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1. Aligning health and welfare principles and practice in organic dairy systems: a review

Author:
Marley, C.L.; Weller, R.F.; Neale, M.; Main, D.C.J.; Roderick, S.; Keatinge, R.
Source:
Animal 2010 v.4 no.2 pp. 259-271
ISSN:
1751-7311
Subject:
dairy cows; cow feeding; cattle diseases; animal behavior; animal well-being; animal reproduction; disease prevention; animal stress; therapeutics; dairy farm management; animal housing; dairy herd management; animal breeding; organic production; stress tolerance
Abstract:
... This review provides an assessment of research findings into the current practices and standards and the principles and aspirations for organic dairy production, with respect to the health and welfare of the dairy cow. The relationships between the four main factors: management, environment, genetics and nutrition and their impact on the health and welfare status of organic dairy cows are consider ...
DOI:
10.1017/S1751731109991066
PubMed:
22443880

2. Effects of cloned-cattle meat on reproductive physiology in rats

Author:
Hwang, S.; Lee, N.J.; Hwang, J.S.; Yang, B.C.; Im, G.S.; Ko, Y.G.; Park, E.W.; Park, S.B.; Kang, J.K.; Seong, H.H.
Source:
Animal 2010 v.4 no.2 pp. 218-223
ISSN:
1751-7311
Subject:
human reproduction; genetically modified organisms; hormone secretion; no observed adverse effect level; beef cattle; somatic cells; clones; nuclear transplantation; risk assessment; female fertility; beef; animal models; male fertility; rats; toxicity testing; spermatozoa; food safety; testosterone
Abstract:
... The influence of the cloned-cattle meat diets upon reproduction in mammals was rarely studied. This study was performed to analyze the effects of the diets containing cloned-cattle (Korean native beef, Hanwoo) meat on the reproductive physiology in rats. The male and female rats were fed with the diets containing 5% or 10% of normal- (N-5 or N-10) or cloned- (C-5 or C-10) cattle meat during test p ...
DOI:
10.1017/S1751731109990966
PubMed:
22443875

3. Environmental enrichment in early life affects cortisol patterns in growing pigs

Author:
Munsterhjelm, C.; Valros, A.; Heinonen, M.; Hälli, O.; Siljander-Rasi, H.; Peltoniemi, O.A.T.
Source:
Animal 2010 v.4 no.2 pp. 242-249
ISSN:
1751-7311
Subject:
piglets; livestock production; group housing; litter (bedding); wood shavings; straw; animal stress; stress tolerance; biomarkers; circadian rhythm; cortisol; animal injuries; social behavior; ontogeny; rearing; finishing; animal well-being
Abstract:
... Effects of environmental enrichment at different stages of life on stress physiology of pigs were investigated in a trial with 63 groups, each of four siblings. In each of the three growing phases (suckling 0 to 4 weeks of age, nursery 5 to 9 weeks, fattening 10 to 24 weeks) pens either were (=E) or were not (=0) enriched. Accordingly, the treatments were (i) 000, (ii) E00, (iii) EE0, (iv) 00E, (v ...
DOI:
10.1017/S1751731109990814
PubMed:
22443878

4. Functional and association studies on the pig HMGCR gene, a cholesterol-synthesis limiting enzyme

Author:
Cánovas, A.; Quintanilla, R.; Gallardo, D.; Díaz, I.; Noguera, J.L.; Ramírez, O.; Pena, R.N.
Source:
Animal 2010 v.4 no.2 pp. 224-233
ISSN:
1751-7311
Subject:
pork; carcass characteristics; fatty acid composition; genes; hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductases; phenotypic correlation; gene expression; sequence analysis; blood lipids; body fat distribution; lipid metabolism; single nucleotide polymorphism; swine; lipid content; genetic correlation; meat quality; cholesterol; low density lipoprotein; nucleotide sequences; lean meat
Abstract:
... The 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of cholesterol. We have studied the role of the HMGCR gene in pig lipid metabolism by means of expression and structural analysis. We describe here the complete coding region of this gene in pigs and report two synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms in the coding region. We have, additionally, ...
DOI:
10.1017/S1751731109991145
PubMed:
22443876

