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- Author:
- Akinterinwa, Olubolaji; Cirino, Patrick C.
- Source:
- Applied and environmental microbiology 2011 v.77 no.2 pp. 706-709
- ISSN:
- 0099-2240
- Subject:
- Escherichia coli; NAD (coenzyme); acetates; fermentation; glucose; oxidation; primary productivity; xylitol; xylose
- Abstract:
- ... Anaerobic glucose oxidation was coupled to xylose reduction in a nonfermentative Escherichia coli strain expressing NADPH-dependent xylose reductase. Xylitol production serves as the primary means of NAD(P)⁺ regeneration, as glucose is converted primarily to acetate and CO₂. The membrane-bound transhydrogenase PntAB is required to achieve the maximum theoretical yield of four moles of xylitol per ...
- DOI:
- 10.1128/AEM.01890-10
- PubMed:
- 21097593
- PubMed Central:
- PMC3020535
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01890-10
- Author:
- Brown, Juliana F.; Jones, Daniel S.; Mills, Daniel B.; Macalady, Jennifer L.; Burgos, William D.
- Source:
- Applied and environmental microbiology 2011 v.77 no.2 pp. 545-554
- ISSN:
- 0099-2240
- Subject:
- Acidithiobacillus; acid mine drainage; beta-Proteobacteria; community structure; effluents; fluorescence in situ hybridization; microbial communities; models; organic matter; oxidation; pH; sediments; terraces; terracing; Pennsylvania
- Abstract:
- ... Lower Red Eyes is an acid mine drainage site in Pennsylvania where low-pH Fe(II) oxidation has created a large, terraced iron mound downstream of an anoxic, acidic, metal-rich spring. Aqueous chemistry, mineral precipitates, microbial communities, and laboratory-based Fe(II) oxidation rates for this site were analyzed in the context of a depositional facies model. Depositional facies were defined ...
- DOI:
- 10.1128/AEM.01550-10
- PubMed:
- 21097582
- PubMed Central:
- PMC3020534
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01550-10
- Author:
- Ni, Jianqiang; Teng, Kunling; Liu, Gang; Qiao, Caixia; Huan, Liandong; Zhong, Jin
- Source:
- Applied and environmental microbiology 2011 v.77 no.2 pp. 407-415
- ISSN:
- 0099-2240
- Subject:
- green fluorescent protein; biosynthesis; structural genes; Streptococcus bovis; autoregulation; signal transduction; gene expression; mutants; phosphorylation; multigene family
- Abstract:
- ... Streptococcus bovis HJ50 produces a lacticin 481-like 33-amino-acid-residue lantibiotic, designated bovicin HJ50. bovK-bovR in the bovicin HJ50 biosynthetic gene cluster is predicted to be a two-component signal transduction system involved in sensing signals and regulating gene expression. Disruption of bovK or bovR resulted in the abrogation of bovicin HJ50 production, suggesting both genes play ...
- DOI:
- 10.1128/AEM.01278-10
- PubMed:
- 21075878
- PubMed Central:
- PMC3020555
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01278-10
- Author:
- Howard, Erinn C.; Sun, Shulei; Reisch, Christopher R.; del Valle, Daniela A.; Bürgmann, Helmut; Kiene, Ronald P.; Moran, Mary Ann
- Source:
- Applied and environmental microbiology 2011 v.77 no.2 pp. 524-531
- ISSN:
- 0099-2240
- Subject:
- Flavobacteriaceae; Rhodospirillales; Roseobacter; bacterioplankton; chlorophyll; genes; marine science; nucleotide sequences; phytoplankton; ribosomal RNA; seawater; sulfur; Gulf of Mexico
- Abstract:
- ... Over half of the bacterioplankton cells in ocean surface waters are capable of carrying out a demethylation of the phytoplankton metabolite dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) that routes the sulfur moiety away from the climatically active gas dimethylsulfide (DMS). In this study, we tracked changes in dmdA, the gene responsible for DMSP demethylation, over the course of an induced phytoplankton blo ...
- DOI:
- 10.1128/AEM.01457-10
- PubMed:
- 21097583
- PubMed Central:
- PMC3020546
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01457-10
- Author:
- Zippel, B.; Neu, T.R.
