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1. A microtubule organizing centre (MTOC) is responsible for the production of the sperm flagellum in Matsucoccus feytaudi (Hemiptera: Coccoidea)

Author:
Paoli, Francesco; Roversi, Pio Federico; Gottardo, Marco; Callaini, Giuliano; Mercati, David; Dallai, Romano
Source:
Arthropod structure & development 2015 v.44 no.3 pp. 237-242
ISSN:
1467-8039
Subject:
Drosophila melanogaster; Matsucoccus feytaudi; antibodies; centrioles; flagellum; fluorescence; microtubules; sperm motility; spermatids; spermatozoa; spermiogenesis; tubulin
Abstract:
... A microtubule organizing centre (MTOC) has been described in the spermatid of the hemipteran Matsucoccus feytaudi (Coccoidea). This structure, revealed as a fluorescent ring by treatment with γ-tubulin antibody, gives rise to a bundle of microtubules which surrounds the elongated cylindrical nucleus. This microtubule bundle has been considered an atypical sperm flagellum provided with sperm motili ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.asd.2015.03.002

2. An interommatidial exocrine gland with a “nail-headed” structure in the water strider Aquarius remigis (Hemiptera, Gerridae)

Author:
Jia, Lei-Po; Liang, Ai-Ping
Source:
Arthropod structure & development 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 407-414
ISSN:
1467-8039
Subject:
Gerridae; arthropods; compound eyes; exocrine glands; mixing; secretory granules; transmission electron microscopy
Abstract:
... The fine structure of the interommatidial exocrine glands, found in the compound eyes of the water strider Aquarius remigis, is described using light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy. The glandular pores of the glands are specialized into minute “nail-headed” structures (NS), which are described for the first time in arthropod compound eyes. Each NS is composed of two components: a ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.asd.2015.08.004

3. A novel fluid-feeding mechanism for microbivory in the Acariformes (Arachnida: Acari)

Author:
Bolton, Samuel J.; Bauchan, Gary R.; Ochoa, Ronald; Klompen, Hans
Source:
Arthropod structure & development 2015 v.44 no.4 pp. 313-325
ISSN:
1467-8039
Subject:
Acariformes; feeding methods; habitats; microorganisms; mites; scanning electron microscopy; temperature; wastes
Abstract:
... Low temperature scanning electron microscopy (LT-SEM) has revealed anatomical details suggesting that Osperalycus and Gordialycus (Acariformes: Nematalycidae) have an unusual feeding apparatus that is hypothesized to be specialized for feeding on the fluid contents of small microorganisms (diameter<5 μm). Both mite genera have a feeding strategy that appears to involve picking up small microorgani ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.asd.2015.04.009

4. Book lung development in the embryo, postembryo and first instar of the cobweb spider, Parasteatoda tepidariorum C. L Koch, 1841 (Araneomorphae, Theridiidae)

Author:
Farley, Roger D.
Source:
Arthropod structure & development 2015 v.44 no.4 pp. 355-377
ISSN:
1467-8039
Subject:
Merostomata; Parasteatoda tepidariorum; Scorpiones; air; cell death; electron microscopy; embryogenesis; evolution; extracellular space; gills; instars; lungs; secretory granules
Abstract:
... Light and electron microscopy were used to compare spider book lung development with earlier studies of the development of horseshoe crab book gills and scorpion book lungs. Histological studies at the beginning of the 20th century provided evidence that spider and scorpion book lungs begin with outgrowth of a few primary lamellae (respiratory furrows, saccules) from the posterior surface of opist ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.asd.2015.04.006

5. Changes in the midgut diverticula in the harvestmen Amilenus aurantiacus (Phalangiidae, Opiliones) during winter diapause

Author:
Lipovšek, Saška; Novak, Tone; Janžekovič, Franc; Leitinger, Gerd
Source:
Arthropod structure & development 2015 v.44 no.2 pp. 131-141
ISSN:
1467-8039
Subject:
Phalangiidae; adipocytes; cytoplasm; diapause; epithelium; females; glycogen; granules; habitats; light microscopy; lipids; midgut; nutrients; overwintering; starvation; transmission electron microscopy
Abstract:
... The harvestmen Amilenus aurantiacus overwinter in diapause in hypogean habitats. The midgut diverticula have been studied microscopically (light microscopy, TEM) and biochemically (energy-storing compounds: lipids and glycogen) to analyze changes during this programmed starvation period. Throughout the investigated period, the epithelium of the midgut diverticula is composed of secretory cells, di ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.asd.2014.12.002

