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1. Development and Evaluation of Soil Moisture-Based Indices for Agricultural Drought Monitoring

Author:
Erik S. Krueger; Tyson E. Ochsner; Steven M. Quiring
Source:
Agronomy journal 2019 v.111 no.3 pp. 1392-1406
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
agronomy; available water capacity; cotton; crop yield; data collection; drought; hay; soil matric potential; soil water; soil water storage; space and time; winter wheat; Oklahoma; Texas
Abstract:
... Agricultural drought is characterized by low soil moisture levels that negatively affect agricultural production, but in situ soil moisture measurements are largely absent from indices commonly used to describe agricultural drought. Instead, many indices incorporate weather-derived soil moisture estimates, which is necessary, in part, because the relationships between in situ soil moisture and agr ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj2018.09.0558

2. Estimating Crop Water Use of Cotton in the Texas High Plains

Author:
Nithya Rajan; Stephan J. Maas; James C. Kathilankal
Source:
Agronomy journal 2010 v.102 no.6 pp. 1641-1651
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
acclimation; vegetation cover; crop yield; remote sensing; irrigation scheduling; estimation; stomatal conductance; rhizosphere; Gossypium hirsutum; energy balance; stomatal movement; mathematical models; equations; dryland farming; crop coefficient; irrigated farming; cotton; canopy; water use efficiency; semiarid zones; rain; irrigation rates; Texas
Abstract:
... The growth and yield of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) in the semiarid Texas High Plains is driven by the amount of water available to the crop through rainfall and irrigation. Various methods have been developed for quantifying the crop water use (CWU) of agricultural crops. In this study, we described a method for estimating CWU that uses a modified version of the Penman–Monteith Equation. In th ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj2010.0076

3. Cotton Water Use and Lint Yield in Four Great Plains Soils

Author:
Judy A. Tolk; Terry A. Howell
Source:
Agronomy journal 2010 v.102 no.3 pp. 904-910
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
cotton; temporal variation; harvest date; sandy soils; evapotranspiration; Gossypium hirsutum; water use efficiency; clay loam soils; fiber crops; deficit irrigation; crop yield; irrigation rates; silt loam soils; heat sums; bolls; sandy loam soils; Texas
Abstract:
... The development of earlier maturing, cool temperature tolerant varieties of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) has allowed cotton production to expand into regions with shorter, cooler growing seasons. The objective of this research was to evaluate the interactive effect of soil type, irrigation, and meteorological conditions on the water use and lint yield of cotton grown in four U.S. Great Plains so ...
Handle:
10113/43010
DOI:
10.2134/agronj2009.0398

4. Modeling Irrigation Management Strategies to Maximize Cotton Lint Yield and Water Use Efficiency

Author:
R. L. Baumhardt; S. A. Staggenborg; P. H. Gowda; P. D. Colaizzi; T. A. Howell
Source:
Agronomy journal 2009 v.101 no.3 pp. 460-468
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
cotton; crop models; simulation models; evapotranspiration; Gossypium hirsutum; water use efficiency; deficit irrigation; crop yield; dryland farming; irrigation rates; irrigation scheduling; Texas
Abstract:
... Increasing pumping costs and declining well capacities in the Southern High Plains compel producers to seek irrigation strategies to maximize yield and water use efficiency (WUE), which is the ratio of yield to evapotranspiration (ET). Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is suited to deficit irrigation using wells ranging from 0.29 to 0.93 L s⁻¹ ha⁻¹ capacity to supply limited, 2.5 mm d⁻¹, to complete, ...
Handle:
10113/31423
DOI:
10.2134/agronj2008.0041xs

5. Effects of Dairy Manure Compost and Supplemental Inorganic Fertilizer on Coastal Bermudagrass

Author:
Thomas J. Helton; Twain J. Butler; Mark L. McFarland; Frank M. Hons; Saqib Mukhtar; James P. Muir
Source:
Agronomy journal 2008 v.100 no.4 pp. 924-930
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
application timing; forage crops; mineral fertilizers; Cynodon dactylon; nitrogen; fertilizer rates; dairy manure; forage grasses; crop yield; potassium; split application; phosphorus; composted manure; Texas
Abstract:
... Management strategies for using raw and composted dairy manures on perennial forages are not well defined. This study compared the effects of raw or composted dairy manure alone, or in combination with supplemental inorganic fertilizers (IFs), on ‘Coastal’ bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] yield. Composted manure was split applied with 14.5 Mg ha⁻¹ in 2002 and 2003 for a total of 29 Mg ha ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj2007.0305

6. Harvest Techniques Change Annual Warm-Season Legume Forage Yield and Nutritive Value

Author:
James P. Muir; Twain J. Butler; Richard M. Wolfe; John R. Bow
Source:
Agronomy journal 2008 v.100 no.3 pp. 765-770
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
harvesting; interspecific variation; fiber content; experimental design; Fabaceae; cutting; forage legumes; nutritive value; dry matter accumulation; crop yield; crude protein; height; field experimentation; branches; Texas
Abstract:
... Comparison among warm-season legume forage trials may not be valid if harvest techniques vary. To address this question, herbage dry matter (DM) yields, branching, crude protein (CP), and fiber concentrations for nine warm-season annual herbaceous legumes were measured by hand-plucking all leaves and pliable tips or clipping at 7.5- or 15-cm height. The experiment was conducted in Texas on a Windt ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj2007.0042

