield; soil water content; grains
Abstract:
... Economic savings and increased legume-N use efficiency may result from natural reseeding of winter annual legume cover crops. A 3-yr experiment was conducted on a Cecil fine sandy loam (clayey, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Kanhapludult) to examine the effects of crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.) strip desiccation width (25, 50, and 75% of row area) and orientation (parallel or perpendicular to ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1993.00021962008500010014x

19. Crop Performance Trials under Irrigated and Dryland Conditions

Author:
Daryl Bowman; Paul Raymer; Don Dombeck
Source:
Agronomy journal 1993 v.85 no.3 pp. 610-614
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
Zea mays; Glycine max; irrigated conditions; dry environmental conditions; cultivars; hybrids; water stress; genotype-environment interaction; genetic variation; variety trials; crop yield; North Carolina; Georgia
Abstract:
... Corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] performance trials are sometimes conducted under both irrigated and dryland conditions in the southeastern USA. It is not known whether irrigated trials are better trials statistically or if irrigation causes relative rank changes in hybrid or cultivar performance. To answer these questions, corn data were examined from four different environ ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1993.00021962008500030017x

20. Defoliation and Plant Density Effects on Maize Selected for Reduced Plant Height

Author:
G. O. Edmeades; H. R. Lafitte
Source:
Agronomy journal 1993 v.85 no.4 pp. 850-857
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
cultivars; Zea mays; flowering; tropical and subtropical crops; filling period; carbohydrate metabolism; stress response; carbohydrates; plant characteristics; recurrent selection; height; yield components; defoliation; grains; chemical constituents of plants; Mexico
Abstract:
... Selection for reduced plant height in maize (Zea mays L.) has been accompanied by a reduction in stem volume and in stem nonstructural carbohydrate (SNSC) reserves, which may result in increased instability of grain yield when plants are exposed to stress during grain filling. This possibility was examined when cycles 0, 6, 12, and 18 of a tropical maize population selected recurrently for reduced ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1993.00021962008500040014x

21. Delayed Seeding of Alfalfa Avoids Autotoxicity after Plowing or Glyphosate Treatment of Established Stands

Author:
Milo B. Tesar
Source:
Agronomy journal 1993 v.85 no.2 pp. 256-263
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
Medicago sativa; allelopathy; phytotoxicity; continuous cropping; sowing; plowing; glyphosate; Poa pratensis; Zea mays; fallow; seedlings; density; crop yield; Michigan
Abstract:
... Re-establishment of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L) has often been unsuccessful because of autotoxic effects of the crop on seedlings. This study was conducted at East Lansing, MI on an Udallic Ochraqualfs, fine loamy, mixed, mesic soil. The first objective was to determine the days required to eliminate autotoxic effects for 1-, 4-, and 6-yr old stands of alfalfa with 1.4 Mg ha⁻¹ dry weight of topgro ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1993.00021962008500020018x

22. Deriving Fertilizer Recommendations with a Flexible Functional Form

Author:
Gustavo E. Sain; Mario A. Jauregui
Source:
Agronomy journal 1993 v.85 no.4 pp. 934-937
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
Triticum aestivum; growth models; simulation models; climatic factors; soil test values; crop yield; economic analysis; econometric models; grains; fertilizer requirements; Argentina
Abstract:
... General fertilizer response models are useful to derive robust recommendations for farmers who face different circumstances. This paper shows that a flexible functional form such as the transcendental can be applied to develop both agronomically and economically sound recommendation tables using a set of soil test, climate, and management variables. Data from thirty-eight experiments on wheat resp ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1993.00021962008500040027x

23. Development of Double-Crop Soybean under Different Soil Water Regimes

Author:
R. C. Pearce; L. J. Grabau; J. H. Grove; H. Lin
Source:
Agronomy journal 1993 v.85 no.3 pp. 576-583
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
Glycine max; double cropping; Triticum aestivum; soil water content; crop yield; seeds; rain; dry environmental conditions; water stress; drought; sowing date; Kentucky
Abstract:
... Double-crop soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] comprises nearly one-third of the total soybean hectarage in the southeasteirn USA. This study was initiated to investigate the water relations of soybean following winter wheat [Triticum aestivum (L.) emend. Thcll], with emphasis on the role of stored soil water. A treatment scheme was devised in which wheat was killed at heading, mid-grain fill, and m ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1993.00021962008500030011x

