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1. Accuracy of genomic prediction within and across populations for nematode resistance and body weight traits in sheep

Author:
Riggio, V.; Abdel-Aziz, M.; Matika, O.; Moreno, C. R.; Carta, A.; Bishop, S. C.
Source:
Animal 2014 v.8 no.4 pp. 520-528
ISSN:
1751-732X
Subject:
Nematodirus; Scottish Blackface; Strongylidae; Texel; backcrossing; body weight; breeding value; data collection; fecal egg count; genetic merit; genetic relationships; genetic variation; genotype; genotyping; immunoglobulin A; lambs; linkage disequilibrium; loci; phenotype; population structure; prediction; quantitative trait loci; single nucleotide polymorphism
Abstract:
... Genomic prediction utilizes single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chip data to predict animal genetic merit. It has the advantage of potentially capturing the effects of the majority of loci that contribute to genetic variation in a trait, even when the effects of the individual loci are very small. To implement genomic prediction, marker effects are estimated with a training set, including individ ...
DOI:
10.1017/S1751731114000081
PubMed:
24636823

2. A comparison of two methods for determining titanium dioxide marker content in broiler digestibility studies

Author:
Morgan, N. K.; Scholey, D. V.; Burton, E. J.
Source:
Animal 2014 v.8 no.4 pp. 529-533
ISSN:
1751-732X
Subject:
diet; digesta; digestibility; digestion; excreta; feed intake; ileum; males; minerals; nutrient uptake; rapid methods; titanium dioxide; ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy
Abstract:
... The use of inert markers in broiler diets eliminates the need to quantitatively evaluate feed intake and excreta output to determine diet digestibility, and enables nutrient uptake at specific points along the gastrointestinal tract to be examined. Titanium dioxide (TiO₂) is commonly used for this purpose and measured using a UV-spectrophotometric assay. Two experiments were conducted to observe w ...
DOI:
10.1017/S1751731114000068
PubMed:
24513189

3. Adaptation and evaluation of the GrazeIn model of grass dry matter intake and milk yield prediction for grazing dairy cows

Author:
O’Neill, B. F.; Ruelle, E.; O’Donovan, M.; Shalloo, L.; Mulligan, F. J.; Boland, T. M.; Delaby, L.; Delagarde, R.; Lewis, E.
Source:
Animal 2014 v.8 no.4 pp. 596-609
ISSN:
1751-732X
Subject:
body condition; calving; cell death; cell differentiation; dairy cows; data collection; decision making; dry matter intake; energy; grasses; grazing; grazing management; late lactation; milk; milk consumption; milk yield; models; prediction; sward
Abstract:
... The prediction of grass dry matter intake (GDMI) and milk yield (MY) are important to aid sward and grazing management decision making. Previous evaluations of the GrazeIn model identified weaknesses in the prediction of GDMI and MY for grazing dairy cows. To increase the accuracy of GDMI and MY prediction, GrazeIn was adapted, and then re-evaluated, using a data set of 3960 individual cow measure ...
DOI:
10.1017/S1751731113002486
PubMed:
24438821

4. Application of the a posteriori granddaughter design to the Holstein genome

Author:
Weller, J. I.; Cole, J. B.; VanRaden, P. M.; Wiggans, G. R.
Source:
Animal 2014 v.8 no.4 pp. 511
ISSN:
1751-732X
Subject:
Holstein; body conformation; calving; chromosomes; conception; cows; dairy cattle; fetal death; genes; genetic improvement; genetic variation; haplotypes; heifers; milk; milk fat percentage; milk fat yield; milk protein percentage; milk protein yield; pregnancy rate; probability; quantitative trait loci; sires; somatic cells; sons; United States
Abstract:
... An a posteriori granddaughter design was applied to estimate quantitative trait loci genotypes of sires with many sons in the US Holstein population. The results of this analysis can be used to determine concordance between specific polymorphisms and segregating quantitative trait loci. Determination of the actual polymorphisms responsible for observed genetic variation should increase the accurac ...
Handle:
10113/58858
DOI:
10.1017/S1751731114000111
PubMed:
24636822