6. Comparative morphological analysis of compound eye miniaturization in minute hymenoptera

Author:
Makarova, Anastasia; Polilov, Alexey; Fischer, Stefan
Source:
Arthropod structure & development 2015 v.44 no.1 pp. 21-32
ISSN:
1467-8039
Subject:
Anaphes; Trichogramma evanescens; body size; cell nucleus; cornea; granules; ommatidia; parasitic wasps
Abstract:
... Due to their small size, diminutive parasitic wasps are outstanding subjects for investigating aspects of body miniaturization. Information on minute compound eyes is still scarce, and we therefore investigated eye morphology in one of the smallest known hymenopteran species Megaphragma mymaripenne (body size 0.2 mm) relative to Anaphes flavipes (body size 0.45 mm) and compared the data with avail ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.asd.2014.11.001

7. Comparative morpho-physiology of the metapleural glands of two Atta leaf-cutting ant queens nesting in clayish and organic soils

Author:
Vieira, Alexsandro Santana; Camargo-Mathias, Maria Izabel; Roces, Flavio
Source:
Arthropod structure & development 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 444-454
ISSN:
1467-8039
Subject:
Atta sexdens rubropilosa; antibiotics; antiseptics; evolution; fungus gardens; leaf-cutting ants; microorganisms; nesting; organic matter; organic soils; pathogens; queen insects; risk; soil depth; soil horizons
Abstract:
... Queens of leaf-cutting ants found their nests singly, each consisting of a vertical tunnel and a final horizontal chamber. Because of the claustral mode of nest founding, the queen and/or her initial fungus garden are exposed to threats imposed by several soil pathogens, and the antibiotic secretions produced by their metapleural glands are considered a main adaptation to deal with them. Nests of ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.asd.2015.06.005

8. Comparative thorax morphology of death-feigning flightless cryptorhynchine weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) based on 3D reconstructions

Author:
van de Kamp, Thomas; Cecilia, Angelica; dos Santos Rolo, Tomy; Vagovič, Patrik; Baumbach, Tilo; Riedel, Alexander
Source:
Arthropod structure & development 2015 v.44 no.6 pp. 509-523
ISSN:
1467-8039
Subject:
Curculionidae; flight; micro-computed tomography; muscles; oxygen; thorax; wings
Abstract:
... The thorax morphology, especially the muscles and the tracheal system of three flightless species of Cryptorhynchinae is examined by digital 3D reconstructions based on synchrotron X-ray microtomography and compared to other Curculionidae. Wings, metanepisternites, and muscles functional in flight are fully reduced in the species examined: Kyklioacalles roboris (Curtis), Trigonopterus scharfi Ried ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.asd.2015.07.004

9. Conserved patterns of axogenesis in the panarthropod brain

Author:
Boyan, George; Williams, Leslie; Liu, Yu
Source:
Arthropod structure & development 2015 v.44 no.2 pp. 101-112
ISSN:
1467-8039
Subject:
adults; arthropods; axons; brain; grasshoppers; lifestyle; neurogenesis; phylogeny; topography
Abstract:
... Neuropils in the cerebral midline of Panarthropoda exhibit a wide spectrum of neuroarchitectures – from rudimentary to highly elaborated – and which at first sight defy a unifying neuroarchitectural principle. Developmental approaches have shown that in model arthropods such as insects, conserved cellular and molecular mechanisms first establish a simple axon scaffold in the brain. However, to be ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.asd.2014.11.003

10. Copulatory courtship by bushcricket genital titillators revealed by functional morphology, μCT scanning for 3D reconstruction and female sense structures

Author:
Wulff, Nadja C.; Lehmann, Arne W.; Hipsley, Christy A.; Lehmann, Gerlind U.C.
Source:
Arthropod structure & development 2015 v.44 no.4 pp. 388-397
ISSN:
1467-8039
Subject:
Ursidae; X-radiation; animals; copulation; courtship; female genitalia; females; males; micro-computed tomography; scanning electron microscopy; sclerotization; sensory receptors; sexual selection
Abstract:
... Genitalia are rapidly evolving morphological structures most likely under sexual selection. Due to their internal nature they are often hidden inside the body, thus morpho-functional studies of animal genitalia are broadly lacking. Males of some bushcricket taxa bear paired genital appendices called titillators, the exact function of which is unknown since they are obscured inside the female body ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.asd.2015.05.001

11. Cribellate thread production in spiders: Complex processing of nano-fibres into a functional capture thread

Author:
Joel, Anna-Christin; Kappel, Peter; Adamova, Hana; Baumgartner, Werner; Scholz, Ingo
Source:
Arthropod structure & development 2015 v.44 no.6 pp. 568-573
ISSN:
1467-8039
Subject:
Uloborus; metatarsus; models; silk
Abstract:
... Spider silk production has been studied intensively in the last years. However, capture threads of cribellate spiders employ an until now often unnoticed alternative of thread production. This thread in general is highly interesting, as it not only involves a controlled arrangement of three types of threads with one being nano-scale fibres (cribellate fibres), but also a special comb-like structur ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.asd.2015.07.003