5. Genetic analysis of return over feed in Canadian Holsteins

Author:
Bohmanova, J.; Miglior, F.; Jamrozik, J.; Van Doormaal, B.J.; Hand, K.J.; Lazenby, D.
Source:
Animal 2010 v.4 no.2 pp. 173-182
ISSN:
1751-7311
Subject:
feeds; validity; Holstein; farm profitability; heritability; animal age; dairy cows; estimation; farm income; input costs; cattle production; econometric models; genetic merit; rearing; genetic correlation; lactation; milk production; reference standards; selection criteria; breeding value; Canada
Abstract:
... The objective of this study was to investigate genetic merit of return over feed (ROF), which is a herd profit index defined by CanWest Dairy Herd Improvement as a difference between milk income and feed cost. A multiple-trait (MT) model and random regression model (RRM) were used. The traits analyzed in MT were rearing cost and ROF of the first three lactations. In RRM, a cumulative ROF was fitte ...
DOI:
10.1017/S175173110999108X
PubMed:
22443870

6. Genetic and phenotypic parameters of age at first mating, litter size and animal size in Finnish mink

Author:
Koivula, M.; Strandén, I.; Mäntysaari, E.A.
Source:
Animal 2010 v.4 no.2 pp. 183-188
ISSN:
1751-7311
Subject:
mink; farmed animal species; animal performance; female fertility; animal age; sexual maturity; parity (reproduction); progeny; litter size; viability; selection criteria; body size; furs and pelts; risk assessment; heritability; breeding value; genetic correlation; phenotypic correlation; Finland
Abstract:
... Mink skin size in Finland, as well as in other countries, has increased considerably during last decade. However, there are signs that selection for large body size has a negative impact on litter size (LS) and also for survival of kits. Therefore, it is important to study the genetic relationships among fertility traits and animal size (AS). The variance components for age at first mating (AFM) a ...
DOI:
10.1017/S1751731109991170
PubMed:
22443871

7. Genetic association between body energy measured throughout lactation and fertility in dairy cattle

Author:
Banos, G.; Coffey, M.P.
Source:
Animal 2010 v.4 no.2 pp. 189-199
ISSN:
1751-7311
Subject:
dairy cows; early lactation; energy content; energy metabolism; genetic improvement; genetic correlation; body condition; selection index; validity; female fertility; reproductive traits; reference standards; energy balance; animal performance; selection criteria
Abstract:
... The objective of this study was to quantify the genetic association of body energy assessed throughout lactation with a cow’s fertility. Nine direct and indirect body energy traits were defined at different stages of lactation. Four were daily records of energy balance, energy content, cumulative effective energy (CEE) and body condition score (BCS) calculated between lactation days 4 and 311. The ...
DOI:
10.1017/S1751731109991182
PubMed:
22443872

8. Genomic breeding value prediction: methods and procedures

Author:
Calus, M.P.L.
Source:
Animal 2010 v.4 no.2 pp. 157-164
ISSN:
1751-7311
Subject:
selection response; genome; linkage disequilibrium; validity; heritability; genetic markers; quantitative trait loci; estimation; genotype; probabilistic models; simulation models; livestock; accuracy; prediction; single nucleotide polymorphism; quantitative traits; genomics; selection criteria; breeding value
Abstract:
... Animal breeding faces one of the most significant changes of the past decades – the implementation of genomic selection. Genomic selection uses dense marker maps to predict the breeding value of animals with reported accuracies that are up to 0.31 higher than those of pedigree indexes, without the need to phenotype the animals themselves, or close relatives thereof. The basic principle is that bec ...
DOI:
10.1017/S1751731109991352
PubMed:
22443868

9. Influence of cage or pen housing on carcass traits and meat quality of rabbit

Author:
Combes, S.; Postollec, G.; Cauquil, L.; Gidenne, T.
Source:
Animal 2010 v.4 no.2 pp. 295-302
ISSN:
1751-7311
Subject:
rabbits; meat composition; meat production; animal well-being; livestock production; physical activity; dressing percentage; carcass weight; bone formation; cage size; meat tenderness; color; rabbit meat; animal performance
Abstract:
... Carcass traits and meat quality of rabbits reared in conventional cages (0.385 m2), small pens (0.662 m2) or large pens (4.052 m2) at a similar stock density of 15 rabbits/m2 were compared (n = 30 per group). Pens contained an elevated platform. Slaughter weight (SW; P < 0.01) and cold carcass weight (P < 0.05) decreased in the order of Cage < Small pen < Large pen groups. SW and cold carcass weig ...
DOI:
10.1017/S1751731109991030
PubMed:
22443884