- Source:
- Applied and environmental microbiology 2011 v.77 no.2 pp. 505-516
- ISSN:
- 0099-2240
- Subject:
- Cyanobacteria; biofilm; calcification; calcium carbonate; cations; crystals; fluorescence; freshwater; fucose; galactose; glycoconjugates; lasers; microorganisms; microscopy; pH; secretion; sialic acids; streams
- Abstract:
- ... Freshwater tufa deposits are the result of calcification associated with biofilms dominated by cyanobacteria. Recent investigations highlighted the fact that the formation of microbial calcium carbonates is mainly dependent on the saturation index, which is determined by pH, the ion activity of Ca²⁺ and CO₃²⁻, and the occurrence of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) produced by microorganism ...
- DOI:
- 10.1128/AEM.01660-10
- PubMed:
- 21097578
- PubMed Central:
- PMC3020524
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01660-10
- Author:
- Uchiyama, Jumpei; Takemura, Iyo; Hayashi, Ikue; Matsuzaki, Shigenobu; Satoh, Miho; Ujihara, Takako; Murakami, Masanao; Imajoh, Masayuki; Sugai, Motoyuki; Daibata, Masanori
- Source:
- Applied and environmental microbiology 2011 v.77 no.2 pp. 580-585
- ISSN:
- 0099-2240
- Subject:
- Enterococcus faecalis; Enterococcus faecium; Gram-positive bacteria; Listeria monocytogenes; Staphylococcus aureus; amidase; antibacterial properties; antibiotics; bacteriophages; bioinformatics; desorption; genes; hosts; ions; lasers; mass spectrometry; mutants; open reading frames; prediction; proteins; therapeutics; turbidity; virulence
- Abstract:
- ... In bacteriophage (phage) therapy against Gram-positive bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, and Enterococcus faecalis, members of a genus of SPO1-like viruses are typically employed because of their extreme virulence and broad host spectrum. Phage φEF24C, which is a SPO1-like virus infecting E. faecalis, has previously been characterized as a therapeutic phage candidate ...
- DOI:
- 10.1128/AEM.01540-10
- PubMed:
- 21097580
- PubMed Central:
- PMC3020548
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01540-10
- Author:
- Fiedler, Tomas; Bekker, Martijn; Jonsson, Maria; Mehmeti, Ibrahim; Pritzschke, Anja; Siemens, Nikolai; Nes, Ingolf; Hugenholtz, Jeroen; Kreikemeyer, Bernd
- Source:
- Applied and environmental microbiology 2011 v.77 no.2 pp. 612-617
- ISSN:
- 0099-2240
- Subject:
- Enterococcus faecalis; Lactococcus lactis; Streptococcus pyogenes; adenosine triphosphate; carbon; fermentation; gene deletion; habitats; lactate dehydrogenase; lactic acid bacteria; mutants; pH
- Abstract:
- ... Several lactic acid bacteria use homolactic acid fermentation for generation of ATP. Here we studied the role of the lactate dehydrogenase enzyme on the general physiology of the three homolactic acid bacteria Lactococcus lactis, Enterococcus faecalis, and Streptococcus pyogenes. Of note, deletion of the ldh genes hardly affected the growth rate in chemically defined medium under microaerophilic c ...
- DOI:
- 10.1128/AEM.01838-10
- PubMed:
- 21097579
- PubMed Central:
- PMC3020547
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01838-10
- Author:
- Barak, Jeri D.; Kramer, Lara C.; Hao, Ling-yun
- Source:
- Applied and environmental microbiology 2011 v.77 no.2 pp. 498-504
- ISSN:
- 0099-2240
- Subject:
- at-risk population; fresh produce; Solanum pimpinellifolium; Salmonella enterica; calyx; tomatoes; intestinal microorganisms; water pollution; cultivars; human diseases; humans; soil; phyllosphere; stomata; leaf lettuce; fruits; food contamination; trichomes; salmonellosis; planting seed; West Virginia
- Abstract:
- ... Nontyphoid salmonellosis caused by Salmonella enterica is the most common bacterial food-borne illness in humans, and fresh produce, including tomatoes, is a common vehicle. Accumulating data indicate that human enteric pathogenic bacteria, including S. enterica, interact actively with plants. Tomato plants were inoculated with S. enterica to evaluate plausible contamination routes and to determin ...