7. Indicators of Last Effective Boll Population and Harvest Aid Timing in Cotton

Author:
Josh B. Bynum; J. Tom Cothren
Source:
Agronomy journal 2008 v.100 no.4 pp. 1106-1111
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
Gossypium hirsutum; cotton; bolls; harvest date; profitability; sustainable agriculture; crop management; crop yield; fiber quality; heat sums; plant growth; defoliation; plant growth substances; plant cultural practices; Texas
Abstract:
... Maintaining profitable and sustainable production of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) relies on improvements in management. The objective of this study was to determine the proper defoliation timing to optimize lint yield and fiber quality through calculating heat unit (HU; DD15.5) accumulation beyond cutout, defined as five nodes above white flower (NAWF = 5). Experiments were conducted in Burleson ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj2007.0134

8. Influence of Ultranarrow Row and Conventional Row Cotton on the Last Effective Boll Population

Author:
Ryan P. Viator; C. Owen Gwathmey; J. Tom Cothren; Jack T. Reed; Earl D. Vories; Russell C. Nuti; Keith L. Edmisten; Randy Wells
Source:
Agronomy journal 2008 v.100 no.5 pp. 1327-1331
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
seed cotton; flowering; Gossypium hirsutum; row spacing; flowers; crop yield; crop management; bolls; North Carolina; Texas; Arkansas; Tennessee; Mississippi
Abstract:
... The last effective boll population (LEBP) is the basis for many cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) management decisions such as defoliation timing. The objective of this research was to determine the last effective boll population based on first position bolls for both ultranarrow row cotton (UNRC), grown in rows spaced 25 cm or less, and conventional cotton (CONC) grown in rows spaced 96 to 102 cm. E ...
Handle:
10113/48931
DOI:
10.2134/agronj2007.0289

9. Rhizoma Peanut Yield and Nutritive Value are Influenced by Harvest Technique and Timing

Author:
Twain J. Butler; James P. Muir; M. Anowarul Islam; John R. Bow
Source:
Agronomy journal 2007 v.99 no.6 pp. 1559-1563
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
harvest date; perennials; acid detergent fiber; irrigation; nutritive value; forage legumes; dry matter accumulation; crop yield; crude protein; height; defoliation; lignin; Arachis glabrata; Texas
Abstract:
... Rhizoma peanut (Arachis glabrata Benth.) is a warm-season perennial forage legume adapted to the southern USA. The objectives of this study were to evaluate harvest technique and timing on dry matter (DM) yield, crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and acid detergent lignin (ADL) concentrations of rhizoma peanut. Two experiments (one without irrigation and one with irrigation) each with ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj2007.0035

10. Sugarcane Responses to Irrigation and Nitrogen in Semiarid South Texas

Author:
Bob Wiedenfeld; Juan Enciso
Source:
Agronomy journal 2008 v.100 no.3 pp. 665-671
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
plant growth; Saccharum officinarum; plant available water; evapotranspiration; fertilizer rates; water use efficiency; ratooning; crop yield; rain; sugarcane; irrigation rates; fertigation; nitrogen fertilizers; Texas
Abstract:
... Water and N are often limiting factors for sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) production. This study was conducted to determine the effect of different levels of water availability on sugarcane growth, yield, and responses to N application, and also to evaluate the effectiveness of alternative N application methods. Three irrigation levels (20% below crop evapotranspiration [ETc], full ETc replacement, an ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj2007.0286

11. Dairy Manure Compost Improves Soil and Increases Tall Wheatgrass Yield

Author:
Twain J. Butler; James P. Muir
Source:
Agronomy journal 2006 v.98 no.4 pp. 1090-1096
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
nutrient content; forage crops; Thinopyrum ponticum; fertilizer rates; soil organic matter; cattle manure; waste utilization; infiltration (hydrology); dry matter accumulation; forage grasses; crop yield; potassium; soil fertility; crude protein; soil pH; phosphorus; composted manure; nitrogen fertilizers; Texas
Abstract:
... Confined animal feeding dairy operations have generated excess amounts of manure, creating a need to identify alternative uses for this plant nutrient source. The objectives in this study were to (i) study the effect of composted dairy manure on Windthorst soil (fine, mixed, active, thermic Udic Paleustalfs), (ii) evaluate two soil testing methods for measuring P when composted dairy manure is app ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj2005.0348

12. Evaluation of Rhizoma Peanut Genotypes for Adaptation in Texas

Author:
Twain J. Butler; William R. Ocumpaugh; Matt A. Sanderson; Rod L. Reed; James P. Muir
Source:
Agronomy journal 2006 v.98 no.6 pp. 1589-1593
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
variety trials; plant growth; cultivars; forage legumes; dry matter accumulation; crop yield; Arachis glabrata; Texas
Abstract:
... Rhizoma peanut (Arachis glabrata Benth.) is a warm-season perennial forage legume adapted to the extreme southern USA. The objectives of this study were to compare the establishment rate and overall adaptation of ‘Florigraze’, ‘Arbrook’, PI 262819, and PI 262821 rhizoma peanut in south and north-central Texas. Two separate field experiments were initiated to evaluate establishment rate and adaptat ...
Handle:
10113/3826
DOI:
10.2134/agronj2006.0141

13. Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilizer and Residual Response in Cotton–Sorghum and Cotton–Cotton Sequences