12. Embryonic development of a collembolan, Tomocerus cuspidatus Börner, 1909: With special reference to the development and developmental potential of serosa (Hexapoda: Collembola, Tomoceridae)

Author:
Tomizuka, Shigekazu; Machida, Ryuichiro
Source:
Arthropod structure & development 2015 v.44 no.2 pp. 157-172
ISSN:
1467-8039
Subject:
Cercophora; Diplura; Protura; Tomoceridae; Tomocerus; blastoderm; eggs; embryogenesis; integument; mitosis; phylogeny; serosa
Abstract:
... The embryogenesis of a collembolan, Tomocerus cuspidatus, was examined and described, with special reference to the development of serosa and its developmental potential. As a result of cleavage, which starts with holoblastic cleavage and changes to the superficial type, the blastoderm forms. At the center of the dorsal side of the egg, the primary dorsal organ develops. The mesoderm is segregated ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.asd.2014.12.004

13. Evolutionary morphology of the hemolymph vascular system of basal araneomorph spiders (Araneae: Araneomorphae)

Author:
Huckstorf, Katarina; Michalik, Peter; Ramírez, Martín; Wirkner, Christian S.
Source:
Arthropod structure & development 2015 v.44 no.6 pp. 609-621
ISSN:
1467-8039
Subject:
Filistatidae; arteries; hemolymph; intraspecific variation; phylogeny; surveys
Abstract:
... The superfamily Austrochiloidea (Austrochilidae and Gradungulidae) take a pivotal position in araneomorph spider phylogeny. In this discussion crevice weaver spiders (Filistatidae) are of equal interest. Especially data from these phylogenetically uncertain yet basal off branching groups can enlighten our understanding on the evolution of organ systems. In the course of a survey on the evolutionar ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.asd.2015.06.003

14. Evolution of a giant intromittent organ in Scydmaeninae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae): Functional morphology of the male postabdomen in Mastigini

Author:
Jałoszyński, Paweł; Matsumura, Yoko; Beutel, Rolf G.
Source:
Arthropod structure & development 2015 v.44 no.1 pp. 77-98
ISSN:
1467-8039
Subject:
Staphylinidae; abdomen; aedeagus; copulation; elytra; evolution; females; flagellum; males; muscles; spermatheca; spermatozoa
Abstract:
... We compared the postabdominal architecture of Mastigini with extremely long (Stenomastigus) or short (Palaeostigus) aedeagus. A novel mode of copulation was discovered: males of Stenomastigus insert a paramere between the female's abdomen and elytra, and the intromission is stabilized by several structures of both sexes. The intrinsic aedeagal mechanism is indicated as responsible for inflating th ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.asd.2014.09.006

15. Exocrine glands in the legs of the social wasp Vespula vulgaris

Author:
Nijs, Catherine; Billen, Johan
Source:
Arthropod structure & development 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 433-443
ISSN:
1467-8039
Subject:
Vespula vulgaris; chemical analysis; cleaning; exocrine glands; legs; males; social insects; surveys
Abstract:
... This study brings a survey of the exocrine glands in the legs of Vespula vulgaris wasps. We studied workers, males, virgin queens as well as mated queens. A variety of 17 glands is found in the different leg segments. Among these, five glands are novel exocrine structures for social insects (trochanter-femur gland, ventrodistal tibial gland, distal tibial sac gland, ventral tibial gland, and ventr ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.asd.2015.08.011

16. Force feedback reinforces muscle synergies in insect legs

Author:
Zill, Sasha N.; Chaudhry, Sumaiya; Büschges, Ansgar; Schmitz, Josef
Source:
Arthropod structure & development 2015 v.44 no.6 pp. 541-553
ISSN:
1467-8039
Subject:
Blattodea; Phasmida; adhesion; animals; biomechanics; feet; insects; mechanoreceptors; muscles; receptors; sensilla
Abstract:
... The nervous system solves complex biomechanical problems by activating muscles in modular, synergist groups. We have studied how force feedback in substrate grip is integrated with effects of sense organs that monitor support and propulsion in insects. Campaniform sensilla are mechanoreceptors that encode forces as cuticular strains. We tested the hypothesis that integration of force feedback from ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.asd.2015.07.001

