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1. Administration of a novel plant extract product via drinking water to post-weaning piglets: effects on performance and gut health

Author:
Bontempo, V.; Jiang, X. R.; Cheli, F.; Lo Verso, L.; Mantovani, G.; Vitari, F.; Domeneghini, C.; Agazzi, A.
Source:
Animal 2014 v.8 no.5 pp. 721-730
ISSN:
1751-732X
Subject:
Camellia sinensis; Escherichia coli; Lactobacillus; Punica granatum; adverse effects; average daily gain; diarrhea; digestive system; drinking water; feed intake; green tea; health status; leaves; piglets; plant extracts; pomegranates
Abstract:
... The present study evaluated the effects of a novel plant extract (PE) product (Grazixᵀᴹ) on the performance and gut health of weaned piglets challenged with Escherichia coli. The PE was a standardised mixture of green tea leaves (Camellia sinensis) and pomegranate fruit (Punica granatum) obtained by using the LiveXtractᵀᴹ process. A total of 144 piglets were weaned at 24 days and allocated to 8 fo ...
DOI:
10.1017/S175173111400041X
PubMed:
24739350

2. Application of the Welfare Quality® assessment system on European beef bull farms

Author:
Kirchner, M. K.; Schulze Westerath, H.; Knierim, U.; Tessitore, E.; Cozzi, G.; Pfeiffer, C.; Winckler, C.
Source:
Animal 2014 v.8 no.5 pp. 827-835
ISSN:
1751-732X
Subject:
beef; beef bulls; farmers; farms; finishing; hunger; meat production; monitoring; pain; social behavior; Austria; Germany; Italy
Abstract:
... Welfare concerns for intensive beef production have often been raised, but on-farm welfare assessment studies are rare. The aim of this study was to apply the Welfare Quality® (WQ) welfare assessment system for fattening cattle on beef bull farms to evaluate the state of welfare at the level of WQ measures and of aggregated scores, as well as overall classification. In addition, the purpose was to ...
DOI:
10.1017/S1751731114000366
PubMed:
24739354

3. A study on some welfare-related parameters of hDAF transgenic pigs when compared with their conventional close relatives

Author:
Martelli, G.; Sardi, L.; Stancampiano, L.; Govoni, N.; Zannoni, A.; Nannoni, E.; Forni, M.; Bacci, M. L.
Source:
Animal 2014 v.8 no.5 pp. 810-816
ISSN:
1751-732X
Subject:
Large White; apples; bananas; biomedical research; boars; carrots; cortisol; crackers; females; food choices; gene transfer; growth traits; humans; laboratory animals; lemons; semen; setae (animal); transgenic animals
Abstract:
... Pigs are increasingly used in medical research as transgenic laboratory animals; however, little knowledge is presently available concerning their welfare assessment. The aim of the present study was to investigate some welfare-related parameters of transgenic pigs intended for xenotrasplantation (human decay-accelerating factor (hDAF)) when compared with their conventional (i.e. not transgenic) c ...
DOI:
10.1017/S1751731114000433
PubMed:
24739353

4. Capacity of the bovine intestinal mucus and its components to support growth of Escherichia coli O157:H7

Author:
Aperce, C. C.; Heidenreich, J. M.; Drouillard, J. S.
Source:
Animal 2014 v.8 no.5 pp. 731-737
ISSN:
1751-732X
Subject:
Escherichia coli O157; bacteria; cattle; food contamination; foods; gastrointestinal system; ingredients; inoculum; mucus; pathogens; risk; sialic acids; sialidase; slaughter
Abstract:
... Colonization of the gastrointestinal tract of cattle by Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli increases the risk of contamination of food products at slaughter. Our study aimed to shed more light on the mechanisms used by E. coli O157:H7 to thrive and compete with other bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract of cattle. We evaluated, in vitro, bovine intestinal mucus and its constituents in terms ...
DOI:
10.1017/S1751731114000147
PubMed:
24606840