Author:
J. D. Booker; K. F. Bronson; C. L. Trostle; J. W. Keeling; A. Malapati
Source:
Agronomy journal 2007 v.99 no.3 pp. 607-613
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
Gossypium hirsutum; cotton; Sorghum bicolor; grain sorghum; crop rotation; nitrogen fertilizers; phosphorus fertilizers; fertilizer application; residual effects; conservation tillage; crop yield; soil fertility; cottonseed; nitrogen content; nutrient uptake; plant nutrition; crop residues; immobilization in soil; cropping sequence; Texas
Abstract:
... Nitrogen and P fertilizer response for cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] in a reduced tillage rotation system in the Southern High Plains has not been well studied. During 2000 to 2003, an irrigated study of cotton–sorghum rotation vs. continuous cotton evaluated the crop rotation effects on cotton lint yield and assessed N and P fertilizer and residual ferti ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj2006.0124

14. Response of Coastal Bermudagrass Yield and Nutrient Uptake Efficiency to Nitrogen Sources

Author:
Maria L. Silveira; Vincent A. Haby; Allen T. Leonard
Source:
Agronomy journal 2007 v.99 no.3 pp. 707-714
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
Cynodon dactylon; forage grasses; forage crops; crop yield; nitrogen fertilizers; nutrient uptake; nutrient use efficiency; fertilizer rates; urea ammonium nitrate; urea; ammonium nitrate; ammonium sulfate; sulfur; calcium; boron; soil pH; Texas
Abstract:
... Nitrogen is an important agronomic input for bermudagrass production in the southern USA. Fertilizers that can efficiently provide N to grass pastures and hay meadows are an important issue because of increasing costs and environmental problems associated with N losses. This experiment was designed to determine the effectiveness of various N sources on ‘Coastal’ bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj2006.0200

15. Suitability of Cotton as an Alternative Crop in the Ogallala Aquifer Region

Author:
Prasanna H. Gowda; R. Louis Baumhardt; Allison M. Esparza; Thomas H. Marek; Terry A. Howell
Source:
Agronomy journal 2007 v.99 no.6 pp. 1397-1403
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
cotton; alternative crops; Zea mays; Gossypium hirsutum; heat sums; air temperature; corn; crop yield; climatic factors; Kansas; Oklahoma; Texas
Abstract:
... Renewed interest in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) production in the Ogallala Aquifer Region can be linked to development of early maturing varieties, rising energy costs, and declining water levels in the Ogallala Aquifer. The main objectives of this study were to assess the feasibility of growing cotton and estimate the cotton yield potential and the potential reduction in Ogallala Aquifer withd ...
Handle:
10113/7106
DOI:
10.2134/agronj2006.0275

16. Supplemental Irrigation and Fall Dormancy Effects on Alfalfa Productivity in a Semiarid, Subtropical Climate with a Bimodal Precipitation Pattern

Author:
D. P. Malinowski; W. E. Pinchak; B. A. Kramp; H. Zuo; T. J. Butler
Source:
Agronomy journal 2007 v.99 no.3 pp. 621-629
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
harvest date; cultivars; irrigation; Medicago sativa; semiarid zones; alfalfa; nutritive value; dry matter accumulation; crop yield; dryland farming; seasonal variation; plant adaptation; dormancy; Texas
Abstract:
... Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is an important hay crop produced under rain-fed conditions or various levels of irrigation in the southern Great Plains of the USA. The objective of this study was to determine the role of fall dormancy (FD) on productivity and forage nutritive value of alfalfa in rain-fed and supplemental irrigation systems in a semiarid, subtropical climate with a bimodal pattern of ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj2006.0056

17. Modeling Water-Stressed Cotton Growth Using Within-Season Remote Sensing Data

Author:
Jonghan Ko; Stephan J. Maas; Steve Mauget; Giovanni Piccinni; Don Wanjura
Source:
Agronomy journal 2006 v.98 no.6 pp. 1600-1609
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
Gossypium hirsutum; cotton; water stress; stress tolerance; leaves; plant growth; measurement; remote sensing; reflectance; crop yield; leaf area index; growth models; mathematical models; equations; Texas
Abstract:
... Remotely sensed crop reflectance data can be used to simulate crop growth using within-season calibration. A model based on GRAMI, previously modified to simulate cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) growth, was revised and tested to simulate leaf area development and to estimate lint yield of water-stressed cotton. To verify the model, cotton field data, such as leaf area index (LAI), lint yield, and r ...
Handle:
10113/3907
DOI:
10.2134/agronj2005.0284

18. Nitrogen Fertilization and Yield of Cotton in Ultra-Narrow and Conventional Row Spacings

Author:
Ernest L. Clawson; J. Tom Cothren; David C. Blouin
Source:
Agronomy journal 2006 v.98 no.1 pp. 72-79
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
Gossypium hirsutum; cotton; crop yield; nitrogen fertilizers; fertilizer rates; row spacing; plant density; crop management; plant architecture; fiber quality; height; bolls; Texas
Abstract:
... Nitrogen fertilizer requirements of ultra-narrow row (UNR) cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) are not well established, and lint yield of UNR relative to conventional-row (CR) cotton has been variable. Objectives of this study were to compare UNR and CR N requirements based on lint yield, fiber quality, and plant architecture, and to compare the yield potential of UNR and CR cotton. The location was t ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj2005.0033