17. Foregut morphology and ontogeny of the mud crab Dyspanopeus sayi (Smith, 1869) (Decapoda, Brachyura, Panopeidae)

Author:
Castejón, Diego; Ribes, Enric; Durfort, Mercè; Rotllant, Guiomar; Guerao, Guillermo
Source:
Arthropod structure & development 2015 v.44 no.1 pp. 33-41
ISSN:
1467-8039
Subject:
Decapoda; adults; crabs; food choices; foregut; larvae; metamorphosis; ontogeny; phylogeny; scanning electron microscopy; staining; teeth
Abstract:
... The morphology of the foregut of the Say's mud crab Dyspanopeus sayi was described in adults and larvae. The ossicle system was illustrated based on a staining method with Alizarin-Red. The gastric teeth and cardio-pyloric valve were dissected and examined using optical and scanning electron microscopy. In the adults, the morphology of ossicles and gastric teeth of D. sayi is very similar to the r ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.asd.2014.09.005

18. Functional anatomy of the explosive defensive system of bombardier beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Brachininae)

Author:
Di Giulio, Andrea; Muzzi, Maurizio; Romani, Roberto
Source:
Arthropod structure & development 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 468-490
ISSN:
1467-8039
Subject:
Brachinus; catalase; fluorescence; fluorescence microscopy; hydrogen peroxide; hydroquinone; mechanical stress; scanning electron microscopy; ultrastructure
Abstract:
... This paper provides the first comparative anatomical study of the explosive pygidial defensive system of bombardier beetles in species classified in three brachinine subtribes: Brachinus (Brachinina), Pheropsophus (Pheropsophina) and Aptinus (Aptinina). We investigated the morphology and ultrastructure of this system using optical, fluorescence, and focused ion beam (FIB/SEM) microscopy. In doing ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.asd.2015.08.013

19. Functional anatomy of the pretarsus in whip spiders (Arachnida, Amblypygi)

Author:
Wolff, Jonas O.; Seiter, Michael; Gorb, Stanislav N.
Source:
Arthropod structure & development 2015 v.44 no.6 pp. 524-540
ISSN:
1467-8039
Subject:
Amblypygi; Araneae; ecology; evolution; glass; insects; kinematics; legs; lipids; microstructure; structure-activity relationships; tropics; ultrastructure; vertebrates; walking
Abstract:
... Whip spiders (Amblypygi) are a small, cryptic order of arachnids mainly distributed in the tropics. Some basal lineages (families Charinidae and Charontidae) have adhesive pads on the tips of their six walking legs. The present study describes the macro- and ultrastructure of these pads and investigates their contact mechanics and adhesive strength on smooth and rough substrates. Furthermore, the ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.asd.2015.08.014

20. Functional morphology of the male caudal appendages of the damselfly Ischnura elegans (Zygoptera: Coenagrionidae)

Author:
Willkommen, Jana; Michels, Jan; Gorb, Stanislav N.
Source:
Arthropod structure & development 2015 v.44 no.4 pp. 289-300
ISSN:
1467-8039
Subject:
Ischnura; appendages; copulation; evolution; females; insects; males; micro-computed tomography; microscopy; microstructure; muscles; spermatozoa; topography
Abstract:
... Odonata are usually regarded as one of the most ancient extant lineages of winged insects. Their copulatory apparatus and mating behavior are unique among insects. Male damselflies use their caudal appendages to clasp the female's prothorax during both copulation and egg-laying and have a secondary copulatory apparatus for sperm transfer. Knowledge of the functional morphology of the male caudal a ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.asd.2015.04.002

21. Giant stick insects reveal unique ontogenetic changes in biological attachment devices

Author:
Gottardo, Marco; Vallotto, Davide; Beutel, Rolf G.
Source:
Arthropod structure & development 2015 v.44 no.2 pp. 195-199
ISSN:
1467-8039
Subject:
Timema; adults; insects; instars; lifestyle; nymphs; ontogeny; phylogeny
Abstract:
... A strong modification of tarsal and pretarsal attachment pads during the postembryonic development is described for the first time. In the exceptionally large thorny devil stick insect Eurycantha calcarata a functional arolium is only present in the immature instars, enabling them to climb on smooth surfaces, especially leaves. Nymphs are also characterized by greyish and hairy euplantulae on tars ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.asd.2015.01.001

22. How to stay on mummy's back: Morphological and functional changes of the pretarsus in arachnid postembryonic stages

Author:
Wolff, Jonas O.; Huber, Siegfried J.; Gorb, Stanislav N.
Source:
Arthropod structure & development 2015 v.44 no.4 pp. 301-312
ISSN:
1467-8039
Subject:
Amblypygi; Araneae; Scorpiones; adhesion; adults; arthropods; biomimetics; claws; evolution; feet; mothers; nymphs; progeny; ultrastructure
Abstract:
... A specific type of maternal care occurs in several groups of Arachnida: mothers carry their offspring on their back (pulli-carrying behaviour). In scorpions, whip scorpions and whip spiders it is the prenymphal stage that settles on the mother. The prenymph is not yet fully developed for a free life and very limited in its mobility, but its feet are equipped with special adhesive organs (arolia) t ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.asd.2015.04.004