24. Development of Soybean Fresh and Dry Weight Relationships for Real Time Model Calibration

Author:
A. Kenig; J.W. Mishoe; K.J. Boote; P.W. Cook; D.C. Reicosky; W.T. Pettigrew; H.F. Hodges
Source:
Agronomy journal 1993 v.85 no.1 pp. 140-146
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
Glycine max; growth models; calibration; phenology; crop yield; dry matter accumulation; vegetative growth; sexual reproduction; environmental factors; mathematical models
Abstract:
... Measurements of dry weight and crop phenology are normally used to validate comprehensive growth models. To reduce this requirement in applications such as large area yield forecasting, the present research was conducted to study the change of dry matter concentration (ratio of dry weight to fresh weight) of the vegetative and reproductive plant components of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. The ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1993.00021962008500010026x

25. Differentiating Chloride Susceptibility in Soybean Cultivars

Author:
J. Yang; R. W. Blanchar
Source:
Agronomy journal 1993 v.85 no.4 pp. 880-885
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
Glycine max; cultivars; chlorine; phytotoxicity; fertilizer injury; potassium chloride; screening; nutrient uptake; leaves; seeds; crop yield; crop quality; varietal resistance; Missouri
Abstract:
... Fertilization with KCl can induce a Cl toxicity that decreases the yield of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. The objective of this study was to see if Cl toxicity can be avoided by selecting cultivars that take up less Cl from the soil. Sixty soybean cultivars, 12 each from Maturity Groups II, III, IV, V, and VI were grown on a Mexico silt loam (fine, montmorillonitic, mesic Udollic Ochraqualf) w ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1993.00021962008500040019x

26. Dry Matter Production, Yield, and Allocation of Carbon-14 Assimilates by Wheat as Affected by Nitrogen Source and Salinity

Author:
M. A. Botella; A. C. Cerdá; S. H. Lips
Source:
Agronomy journal 1993 v.85 no.5 pp. 1044-1049
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
source-sink relationships; salt tolerance; filling period; arid zones; calcium nitrate; fertilizer requirements; water quality; salinity; dry matter accumulation; translocation (plant physiology); Triticum aestivum; sodium chloride; yield components; grains; saline water; ammonium sulfate; saline soils; stable isotopes; nitrogen fertilizers
Abstract:
... Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) growth is affected by both salinity and the type of N fed to the plants. The objective of this research was to determine the effect of salinity applied at different stages of the life cycle of wheat plants supplied with either NH₄ or NO₃ on growth, yield, and translocation of photosynthates. Plants were grown in sand culture irrigated with nutrient solution until matur ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1993.00021962008500050016x

27. Dynamics of Soybean Growth in Variable Planting Patterns

Author:
Randy Wells
Source:
Agronomy journal 1993 v.85 no.1 pp. 44-48
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
Glycine max; population density; row spacing; leaf area; net assimilation rate; dry matter accumulation; crop yield; seeds; North Carolina
Abstract:
... Reported soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] yield responses to variable plant populations have been inconsistent. The varied responses are tied to the capacity of the plant stand to attain a minimal level of dry matter prior to reproductive growth. This study examined soybean growth expressed as functions of both plant and ground area to identify associations with yielding ability. Treatments consis ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1993.00021962008500010009x

28. Effect of Nitrogen and Harvest Grain Moisture on Head Rice Yield

Author:
Sakda Jongkaewwattana; Shu Geng; Marlin D. Brandon; James E. Hill
Source:
Agronomy journal 1993 v.85 no.6 pp. 1143-1146
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
water content; Oryza sativa; cultivars; nitrogen fertilizers; crop yield; milling quality; application rate; California
Abstract:
... In rice (Oryza sativa L.) production, both grain yield and milling quality play an important role in determining the grower's income. Nitrogen input is essential in maintaining a desirable yield, but its effect on rice milling quality is less clear. This study examined optimal N input for rice milling quality and the combined effect of N and grain moisture at harvest on both grain yield and head r ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1993.00021962008500060009x

29. Endophyte Effects on Growth and Persistence of Tall Fescue along a Water-Supply Gradient

Author:
C. P. West; E. Izekor; K. E. Turner; A. A. Elmi
Source:
Agronomy journal 1993 v.85 no.2 pp. 264-270
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
endophytes; Festuca arundinacea; Epichloe coenophiala; irrigated conditions; drought tolerance; drought; forage; yield components; tillers; Arkansas
Abstract:
... Ecophysiology of the endophyte (Acremonium coenophialum Morgan-Jones and Gams)-tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) association needs to be understood in order to promote environmental fitness traits of the association while reducing its deleterious effects on ruminants. Our objective was to determine the influence of endophyte on drought stress tolerance, persistence, and yield components of ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1993.00021962008500020019x