19. Cotton Fiber Quality is Related to Boll Location and Planting Date

Author:
Gayle H. Davidonis; Ann S. Johnson; Juan A. Landivar; Carlos J. Fernandez
Source:
Agronomy journal 2004 v.96 no.1 pp. 42-47
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
Gossypium hirsutum; lint cotton; bolls; planting date; fiber quality; flowering; environmental factors; crop yield; temperature; rain; Texas
Abstract:
... Early cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) planting in the Texas Coastal Bend has the potential for improved performance through drought avoidance. This 2-yr field study was conducted to compare the effect of boll position on fiber properties across planting dates and to determine how flowering date, boll position, and environmental factors affect fiber quality. Cotton (‘Deltapine 5409’) was planted ear ...
Handle:
10113/8379
DOI:
10.2134/agronj2004.4200

20. Growth and Yield Response to Simulated Hail Damage in Guar

Author:
John W. Sij; Jason P. Ott; Brian L. S. Olson; Todd A. Baughman
Source:
Agronomy journal 2005 v.97 no.6 pp. 1636-1639
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
temporal variation; plant growth; filling period; flowering; hail; phenology; Cyamopsis tetragonoloba; height; crop yield; physical models; defoliation; Texas
Abstract:
... Hail damage can result in substantial economic loss to annual spring and summer crops. Crop insurance guidelines to assess hail damage on major crops are readily available to adjusters. However, research and guidelines to assess hail damage on minor crops is lacking and may limit their expansion. A dryland field study with guar [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.] was designed to determine the eff ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj2004.0283

21. Integrating Cotton and Beef Production to Reduce Water Withdrawal from the Ogallala Aquifer in the Southern High Plains

Author:
V. G. Allen; C. P. Brown; R. Kellison; E. Segarra; T. Wheeler; P. A. Dotray; J. C. Conkwright; C. J. Green; V. Acosta-Martinez
Source:
Agronomy journal 2005 v.97 no.2 pp. 556-567
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
profitability; grazing; subsurface irrigation; beef cattle; fiber crops; crop yield; Bothriochloa bladhii; pastures; Gossypium hirsutum; farm income; steers; Triticum aestivum; Secale cereale; aquifers; forage grasses; nitrogen fertilizers; cotton; water use efficiency; fertilizer rates; cover crops; seed productivity; Texas
Abstract:
... Agriculture in the Texas High Plains depends heavily on irrigation with water withdrawn from the Ogallala aquifer at nonsustainable rates. Our hypothesis was that integrating crop and livestock systems would reduce irrigation water use, maintain profitability, and diversify income compared with a cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) monoculture. Thus, from 1998 to 2002, two large-scale systems, with thr ...
Handle:
10113/3687
DOI:
10.2134/agronj2005.0556

22. Modification of the GRAMI Model for Cotton

Author:
Jonghan Ko; Stephan J. Maas; Robert J. Lascano; Donald Wanjura
Source:
Agronomy journal 2005 v.97 no.5 pp. 1374-1379
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
Gossypium hirsutum; cotton; fiber crops; crop models; semiarid zones; calibration; plant growth; crop yield; irrigated conditions; Texas
Abstract:
... A new version of the GRAMI crop model capable of being calibrated within season was developed and tested for cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) production in semiarid regions. The model was first verified using field data obtained at Halfway, TX, USA in 2002. The model was then validated using data sets obtained at Lamesa, TX in 1999 and 2001 and at Lubbock, TX in 2002 and 2004. Simulated values of co ...
Handle:
10113/3712
DOI:
10.2134/agronj2004.0267

23. Alternative and Opportunity Dryland Crops and Related Soil Conditions in the Southern Great Plains

Author:
Paul W. Unger
Source:
Agronomy journal 2001 v.93 no.1 pp. 216-226
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
water conservation; diameter; soil water content; Sorghum bicolor; bulk density; crop yield; forage; Triticum aestivum; soil fertility; Brassica napus; triticale; Hibiscus cannabinus; protein content; crop rotation; mortality; soil aggregates; Texas
Abstract:
... Dryland winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] yield favorably when rotated or grown continually in the southern Great Plains, but improved water conservation practices make other systems possible for these crops. Also, farmers can now produce other crops without losing government payments. Winter wheat, grain sorghum, and opportunity crop performance; ...
Handle:
10113/1944
DOI:
10.2134/agronj2001.931216x

24. Irrigated Wheat Grazing and Tillage Effects on Subsequent Dryland Grain Sorghum Production

Author:
Steven R. Winter; Paul W. Unger
Source:
Agronomy journal 2001 v.93 no.3 pp. 504-510
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
natural resource management; Triticum aestivum; Sorghum bicolor; grazing; tillage; crop yield; duration; soil compaction; crop residues; resistance to penetration; soil texture; soil water content; Texas
Abstract:
... Use of conservation tillage has improved sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] grain yield 10 to 20% in ungrazed wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)–fallow–sorghum production systems. Our objective in this 2-yr field study was to develop tillage guidelines for systems where the wheat was grazed. Grazing duration on winter wheat and tillage during the fallow period preceding dryland grain sorghum were tre ...
Handle:
10113/12390
DOI:
10.2134/agronj2001.933504x

