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American journal of agricultural economics
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8003-1997
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1997 v.79 no.3
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- Author:
- Timothy J. Richards; Pieter. Van Ispelen; Albert Kagan
- Source:
- American journal of agricultural economics 1997 v.79 no.3 pp. 825-837
- ISSN:
- 0002-9092
- Subject:
- apples; market share; elasticities; international trade; governmental programs and projects; econometric models; case studies; market competition; United Kingdom; United States; Singapore
- Abstract:
- ... Export promotion programs are intended to help U.S. exporters enter, maintain, and expand foreign markets, but little is known of their success in achieving each of these goals. In this paper we attempt to determine the effectiveness of export promotion in increasing both U.S. market share and total import consumption using apple imports by Singapore and the United Kingdom as case studies. Estimat ...
- DOI:
- 10.2307/1244424
- https://doi.org/10.2307/1244424
- Author:
- Diana M. Burton
- Source:
- American journal of agricultural economics 1997 v.79 no.3 pp. 964-974
- ISSN:
- 0002-9092
- Subject:
- forest policy; economic impact; employment; federal government; state government; logging; laws and regulations; probability analysis; Oregon
- Abstract:
- ... Linkages between sector‐specific policy and sector employment are explored using a nonstationary Markov chain analysis. When parameterization of transition probabilities between employment sectors includes policy variables, hypothesis tests can determine policy impact relative to other variables. This astructural approach eliminates bias inherent in structural models. Application of this technique ...
- DOI:
- 10.2307/1244436
- https://doi.org/10.2307/1244436
- Author:
- Colin A. Carter; Donald MacLaren
- Source:
- American journal of agricultural economics 1997 v.79 no.3 pp. 703-714
- ISSN:
- 0002-9092
- Subject:
- North American Free Trade Agreement; wheat; tariffs; international trade; cost benefit analysis; trade negotiations; United States; Canada
- Abstract:
- ... The U.S. government notified the GATT in 1994 that it intended to increase tariff rates on wheat and barley imported from Canada. This threat of increased permanent protection resulted in Canada voluntarily agreeing to restrict wheat sales to the United States. Why would Canada agree to this outcome which would lead to a welfare loss? The payoffs to each country associated with alternative trade w ...
- DOI:
- 10.2307/1244413
- https://doi.org/10.2307/1244413
- Author:
- David A. Hennessy
- Source:
- American journal of agricultural economics 1997 v.79 no.3 pp. 786-791
- ISSN:
- 0002-9092
- Subject:
- mathematical models; weed control; farm inputs; equations; costs and returns; herbicides; control methods
- Abstract:
- ... Recently, researchers have been paying attention to the possibility of increasing returns to the use of damage control inputs under very plausible technologies. By looking at the mathematical structure of damage and control functions, we can describe a necessary and sufficient condition on these functions for locally increasing returns to occur. Using examples, I demonstrate how the result can be ...
- DOI:
- 10.2307/1244420
- https://doi.org/10.2307/1244420
- Author:
- Richard E. Just; Quinn Weninger
- Source:
- American journal of agricultural economics 1997 v.79 no.3 pp. 902-917
- ISSN:
- 0002-9092
- Subject:
- welfare economics; economic analysis; consumer information; regression analysis; food and nutrition programs; governmental programs and projects; farmers' markets; food aid; program evaluation; vegetables; food consumption; Iowa; Texas; Vermont; Massachusetts; Pennsylvania
- Abstract:
- ... A framework is developed to evaluate food assistance programs and is applied to the Farmers' Market Nutrition Program—a program intended to increase consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables (F…V) by providing coupons and information. Because individuals differ, some coupons are unused, some replace existing consumption and simply enhance income, and some induce increased consumption. Results sho ...
