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- Author:
- Roughead, Zamzam, K.; Zito, Carol A.; Hunt, Janet R.
- Source:
- American journal of clinical nutrition 2002 v.76 no.2 pp. 419
- ISSN:
- 0002-9165
- Subject:
- dietary minerals; dietary nutrient sources; cheeses; fortified foods; mineral content; calcium; iron; nutrient intake; food conversion; iron absorption; nutrient uptake; heme iron; serosa; humans; erythrocytes
- Abstract:
- ... Background: Quantitative data on the mucosal uptake and serosal transfer of nonheme-iron absorption in humans and the effects of calcium on these components are limited. Objective: Our objective was to measure the initial mucosal uptake and the subsequent serosal transfer of nonheme iron and to determine the effects of adding calcium to a meal on both heme- and nonheme-iron retention. Design: Whol ...
- Handle:
- 10113/46500
- PubMed:
- 12145016
-
- Author:
- Barefoot, John C.; Grønbæk, Morten; Feaganes, John R.; McPherson, R. Sue; Williams, Redford B.; Siegler, Ilene C.
- Source:
- American journal of clinical nutrition 2002 v.76 no.2 pp. 466-472
- ISSN:
- 0002-9165
- Subject:
- beers; body mass index; cholesterol; cross-sectional studies; drinking; eating habits; education; food groups; healthy diet; heart; income; lifestyle; meat; men; nutrients; vegetables; wines; women
- Abstract:
- ... Background: Moderate alcohol intake is related to better health, and additional benefits may be associated with wine. However, beverage preference may be confounded by lifestyle factors related to health. Objective: The goal was to describe the associations between alcoholic-beverage preferences and indicators of a healthy diet and other health habits. Design: This cross-sectional study included d ...
- PubMed:
- 12145024
-
- Author:
- Blanck, Heidi Michels; Bowman, Barbara A.; Serdula, Mary K.; Khan, Laura Kettel; Kohn, William; Woodruff, Bradley A.
- Source:
- American journal of clinical nutrition 2002 v.76 no.2 pp. 430-435
- ISSN:
- 0002-9165
- Subject:
- adolescents; clinical examination; erythrocytes; fearfulness; folic acid; glutathione-disulfide reductase; interviews; iron; mouth; odds ratio; riboflavin; surveys; vitamin B12; Bhutan; Nepal
- Abstract:
- ... Background: Between 1990 and 1993, fear of ethnic persecution led 83000 ethnic Nepalese to flee from Bhutan to refugee camps in Nepal, where they remained at the time of this study. Reported cases of angular stomatitis (AS), ie, thinning or fissuring at the mouth angles, increased 6-fold from December 1998 to March 1999, from 5.5 to 35.6 cases per 1000 per month. This increase came after the remov ...
- PubMed:
- 12145018
-
- Author:
- Venho, Birgitta; Voutilainen, Sari; Valkonen, Veli-Pekka; Virtanen, Jyrki; Lakka, Timo A.; Rissanen, Tiina H.; Ovaskainen, Marja-Leena; Laitinen, Matti; Salonen, Jukka T.
- Source:
- American journal of clinical nutrition 2002 v.76 no.2 pp. 359-364
- ISSN:
- 0002-9165
- Subject:
- arginine; atherosclerosis; body mass index; cohort studies; coronary vessels; dietary supplements; excretion; exercise test; food intake; high density lipoprotein; low density lipoprotein cholesterol; men; metabolites; myocardial ischemia; nicotine; nitric oxide; oxygen; relative risk; risk factors; systolic blood pressure; triacylglycerols; Finland
- Abstract:
- ... Background: Evidence suggests that dietary supplementation of l-arginine, the precursor of nitric oxide, may protect arteries against atherosclerosis. Objective: We tested the hypothesis that dietary arginine intake is associated with a decreased risk of acute coronary events in Finnish men aged 42-60 y. Design: We investigated this association in a prospective cohort study of men who were free of ...
- PubMed:
- 12145007
-
- Author:
- Louheranta, Anne M.; Sarkkinen, Essi S.; Vidgren, Helvi M.; Schwab, Ursula S.; Uusitupa, Matti I.J.
- Source:
- American journal of clinical nutrition 2002 v.76 no.2 pp. 331-337
- ISSN:
- 0002-9165
- Subject:
- alpha-linolenic acid; arachidonic acid; blood glucose; blood lipids; dietary fat; fatty acid composition; glucose; glucose tolerance; insulin; oleic acid; phospholipids
- Abstract:
- ... Background: Both the amount and quality of dietary fat can modify glucose and insulin metabolism. Objective: The objective was to examine the relation between serum lipid fatty acids and glucose metabolism before and after the consumption of a diet enriched in either monounsaturated (Mono diet) or polyunsaturated (Poly diet) fatty acids. Design: After consuming a high-saturated-fat run-in diet for ...