30. Estimating Spatial Variation in Analysis of Data from Yield Trials: A Comparison of Methods

Author:
Cavell Brownie; Daryl T. Bowman; Joe W. Burton
Source:
Agronomy journal 1993 v.85 no.6 pp. 1244-1253
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
Zea mays; Glycine max; crop yield; statistical analysis; spatial variation; soil fertility; accuracy; models
Abstract:
... In large yield trials, variation in soil fertility (or, more generally, yield potential) can result in substantial heterogeneity within blocks and, thus, poor precision in treatment estimates. Precision may be improved using statistical analyses in which this spatial variation is accounted for in estimation of treatment or entry means. Three such types of spatial analysis are trend analysis, the P ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1993.00021962008500060028x

31. Evaluation of the Nitrogen Fertilizer Value of Plant Materials to Spring Wheat Production

Author:
R. L. Mahler; H. Hermamda
Source:
Agronomy journal 1993 v.85 no.2 pp. 305-309
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
Triticum aestivum; green manures; Pisum sativum; Medicago sativa; wheat straw; nitrogen; soil fertility; crop yield; application rate; Idaho
Abstract:
... Use of green manure crops has become a preferred alternative source of N. The objectives of this 3-yr field study were to evaluate the N supplying power of 1,2, and 3 Mg ha⁻¹ of Austrian winter pea (Pisum sativum ssp. arvense (L.) Poir), alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) residue. Residues were incorporated in September and the N contribution of each amendment to a subs ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1993.00021962008500020027x

32. Evapotranspiration and Yield of Beans as Affected by Mulch and Irrigation

Author:
L. C. G. Barros; R. J. Hanks
Source:
Agronomy journal 1993 v.85 no.3 pp. 692-697
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
Phaseolus vulgaris; mulching; wheat straw; irrigated conditions; sprinkler irrigation; crop yield; seeds; evapotranspiration; water use efficiency; transpiration; evaporation; application rate; Utah
Abstract:
... Mulch (crop residue) has been reported to increase soil water storage and crop yield, and to reduce soil water stress under some conditions. However, few studies have had irrigations, and thus evapotranspiration (ET), as a variable where soil water was controlled. Therefore, a study was conducted to evaluate the effect of mulch on ET, bean yield (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), and water use efficiency (W ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1993.00021962008500030032x

33. Fallow and Sesbania Effects on Response of Transplanted Lowland Rice to Urea

Author:
R. J. Buresh; D. P. Garrity; E. G. Castillo; T. T. Chua
Source:
Agronomy journal 1993 v.85 no.4 pp. 801-808
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
nitrogen content; plant residues; Oryza sativa; fallow; green manures; nutrient uptake; dry matter accumulation; preplanting treatment; crop yield; weeds; urea fertilizers; grains; lowlands; Sesbania rostrata; biogeochemical cycles; Philippines
Abstract:
... Although lowland soils in Asia are frequently fallowed between rice (Oryza sativa L.) crops, little is known about the effects of fallow management on N cycling and growth of a subsequent lowland rice crop. A 2-yr field study was conducted in the Philippines on a Typic Tropaquept to determine the interactive effects of pre-rice land management and urea fertilization on rice growth, N uptake, and r ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1993.00021962008500040005x

34. Field Response of Maize to a VAM Fungus and Water Management

Author:
D. M. Sylvia; L. C. Hammond; J. M. Bennett; J. H. Haas; S. B. Linda
Source:
Agronomy journal 1993 v.85 no.2 pp. 193-198
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
Zea mays; nutrient content; Claroideoglomus etunicatum; soil water regimes; phenology; root inoculation; crop yield; biomass production; Florida
Abstract:
... Mycorrhizae improve plant nutrient uptake and are known to affect the water relations of plants grown in growth chambers and greenhouses. This paper summarizes a 3-yr field study that tested the effects of mycorrhizae and water management on the growth and grain yield of maize (Zea mays L.). In each year, two inoculation treatments (inoculated or not with Glomus etunicatum Becker and Gerdemann) an ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1993.00021962008500020006x