- DOI:
- 10.2307/1244431
- https://doi.org/10.2307/1244431
- Author:
- Ashok K. Mishra; Barry K. Goodwin
- Source:
- American journal of agricultural economics 1997 v.79 no.3 pp. 880-887
- ISSN:
- 0002-9092
- Subject:
- farm income; labor; off-farm employment; marriage; decision making; household income; economic impact; governmental programs and projects; econometric models; farmers' attitudes; risk; Kansas
- Abstract:
- ... If farmers are risk averse, greater farm income variability should increase off‐farm labor supply. This effect is confirmed for a sample of Kansas farmers. Off‐farm employment of farmers and their spouses is also found to be significantly influenced by farm experience, off‐farm work experience, farm size, leverage, efficiency, and farm‐specific education. In addition, farm operators and spouses wh ...
- Handle:
- 10113/43499
- DOI:
- 10.2307/1244429
- https://doi.org/10.2307/1244429
- Author:
- Anjana Bhattacharyya; Subal C. Kumbhakar
- Source:
- American journal of agricultural economics 1997 v.79 no.3 pp. 860-871
- ISSN:
- 0002-9092
- Subject:
- rice; yields; production functions; input prices; markets; equations; laws and regulations; developing countries; shadow prices; India
- Abstract:
- ... In view of widespread capital market imperfections and farmers' budget constraints in developing countries, an indirect production function (IPF) is used for a study of 289 Indian paddy growers. The analysis generalizes the IPF to accommodate the numerous kinds of market imperfections and policy‐induced distortions that pervade less developed countries' agriculture. The presence of these distortio ...
- DOI:
- 10.2307/1244427
- https://doi.org/10.2307/1244427
- Author:
- Paul J. Driscoll; S. Murthy Kambhampaty; Wayne D. Purcell
- Source:
- American journal of agricultural economics 1997 v.79 no.3 pp. 872-879
- ISSN:
- 0002-9092
- Subject:
- packaging; profits and margins; beef; oligopoly; costs and returns; econometric models; data collection; prices; yields; elasticities; economic theory; livestock and meat industry; market power
- Abstract:
- ... In this paper, we develop new, nonparametric methods of testing for static profit maximization given noncompetitive behavior. Repeated application of the test yields “maximum likelihood” estimates of the degree of noncompetitive behavior. Using plant‐level data, these newly developed nonparametric methods are employed to test the hypothesis that beef packers are profit maximizers and to measure th ...
- DOI:
- 10.2307/1244428
- https://doi.org/10.2307/1244428
- Author:
- Jorge Fernandez‐Cornejo; C. Richard Shumway
- Source:
- American journal of agricultural economics 1997 v.79 no.3 pp. 738-753
- ISSN:
- 0002-9092
- Subject:
- input output analysis; economic development; agricultural research; costs and returns; technology transfer; statistical analysis; production economics; agriculture; Mexico
- Abstract:
- ... Partial and total factor productivity (TFP) measures of Mexican agriculture are calculated for 1960–90. The long‐run effects of research and international transfer of technology on TFP are examined over the 1940‐90 period using cointegration procedures. TFP increased at an average annual rate of 2.5%, exceeding the corresponding growth in the United States (2.1%). TFP grew particularly fast in the ...
- DOI:
- 10.2307/1244416
- https://doi.org/10.2307/1244416
- Author:
- Paul W. Heisey; Melinda Smale; Derek Byerlee; Edward Souza
- Source:
- American journal of agricultural economics 1997 v.79 no.3 pp. 726-737
- ISSN:
- 0002-9092
- Subject:
- rust diseases; mathematical models; high-yielding varieties; genetic resistance; farm management; Triticum aestivum; disease resistance; opportunity costs; farmers' attitudes; genetic variation; decision making; Pakistan
- Abstract:
- ... The theory of impure public goods is used to demonstrate why farmers may not grow wheat cultivars with the socially desirable level of rust resistance. First, they may grow cultivars that are high yielding though susceptible to rust. Second, many farmers may grow cultivars with a similar genetic basis of resistance. Expected rust losses can be reduced by (a) more diversified genetic background in ...