25. Maize and Sorghum Simulations with CERES-Maize, SORKAM, and ALMANAC under Water-Limiting Conditions

Author:
Yun Xie; James R. Kiniry; Vernon Nedbalek; Wesley D. Rosenthal
Source:
Agronomy journal 2001 v.93 no.5 pp. 1148-1155
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
harvest date; planting date; simulation models; Zea mays; leaf area index; soil depth; water stress; drought; growth models; crop yield; soil water; Sorghum bicolor; seed productivity; decision making; Texas
Abstract:
... While crop models often are tested against long-term mean grain yields, models for aiding decision making must accurately simulate grain yields in extreme climatic conditions. In this study, we evaluated the ability of a general crop model (ALMANAC) and two crop-specific models (CERES-Maize and SORKAM) to simulate maize (Zea mays L.) and sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] grain yields in a dry ...
Handle:
10113/26921
DOI:
10.2134/agronj2001.9351148x

26. Multispectral Reflectance of Cotton Related to Plant Growth, Soil Water and Texture, and Site Elevation

Author:
Hong Li; Robert J. Lascano; Edward M. Barnes; Jill Booker; L. Ted Wilson; Kevin F. Bronson; Eduardo Segarra
Source:
Agronomy journal 2001 v.93 no.6 pp. 1327-1337
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
Gossypium hirsutum; reflectance; soil water content; soil texture; altitude; irrigation; nitrogen; crop yield; lint cotton; vegetation; evapotranspiration; application rate; Texas
Abstract:
... Radiometric data can be useful to determine the impact of field heterogeneity, irrigation, and fertilization on plant water and N use. A 2-yr (1998–1999) study was conducted on the South Texas High Plains to investigate cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) spectral and agronomic responses to irrigation and N fertilization and to determine the simple and cross correlation among cotton reflectance, plant ...
Handle:
10113/13684
DOI:
10.2134/agronj2001.1327

27. Paper Pellets as a Mulch for Dryland Grain Sorghum Production

Author:
Paul W. Unger
Source:
Agronomy journal 2001 v.93 no.2 pp. 349-357
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
mulches; no-tillage; soil water content; crop residues; waste paper; Sorghum bicolor; crop yield; rain; Triticum aestivum; evaporation; carbon; field experimentation; degradation; pellets; application rate; soil aggregates; Texas
Abstract:
... Some landfills no longer accept waste paper for disposal; thus, alternative means are needed. One would be to apply pelleted paper to cropland as a mulch. This field study was conducted to determine effects of a paper pellet mulch on soil water storage and grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] yield. Mulch rates were 0 (check), 5, 10, and 15 Mg ha⁻¹ Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) residue condi ...
Handle:
10113/12388
DOI:
10.2134/agronj2001.932349x

28. Tillage System, Fertilizer Nitrogen Rate, and Timing Effect on Corn Yields in the Texas Blackland Prairie

Author:
H. Allen Torbert; Kenneth N. Potter; John E. Morrison
Source:
Agronomy journal 2001 v.93 no.5 pp. 1119-1124
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
Zea mays; application timing; nitrogen content; no-tillage; nitrogen; urea ammonium nitrate; chiseling; crop yield; Triticum aestivum; Sorghum bicolor; crop rotation; application rate; Texas
Abstract:
... New N management and conservation tillage systems are needed to improve agricultural sustainability on the Blackland Prairie of Texas. In 1994, an experiment was established to determine plant response to N fertilizer rate and timing within three different tillage systems. A split plot experiment with four replications was established on a Houston Black clay (fine, smectitic, thermic Udic Hapluste ...
Handle:
10113/23029
DOI:
10.2134/agronj2001.9351119x

29. Conservation Tillage Corn Production for a Semiarid, Subtropical Environment

Author:
James R. Smart; Joe M. Bradford
Source:
Agronomy journal 1999 v.91 no.1 pp. 116-121
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
Zea mays; no-tillage; semiarid zones; crop yield; production costs; seasonal variation; profits and margins; Texas
Abstract:
... Because of the extreme climatic differences between their regions, farmers in southern Texas and northern Mexico have been reluctant to adopt conservation tillage systems developed in the north-central or midwestern United States. With greater knowledge of the benefits and risks of conservation tillage practices under a semiarid, subtropical environment, producers can make better decisions regardi ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1999.00021962009100010018x

30. Desiccation and Germination of Grain Sorghum as Affected by Glufosinate

Author:
Rodney W. Bovey; Jeffery A. Dahlberg; Pablo Madera-Torres; Scott A. Senseman; Frederick R. Miller
Source:
Agronomy journal 1999 v.91 no.3 pp. 373-376
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
water content; Sorghum bicolor; seed germination; glufosinate; harvest date; crop yield; crop quality; seedling growth; leaves; seeds; application rate; Texas; Puerto Rico
Abstract:
... Preharvest desiccants are needed to reduce moisture content of grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] for earlier harvest to preserve seed quality and quantity. Objectives of this study were (i) to examine the desiccant activity of glufosinate [2-amino-4-(hydroxymethylphosphinyl)butanoic acid] applied at several rates to grain sorghum at different seed moisture levels in contrasting environme ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1999.00021962009100030004x

31. Factors Related to Dryland Grain Sorghum Yield Increases: 1939 through 1997

Author:
Paul W. Unger; R. Louis Baumhardt
Source:
Agronomy journal 1999 v.91 no.5 pp. 870-875
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
history; cultivars; evapotranspiration; hybrids; soil water content; crop residues; crop yield; rain; dryland farming; Sorghum bicolor; crop management; water uptake; Texas
Abstract:
... Grain yields of dryland (nonirrigated) grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], a major crop in the southern Great Plains, more than tripled in studies at the USDA-ARS Conservation and Production Research Lab., Bushland, TX, during the period from 1939 to 1997. Our objectives were to document the yield increases that occurred and to determine factors primarily responsible for the yield increas ...
Handle:
10113/12384
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1999.915870x