23. Immune challenges trigger cellular and humoral responses in adults of Pterostichus melas italicus (Coleoptera, Carabidae)

Author:
Giglio, Anita; Brandmayr, Pietro; Pasqua, Teresa; Angelone, Tommaso; Battistella, Silvia; Giulianini, Piero G.
Source:
Arthropod structure & development 2015 v.44 no.3 pp. 209-217
ISSN:
1467-8039
Subject:
Pterostichus; adults; agroecosystems; apoptosis; cytotoxicity; granulocytes; hemocytes; humoral immunity; inducible nitric oxide synthase; latex; lipopolysaccharides; monophenol monooxygenase; nitric oxide; nontarget organisms; pathogens; phagocytosis; protein synthesis
Abstract:
... The present study focuses on the ability of Pterostichus melas italicus Dejean to mount cellular and humoral immune responses against invading pathogens. Ultrastructural analyses revealed the presence of five morphologically distinct types of hemocytes: prohemocytes, plasmatocytes, granulocytes, oenocytoids and macrophage-like cells. Differential hemocyte counts showed that plasmatocytes and granu ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.asd.2015.01.002

24. Larval development of the pedunculate barnacles Octolasmis angulata Aurivillius 1894 and Octolasmis cor Aurivillius 1892 (Cirripedia: Thoracica: Poecilasmatidae) from the gills of the mud crab, Scylla tranquebarica Fabricius, 1798

Author:
Yap, F.C.; Wong, W.L.; Maule, A.G.; Brennan, G.P.; Lim, L.H.S.
Source:
Arthropod structure & development 2015 v.44 no.3 pp. 253-279
ISSN:
1467-8039
Subject:
Cirripedia; Scylla tranquebarica; antennae; appendages; body size; crabs; ecology; gills; larval development; lifestyle; metamorphosis; nauplii
Abstract:
... Detailed studies of larval development of Octolasmis angulata and Octolasmis cor are pivotal in understanding the larval morphological evolution as well as enhancing the functional ecology. Six planktotrophic naupliar stages and one non-feeding cyprid stage are documented in details for the first time for the two species of Octolasmis. Morphologically, the larvae of O. angulata and O. cor are simi ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.asd.2015.02.001

25. Lehr's fields of campaniform sensilla in beetles (Coleoptera): Functional morphology. III. Modification of elytral mobility or shape in flying beetles

Author:
Frantsevich, Leonid; Gorb, Stanislav; Radchenko, Vladimir; Gladun, Dmytro
Source:
Arthropod structure & development 2015 v.44 no.2 pp. 113-120
ISSN:
1467-8039
Subject:
Meloidae; Scarabaeus; Staphylinidae; abdomen; body size; elytra; flight; functional properties; sensilla
Abstract:
... Some flying beetles have peculiar functional properties of their elytra, if compared with the vast majority of beetles. A “typical” beetle covers its pterothorax and the abdomen from above with closed elytra and links closed elytra together along the sutural edges. In the open state during flight, the sutural edges diverge much more than by 90°. Several beetles of unrelated taxa spread wings throu ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.asd.2014.11.004

26. Lehr's fields of campaniform sensilla in beetles (Coleoptera): Functional morphology. II. Wing reduction and the sensory field

Author:
Frantsevich, Leonid; Gorb, Stanislav; Radchenko, Vladimir; Gladun, Dmytro; Polilov, Alexey; Cherney, Lyubov; Browdy, Vassily; Kovalev, Maxim
Source:
Arthropod structure & development 2015 v.44 no.1 pp. 1-9
ISSN:
1467-8039
Subject:
Coleoptera; body size; elytra; flight; insects; sensilla
Abstract:
... Loss of the flight ability and wing reduction has been reported for many taxa of Coleoptera. If elytra are closed, their roots are clenched between the tergum and the pleuron, forces applied to the elytra can not be transmitted to the field of campaniform sensilla situated on the root. That is why it is plausible to assume that the field becomes redundant in non-flying beetles. We examined the rel ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.asd.2014.10.003