- PubMed:
- 12145003
-
- Author:
- Meininger, Gary; Hadigan, Colleen; Rietschel, Petra; Grinspoon, Steven
- Source:
- American journal of clinical nutrition 2002 v.76 no.2 pp. 460-465
- ISSN:
- 0002-9165
- Subject:
- abdominal fat; body mass index; computed tomography; dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; glucose; glucose tolerance; hyperinsulinemia; insulin; men; models; patients; subcutaneous fat; variance
- Abstract:
- ... Background: Fat redistribution and metabolic abnormalities are seen increasingly in HIV-positive patients. However, the degree to which abnormalities in fat distribution predict glucose and insulin concentrations in these patients remains unknown. Objective: We determined how well measurements of fat distribution derived from anthropometry, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and computed tomography ...
- PubMed:
- 12145023
-
- Author:
- Callow, Joanne; Summers, Lucinda K.M.; Bradshaw, Hilary; Frayn, Keith N.
- Source:
- American journal of clinical nutrition 2002 v.76 no.2 pp. 345-350
- ISSN:
- 0002-9165
- Subject:
- cholesteryl esters; dietary fat; fasting; fatty acid composition; lipid content; low density lipoprotein cholesterol; polyunsaturated fatty acids; saturated fatty acids; triacylglycerols
- Abstract:
- ... Background: Remodeling of lipoprotein particles in the postprandial period is considered to be an important source of atherogenic particles, but acute changes occurring after meals have been little studied. Objective: We sought to characterize changes in LDL particle composition occurring after a single meal, with particular reference to potential lipid exchange with particles carrying dietary fat ...
- PubMed:
- 12145005
-
- Author:
- Haderslev, Kent V.; Tjellesen, Lone; Sorensen, Henrik A.; Staun, Michael
- Source:
- American journal of clinical nutrition 2002 v.76 no.2 pp. 482-488
- ISSN:
- 0002-9165
- Subject:
- biomarkers; bone density; bone resorption; dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; intravenous injection; lumbar spine; osteocalcin; osteoporosis; parenteral feeding; patients; risk
- Abstract:
- ... Background: Patients receiving home parenteral nutrition (HPN) because of intestinal failure are at high risk of developing osteoporosis. Objective: We studied the effect of the bisphosphonate clodronate on bone mineral density (BMD) and markers of bone turnover in HPN patients. Design: A 12-mo, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial was conducted to study the effect of 1500 mg clodron ...
- PubMed:
- 12145026
-
- Author:
- Jenkins, David J.A.; Kendall, Cyril W.C.; Jackson, Chung-Ja C.; Connelly, Philip W.; Parker, Tina; Faulkner, Dorothea; Vidgen, Edward; Cunnane, Stephen C.; Leiter, Lawrence A.; Josse, Robert G.
- Source:
- American journal of clinical nutrition 2002 v.76 no.2 pp. 365-372
- ISSN:
- 0002-9165
- Subject:
- blood lipids; isoflavones; men; soy protein; apolipoprotein B; women; gender differences; high density lipoprotein cholesterol; coronary vessels; low density lipoprotein; low fat dairy products; risk factors; systolic blood pressure; blood; homocysteine
- Abstract:
- ... Background: Many of the benefits of soy have been attributed to soy isoflavones. Objective: The objective was to determine the effects of high- and low-isoflavone soy-protein foods on both lipid and nonlipid risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods: Forty-one hyperlipidemic men and postmenopausal women participated in a study with three 1-mo diets: a low-fat dairy food control diet ...
- PubMed:
- 12145008
-
- Author:
- Marín, Carmen; López-Miranda, José; Gómez, Purificación; Paz, Elier; Pérez-Martínez, Pablo; Fuentes, Francisco; Jiménez-Perepérez, José Antonio; Ordovás, José María; Pérez-Jiménez, Francisco
- Source:
- American journal of clinical nutrition 2002 v.76 no.2 pp. 319-325
- ISSN:
- 0002-9165
- Subject:
- apolipoprotein A-I; blood; cholesterol metabolism; genes; homozygosity; humans; low density lipoprotein cholesterol; mutation; retinyl palmitate
- Abstract:
- ... Background: There is considerable interindividual variability in the postprandial lipid response to a fat-rich meal, and genetic factors have been considered to account for some of these effects. We previously showed that the G-A mutation 5' to the apolipoprotein (apo) A-I gene was significantly associated with the LDL-cholesterol response to diet. Objective: We evaluated whether this effect is me ...