5. Central genomic regulation of the expression of oestrous behaviour in dairy cows: a review

Author:
Woelders, H.; van der Lende, T.; Kommadath, A.; te Pas, M. F. W.; Smits, M. A.; Kaal, L. M. T. E.
Source:
Animal 2014 v.8 no.5 pp. 754-764
ISSN:
1751-732X
Subject:
Holstein; amygdala; animal ovaries; anterior pituitary; blood; dairy cows; dairy farming; estradiol; estrus; gene expression; genes; hippocampus; hypothalamus; metabolism; progesterone; reproductive efficiency; rodents; sexual behavior; steroids
Abstract:
... The expression of oestrous behaviour in Holstein Friesian dairy cows has progressively decreased over the past 50 years. Reduced oestrus expression is one of the factors contributing to the current suboptimal reproductive efficiency in dairy farming. Variation between and within cows in the expression of oestrous behaviour is associated with variation in peripheral blood oestradiol concentrations ...
DOI:
10.1017/S1751731114000342
PubMed:
24598582

6. Differential expression of cyclin G2, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2C and peripheral myelin protein 22 genes during adipogenesis

Author:
Zhang, J.; Suh, Y.; Choi, Y. M.; Ahn, J.; Davis, M. E.; Lee, K.
Source:
Animal 2014 v.8 no.5 pp. 800-809
ISSN:
1751-732X
Subject:
Internet; Western blotting; adipocytes; adipogenesis; adipose tissue; cell cycle; correlation; cyclin-dependent kinase; cyclins; data collection; databases; gene expression; gene expression regulation; genes; heart; humans; kidneys; landraces; liver; mice; muscles; myelin sheath; quantitative polymerase chain reaction; swine
Abstract:
... Increase of fat cells (FCs) in adipose tissue is attributed to proliferation of preadipocytes or immature adipocytes in the early stage, as well as adipogenic differentiation in the later stage of adipose development. Although both events are involved in the FC increase, they are contrary to each other, because the former requires cell cycle activity, whereas the latter requires cell cycle withdra ...
DOI:
10.1017/S1751731114000469
PubMed:
24739352

7. Effect of cholesterol-loaded cyclodextrins on bull and goat sperm processed with fast or slow cryopreservation protocols

Author:
Mocé, E.; Tomás, C.; Blanch, E.; Graham, J. K.
Source:
Animal 2014 v.8 no.5 pp. 771-776
ISSN:
1751-732X
Subject:
ambient temperature; bulls; cholesterol; cold; cold stress; cooling; cryopreservation; cyclodextrins; freezing; goats; plasma membrane; sperm motility; spermatozoa; thawing
Abstract:
... Cholesterol-loaded cyclodextrins (CLC) added to the sperm before cryopreservation enhance sperm quality after freeze-thawing in several cold shock-sensitive species, including cattle and goats. However, all studies conducted to date have used conventional protocols, in which sperm are cooled slowly to 5°C before freezing. As cholesterol plays a significant role in sperm cold shock resistance, it i ...
DOI:
10.1017/S1751731114000226
PubMed:
24556141

8. Effect of free thymol on differential gene expression in gastric mucosa of the young pig

Author:
Colombo, M.; Priori, D.; Gandolfi, G.; Boatto, G.; Nieddu, M.; Bosi, P.; Trevisi, P.
Source:
Animal 2014 v.8 no.5 pp. 786-791
ISSN:
1751-732X
Subject:
antibiotics; gastric mucosa; gene expression regulation; placebos; swine; thyme; thymol
Abstract:
... Thymol is the most common molecule in thyme and has been proposed as an oral alternative to antibiotics in the feed of pigs and broilers. The knowledge of the in vivo physiological effects of thymol on tissues is limited, particularly its impact on the gastric mucosa, where it is primarily absorbed when it is orally supplied. In this study, thymol (TH, 50 mg/ kg BW) or a placebo (CO) was introduce ...
DOI:
10.1017/S1751731114000172
PubMed:
24548668