- DOI:
- 10.2307/1244415
- https://doi.org/10.2307/1244415
- Author:
- David A. Hennessy; Thomas I. Wahl
- Source:
- American journal of agricultural economics 1997 v.79 no.3 pp. 888-901
- ISSN:
- 0002-9092
- Subject:
- costs and returns; equations; marketing; wheat; elevators; cleaning; decision making
- Abstract:
- ... In this paper we develop a microeconomic optimization model of grain elevator cleaning and commingling decisions when the firm is faced with different discounting schedules. Using generalizations of Jensen's inequality, it is shown that a convex (concave) discount schedule encourages commingling (cleaning). However, a separate market for cleanings may qualitatively alter the optimal arrangement of ...
- DOI:
- 10.2307/1244430
- https://doi.org/10.2307/1244430
- Author:
- Anjini Kochar
- Source:
- American journal of agricultural economics 1997 v.79 no.3 pp. 754-763
- ISSN:
- 0002-9092
- Subject:
- farm inputs; agricultural credit; ownership; irrigation; farms; regression analysis; draft animals; agriculture; decision making; India
- Abstract:
- ... While it is commonly believed that lack of access to government‐subsidized “formal” credit underlies observed differences in farm productivity in rural India, there is little empirical evidence on this issue. In this paper I address this issue by examining whether households use the farm land rental market to equilibrate their access to formal credit, as they are known to do in the case of other i ...
- DOI:
- 10.2307/1244417
- https://doi.org/10.2307/1244417
- Author:
- Dennis Tao Yang
- Source:
- American journal of agricultural economics 1997 v.79 no.3 pp. 764-772
- ISSN:
- 0002-9092
- Subject:
- mathematical models; household income; farm inputs; household surveys; farm management; least squares; farm income; academic achievement; value added; farm labor; production functions; measurement; decision making; China
- Abstract:
- ... Production function studies have used the education of the head of the household or the average education of farm workers to assess the contribution of schooling to farm efficiency. In this paper I critically examine the information content of these measures by developing a team production model which suggests separate education measures to approximate labor quality and managerial skills. Empirica ...
- DOI:
- 10.2307/1244418
- https://doi.org/10.2307/1244418
- Author:
- Bruce Bjornson; Colin A. Carter
- Source:
- American journal of agricultural economics 1997 v.79 no.3 pp. 918-930
- ISSN:
- 0002-9092
- Subject:
- stocks and shares; risk; costs and returns; cattle; soybeans; corn; wheat; information; duration; interest (finance); inflation; econometric models; economic development; futures trading; soybean meal; swine
- Abstract:
- ... Holding commodity stocks is a major investment that commodity producers, merchants, and processors must continually manage. In this paper we study the conditional risk and return characteristics of commodities. We use a generalized method of moments estimator in a model of conditional expected returns under a single‐beta asset pricing theory framework, allowing both the risk premium and the beta t ...
- DOI:
- 10.2307/1244432
- https://doi.org/10.2307/1244432
- Author:
- Sanjib Bhuyan; Rigoberto A. Lopez
- Source:
- American journal of agricultural economics 1997 v.79 no.3 pp. 1035-1043
- ISSN:
- 0002-9092
- Subject:
- profits and margins; food industry; tobacco industry; oligopoly; economies of scale; costs and returns; demand elasticities; equations; market power
- Abstract:
- ... In this article we estimate and test for the degree of oligopoly power and economies of scale in forty food and tobacco industries using the New Empirical Industrial Organization (NEIO) framework and four‐digit SIC data. Lerner indices and elasticities of scale are compared throughout the entire food and tobacco industries. T‐tests verify that all but three of these industries exert statistically ...