35. Field Response of Soybean to Nodulation by a Rhizobitoxine-Producing Strain of Bradyrhizobium

Author:
Bruce L. Vasilas; Jeffrey J. Furhmann
Source:
Agronomy journal 1993 v.85 no.2 pp. 302-305
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
Glycine max; Bradyrhizobium; nodulation; nitrogen fixation; crop yield; shoots; Delaware
Abstract:
... Nodulation by rhizobitoxine-producing (RT⁺) strains of Bradyrhizobium japonicum has been shown to decrease shoot growth of green-house-grown soybeans. The potential impact of nodulation by a RT⁺ strain on the productivity of field-grown soybeans has not been determined. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted for 2 yr on a Matapeake silt loam (fine-silty, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludults) to dete ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1993.00021962008500020026x

36. Forage Yield, Quality, Compatibility, and Persistence of Warm-Season Grass—Legume Mixtures

Author:
G. L. Posler; A. W. Lenssen; G. L. Fine
Source:
Agronomy journal 1993 v.85 no.3 pp. 554-560
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
Panicum virgatum; Lespedeza; Bouteloua curtipendula; crop quality; in vitro digestibility; Desmanthus illinoensis; nutritive value; Amorpha canescens; crop yield; Astragalus cicer; Dalea purpurea; Sorghastrum nutans; Kansas
Abstract:
... Development of compatible, persistent, warm-season grass-legume mixtures could increase forage yield and quality during summer months. We established a trial to determine forage yield, quality, species compatibility, and persistence of binary mixtures of warm-season grasses with selected legumes, five of which are native to the central USA. Grass entries were switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), sid ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1993.00021962008500030007x

37. Forage and Tuber Yields and Digestibility of Selected Wild and Cultivated Genotypes of Jerusalem Artichoke

Author:
Gerald J. Seiler
Source:
Agronomy journal 1993 v.85 no.1 pp. 29-33
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
Helianthus tuberosus; wild plants; cultivars; hybrids; crop yield; tubers; forage; in vitro digestibility; crop quality; genetic variation; selection criteria; genotype
Abstract:
... Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.), a perennial forb, has the potential to be utilized as a silage or tuber crop, but little is known about the variability for forage and tuber yields of wild and cultivated genotypes. Four wild and six cultivated genotypes were evaluated for forage and tuber yields, biomass allocation, and in vitro digestible dry matter (IVDDM) concentrations of stems, ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1993.00021962008500010006x

38. Furrow Diking Effects on Yield of Dryland Grain Sorghum and Winter Wheat

Author:
Haile Tewolde; J. R. Mulkey; Robert E. Elledge
Source:
Agronomy journal 1993 v.85 no.6 pp. 1217-1221
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
Sorghum bicolor; Triticum aestivum; dryland farming; rain; water conservation; furrows; crop yield; Texas
Abstract:
... Dryland sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production in areas where a large fraction of the annual rainfall is received during the fallow period may be improved by rain-conserving practices. Furrow diking mainly during the growing season has been shown to improve crop production by conserving rainfall in many parts of the Southern Great Plains. The objectives o ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1993.00021962008500060023x

39. Grain Yield of Subsurface Microirrigated Corn as Affected by Irrigation Line Spacing

Author:
Norris L. Powell; F. Scott Wright
Source:
Agronomy journal 1993 v.85 no.6 pp. 1164-1169
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
Zea mays; irrigation water; grain crops; sandy soils; spatial distribution; subsurface irrigation; microirrigation; crop yield; loam soils; Virginia
Abstract:
... Without irrigation, crop yields are usually water-limited on the acid soils of the southeastern USA. Economically feasible irrigation systems that require less water are needed. As part of a feasibility study of subsurface microirrigation for corn (Zea mays L.) production, the effects of irrigation line spacing and irrigation water amount were investigated in a 5-yr study at Suffolk, VA. The soil ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1993.00021962008500060014x

40. Growth, Boll Opening Rate, and Fiber Properties of Narrow-Row Cotton

Author:
James J. Heitholt; William T. Pettigrew; William R. Meredith
Source:
Agronomy journal 1993 v.85 no.3 pp. 590-594
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
isogenic lines; lint cotton; seeds; Gossypium hirsutum; row spacing; early development; dry matter accumulation; crop yield; plant morphology; genotype; fiber quality; bolls; leaves; vegetative growth; Mississippi
Abstract:
... Row spacing has the potential to affect agronomic traits of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Although narrow-rows can pose numerous management challenges (e.g., cultivation and harvesting), the benefits of narrow-rows may justify their use. Unfortunately, the extent and consistency of cotton's response to narrow-rows is variable, which makes management decisions more difficult. The objective ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1993.00021962008500030013x