9. Effect of freezing extender composition and male line on semen traits and reproductive performance in rabbits

Author:
Viudes-de-Castro, M. P.; Lavara, R.; Safaa, H. M.; Marco-Jiménez, F.; Mehaisen, G. M. K.; Vicente, J. S.
Source:
Animal 2014 v.8 no.5 pp. 765-770
ISSN:
1751-732X
Subject:
acrosome; cryoprotectants; dimethyl sulfoxide; egg yolk; freezing; genetic lines; genotype; longevity; males; nitrogen; rabbits; reproductive performance; reproductive traits; semen; sperm motility; sucrose; thawing; vapors; viability
Abstract:
... This study was conducted to elucidate the effect of different freezing extenders on two lines selected for hyperprolificacy and longevity (H and LP, respectively). In extender A, dimethyl sulphoxide (Me₂SO) and sucrose were used as cryoprotectants. In extenders B and C, the sucrose was replaced by 20% egg yolk, and in extender C the Me₂SO was substituted by acetamide. Semen was packaged in 0.25 ml ...
DOI:
10.1017/S1751731114000135
PubMed:
24534625

10. Effects of intermittent suckling on body composition of Iberian piglets weaned at 35 days of age

Author:
Castellano, R.; Aguinaga, M. A.; Nieto, R.; Aguilera, J. F.; Haro, A.; Seiquer, I.
Source:
Animal 2014 v.8 no.5 pp. 714-720
ISSN:
1751-732X
Subject:
average daily gain; body composition; calcium; energy; energy content; feed intake; lactation; lipid content; nutrient retention; piglets; protein deposition; slaughter; sows; suckling; viability; weaning
Abstract:
... Piglet body composition at weaning could be a determinant for pig’s viability and may be influenced by factors such as the nutritional management followed during suckling. An experiment was conducted to study whether intermittent suckling (IS) affects body composition at weaning and nutrient and energy retention during a 34-day lactation period in Iberian piglets. Litters were subjected to convent ...
DOI:
10.1017/S1751731114000184
PubMed:
24559764

11. Effects of neonatal surgical castration and immunocastration in male pigs on blood T lymphocytes and health markers

Author:
Leclercq, C.; Prunier, A.; Merlot, E.
Source:
Animal 2014 v.8 no.5 pp. 836-843
ISSN:
1751-732X
Subject:
T-lymphocytes; age; castration; gonadotropin-releasing hormone; health status; immunoglobulin G; influenza; males; pneumonia; rearing; sex hormones; sexual development; slaughter; spleen; swine; vaccination; vaccines
Abstract:
... Surgical castration in pig husbandry is criticized for welfare reasons. Thus, it is necessary to evaluate alternative ways of rearing male pigs, such as entire or immunocastrated animals. Immunocastration is a vaccination directed against gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) to suppress the production of sexual hormones. This study aimed at investigating the effects of these two methods of castra ...
DOI:
10.1017/S1751731114000445
PubMed:
24739355

12. Effects of short-term oilseed supplementation on plasma fatty acid composition, progesterone and prostaglandin F metabolite in lactating beef cows

Author:
Scholljegerdes, E. J.; Lekatz, L. A.; Vonnahme, K. A.
Source:
Animal 2014 v.8 no.5 pp. 777-785
ISSN:
1751-732X
Subject:
Angus; artificial insemination; beef cattle; blood serum; cannulas; controlled internal drug release devices; cows; diet; energy density; fatty acid composition; fatty acids; feed intake; grazing; heifers; insemination; lactation; linseed; metabolites; pastures; pregnancy; progesterone; prostaglandins; soybeans
Abstract:
... Twenty-four 3-year-old Angus cows (512.2±21.6 kg) and six ruminally cannulated beef heifers (523.1±16.9 kg) were used to determine the impact of feeding oilseeds starting at the beginning of estrous synchronization until maternal recognition of pregnancy on plasma fatty acid composition. Starting ~60 days postpartum cows were synchronized with the Select Synch+controlled internal drug-release (CID ...
DOI:
10.1017/S1751731114000263
PubMed:
24572170

13. Enteric and serological distribution of serotonin and its precursor tryptophan in perinatal low and normal weight piglets