27. Location, morphology and function of nephrocytes in termites

Author:
Costa-Leonardo, Ana Maria; Janei, Vanelize; Laranjo, Lara Teixeira; Haifig, Ives
Source:
Arthropod structure & development 2015 v.44 no.4 pp. 346-354
ISSN:
1467-8039
Subject:
Golgi apparatus; Isoptera; cell membranes; developmental stages; endocytosis; filtration; hemolymph; insects; protein synthesis; proteins; rough endoplasmic reticulum; vacuoles
Abstract:
... Insect nephrocytes are cells bathed in hemolymph and considered to have an excretory function. These cells have ambiguous nomenclature and are understudied in termites. This study is the first report on the occurrence, morphology and function of nephrocytes in different termite castes. Cytological characteristics in specific developmental stages and castes enable physiological functions to be infe ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.asd.2015.03.006

28. Mechanoreceptor distribution in stag beetle jaws corresponds to the material stress in fights

Author:
Goyens, J.; Dirckx, J.; Aerts, P.
Source:
Arthropod structure & development 2015 v.44 no.3 pp. 201-208
ISSN:
1467-8039
Subject:
Lucanidae; dendrites; exoskeleton; image analysis; jaws; males; mechanoreceptors; muscles; scanning electron microscopy
Abstract:
... Male stag beetles (Lucanidae) use their extremely elongated jaws to pinch their rivals forcefully in male–male battles. The morphology of these jaws has to be a compromise between robustness (to withstand the bite forces), length and weight. Cyclommatus metallifer stag beetles circumvent this trade-off by reducing their bite force when biting with their slender jaw tips. Here we describe the funct ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.asd.2015.03.003

29. Metamorphic changes in abdominal spines of Forcipomyia nigra pupae (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)

Author:
Urbanek, Aleksandra; Richert, Malwina; Kapusta, Małgorzata
Source:
Arthropod structure & development 2015 v.44 no.6 pp. 554-567
ISSN:
1467-8039
Subject:
Forcipomyia; Ursidae; apoptosis; autophagy; genes; larvae; mechanoreceptors; pupae; ultrastructure
Abstract:
... Pupae of Forcipomyia nigra biting midges bear double rows of dorsal and lateral spines. Their arrangement corresponds to the distribution of larval mechanosensory setae. They are serrated simple cuticular structures with tubercles but, in contrast to larval secretory mechanoreceptors, they are not innervated and do not exhibit any pores. The ultrastructure of abdominal spines varies among differen ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.asd.2015.08.001

30. Morphology of the mouthparts of the spittlebug Philagra albinotata Uhler (Hemiptera: Cercopoidea: Aphrophoridae)

Author:
Wang, Tingting; Pan, Liuxing; Zhang, Yalin; Dai, Wu
Source:
Arthropod structure & development 2015 v.44 no.2 pp. 121-130
ISSN:
1467-8039
Subject:
Aphrophoridae; Cercopidae; feeding behavior; insects; scanning electron microscopy; sensilla; stylets; teeth
Abstract:
... Mouthparts associated with feeding behavior and feeding habits are important sensory and feeding structures in insects. To obtain a better understanding of feeding in Cercopoidea, the morphology of mouthparts of the spittlebug, Philagra albinotata Uhler was examined using scanning electron microscopy. The mouthparts of P. albinotata are of the typical piercing–sucking type found in Hemiptera, comp ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.asd.2014.12.001

31. Neurons without dendrites? – A novel type of neurosecretory cell in locusts

Author:
Bräunig, Peter
Source:
Arthropod structure & development 2015 v.44 no.6 pp. 604-607
ISSN:
1467-8039
Subject:
Locusta migratoria; Schistocerca gregaria; abdominal ganglia; dendrites; locusts; nerve tissue; peripheral nerves; staining
Abstract:
... Small-diameter nerves were found that are associated with the lateral peripheral nerves of the unfused abdominal ganglia of locusts. Such small nerves were observed in about 30% of all cases in Locusta migratoria, more than 60% in Schistocerca gregaria. Retrograde staining of these small nerves showed two somata in the posterior, lateral, and ventral region of an abdominal ganglion. These cells gi ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.asd.2015.06.004

32. Ontogeny and reproductive biology of Diadegma semiclausum (Hym.: Ichneumonidae), a larval endoparasitoid of Diamondback Moth, Plutella xylostella (Lep.: Plutellidae)

Author:
Pourian, Hamid-Reza; Talaei-Hassanloui, Reza; Ashouri, Ahmad; Lotfalizadeh, Hossein-Ali; Nozari, Jamasb
Source:
Arthropod structure & development 2015 v.44 no.1 pp. 69-76
ISSN:
1467-8039
Subject:
Diadegma semiclausum; Plutella xylostella; adults; eggs; endoparasitoids; fecundity; females; immatures; larvae; longevity; males; ontogeny; oocytes; oviposition; parasitism; photoperiod; pupae; resorption
Abstract:
... In this article, the ontogeny and reproductive biology of Diadegma semiclausum (Hym.: Ichneumonidae), an important parasitoid of Plutella xylostella (Lep.: Plutellidae) are described in detail. We did dissect parasitized P. xylostella larvae in phosphate-buffered saline and determine the external morphology of its parasitoid at all developmental stages. The developmental duration of its immature s ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.asd.2014.11.002