41. Growth, Yield, and Quality of Forage Maize Under Different Nitrogen Management Practices

Author:
W. J. Cox; S. Kalonge; D. J. R. Cherney; W. S. Reid
Source:
Agronomy journal 1993 v.85 no.2 pp. 341-347
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
Zea mays; hybrids; acid detergent fiber; leaf area index; nitrate nitrogen; dry matter accumulation; soil depth; crop yield; forage; split application; neutral detergent fiber; ammonium nitrate; application rate; New York
Abstract:
... Maize (Zea mays L.) forage producers need more information how N management affects dry matter (DM) yield, forage quality, and residual soil NO⁻₃ -N concentrations. Studies were conducted in New York to evaluate three hybrids under different sidedress N rates (0, 56, 140, and 255 kg N ha⁻¹ at the V4 stage) and timing (70 + 70 kg N ha⁻¹ at V4 and V8 and 75 + 75 + 75 kg N ha⁻¹ at V4, V8, and R1 stag ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1993.00021962008500020033x

42. Inadequacy of the Liebig Limiting-Factor Paradigm for Explaining Varying Crop Yields

Author:
Thomas R. Sinclair; Wayne I. Park
Source:
Agronomy journal 1993 v.85 no.3 pp. 742-746
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
crops; growth models; prediction; plant development; crop yield; equations; mathematical models
Abstract:
... Historically, the limiting-factor paradigm has been used to describe how crop yields may be constrained by the individual input resources required by plants. The limiting-factor paradigm proposes that plant growth is constrained only by a single resource whose availability is so low that it solely inhibits greater growth or growth rates. However, this paradigm ignores the great flexibility of plan ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1993.00021962008500030040x

43. Inter-Seasonal Variation in Soybean and Maize Yields under Global Environmental Change

Author:
Thomas R. Sinclair; Stephen L. Rawlins
Source:
Agronomy journal 1993 v.85 no.2 pp. 406-409
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
interspecific variation; Zea mays; Glycine max; crop yield; global warming; seasonal variation; growth models; climatic factors; Midwestern United States
Abstract:
... Projected global environment changes will have major influences on crop yields. A very important aspects of crop yields, and societal adjustments to environmental changes, may well be altered year-to-year stability in yields. Simulations for three locations in the Midwest with mechanistic growth models for maize (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] showed important species difference ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1993.00021962008500020043x

44. Leaf and Stem Traits and Herbage Quality of Multifoliolate Alfalfa

Author:
Nestor A. Juan; Craig C. Sheaffer; Donald K. Barnes; Douglas R. Swanson; James H. Halgerson
Source:
Agronomy journal 1993 v.85 no.6 pp. 1121-1127
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
germplasm; harvest date; cultivars; crop quality; forage crops; fiber content; developmental stages; Medicago sativa; crop yield; crude protein; silt loam soils; plant morphology; leaves; Minnesota
Abstract:
... Multifoliolate (MF) alfalfa (Medicago saliva L.) cultivars, with four or more leaflets per leaf instead of three, have been marketed for greater nutritive value and intake potential than standard trifoliolate (TF) alfalfa cultivars. A field study to determine the effect of harvest regimes on MF expression of alfalfa cultivars and germplasm, and to determine the association of MF expression with he ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1993.00021962008500060005x

45. Legume Cover Crop Options for Grain Rotations in Wisconsin

Author:
James K. Stute; Joshua L. Posner
Source:
Agronomy journal 1993 v.85 no.6 pp. 1128-1132
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
cover crops; Trifolium pratense; Medicago sativa; Trifolium hybridum; Trifolium repens; Vicia villosa; Melilotus officinalis; crop rotation; Zea mays; grain crops; Avena sativa; Pisum sativum; canned vegetables; crop yield; silt loam soils; plant establishment; Wisconsin
Abstract:
... Use of forage legumes as cover crops in the year prior to corn (Zea mays L.) is one way to reduce the amount of N fertilizer used in corn production. This study evaluated several forage legumes for dry matter (DM) production during the seeding year when established in grain rotations. Field studies were conducted near Arlington and Marshfield, WI, in 1989 and 1990. Treatments consisted of nine for ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1993.00021962008500060006x