Author:
Willemen, S. A.; Che, L.; Dewilde, S.; Van Hauwaert, M. L.; De Vos, M.; Huygelen, V.; Fransen, E.; Tambuyzer, B. R.; Casteleyn, C.; Van Cruchten, S.; Van Ginneken, C.
Source:
Animal 2014 v.8 no.5 pp. 792-799
ISSN:
1751-732X
Subject:
animal welfare; blood serum; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; high performance liquid chromatography; immunohistochemistry; mortality; piglets; serotonin; small intestine; tryptophan
Abstract:
... Perinatal mortality is high among small-for-gestational age (SGA) piglets and continues to be an economic burden and threat to animal welfare. As the physiological role of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) in perinatal development and gastrointestinal function in the pig remains unknown, the aim of this study was to assess the enteric distribution of 5-HT cells and to determine 5-HT together w ...
DOI:
10.1017/S1751731114000317
PubMed:
24598479

14. How to estimate variability in affinity relationships in partially observed groups of domestic herbivores?

Author:
Della-Rossa, L.; Dumont, B.; Chadœuf, J.
Source:
Animal 2014 v.8 no.5 pp. 817-826
ISSN:
1751-732X
Subject:
collars; grazing; group size; heifers; herbivores; herds; telemetry; variance
Abstract:
... Animal sociability measurements based on inter-individual distances or nearest-neighbour distributions can be obtained automatically with telemetry collars. So far, all the indices that have been used require the whole group to be observed. Here, we propose an index of the variability in affinity relationships in groups of domestic herbivores, whose definition does not depend on group size and tha ...
DOI:
10.1017/S175173111400024X
PubMed:
24572101

15. Immunomodulatory factors and infectious agents associated with the hepatic gene expression of the IGF system in nursery pigs

Author:
Slifierz, M. J.; Friendship, R.; de Lange, C. F. M.; Slavic, D.; Grgic, H.; Farzan, A.
Source:
Animal 2014 v.8 no.5 pp. 844-851
ISSN:
1751-732X
Subject:
Brachyspira; C-reactive protein; Influenza A virus; Lawsonia intracellularis; Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus; Salmonella; Staphylococcus aureus; amyloid; antibiotic resistance; blood serum; commercial farms; enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli; gene expression; haptoglobins; immune response; immunomodulators; insulin-like growth factor I; interferon-alpha; interferon-gamma; interleukin-10; interleukin-18; interleukin-1beta; interleukin-6; liver; methicillin; necrosis; neoplasms; odds ratio; pathogens; quantitative polymerase chain reaction; regression analysis; reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; reverse transcription; somatotropin receptors; swine; tumor necrosis factor-alpha
Abstract:
... Recent findings suggest there is a complex interaction between the IGF system and the inflammatory immune response. The objective of this study was to determine whether gene expression of growth factors (IGF-1, IGF-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) and growth hormone receptors (GHR)) in the liver is associated with gene expression of immunomodulators in the liver, including C-reactive protein (CRP), ser ...
DOI:
10.1017/S1751731114000275
PubMed:
24576503

16. Influence of estrus on dry matter intake, water intake and BW of dairy cows

Author:
Reith, S.; Pries, M.; Verhülsdonk, C.; Brandt, H.; Hoy, S.
Source:
Animal 2014 v.8 no.5 pp. 748-753
ISSN:
1751-732X
Subject:
Holstein; artificial insemination; conception; dairy cows; data collection; dry matter intake; estrus; monitoring; normal values; on-farm research; prediction; Germany
Abstract:
... The objectives of this study were to analyze whether dry matter intake (DMI), water intake (WI) and BW were influenced by estrus. A second objective was to determine whether correlations exist among these traits in non-estrous days. Data collection included 34 Holstein-Friesian cows from the research farm ‘Haus Riswick’ of the Agricultural Chamber North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. On an individual ...
DOI:
10.1017/S1751731114000494
PubMed:
24739351