- DOI:
- 10.1128/AEM.01661-10
- PubMed:
- 21075871
- PubMed Central:
- PMC3020540
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01661-10
- Author:
- Hasan, Syed A.; Ferreira, Maria Isabel M.; Koetsier, Martijn J.; Arif, Muhammad I.; Janssen, Dick B.
- Source:
- Applied and environmental microbiology 2011 v.77 no.2 pp. 572-579
- ISSN:
- 0099-2240
- Subject:
- Arthrobacter; Ralstonia; acids; aerobic conditions; biodegradation; fluorides
- Abstract:
- ... A consortium of the newly isolated bacterial strains Arthrobacter sp. strain G1 and Ralstonia sp. strain H1 utilized 4-fluorocinnamic acid for growth under aerobic conditions. Strain G1 converted 4-fluorocinnamic acid into 4-fluorobenzoic acid and used the two-carbon side chain for growth, with some formation of 4-fluoroacetophenone as a dead-end side product. In the presence of strain H1, complet ...
- DOI:
- 10.1128/AEM.00393-10
- PubMed:
- 21097599
- PubMed Central:
- PMC3020533
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00393-10
- Author:
- Wullings, Bart A.; Bakker, Geo; van der Kooij, Dick
- Source:
- Applied and environmental microbiology 2011 v.77 no.2 pp. 634-641
- ISSN:
- 0099-2240
- Subject:
- Legionella; clones; drinking water; groundwater; organic matter; phylogeny; polymerase chain reaction; quantitative analysis; species diversity; support systems; water distribution; water potential; water supply; water temperature
- Abstract:
- ... Two unchlorinated drinking water supplies were investigated to assess the potential of water treatment and distribution systems to support the growth of Legionella spp. The treatment plant for supply A distributed treated groundwater with a low concentration (<0.5 ppm of C) of natural organic matter (NOM), and the treatment plant for supply B distributed treated groundwater with a high NOM concent ...
- DOI:
- 10.1128/AEM.01215-10
- PubMed:
- 21097586
- PubMed Central:
- PMC3020564
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01215-10
- Author:
- Hartman, Andrea H.; Liu, Hualan; Melville, Stephen B.
- Source:
- Applied and environmental microbiology 2011 v.77 no.2 pp. 471-478
- ISSN:
- 0099-2240
- Subject:
- Clostridium perfringens; Escherichia; adenosinetriphosphatase; bacteria; diseases and disorders (animals and humans); gene expression; gene expression regulation; genetic vectors; lactose; membrane proteins; mutants; pathogens; regulator genes; reporter genes
- Abstract:
- ... Clostridium perfringens is a Gram-positive anaerobic pathogen which causes many diseases in humans and animals. While some genetic tools exist for working with C. perfringens, a tightly regulated, inducible promoter system is currently lacking. Therefore, we constructed a plasmid-based promoter system that provided regulated expression when lactose was added. This plasmid (pKRAH1) is an Escherichi ...
- DOI:
- 10.1128/AEM.01536-10
- PubMed:
- 21097603
- PubMed Central:
- PMC3020545
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01536-10
- Author:
- Sercu, Bram; Van De Werfhorst, Laurie C.; Murray, Jill L.S.; Holden, Patricia A.
- Source:
- Applied and environmental microbiology 2011 v.77 no.2 pp. 627-633
- ISSN:
- 0099-2240
- Subject:
- Clostridium; Escherichia; Shewanella; Vibrio; clones; coliform bacteria; indicator species; microbiological quality; monitoring; nucleotide sequences; restriction fragment length polymorphism; ribosomal RNA; sewage; streams; weather; wells
- Abstract:
- ... Monitoring microbiological water quality is important for protecting water resources and the health of swimmers. Routine monitoring relies on cultivating fecal indicator bacteria (FIB), frequently using defined substrate technology. Defined substrate technology is designed to specifically enrich for FIB, but a complete understanding of the assay microbiology requires culture-independent analysis o ...