32. Insect Defoliation and Population Dynamics in Blends of Resistant and Susceptible Soybean Cultivars

Author:
John W. Sij; Glenn R. Bowers; M. O. Way; D. L. Boykin
Source:
Agronomy journal 1999 v.91 no.1 pp. 82-87
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
cultivars; plant breeding; Glycine max; crop quality; insect pests; genotype mixtures; crop yield; defoliation; integrated pest management; pest resistance; population dynamics; Texas
Abstract:
... Phytophagous insects can cause significant economic yield loss in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] production areas of the southern United States. Although breeding efforts have resulted in developing insect-resistant cultivars, the yield potential of these cultivars is generally lower than conventional cultivars under conditions of light insect pressure. The objective of this study was to determi ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1999.00021962009100010013x

33. Conversion of Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) Grassland for Dryland Crops in a Semiarid Region

Author:
Paul W. Unger
Source:
Agronomy journal 1999 v.91 no.5 pp. 753-760
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
application rate; no-tillage; soil water content; agricultural land; plowing; drought; water stress; crop yield; Triticum aestivum; Sorghum bicolor; prescribed burning; ammonium nitrate; grasslands; Texas
Abstract:
... Information was needed regarding practices suitable for returning grassland to cropland when Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) contracts expired. A study on Pullman soil (Torrertic Paleustoll) involved seven tillage treatments (no-tillage and reduced, sweep, disk, moldboard plus disk, burn–sweep, and burn–disk tillage) with vegetation retained and the five non-burn tillage treatments with vegetat ...
Handle:
10113/1902
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1999.915753x

34. Evapotranspiration and Yield of Corn Grown on Three High Plains Soils

Author:
Judy A. Tolk; Terry A. Howell; Steven R. Evett
Source:
Agronomy journal 1998 v.90 no.4 pp. 447-454
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
leaf area index; soil depth; irrigation scheduling; water uptake; yield components; loam soils; Zea mays; fine-textured soils; seeds; soil water content; silty soils; leaf area; dryland farming; crop management; biomass; evapotranspiration; water use efficiency; Texas
Abstract:
... Soil properties that vary within a production area present management challenges to producers when water supplies are limited. We conducted three experiments to determine the influence of soil type and different water management levels on corn (Zea mays L.) yield, evapotranspiration (ET), and water use efficiency. Shorl-season corn was grown at low population density in lysimeters containing monol ...
Handle:
10113/1677
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1998.00021962009000040001x

35. Harvest Management of Switchgrass for Biomass Feedstock and Forage Production

Author:
Matt A. Sanderson; James C. Read; Roderick L. Reed
Source:
Agronomy journal 1999 v.91 no.1 pp. 5-10
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
Panicum virgatum; range management; forage; tillers; crude protein; plant density; crop yield; chemical constituents of plants; dietary fiber; energy crops; biomass production; Texas
Abstract:
... Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), a warm-season perennial grass native to North America, has potential as a biomass energy crop. Our objective was to develop harvest management recommendations for biomass feedstock and forage production. ‘Alamo’ switchgrass was established in 1992 at Stephenviile and Dallas, TX. Four harvest frequencies (one to four cuts per year) and three final autumn harvests ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1999.00021962009100010002x

36. Contribution of Rice Tillers to Dry Matter Accumulation and Yield

Author:
Guowei Wu; Lloyd T. Wilson; Anna M. McClung
Source:
Agronomy journal 1998 v.90 no.3 pp. 317-323
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
cultivars; inflorescences; tillering; Oryza sativa; heat sums; plant density; yield components; plant competition; tillers; dry matter partitioning; seed set; mortality; Texas
Abstract:
... A rice (Oryza sativa L.) crop functions as a population of tillers produced at different times and possessing specific growth characteristics. The objective of this study was to characterize the contribution of cultivar tillering ability to dry matter accumulation, yield components, and grain yield. Field experiments were conducted over a 2-yr period using a completely randomized plot design at Be ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1998.00021962009000030001x

37. Evaluation of Two Maize Models for Nine U.S. Locations

Author:
Jim R. Kiniry; Jimmy R. Williams; Richard L. Vanderlip; Jay D. Atwood; Donald C. Reicosky; Jerry Mulliken; William J. Cox; Henry J. Mascagni; Steven E. Hollinger; William J. Wiebold
Source:
Agronomy journal 1997 v.89 no.3 pp. 421-426
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
leaf area index; soil depth; textural soil types; runoff; Zea mays; simulation models; soil water content; harvest index; photoperiod; heat sums; Iowa; Illinois; Nebraska; Louisiana; Missouri; Kansas; Texas; Minnesota; New York
Abstract:
... Crop models can be evaluated based on accuracy in simulating several years' yields for one location or on accuracy in simulating long-term mean yields for several locations. Our objective was to see how the ALMANAC (Agricultural Land Management Alternatives with Numerical Assessment Criteria) model and a new version of CERES-Maize (Crop-Environment Resource Synthesis) simulate grain yield of rainf ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1997.00021962008900030009x