46. Logistic Response of Bermudagrass and Bunchgrass Cultivars to Applied Nitrogen

Author:
A. R. Overman; M. A. Sanderson; R. M. Jones
Source:
Agronomy journal 1993 v.85 no.3 pp. 541-545
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
interspecific variation; cultivars; mathematical models; forage crops; Panicum coloratum; application rate; soil water content; Cynodon dactylon; arid zones; dry matter accumulation; crop yield; rain; growth models; Eragrostis curvula; Cenchrus ciliaris; nitrogen fertilizers; Texas
Abstract:
... Models provide a quantitative means to evaluate yield response of forage grasses to applied N and water availability. The objective of this analysis was to estimate model parameters (A, b, c) for bermu. dagrasses and bunchgrasses grown at the same location and during the same time period. The logistic equation was used to relate annual dry matter production to applied N for three bermudagrasses [C ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1993.00021962008500030004x

47. Long-Term Effect of Five Tillage Systems on Corn Response and Soil Structure

Author:
T. J. Vyn; B. A. Raimbult
Source:
Agronomy journal 1993 v.85 no.5 pp. 1074-1079
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
minimum tillage; Zea mays; long term experiments; no-tillage; autumn; conventional tillage; plowing; resistance to penetration; bulk density; spring; crop yield; grains; silt loam soils; continuous cropping; soil density; soil aggregates; Ontario
Abstract:
... Tillage systems need to be compared over an extended period of time to determine their transitional and long-term impacts on crop growth and soil properties. A 15-yr experiment established in 1976 compared reduced tillage systems with conventional fall moldboard plowing for production of continuous corn (Zea mays L.) on a Maryhill silt loam soil (Typic Hapludalf). Corn plant growth and yield and s ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1993.00021962008500050022x

48. Management and Environment Effects on Dry Matter Yields of Three Brassica Species

Author:
M. Hagemann Wiedenhoeft
Source:
Agronomy journal 1993 v.85 no.3 pp. 549-553
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
harvest date; interspecific variation; Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis; hybrids; sowing date; soil water content; grazing; air temperature; dry matter accumulation; regrowth; forage; crop yield; Brassica napus; Brassica rapa subsp. oleifera; cold; Maine
Abstract:
... Brassica crops have potential use as a forage during summer, fall, and early winter months. The influence of planting date and harvest date on the initial and regrowth herbage yields for three Brassica species: rape (B. napus L., ‘Winfred’ in 1987 and ‘Emerald’ in 1988 and 1989), turnip (B. rapa L., ‘Purple Top’), and a turnip hybrid (B. rapa × B. pekinensis L., ‘Tyfon’) were investigated. The spe ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1993.00021962008500030006x

49. Model of Integrated Effects of Boron, Inert Salt, and Water Flow on Crop Yield

Author:
U. Shani; R. J. Hanks
Source:
Agronomy journal 1993 v.85 no.3 pp. 713-717
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
Zea mays; simulation models; Hordeum vulgare; phytotoxicity; equations; boron; leaching; soil salinity; growth models; water flow; soil water; crop yield; soil salts; Utah
Abstract:
... High boron concentration in the soil causes yield reduction. Recently, a piecewise linear response curve was applied to describe yield response to B in near steady-state conditions. However, application of similar curves to field situations where water, B, and other ion contents are transient and nonhomogeneous is limited. The objective of this study was to develop a model for simulation of the in ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1993.00021962008500030036x

50. Modeling Tall Fescue Cultivar Response to Applied Nitrogen

Author:
Allen R. Overman; Stanley R. Wilkinson
Source:
Agronomy journal 1993 v.85 no.6 pp. 1156-1158
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
cultivars; Festuca arundinacea; Epichloe coenophiala; models; nutrient uptake; dry matter accumulation; logit analysis; crop yield; sandy loam soils; infection; nitrogen fertilizers; Georgia
Abstract:
... Models can be used to estimate yields and nutrient utilization by forage grasses. The objective of this study was to model response of three cultivars of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) to applied N over a 3-yr period at Watkinsville, GA. The procedure uses analysis of variance to evaluate linear parameter A and the exponential parameters b and c for the logistic equation. It was shown t ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1993.00021962008500060012x