5. Banana meal for feeding pigs: digestive utilization, growth performance and feeding behavior

Author:
Renaudeau, D.; Brochain, J.; Giorgi, M.; Bocage, B.; Hery, M.; Crantor, E.; Marie-Magdeleine, C.; Archimède, H.
Source:
Animal 2014 v.8 no.4 pp. 565-571
ISSN:
1751-732X
Subject:
Large White; average daily gain; bananas; diet; digestibility; digestible energy; energy; feed conversion; feed intake; feeding behavior; finishing; fruits; growth performance; harvesting; ingestion; metabolizable energy; soybeans; swine
Abstract:
... The main objective of the present work was to determine the nutritional value and the strategies of using green banana meal (BM) in growing pigs. Two trials involving a total of 96 growing pigs were designed to study the effect of the harvest stage on the nutritional and energy values of BM (trial 1) and to evaluate the consequence of feeding gradual levels of BM on growth performance and feeding ...
DOI:
10.1017/S175173111400010X
PubMed:
24528838

6. Comparison of the inter- and intra-observer repeatability of three gait-scoring scales for sows

Author:
Nalon, E.; Maes, D.; Van Dongen, S.; van Riet, M. M. J.; Janssens, G. P. J.; Millet, S.; Tuyttens, F. A. M.
Source:
Animal 2014 v.8 no.4 pp. 650-659
ISSN:
1751-732X
Subject:
European Union; attitudes and opinions; experts; gait; lameness; sows; students; veterinary medicine
Abstract:
... Most gait-scoring scales for pigs have a limited number of categories, supposedly to improve repeatability. However, reducing the number of categories could lead to loss of information if the observers’ discriminative capacities are underused. With a recently estimated within-herd prevalence of sow lameness of 8.8% to 16.9% in the European Union and the associated losses, the availability of relia ...
DOI:
10.1017/S1751731113002462
PubMed:
24438690

7. Contrasting cellularity on fat deposition in the subcutaneous adipose tissue and longissimus lumborum muscle from lean and fat pigs under dietary protein reduction

Author:
Lopes, P. A.; Costa, A. S. H.; Costa, P.; Pires, V. M. R.; Madeira, M. S.; Achega, F.; Pinto, R. M. A.; Prates, J. A. M.
Source:
Animal 2014 v.8 no.4 pp. 629-637
ISSN:
1751-732X
Subject:
adipocytes; adipose tissue; backfat; dietary protein; droplets; gene expression; genetic background; industry; insulin; intramuscular fat; leptin; lipid metabolism; longissimus muscle; low protein diet; messenger RNA; pork; subcutaneous fat; swine; swine feeding; thickness; triacylglycerols
Abstract:
... The production of pork with high amounts of intramuscular fat (IMF) without an increase in subcutaneous fat is highly desirable for the pig industry and consumers. Herein, we question the impact of dietary protein reduction (18% v. 13%) on fat deposition in the subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and longissimus lumborum (LL) muscle using genetically diverse pigs for body fatness (lean v. fat). A cl ...
DOI:
10.1017/S1751731114000160
PubMed:
24636826

8. Different resource allocation strategies result from selection for litter size at weaning in rabbit does

Author:
Savietto, D.; Cervera, C.; Ródenas, L.; Martínez-Paredes, E.; Baselga, M.; García-Diego, F. J.; Larsen, T.; Friggens, N. C.; Pascual, J. J.
Source:
Animal 2014 v.8 no.4 pp. 618-628
ISSN:
1751-732X
Subject:
ambient temperature; diet; digestible energy; digestible protein; energy intake; females; heat; lactation; litter size; long term effects; milk yield; parturition; rabbits; reproductive performance; resource allocation; weaning
Abstract:
... This study examined the effect of long-term selection of a maternal rabbit line, solely for a reproductive criterion, on the ability of female rabbits to deal with constrained environmental conditions. Female rabbits from generations 16 and 36 (n=72 and 79, respectively) of a line founded and selected to increase litter size at weaning were compared simultaneously. Female rabbits were subjected to ...
DOI:
10.1017/S1751731113002437
PubMed:
24451195