- DOI:
- 10.1128/AEM.01113-10
- PubMed:
- 21097584
- PubMed Central:
- PMC3020531
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01113-10
- Author:
- Verreault, Daniel; Gendron, Louis; Rousseau, Geneviève M.; Veillette, Marc; Massé, Daniel; Lindsley, William G.; Moineau, Sylvain; Duchaine, Caroline
- Source:
- Applied and environmental microbiology 2011 v.77 no.2 pp. 491-497
- ISSN:
- 0099-2240
- Subject:
- Lactococcus lactis; air; at-risk population; bacteriophages; cheese plants; cheesemaking; cheeses; dairy industry; filters; milk; polymerase chain reaction; process control; samplers; starter cultures
- Abstract:
- ... The dairy industry adds starter bacterial cultures to heat-treated milk to control the fermentation process during the manufacture of many cheeses. These highly concentrated bacterial populations are susceptible to virulent phages that are ubiquitous in cheese factories. In this study, the dissemination of these phages by the airborne route and their presence on working surfaces were investigated ...
- DOI:
- 10.1128/AEM.01391-10
- PubMed:
- 21115712
- PubMed Central:
- PMC3020544
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01391-10
- Author:
- Galloway-Peña, Jessica R.; Bourgogne, Agathe; Qin, Xiang; Murray, Barbara E.
- Source:
- Applied and environmental microbiology 2011 v.77 no.2 pp. 442-451
- ISSN:
- 0099-2240
- Subject:
- Enterococcus faecalis; loci; mutants; operon; single nucleotide polymorphism
- Abstract:
- ... Most Enterococcus faecalis isolates carry gelE, but many are gelatinase nonproducers due to the lack of fsrC (EF_1820) to EF_1841 (fsrC-EF_1841; 23.9 kb in strain V583), including most of the locus encoding Fsr, which activates gelE expression. Analysis of 22 accessible E. faecalis genomes revealed the identity of the 53-amino-acid propeptide of fsrD across multiple MLSTs (multilocus sequence type ...
- DOI:
- 10.1128/AEM.00756-10
- PubMed:
- 21097591
- PubMed Central:
- PMC3020530
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00756-10
- Author:
- Roig, Francisco J.; González-Candelas, Fernando; Amaro, Carmen
- Source:
- Applied and environmental microbiology 2011 v.77 no.2 pp. 657-668
- ISSN:
- 0099-2240
- Subject:
- Escherichia coli; Photorhabdus; Vibrio vulnificus; actin; biotypes; crosslinking; cysteine; evolution; gene transfer; genes; geographical distribution; host range; toxins
- Abstract:
- ... The objective of this study was to analyze multifunctional autoprocessing repeats-in-toxin (MARTX) toxin domain organization within the aquatic species Vibrio vulnificus as well as to study the evolution of the rtxA1 gene. The species is subdivided into three biotypes that differ in host range and geographical distribution. We have found three different types (I, II, and III) of V. vulnificus MART ...
- DOI:
- 10.1128/AEM.01806-10
- PubMed:
- 21075892
- PubMed Central:
- PMC3020528
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01806-10
- Author:
- Shepherd, Micah D.; Liu, Tao; Méndez, Carmen; Salas, Jose A.; Rohr, Jürgen
- Source:
- Applied and environmental microbiology 2011 v.77 no.2 pp. 435-441
- ISSN:
- 0099-2240
- Subject:
- Streptomyces lividans; biosynthesis; breast neoplasms; drugs; lung neoplasms; parents; plasmids; sugars
- Abstract:
- ... A combinatorial biosynthetic approach was used to interrogate the donor substrate flexibility of GilGT, the glycosyltransferase involved in C-glycosylation during gilvocarcin biosynthesis. Complementation of gilvocarcin mutant Streptomyces lividans TK24 (cosG9B3-U⁻), in which the biosynthesis of the natural sugar donor substrate was compromised, with various deoxysugar plasmids led to the generati ...
- DOI:
- 10.1128/AEM.01774-10
- PubMed:
- 21075894
- PubMed Central:
- PMC3020532
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01774-10
- Author:
- Beeson, William T. IV.; Iavarone, Anthony T.; Hausmann, Corinne D.; Cate, Jamie H.D.; Marletta, Michael A.