33. Remarkable crystal and defect structures in butterfly eye nano-nipple arrays

Author:
Lee, Ken C.; Erb, Uwe
Source:
Arthropod structure & development 2015 v.44 no.6 pp. 587-594
ISSN:
1467-8039
Subject:
Nymphalis antiopa; Polygonia; butterflies; cornea; crystal structure; geometry; optical properties
Abstract:
... The corneal nipple structures on the eyes of two nymphalid butterfly species (Nymphalis antiopa and Polygonia interrogationis) are analyzed in terms of nipple arrangements and associated defects. The nipple arrays in both species have close-packed hexagonal lattices with lattice parameters of about 200 nm. The most abundant defects observed are 5–7 coordination defects that generate dislocations, ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.asd.2015.08.007

34. Reproductive biology in Anophelinae mosquitoes (Diptera, Culicidae): Fine structure of the female accessory gland

Author:
Laghezza Masci, Valentina; Di Luca, Marco; Gambellini, Gabriella; Taddei, Anna Rita; Belardinelli, Maria Cristina; Guerra, Laura; Mazzini, Massimo; Fausto, Anna Maria
Source:
Arthropod structure & development 2015 v.44 no.4 pp. 378-387
ISSN:
1467-8039
Subject:
Anopheles maculipennis; Anopheles stephensi; cytoplasm; digestion; electron microscopy; females; hematophagy; insects; oviducts; spermatheca; ultrastructure; vagina
Abstract:
... The morphology and ultrastructure of female accessory reproductive glands of Anopheles maculipennis s.s., Anopheles labranchiae and Anopheles stephensi were investigated by light and electron microscopy. The reproductive system in these species is characterized by two ovaries, two lateral oviducts, a single spermatheca and a single accessory gland. The gland is globular and has a thin duct which e ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.asd.2015.04.003

35. Spermatodesm reorganization in the spermatophore and in the spermatheca of the bushcricket Tylopsis liliifolia (Fabricius) (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae)

Author:
Viscuso, Renata; Vitale, Danilo G.M.
Source:
Arthropod structure & development 2015 v.44 no.3 pp. 243-252
ISSN:
1467-8039
Subject:
Tettigoniidae; epithelial cells; epithelium; females; secretion; spermatheca; spermatophores; spermatozoa
Abstract:
... Spermatozoa of Tettigoniidae are usually transferred to the female by means of a spermatophore which is also the site of feather-shaped spermatodesm formation. These spermatodesms are then transferred to a spermatheca, composed of a spermathecal duct and of a seminal receptacle, involved in storing spermatozoa. In order to extend the knowledge about sperm transfer and spermatodesms reorganization ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.asd.2015.03.004

36. Sternal gland structures in males of bean flower thrips, Megalurothrips sjostedti, and Poinsettia thrips, Echinothrips americanus, in comparison with those of western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)

Author:
Krueger, Stephanie; Subramanian, Sevgan; Niassy, Saliou; Moritz, Gerald B.
Source:
Arthropod structure & development 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 455-467
ISSN:
1467-8039
Subject:
Euphorbia pulcherrima; Frankliniella occidentalis; Megalurothrips sjostedti; aggregation pheromones; beans; flowers; light microscopy; males; transmission electron microscopy; ultrastructure
Abstract:
... Sternal pores are important features for identification of male thrips, especially within the subfamily Thripinae. They vary in shape, size and distribution even between species of one genus. Their functional role is speculated to be that of sex- and/or aggregation pheromone production. Yet, sexual aggregations are not reported in Echinothrips americanus, known to have sternal pores, while we obse ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.asd.2015.07.002

37. Subforaminal bridges in Hymenoptera (Insecta), with a focus on Chalcidoidea

Author:
Burks, R.A.; Heraty, J.M.
Source:
Arthropod structure & development 2015 v.44 no.2 pp. 173-194
ISSN:
1467-8039
Subject:
Hymenoptera; adults; evolution; head
Abstract:
... Variation in structures of the posterior surface of the head in Hymenoptera is compared and interpreted according to theories of head capsule evolution, with focus on understanding previously baffling conditions in the superfamily Chalcidoidea. Features are investigated separately without first classifying subforaminal bridges into subcategories. In Proctotrupomorpha (including Chalcidoidea), Cera ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.asd.2014.12.003

38. Tarsomere and distal tibial glands: Structure and potential roles in termites (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae, Termitidae)