9. Effect of milk replacer and rumen inert fat on growth and reproduction of Malpura ram lambs

Author:
Kumar, D.; Bhatt, R. S.; Karim, S. A.; Naqvi, S. M. K.
Source:
Animal 2014 v.8 no.4 pp. 638-642
ISSN:
1751-732X
Subject:
Ailanthus excelsa; Prosopis cineraria; Vigna unguiculata; Ziziphus nummularia; climatic factors; cowpeas; feeding level; hay; lambs; leaves; length; milk replacer; puberty; rams; rearing; reconstituted milk; rumen; semen; sperm concentration; spermatozoa; suckling; testicular development; volume; weaning
Abstract:
... The objective of this study was to assess the effects of milk replacer and rumen inert fat on growth, testicular development, puberty, semen production and sperm motion characteristics of ram lambs reared under intensive management in semi-arid climatic conditions. Seven-day-old male lambs of Malpura breed (n=20) were divided equally into two groups. Up to weaning, the lambs in G1 group (control) ...
DOI:
10.1017/S1751731114000123
PubMed:
24524327

10. Effect of particle size and microbial phytase on phytate degradation in incubated maize and soybean meal

Author:
Ton Nu, M. A.; Blaabjerg, K.; Poulsen, H. D.
Source:
Animal 2014 v.8 no.4 pp. 534-541
ISSN:
1751-732X
Subject:
corn; feeds; grinding; models; pH; particle size; particle size distribution; phosphorus; phytases; phytic acid; soybean meal
Abstract:
... The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of screen size (1, 2 and 3 mm) and microbial phytase (0 and 1000 FTU/kg as-fed) on phytate degradation in maize (100% maize), soybean meal (100% SBM) and maize–SBM (75% maize and 25% SBM) incubated in water for 0, 2, 4, 8 and 24 h at 38°C. Samples were analysed for pH, dry matter and phytate phosphorus (P). Particle size distribution (PSD) and ...
DOI:
10.1017/S1751731114000159
PubMed:
24636824

11. Effects of castration and time-on-feed on Mertolenga breed beef quality

Author:
Monteiro, A. C. G.; Navas, D. R.; Lemos, J. P. C.
Source:
Animal 2014 v.8 no.4 pp. 675-682
ISSN:
1751-732X
Subject:
beef; beef quality; body weight; bulls; carcass weight; castration; collagen; color; cooking quality; dressing percentage; fat thickness; finishing; hardness; intramuscular fat; longissimus muscle; meat composition; pastures; physicochemical properties; principal component analysis; shear stress; steers; variance
Abstract:
... Physicochemical characteristics were determined in the longissimus lumborum muscle, after 8 days of ageing of steers (n=12) and bulls (n=12) from Mertolenga breed slaughtered directly from pasture (day 0) or after a finishing period of 50, 100 and 150 days in a feed-lot facility. Bulls and steers presented similar live weight (averaging 388 kg), carcass weight (CW; averaging 213 kg), dressing perc ...
DOI:
10.1017/S1751731114000196
PubMed:
24636828

12. Fatty acid profile, oxidative stability of pork lipids and meat quality indicators are not affected by birth weight

Author:
Alvarenga, A. L. N.; Sousa, R. V.; Parreira, G.G.; Chiarini-Garcia, H.; Almeida, F. R. C. L.
Source:
Animal 2014 v.8 no.4 pp. 660-666
ISSN:
1751-732X
Subject:
chemical analysis; cholesterol; cooking quality; finishing; lipid peroxidation; longissimus muscle; low birth weight; males; meat quality; oxidative stability; pH; piglets; polyunsaturated fatty acids; pork; rearing; sensory evaluation; temperature; thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances
Abstract:
... The aim of this study was to investigate whether fatty acid (FA) profile, oxidative stability of lipids and other meat quality traits differed between high (HW: 1.8 to 2.2 kg) and low (LW: 0.8 to 1.2 kg) birth weight piglets. Forty new-born male pigs (n=20 HW, n=20 LW) were reared in separate pens until the finishing period, when they were slaughtered at 150 days of age, and pH and temperature wer ...
DOI:
10.1017/S1751731114000093
PubMed:
24636827