- DOI:
- 10.2307/1244442
- https://doi.org/10.2307/1244442
- Author:
- Bengt Kriström
- Source:
- American journal of agricultural economics 1997 v.79 no.3 pp. 1013-1023
- ISSN:
- 0002-9092
- Subject:
- airports; surveys; probability analysis; water transportation; cost benefit analysis; opportunity costs; willingness to pay; consumer attitudes; probabilistic models; Sweden; Finland
- Abstract:
- ... Spike models allow for a nonzero probability of zero willingness to pay in referendum‐style contingent valuation experiments. They include many of the often used models as special cases and allow various analyses that are not possible in standard applications. In this paper, the economic rationale for the spike models and their estimation techniques are discussed, and empirical illustrations are p ...
- DOI:
- 10.2307/1244440
- https://doi.org/10.2307/1244440
- Author:
- Atanu Saha; C. Richard Shumway; Arthur Havenner
- Source:
- American journal of agricultural economics 1997 v.79 no.3 pp. 773-785
- ISSN:
- 0002-9092
- Subject:
- equipment; pesticides; agrochemicals; farm inputs; input prices; production functions; stochastic processes; econometric models; land; fertilizers; wheat; Triticum aestivum; economic threshold; Kansas
- Abstract:
- ... Concern for the potentially harmful side effects of agricultural chemical inputs, especially pesticides, highlights the need to accurately determine the economic levels of their use. We consider three model specification issues: interaction of direct production inputs with damage control inputs in damage abatement, justification for a priori exclusion of production inputs from the abatement functi ...
- DOI:
- 10.2307/1244419
- https://doi.org/10.2307/1244419
- Author:
- Janaki R.R. Alavalapati; Wiktor L. Adamowicz; Martin K. Luckert
- Source:
- American journal of agricultural economics 1997 v.79 no.3 pp. 975-986
- ISSN:
- 0002-9092
- Subject:
- dynamic models; oligopoly; wood pulp; regression analysis; market prices; market power; international trade; pulp and paper industry; economic impact; Canada; United States
- Abstract:
- ... The effects of the Canada‐U.S. exchange rate, the U.S. pulp price, and the domestic use of pulp on the Canadian pulp price are investigated using a cointegration analysis. Results suggest that the U.S. pulp price is more important than other variables in determining the price of pulp in Canada. The incomplete pass‐through of the exchange rate indicates that Canadian pulp producers may not have mar ...
- DOI:
- 10.2307/1244437
- https://doi.org/10.2307/1244437
- Author:
- Tsunemasa Kawaguchi; Nobuhiro Suzuki; Harry M. Kaiser
- Source:
- American journal of agricultural economics 1997 v.79 no.3 pp. 851-859
- ISSN:
- 0002-9092
- Subject:
- demand functions; costs and returns; market prices; imperfect competition; econometric models; dairy industry; Japan
- Abstract:
- ... A generalization of Takayama and Judge's spatial equilibrium model that allows for any degree of market structure is presented. The model is applied to the Japanese dairy industry to examine interregional milk movements generated under alternative assumed degrees of market competition. The results indicate that the perfect competition and monopoly equilibrium solutions result in a lower and a high ...
- DOI:
- 10.2307/1244426
- https://doi.org/10.2307/1244426
- Author:
- Eyal Brill; Eithan Hochman; David Zilberman
- Source:
- American journal of agricultural economics 1997 v.79 no.3 pp. 952-963
- ISSN:
- 0002-9092
- Subject:
- mathematical models; water supply; legal rights; farmers; equations; market prices; water allocation; Israel
- Abstract:
- ... Efficient water pricing schemes are introduced for nonprofit water agencies, where members have property rights based upon historical usage. The existing average cost rate design is compared with the proposed designs, “active trading” and “passive trading.” Both schemes lead to efficiency, but “passive trading” has operational advantages since it generates less transaction costs than “active tradi ...
- DOI:
- 10.2307/1244435
- https://doi.org/10.2307/1244435