10. Integrating biological information into the statistical analysis and design of microarray experiments

Author:
Rosa, G.J.M.; Vazquez, A.I.
Source:
Animal 2010 v.4 no.2 pp. 165-172
ISSN:
1751-7311
Subject:
sequence analysis; selection response; microarray technology; accuracy; genetic correlation; validity; transcription (genetics); livestock; gene expression; genes; nucleotide sequences; genotype; statistical analysis; genomics; selection criteria; genetic markers
Abstract:
... Microarray technology is a powerful tool for animal functional genomics studies, with applications spanning from gene identification and mapping, to function and control of gene expression. Microarray assays, however, are complex and costly, and hence generally performed with relatively small number of animals. Nevertheless, they generate data sets of unprecedented complexity and dimensionality. T ...
DOI:
10.1017/S1751731109991054
PubMed:
22443869

11. Intramuscular fat content in meat-producing animals: development, genetic and nutritional control, and identification of putative markers

Author:
Hocquette, J.F.; Gondret, F.; Baéza, E.; Médale, F.; Jurie, C.; Pethick, D.W.
Source:
Animal 2010 v.4 no.2 pp. 303-319
ISSN:
1751-7311
Subject:
interspecific variation; marbling; muscle development; body fat distribution; biomarkers; ontogeny; livestock; genomics; fish; lipid metabolism; animal performance; animal age; prediction
Abstract:
... Intramuscular fat (IMF) content plays a key role in various quality traits of meat. IMF content varies between species, between breeds and between muscle types in the same breed. Other factors are involved in the variation of IMF content in animals, including gender, age and feeding. Variability in IMF content is mainly linked to the number and size of intramuscular adipocytes. The accretion rate ...
DOI:
10.1017/S1751731109991091
PubMed:
22443885

12. Physiological response and carcass and meat quality of suckling lambs in relation to transport time and stocking density during transport by road

Author:
Fuente, J. de la; Sánchez, M.; Pérez, C.; Lauzurica, S.; Vieira, C.; González de Chávarri, E.; Díaz, M.T.
Source:
Animal 2010 v.4 no.2 pp. 250-258
ISSN:
1751-7311
Subject:
stocking rate; lamb meat; blood chemistry; animal stress; biomarkers; lipid peroxidation; animal welfare; land transportation; meat quality; carcass quality; ovine carcasses; body size; lambs; animal transport; European Union; reference standards; animal performance; adverse effects; stress tolerance; Europe
Abstract:
... To evaluate the effect of stocking density and transport time on physiological responses and meat quality, 72 male suckling lambs were transported by road to the slaughterhouse at three different stocking densities (0.12, 0.20 or 0.25 m2/lamb) and two transport times (5 h or 30 min). Blood samples were collected pre-transport at the farm and after unloading in the slaughterhouse to measure levels ...
DOI:
10.1017/S1751731109991108
PubMed:
22443879

13. Predicting beef carcass meat, fat and bone proportions from carcass conformation and fat scores or hindquarter dissection

Author:
Conroy, S.B.; Drennan, M.J.; McGee, M.; Keane, M.G.; Kenny, D.A.; Berry, D.P.
Source:
Animal 2010 v.4 no.2 pp. 234-241
ISSN:
1751-7311
Subject:
beef quality; beef cattle; validity; carcass quality; European Union; beef carcasses; biomarkers; yields; carcass grading; mathematical models; body fat distribution; equations; bones; accuracy; prediction; meat inspection; beef; reference standards; carcass composition; Europe
Abstract:
... Equations for predicting the meat, fat and bone proportions in beef carcasses using the European Union carcass classification scores for conformation and fatness, and hindquarter composition were developed and their accuracy was tested using data from 662 cattle. The animals included bulls, steers and heifers, and comprised of Holstein–Friesian, early- and late-maturing breeds × Holstein–Friesian, ...
DOI:
10.1017/S1751731109991121
PubMed:
22443877

14. Rumen chemical and bacterial changes during stepwise adaptation to a high-concentrate diet in goats

Author:
Sun, Y.Z.; Mao, S.Y.; Zhu, W.Y.
Source:
Animal 2010 v.4 no.2 pp. 210-217
ISSN:
1751-7311
Subject:
acid tolerance; acidity; rumen; volatile fatty acids; optimal nutrition; disease prevention; goats; microbial ecology; microbial growth; rumen fermentation; animal feeding; species diversity; feed concentrates; pH; ruminal acidosis; rumen bacteria; lactic acid
Abstract:
... The correlation between rumen chemical and bacterial changes was investigated during a four periodical stepwise adaptation to a high-concentrate diet (concentrate level at 0%, 30%, 50% and 70% for diet I to IV, respectively) in goats. The results showed that ruminal pH decreased from 6.7 to 5.5 after switching from diet I to II, and was maintained at about 5.5 on diet III. Denaturing gradient gel ...
DOI:
10.1017/S175173110999111X
PubMed:
22443874