13. Influence of source and micronization of soya bean meal on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and ileal mucosal morphology of Iberian piglets

Author:
Berrocoso, J. D.; Cámara, L.; Rebollar, P. G.; Guzmán, P.; Mateos, G. G.
Source:
Animal 2014 v.8 no.4 pp. 555-564
ISSN:
1751-732X
Subject:
Iberian (swine breed); diarrhea; diet; digestibility; energy; grinding; growth performance; ileum; mash; nutrients; nutritional intervention; organic matter; piglets; protein concentrates; soybean meal; swine feeding; value added; villi; weaning; Argentina; United States
Abstract:
... The effects of inclusion in the diet of different sources of soya bean meal (SBM) on growth performance, total tract apparent digestibility (TTAD) and apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of major dietary components and mucosal ileum morphology were studied in Iberian pigs weaned at 30 days of age. From 30 to 51 days of age (phase I), there was a control diet based on regular soya bean meal (R-SBM; ...
DOI:
10.1017/S1751731113002449
PubMed:
24423429

14. Meta-analysis of selenium accumulation and expression of antioxidant enzymes in chicken tissues

Author:
Zoidis, E.; Demiris, N.; Kominakis, A.; Pappas, A. C.
Source:
Animal 2014 v.8 no.4 pp. 542-554
ISSN:
1751-732X
Subject:
analytical methods; antioxidants; blood plasma; cabbage; calcium; garlic; glutathione peroxidase; ingredients; laying hens; linear models; meta-analysis; muscles; randomized clinical trials; selenates; selenium; sodium selenite; tissues
Abstract:
... A meta-analysis integrating results of 40 selenium (Se) supplementation experiments that originated from 35 different controlled randomized trials was carried out in an attempt to identify significant factors that affect tissue Se accumulation in chicken. Examined factors included: Se source (12 different sources examined), type of chicken (laying hens or broilers), age of birds at the beginning o ...
DOI:
10.1017/S1751731113002395
PubMed:
24388007

15. Microbial biodiversity of the liquid fraction of rumen content from lactating cows

Author:
Sandri, M.; Manfrin, C.; Pallavicini, A.; Stefanon, B.
Source:
Animal 2014 v.8 no.4 pp. 572-579
ISSN:
1751-732X
Subject:
Firmicutes; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; biodiversity; butyrates; dairy cows; freeze drying; high-throughput nucleotide sequencing; lactation; metagenomics; microbiome; milk production; potato protein; ribosomal RNA; rumen; yeasts
Abstract:
... Host and dietary interactions with the rumen microbiome can affect the efficacy of supplements, and their effect on the composition of the bacterial population is still unknown. A 16S rRNA metagenomic approach and Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) technology were used to investigate the bacterial microbiome composition in the liquid fraction of the rumen content collected via stomach tubing. To inv ...
DOI:
10.1017/S1751731114000056
PubMed:
24524278

16. Milk fat depression and energy balance in stall-fed dairy goats supplemented with increasing doses of conjugated linoleic acid methyl esters

Author:
Fernandes, D.; Gama, M. A. S.; Ribeiro, C. V. D. M.; Lopes, F. C. F.; De Oliveira, D. E.
Source:
Animal 2014 v.8 no.4 pp. 587-595
ISSN:
1751-732X
Subject:
Toggenburg; body condition; body weight; conjugated linoleic acid; cows; dairy goats; dairy protein; dietary supplements; energy balance; esters; ewes; feed intake; lactation; lactose; milk; milk fat; milk fat yield; milk secretion; salts
Abstract:
... Feeding dietary supplements containing trans-10, cis-12-conjugated linoleic acid (t10,c12-CLA) has been shown to induce milk fat depression in cows, ewes and goats. However, the magnitude of the response is apparently less pronounced in lactating goats. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of increasing doses of CLA methyl esters (CLA-ME) on milk production, composition and fatt ...
DOI:
10.1017/S1751731114000214
PubMed:
24636825