- Source:
- Applied and environmental microbiology 2011 v.77 no.2 pp. 650-656
- ISSN:
- 0099-2240
- Subject:
- Ascomycota; Myceliophthora thermophila; bacteria; biomass; cellulose; gene expression; genes; glycoproteins; hydrolases; hydrolysis; pH; prediction; sequence analysis; thermophilic fungi
- Abstract:
- ... Fungi secrete many different enzymes to deconstruct lignocellulosic biomass, including several families of hydrolases, oxidative enzymes, and many uncharacterized proteins. Here we describe the isolation, characterization, and primary sequence analysis of an extracellular aldonolactonase from the thermophilic fungus Myceliophthora thermophila (synonym Sporotrichum thermophile). The lactonase is a ...
- DOI:
- 10.1128/AEM.01922-10
- PubMed:
- 21075873
- PubMed Central:
- PMC3020561
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01922-10
- Author:
- Summer, E.J.; Liu, M.; Gill, J.J.; Grant, M.; Chan-Cortes, T.N.; Ferguson, L.; Janes, C.; Lange, K.; Bertoli, M.; Moore, C.; Orchard, R.C.; Cohen, N.D.; Young, R.
- Source:
- Applied and environmental microbiology 2011 v.77 no.2 pp. 669-683
- ISSN:
- 0099-2240
- Subject:
- Lactococcus lactis; Mycobacterium; Rhodococcus equi; amino acid sequences; bacteriophages; biological resistance; databases; foals; genes; genomics; host range; host strains; sequence analysis; soil; transmembrane proteins
- Abstract:
- ... The isolation and results of genomic and functional analyses of Rhodococcus equi phages ReqiPepy6, ReqiDocB7, ReqiPine5, and ReqiPoco6 (hereafter referred to as Pepy6, DocB7, Pine5, and Poco6, respectively) are reported. Two phages, Pepy6 and Poco6, more than 75% identical, exhibited genome organization and protein sequence likeness to Lactococcus lactis phage 1706 and clostridial prophage element ...
- DOI:
- 10.1128/AEM.01952-10
- PubMed:
- 21097585
- PubMed Central:
- PMC3020559
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01952-10
- Author:
- Chaurasia, Akhilesh Kumar; Apte, Shree Kumar
- Source:
- Applied and environmental microbiology 2011 v.77 no.2 pp. 395-399
- ISSN:
- 0099-2240
- Subject:
- Anabaena; Oryza sativa; biofertilizers; carbon; cell respiration; enzyme activity; gene expression; genes; genetic engineering; nitrogen; nitrogen fixation; nitrogenase; nutrient availability; paddies; paddy soils; photosynthesis; promoter regions; protein synthesis; rice; seedlings
- Abstract:
- ... Photosynthetic, nitrogen-fixing Anabaena strains are native to tropical paddy fields and contribute to the carbon and nitrogen economy of such soils. Genetic engineering was employed to improve the nitrogen biofertilizer potential of Anabaena sp. strain PCC7120. Constitutive enhanced expression of an additional integrated copy of the hetR gene from a light-inducible promoter elevated HetR protein ...
- DOI:
- 10.1128/AEM.01714-10
- PubMed:
- 21057013
- PubMed Central:
- PMC3020549
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01714-10
- Author:
- Jung, Sokhee; Regan, John M.
- Source:
- Applied and environmental microbiology 2011 v.77 no.2 pp. 564-571
- ISSN:
- 0099-2240
- Subject:
- Methanomicrobiales; Methanosaetaceae; acetates; bacterial communities; beta-Proteobacteria; biofilm; biogas; delta-Proteobacteria; electrodes; electrons; energy efficiency; fermentation; gamma-Proteobacteria; glucose; hydrogen; methane; methane production; methanogens; microbial fuel cells
- Abstract:
- ... The external resistance (Rext) of microbial fuel cells (MFCs) regulates both the anode availability as an electron acceptor and the electron flux through the circuit. We evaluated the effects of Rext on MFCs using acetate or glucose. The average current densities (I) ranged from 40.5 mA/m² (9,800 Ω) to 284.5 mA/m² (150 Ω) for acetate-fed MFCs (acetate-fed reactors [ARs]), with a corresponding anod ...
- DOI:
- 10.1128/AEM.01392-10
- PubMed:
- 21075886
- PubMed Central:
- PMC3020560
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01392-10