38. Evapotranspiration, Yield, and Water Use Efficiency of Corn Hybrids Differing in Maturity

Author:
Terry A. Howell; Judy A. Tolk; Arland D. Schneider; Steven R. Evett
Source:
Agronomy journal 1998 v.90 no.1 pp. 3-9
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
Zea mays; evapotranspiration; flowering; hybrids; sowing date; irrigation; water use efficiency; corn ears; early development; plant characteristics; leaf area index; height; harvest index; crop management; Texas
Abstract:
... Short-season corn (Zea mays L.) hybrids may reduce irrigation requirements and permit earlier harvest. We measured and compared evapotranspiration (ET) of a short-season (SS, Pioneer 3737) and full-season (FS, Pioneer 3245) hybrid under full irrigation in 1994 Bushland, TX, and examined differences in growth, yield, and water use efficiency (WUE). Both hybrids were planted the same day contiguous ...
Handle:
10113/1434
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1998.00021962009000010002x

39. Maize and Sorghum Simulation in Diverse Texas Environments

Author:
James R. Kiniry; Anton J. Bockholt
Source:
Agronomy journal 1998 v.90 no.5 pp. 682-687
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
Zea mays; Sorghum bicolor; simulation models; growth models; crop yield; temporal variation; geographical variation; planting date; plant density; meteorological data; Texas
Abstract:
... Crop models for decision making should accurately simulate grain yields across a wide range of soils and climate regimes. This study was designed to evaluate two models' ability to simulate plot grain yields under diverse weather conditions and soils in Texas. The objective was to compare measured grain yields of maize (Zea mays L.) and sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] with grain yields simul ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1998.00021962009000050018x

40. Previous-Crop Effects on Sugarcane Responses to Nitrogen Fertilization

Author:
Robert P. Wiedenfeld
Source:
Agronomy journal 1998 v.90 no.2 pp. 161-165
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
Saccharum officinarum; nitrogen fertilizers; crop rotation; Zea mays; Sorghum bicolor; Gossypium hirsutum; Glycine max; fallow; biomass; crop yield; crop quality; ratooning; crop residues; residual effects; sucrose; application rate; Texas
Abstract:
... Nitrogen fertilizer recommendations have been developed for sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) based on numerous fertility trials, with the primary variables affecting those recommendations being soil type and crop age. Cropping history influences subsequent crop responses to N fertilization, but such effects have not been determined for sugarcane. The objective of this research was to evaluate ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1998.00021962009000020007x

41. Tillage Effects on Grain Sorghum and Wheat Yields in the Texas Rolling Plains

Author:
David G. Bordovsky; Manilal Choudhary; Cleveland J. Gerard
Source:
Agronomy journal 1998 v.90 no.5 pp. 638-643
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
minimum tillage; irrigation; crop residues; crop yield; dryland farming; Triticum aestivum; rain; Sorghum bicolor; continuous cropping; crop rotation; double cropping; Texas
Abstract:
... Soils of the Texas Rolling Plains have poor structure, low soil organic matter contents, and low water holding capacity. Alternative farming practices must he explored to conserve and improve this natural resource. An 11-yr (1979–1989) field experiment was conducted at the Texas A&M University Research Station at Munday to determine the effects of tillage (reduced vs. conventional) and residue man ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1998.00021962009000050012x

42. Cropping and Tillage Systems for Dryland Grain Production in the Southern High Plains

Author:
Ordie R. Jones; Thomas W. Popham
Source:
Agronomy journal 1997 v.89 no.2 pp. 222-232
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
water conservation; evapotranspiration; no-tillage; soil water content; soil water storage; water use efficiency; crop residues; fallow; semiarid zones; dryland farming; Triticum aestivum; yield components; stubble mulching; Sorghum bicolor; grains; crop rotation; Texas
Abstract:
... Low precipitation and high evaporative potential limit yields of dryland crops in the semiarid Southern High Plains. Improved residue management can reduce evaporation and improve water conservation. We compared no-tillage (NT) and stubble mulch (SM) residue management effects from 1984 to 1993 on leveled minibenches at Bushland, TX, using winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-fallow (WF), continuou ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1997.00021962008900020012x

43. Irrigation Starting Time Effects on Cotton under High-Frequency Irrigation

Author:
Donald F. Wanjura; James R. Mahan; Dan R. Upchurch
Source:
Agronomy journal 1996 v.88 no.4 pp. 561-566
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
height; plant characteristics; Gossypium hirsutum; irrigation scheduling; soil temperature; microirrigation; clay loam soils; crop yield; lint cotton; water use efficiency; application timing; Texas
Abstract:
... Deciding when to begin irrigating cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is difficult because the positive effect of eliminating water stress may be offset by the negative effect of lowered soil temperature. Different starting times for high-frequency drip irrigation of cotton were investigated in a field having Olton clay loam soil (fine, mixed, thermic Aridic Paleustolls). Early irrigation (EI), started ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1996.00021962008800040011x

44. Performance of Buffelgrass Germplasm with Improved Winter Survival

Author:
Mark A. Hussey; Elexis C. Bashaw
Source:
Agronomy journal 1996 v.88 no.6 pp. 944-946
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
Cenchrus ciliaris; winter hardiness; cultivars; genetic resistance; winter; seedlings; carbohydrates; crop yield; genotype; defoliation; chemical constituents of plants; mortality; Texas
Abstract:
... Lack of winter hardiness in buffelgrass [Cenchrus ciliaris L.; syn. Pennisetum ciliare (L.) Link] currently limits the utilization of this species in Texas and northern Mexico. This study was conducted to assess differences in field survival and yield potential of buffelgrass germplasm believed to have increased levels of winter hardiness. To document differences in field winter survival seedlings ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1996.00021962003600060016x