15. The effect of dry cow winter management system on feed intake, performance and estimated energy demand

Author:
O’Driscoll, K.; Boyle, L.; Hanlon, A.; Buckley, F.; French, P.
Source:
Animal 2010 v.4 no.2 pp. 272-281
ISSN:
1751-7311
Subject:
cow feeding; outdoor enclosures; dairy cows; heat tolerance; energy metabolism; liveweight gain; prepartum period; body condition; cattle housing; winter; wood chips; cattle production; dry matter intake; postpartum period; milk yield; litter (bedding); milk composition; dairy herd management; Irish Republic
Abstract:
... This research compared three wood-chip out-wintering pad (OWP; an unsheltered OWP; a sheltered OWP (both with a concrete feed apron); and an unsheltered OWP with silage provided directly on top of the wood-chip bedding (self-feed OWP)) designs and cubicle housing with regard to dairy cow performance during the pre-partum period, and for 8 weeks post partum. Data were compared during 2 years. In Ye ...
DOI:
10.1017/S1751731109991005
PubMed:
22443881

16. The influence of age at the beginning of Montanera period on meat characteristics and fat quality of outdoor Iberian pigs

Author:
Rodríguez-Sánchez, J.A.; Ripoll, G.; Latorre, M.A.
Source:
Animal 2010 v.4 no.2 pp. 289-294
ISSN:
1751-7311
Subject:
swine; livestock production; extensive farming; free range husbandry; swine feeding; forage grasses; seeds; seasonal variation; animal performance; meat production; animal age; finishing; meat composition; fatty acid composition; monounsaturated fatty acids; polyunsaturated fatty acids; meat quality; pork; lipid content; Spain
Abstract:
... A total of 120 Iberian pigs of the Lampiña line that grew under outdoor conditions were used to study the effect of the age at the beginning of Montanera period (AM) on meat characteristics and fatty acid (FA) profile of subcutaneous fat. AM period is a free-range fattening phase from November to February in which pigs ate mainly acorns and grass. There were two treatments with two AM (20 pigs per ...
DOI:
10.1017/S1751731109991029
PubMed:
22443883

17. Using faecal DNA to determine consumption by kangaroos of plants considered palatable to sheep

Author:
Ho, K.W.; Krebs, G.L.; McCafferty, P.; van Wyngaarden, S.P.; Addison, J.
Source:
Animal 2010 v.4 no.2 pp. 282-288
ISSN:
1751-7311
Subject:
sheep; livestock production; pastures; forage; pasture plants; ecological competition; herbivores; wild animals; Macropodidae; botanical composition; nucleotide sequences; plant genetics; DNA; sequence analysis; polymerase chain reaction; restriction mapping; feces; validity; accuracy; Western Australia
Abstract:
... Disagreement exists within the scientific community with regards to the level of competition for feed between sheep and kangaroos in the Australian rangelands. The greatest challenge to solving this debate is finding effective means of determining the composition of the diets of these potential grazing competitors. An option is to adopt a non-invasive approach that combines faecal collection and m ...
DOI:
10.1017/S1751731109991078
PubMed:
22443882

18. Zinc availability and digestive zinc solubility in piglets and broilers fed diets varying in their phytate contents, phytase activity and supplemented zinc source

Author:
Schlegel, P.; Nys, Y.; Jondreville, C.
Source:
Animal 2010 v.4 no.2 pp. 200-209
ISSN:
1751-7311
Subject:
broiler chickens; interspecific variation; animal nutrition; phytases; phytic acid; nutritional status; zinc; nutrient-nutrient interactions; antagonists; nutrient utilization; nutrient availability; optimal nutrition; nutrient uptake; digestibility; solubility; piglets; dietary mineral supplements; synergists
Abstract:
... The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary zinc addition (0 or 15 mg/kg of Zn as inorganic or organic zinc) to three maize–soybean meal basal diets varying in their native Zn, phytic P contents and phytase activity (expressed in kg of feed: P− with 25 mg Zn and 1.3 g phytic P, P+ with 38 mg Zn and 2.3 g phytic P or P+/ENZ being P+ including 500 units (FTU) of microbial phytase per ...
DOI:
10.1017/S1751731109990978
PubMed:
22443873