- PubMed:
- 12145001
-
- Author:
- Wong, William W.; Hergenroeder, Albert C.; Stuff, Janice E.; Butte, Nancy F.; Smith, E. O'Brian; Ellis, Kenneth J.
- Source:
- American journal of clinical nutrition 2002 v.76 no.2 pp. 384-389
- ISSN:
- 0002-9165
- Subject:
- African Americans; adolescents; body fat; body measurements; body water; dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; females; girls; humans; mineral content; models
- Abstract:
- ... Background: Within the past 10 y, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) has become one of the most widely used methods of measuring human body composition. However, DXA has not been fully evaluated against an independent criterion method of measuring body fatness in young females. Objective: Our objective was to determine the bias and agreement between DXA and a 4-compartment model in predicting ...
- PubMed:
- 12145011
-
- Author:
- Couillard, Charles; Bergeron, Nathalie; Pascot, Agnès; Alméras, Natalie; Bergeron, Jean; Tremblay, Angelo; Prud’homme, Denis; Després, Jean-Pierre
- Source:
- American journal of clinical nutrition 2002 v.76 no.2 pp. 311-318
- ISSN:
- 0002-9165
- Subject:
- abdominal fat; blood; carbohydrates; dietary fat; hypertriglyceridemia; insulin; lipolysis; lipoproteins; men; obesity; surface area; triacylglycerols; visceral fat
- Abstract:
- ... Background: Abdominal obesity has been associated with postprandial hypertriglyceridemia. The contribution of intestinally and hepatically derived lipoproteins to this exaggerated postprandial lipemic response is not known. Objective: We examined the associations between body fatness, fat distribution, and postprandial apolipoprotein (apo) B-48 and apo B-100 concentrations measured in triacylglyce ...
- PubMed:
- 12145000
-
- Author:
- Setchell, Kenneth D.R.; Brown, Nadine M.; Zimmer-Nechemias, Linda; Brashear, Wayne T.; Wolfe, Brian E.; Kirschner, Abby S.; Heubi, James E.
- Source:
- American journal of clinical nutrition 2002 v.76 no.2 pp. 447-453
- ISSN:
- 0002-9165
- Subject:
- absorption; adults; beta-glucosidase; beta-glucuronidase; bioavailability; cell culture; daidzein; daidzin; gas chromatography; genistein; genistin; glycosides; humans; hydrolysis; ingestion; intestinal absorption; ionization; mass spectrometry; metabolism; solid phase extraction; soymilk; sugars
- Abstract:
- ... Background: The isoflavones daidzein and genistein occur naturally in most soyfoods, conjugated almost exclusively to sugars. Controversy exists regarding the extent of bioavailability of isoflavone glycosides, and the mechanism of intestinal absorption of isoflavones in humans is unclear. Evidence from intestinal perfusion and in vitro cell culture studies indicates that isoflavone glycosides are ...
- PubMed:
- 12145021
-
- Author:
- Davy, Brenda M.; Davy, Kevin P.; Ho, Richard C.; Beske, Stacy D.; Davrath, Linda R.; Melby, Christopher L.
- Source:
- American journal of clinical nutrition 2002 v.76 no.2 pp. 351-358
- ISSN:
- 0002-9165
- Subject:
- blood; blood lipids; cardioprotective effect; dietary fiber; high density lipoprotein cholesterol; insulin resistance; low density lipoprotein cholesterol; men; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; oats; particle size; soluble fiber; triacylglycerols; very low density lipoprotein; wheat
- Abstract:
- ... Background: No studies have examined whether increased consumption of oat cereal, rich in soluble fiber, favorably alters lipoprotein particle size and number. Objective: We examined the effects of large servings of either oat or wheat cereal on plasma lipids, lipoprotein subclasses, lipoprotein particle diameters, and LDL particle number. Design: Thirty-six overweight men aged 50-75 y were random ...
- PubMed:
- 12145006
-
- Author:
- McNulty, Helene; McKinley, Michelle C.; Wilson, Barbara; McPartlin, Joseph; Strain, J.J.; Weir, Donald G.; Scott, John M.
- Source:
- American journal of clinical nutrition 2002 v.76 no.2 pp. 436-441
- ISSN:
- 0002-9165
- Subject:
- cross-sectional studies; disease prevention; erythrocytes; folic acid; glutathione-disulfide reductase; homocysteine; homozygosity; in vitro studies; issues and policy; metabolism; methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase; riboflavin; risk
- Abstract:
- ... Background: Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR; EC 1.7.99.5) supplies the folate needed for the metabolism of homocysteine. A reduction in MTHFR activity, as occurs in the homozygous state for the 677C to T (so-called thermolabile) enzyme variant (TT genotype), is associated with an increase in plasma total homocysteine (tHcy). Objective: In vitro studies suggest that the reduced activity ...