45. Simulating Alamo Switchgrass with the ALMANAC Model

Author:
James R. Kiniry; Matt A. Sanderson; Jimmy R. Williams; Charles R. Tischler; Mark A. Hussey; William R. Ocumpaugh; James C. Read; George Van Esbroeck; Roderick L. Reed
Source:
Agronomy journal 1996 v.88 no.4 pp. 602-606
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
Panicum virgatum; simulation models; model validation; growth models; crop yield; forage; biomass; accuracy; decision making; prediction; Texas
Abstract:
... A model for forage yield with adequate details for leaf area, biomass, nutrients, and hydrology would be valuable for making management decisions. The objectives of this study were to develop Alamo switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) parameters for the Agricultural Land Management Alternatives with Numerical Assessment Criteria (ALMANAC) model and demonstrate its accuracy across a wide range of envi ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1996.00021962008800040018x

46. Chain Diking Effects on Runoff and Winter Wheat Production

Author:
Harold T. Wiedemann; Lewis E. Clark
Source:
Agronomy journal 1996 v.88 no.4 pp. 541-544
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
water conservation; semiarid zones; dryland farming; crop yield; Triticum aestivum; grains; runoff; Texas
Abstract:
... The major factor limiting crop production in the Texas Rolling Plains is water,and better methods of conserving soil water in dryland wheat production are needed. Chain diking is a novel method of forming basins on flat-tilled land to impound and conserve water received from precipitation. The objective of this research was to determine the influence of chain diking on dryland winter wheat (Tritic ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1996.00021962008800040007x

47. Critical Petiole Nitrate-Nitrogen for Lint Yield and Enhanced Maturity in Pima Cotton

Author:
Haile Tewolde; Carlos J. Fernandez; D. C. Foss; Larry G. Unruh
Source:
Agronomy journal 1995 v.87 no.2 pp. 223-227
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
plant nutrition; Gossypium barbadense; petioles; nitrate nitrogen; early development; crop yield; lint cotton; soil fertility; nitrogen; nutrient deficiencies; Texas
Abstract:
... Petiole NO₃-N concentration (PNN) has been recommendaeds indicator of midseason N deficiency in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsatum L.). Its use in Pima cotton (G. barbadense L.) managemeenstp, ecially when early maturity is the goal, is not well documented. A 3-yr study evaluated PNN as an indicator of N status in Pima cotton in order to identify a critical minimum PNN level for yield and early mat ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1995.00021962008700020014x

48. Crop Rotation and Tillage Effects on Soil Water and Cotton Yield

Author:
J. P. Bordovsky; W. M. Lyle; J. W. Keeling
Source:
Agronomy journal 1994 v.86 no.1 pp. 1-6
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
no-tillage; soil water content; lint cotton; conventional tillage; Gossypium hirsutum; irrigated conditions; dryland farming; crop yield; Triticum aestivum; furrows; continuous cropping; crop rotation; Texas
Abstract:
... The Texas Southern High Plains is a major cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) producing area wherea monoculture of conventionally tilled continuous cotton is thought to be causing a downward trend in yields. A factorial experiment with split plot design evaluated the main and interactive effects of (i) cotton-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-fallow rotation vs. continuous cotton, (ii) no tillage vs. conven ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1994.00021962008600010001x

49. Effectiveness and Economics of Dryland Conservation Tillage Systems in the Southern Great Plains

Author:
A. F. Wiese; W. L. Harman; B. W. Bean; C. D. Salisbury
Source:
Agronomy journal 1994 v.86 no.4 pp. 725-730
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
minimum tillage; weed control; no-tillage; profitability; farm inputs; plowing; chemical control; cultural control; variable costs; dryland farming; crop yield; Triticum aestivum; glyphosate; paraquat; Sorghum bicolor; grains; crop rotation; Texas
Abstract:
... Precipitation is limited in the Southern Great Plains, and farmers must minimize production costs and control erosion. The purpose of this research was to determine economic feasibility of dryland no- and reduced-tillage systems compared with sweep plowing on Pullman clay loam soil (fine, mixed, mesic Torrertic Paleustoli) in continuous winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Thell) and in a win ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1994.00021962008600040026x

50. Maturity and Lint Yield of Nitrogen- and Phosphorus-Deficient Pima Cotton

Author:
H. Tewolde; C. J. Fernandez; D. C. Foss
Source:
Agronomy journal 1994 v.86 no.2 pp. 303-309
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
Gossypium barbadense; nutrient deficiencies; nitrogen; phosphorus; nitrogen fertilizers; phosphorus fertilizers; early development; crop yield; lint cotton; Texas
Abstract:
... The Pima cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.) plant is inherently late maturing and unsuitable for production in areas where highly probable late-season rainfall coincides with boll opening. A field study was conducted between 1990 and 1992 to determine if the maturity of Pima cotton can be enhanced with applied N and P without reducing lint yield. Five preplant-applied N rates up to 180 kg ha⁻¹ in 19 ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1994.00021962008600020018x