17. Seasonal variations in the composition of Holstein cow’s milk and temperature–humidity index relationship

Author:
Bertocchi, L.; Vitali, A.; Lacetera, N.; Nardone, A.; Varisco, G.; Bernabucci, U.
Source:
Animal 2014 v.8 no.4 pp. 667-674
ISSN:
1751-732X
Subject:
Holstein; bulk milk; dairy cows; dairy farming; financial economics; heat; milk; milk composition; models; plate count; relative humidity; retrospective studies; seasonal variation; somatic cell count; summer; temperature; weather stations; Italy
Abstract:
... A retrospective study on seasonal variations in the characteristics of cow’s milk and temperature–humidity index (THI) relationship was conducted on bulk milk data collected from 2003 to 2009. The THI relationship study was carried out on 508 613 bulk milk data items recorded in 3328 dairy farms form the Lombardy region, Italy. Temperature and relative humidity data from 40 weather stations were u ...
DOI:
10.1017/S1751731114000032
PubMed:
24513161

18. Spread of hatch and delayed feed access affect post hatch performance of female broiler chicks up to day 5

Author:
Wang, Y.; Li, Y.; Willems, E.; Willemsen, H.; Franssens, L.; Koppenol, A.; Guo, X.; Tona, K.; Decuypere, E.; Buyse, J.; Everaert, N.
Source:
Animal 2014 v.8 no.4 pp. 610-617
ISSN:
1751-732X
Subject:
adverse effects; appetite; breast muscle; broiler chickens; chicks; farms; feed deprivation; feed intake; females; glycogen; hatching; liver; refeeding
Abstract:
... It is not rare that newly hatched chicks remain without feed for about 24 to 48 h before they are placed on farms due to a series of logistic operations. Furthermore, the spread in hatching time can also mount up to 30 to 48 h for late v. early hatchers. In other words, the practice is a complex combination of spread of hatch and delayed feed access. The present study was aimed to investigate the ...
DOI:
10.1017/S175173111400007X
PubMed:
24524297

19. Statistical tools to improve assessing agreement between several observers

Author:
Ruddat, I.; Scholz, B.; Bergmann, S.; Buehring, A.-L.; Fischer, S.; Manton, A.; Prengel, D.; Rauch, E.; Steiner, S.; Wiedmann, S.; Kreienbrock, L.; Campe, A.
Source:
Animal 2014 v.8 no.4 pp. 643-649
ISSN:
1751-732X
Subject:
animal health; environmental factors; farms; field experimentation; laying hens; statistical analysis
Abstract:
... In the context of assessing the impact of management and environmental factors on animal health, behaviour or performance it has become increasingly important to conduct (epidemiological) studies in the field. Hence, the number of investigated farms per study is considerably high so that numerous observers are needed for investigation. In order to maintain the quality and validity of study results ...
DOI:
10.1017/S1751731113002450
PubMed:
24461060

20. The use of seaweed from the Galician coast as a mineral supplement in organic dairy cattle

Author:
Rey-Crespo, F.; López-Alonso, M.; Miranda, M.
Source:
Animal 2014 v.8 no.4 pp. 580-586
ISSN:
1751-732X
Subject:
European Union; Holstein; Sargassum muticum; Ulva; atomic absorption spectrometry; blood; coasts; copper metabolism; cows; dairy cattle; dairy farming; diet; farms; feed concentrates; feed intake; forage; hay; iodine; lactation; macroalgae; milk; milk production; milking; mineral content; minerals; molybdenum; pastures; selenium; silage; toxicity; winter; Spain
Abstract:
... This study was designed to assess the value of seaweeds from the Galician coast as a source of minerals (especially iodine (I) but also other micro-minerals) in organic dairy cattle. It was conducted in an organic dairy farm in the Lugo province that typically represents the organic milk production in NW Spain. The animal’s diet consisted mainly of local forage (at pasture or as hay and silage in ...
DOI:
10.1017/S1751731113002474
PubMed:
24438753