17. Milk production is unaffected by replacing barley or sodium hydroxide wheat with maize cob silage in rations for dairy cows

Author:
Hymøller, L.; Hellwing, A. L. F.; Lund, P.; Weisbjerg, M. R.
Source:
Animal 2014 v.8 no.5 pp. 738-747
ISSN:
1751-732X
Subject:
Holstein; barley; corn cobs; corn silage; dairy cows; dry matter intake; emissions; energy; energy metabolism; environmental impact; lipid content; methane; milk; milk yield; organic matter; pH; protein content; rapeseed cake; rumen; rumen fermentation; ruminal acidosis; sodium hydroxide; soybean meal; starch; sugar beet pulp; volatile fatty acids; wheat
Abstract:
... Starch is an important energy-providing nutrient for dairy cows that is most commonly provided from cereal grains. However, ruminal fermentation of large amounts of easily degradable starch leads to excessive production and accumulation of volatile fatty acids (VFA). VFA not only play a vital role in the energy metabolism of dairy cows but are also the main cause of ruminal acidosis and depressed ...
DOI:
10.1017/S1751731114000329
PubMed:
24594308

18. Paratuberculosis: decrease in milk production of German Holstein dairy cows shedding Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis depends on within-herd prevalence

Author:
Donat, K.; Soschinka, A.; Erhardt, G.; Brandt, H. R.
Source:
Animal 2014 v.8 no.5 pp. 852-858
ISSN:
1751-732X
Subject:
Holstein; Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis; case-control studies; control methods; dairy cows; dairy herds; dairy protein; farms; lactation number; lactation stage; lactose; milk; milk fat percentage; milk protein percentage; milk yield; paratuberculosis; protein content; risk; somatic cell count; statistical models
Abstract:
... Paratuberculosis impairs productivity of infected dairy cows because of reduced milk production and fertility and enhanced risk of culling. The magnitude of the milk yield depression in individual cows is influenced by factors such as parity, the stage of the disease and the choice of test used. The objectives of this case–control study were to substantiate the influence of the different levels of ...
DOI:
10.1017/S1751731114000305
PubMed:
24589381

19. Possibilities to improve the genetic evaluation of a rare breed using limited genomic information and multivariate BLUP

Author:
Pollott, G. E.; Charlesworth, A.; Wathes, D. C.
Source:
Animal 2014 v.8 no.5 pp. 685-694
ISSN:
1751-732X
Subject:
beef; breeding value; cattle; genetic correlation; genomics; genotype; genotyping; milk; models; multivariate analysis; pedigree; single nucleotide polymorphism; variance; United Kingdom
Abstract:
... The use of molecular genetic information in the evaluation of livestock has become more common. This study looks at the efficacy of using such information to improve the genetic evaluation of a rare breed of dual-purpose cattle. Data were available in the form of pedigree information on the Gloucester cattle breed in the United Kingdom and recorded milk and beef performance on a small number of an ...
DOI:
10.1017/S1751731114000330
PubMed:
24739347
PubMed Central:
PMC4000164

20. Risk factors associated with detailed reproductive phenotypes in dairy and beef cows

Author:
Carthy, T. R.; Berry, D. P.; Fitzgerald, A.; McParland, S.; Williams, E. J.; Butler, S. T.; Cromie, A. R.; Ryan, D.
Source:
Animal 2014 v.8 no.5 pp. 695-703
ISSN:
1751-732X
Subject:
animal ovaries; beef; beef cows; calving; dairy cows; dairy herds; death; dystocia; embryonic mortality; equations; heterosis; lactation stage; ovulation; phenotype; risk factors; statistical models; ultrasonics; ultrasonography; uterus
Abstract:
... The objective of this study was to identify detailed fertility traits in dairy and beef cattle from transrectal ultrasonography records and quantify the associated risk factors. Data were available on 148 947 ultrasound observations of the reproductive tract from 75 949 cows in 843 Irish dairy and beef herds between March 2008 and October 2012. Traits generated included (1) cycling at time of exam ...
DOI:
10.1017/S1751731114000354
PubMed:
24739348