- PubMed:
- 12145019
-
- Author:
- Hughes, Virginia A.; Frontera, Walter R.; Roubenoff, Ronenn; Evans, William J.; Fiatarone Singh, Maria A
- Source:
- American journal of clinical nutrition 2002 v.76 no.2 pp. 473-481
- ISSN:
- 0002-9165
- Subject:
- strength training; weight gain; men; women; lean body mass
- Abstract:
- ... Background: Estimates of body-composition change in older adults are mostly derived from cross-sectional data. Objective: We examined the natural longitudinal patterns of change in fat-free mass (FFM) and fat mass (FM) in older adults and explored the effect of physical activity, weight change, and age on these changes. Design: The body composition measured by hydrodensitometry and the level of sp ...
- PubMed:
- 12145025
-
- Author:
- Kurpad, Anura V.; Regan, Meredith M.; Raj, Tony; El-Khoury, Antoine; Kuriyan, Rebecca; Vaz, Mario; Chandakudlu, Deepak; Venkataswamy, Venna G.; Borgonha, Sudhir; Young, Vernon R.
- Source:
- American journal of clinical nutrition 2002 v.76 no.2 pp. 404-412
- ISSN:
- 0002-9165
- Subject:
- Food and Agriculture Organization; World Health Organization; adults; experimental diets; leucine; lysine; oxidation; regression analysis
- Abstract:
- ... Background: The mean lysine requirement of healthy Indian subjects was estimated from short-term experimental diet periods to be 29 mg · kg-1 · d-1, which is higher than the 1985 FAO/WHO/UNU upper requirement of 12 mg · kg-1 · d-1. Objective: Our objective was to confirm our proposed requirement of 29 mg · kg-1 · d-1 by extending the diet period to 21 d and by using 4 test lysine intakes (12, 20, ...
- PubMed:
- 12145014
-
- Author:
- Sanders, Thomas A.B.; Dean, Tracey S.; Grainger, David; Miller, George J.; Wiseman, Helen
- Source:
- American journal of clinical nutrition 2002 v.76 no.2 pp. 373-377
- ISSN:
- 0002-9165
- Subject:
- apolipoprotein A-I; blood; blood lipids; fasting; fibrinogen; high density lipoprotein cholesterol; isoflavones; low density lipoprotein cholesterol; men; myocardial ischemia; plant estrogens; plasminogen activator; risk factors; soy protein; soybeans; transforming growth factor beta 1; women
- Abstract:
- ... Background: Soybeans contain estrogenic isoflavones that may influence plasma concentrations of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and plasma lipid and hemostatic risk factors for coronary heart disease. Objective: We compared the effects of moderate intakes of soy protein containing intact phytoestrogens (high-isoflavone diet) and soy protein from which most of the phytoestrogens had been ext ...
-
- Author:
- Møller, Peter; Loft, Steffen
- Source:
- American journal of clinical nutrition 2002 v.76 no.2 pp. 303-310
- ISSN:
- 0002-9165
- Subject:
- DNA damage; antioxidant activity; ascorbic acid; carotenoids; carrot juice; eating habits; epidemiological studies; humans; leukocytes; seasonal variation; vitamin E
- Abstract:
- ... Many epidemiologic studies have addressed the possible preventive effects of antioxidants in disease causation and progression. With the use of molecular techniques, it is feasible to investigate specific properties of antioxidants in intervention studies. The most widely used techniques to investigate oxidative DNA damage in white blood cells are the measurement of 7-hydroxy-8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosi ...
- PubMed:
- 12144999
-
- Author:
- Amundsen, Ågot L.; Ose, Leiv; Nenseter, Marit S.; Ntanios, Fady Y.
- Source:
- American journal of clinical nutrition 2002 v.76 no.2 pp. 338-344
- ISSN:
- 0002-9165
- Subject:
- alanine transaminase; alpha-tocopherol; apolipoprotein A-I; apolipoprotein B; blood; blood lipids; children; diet; heart; high density lipoprotein cholesterol; humans; hypercholesterolemia; low density lipoprotein cholesterol; lycopene; phytosterols; sterol esters; triacylglycerols; vitamin A
- Abstract:
- ... Background: Naturally occurring plant sterol esters (SEs) favorably affect serum cholesterol concentrations in humans and could aid in the treatment of children with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). Objective: We studied the effect of SE-enriched spread on serum lipids, lipoproteins, carotenoids, fat-soluble vitamins, and physiologic variables in children with FH aged 7-12 y. Design: In a rando ...
- PubMed:
- 12145004
-