Author:
Costa-Leonardo, Ana Maria; Soares, Helena Xavier; Haifig, Ives; Laranjo, Lara Teixeira
Source:
Arthropod structure & development 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 426-432
ISSN:
1467-8039
Subject:
Coptotermes gestroi; Heterotermes; Hymenoptera; Termitidae; exocrine glands; legs; secretion; social insects; transmission electron microscopy
Abstract:
... Social insects have numerous exocrine glands, but these organs are understudied in termites compared to hymenopterans. The tarsomere and distal tibial glands of the termites Heterotermes tenuis, Coptotermes gestroi and Silvestritermes euamignathus were investigated by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Pore plates are visible in scanning micrographs on the distal tibial surfaces and on ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.asd.2015.08.012

39. Testicular development and modes of apoptosis during spermatogenesis in various castes of the termite Reticulitermes labralis (Isoptera:Rhinotermitidae)

Author:
Su, Xiao Hong; Chen, Jiao Ling; Zhang, Xiao Jing; Xue, Wei; Liu, He; Xing, Lian Xi
Source:
Arthropod structure & development 2015 v.44 no.6 pp. 630-638
ISSN:
1467-8039
Subject:
Reticulitermes; apoptosis; caste determination; castration; instars; larvae; males; reproductive performance; reproductives; spermatids; spermatocytes; spermatogenesis; spermatogonia; spermatozoa; testes; testicular development
Abstract:
... The separation of reproductive and non-reproductive roles based on caste differentiation is the most prominent characteristic of termites. However, little is known about the mechanism of male reproductive division that underlies caste differentiation. In the present study, testicular development and stage-specific apoptotic patterns were investigated and compared during spermatogenesis in reproduc ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.asd.2015.08.009

40. The antenna of a burrowing dragonfly larva, Onychogomphus forcipatus (Anisoptera, Gomphidae)

Author:
Rebora, Manuela; Piersanti, Silvana; Salerno, Gianandrea; Gorb, Stanislav
Source:
Arthropod structure & development 2015 v.44 no.6 pp. 595-603
ISSN:
1467-8039
Subject:
Gomphidae; antennae; chemoreceptors; flagellum; insects; larvae; lifestyle; mechanoreceptors; sensilla; setae (animal); transmission electron microscopy
Abstract:
... The larva of the dragonfly Onychogomphus forcipatus (Anisoptera, Gomphidae) has a burrowing lifestyle and antennae composed of four short and broad segments (scape, pedicel and a two-segmented flagellum). The present ultrastructural investigation revealed that different sensilla and one gland are located on the antenna. There is a great diversity of mechanoreceptors of different kinds. In particul ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.asd.2015.06.001

41. The branchiostegal lung of Uca vocans (Decapoda: Ocypodidae): Unreported complexity revealed by corrosion casting and MicroCT techniques

Author:
Paoli, Francesco; Wirkner, Christian S.; Cannicci, Stefano
Source:
Arthropod structure & development 2015 v.44 no.6 pp. 622-629
ISSN:
1467-8039
Subject:
Uca; corrosion; crabs; gills; micro-computed tomography; oxygen
Abstract:
... The study of adaptation to terrestrial life in crabs poses several physiological questions. One of the major challenges the crabs have to face is respiration of air: most of the time, gills are unsuitable to perform oxygen exchange out of the water. Fiddler crabs, like other representatives of the Ocypodidae, have developed an additional mechanism of respiration by improving the circulation that l ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.asd.2015.09.006

42. The embryonic development of Stylops ovinae (Strepsiptera, Stylopidae) with emphasis on external morphology

Author:
Fraulob, Maximilian; Beutel, Rolf Georg; Machida, Ryuichiro; Pohl, Hans
Source:
Arthropod structure & development 2015 v.44 no.1 pp. 42-68
ISSN:
1467-8039
Subject:
Stylops; abdomen; antennae; appendages; egg membranes; eggs; embryogenesis; head; instars; larvae; legs; lifestyle; setae (animal)
Abstract:
... External features of the embryonic development of Stylops ovinae (Strepsiptera) were examined. Eighteen distinct embryological stages are suggested. Many embryological traits are closely correlated to the parasitic life style of the first instar larvae or to vivipary. The high number of eggs, their small size, the characteristic egg membrane, and the lack of micropyles are derived groundplan featu ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.asd.2014.10.001

43. The embryonic origin of the ampullate silk glands of the spider Cupiennius salei

Author:
Hilbrant, Maarten; Damen, Wim G.M.
Source:
Arthropod structure & development 2015 v.44 no.3 pp. 280-288
ISSN:
1467-8039
Subject:
Cupiennius salei; embryogenesis; genes; morphogenesis; setae (animal); silk; silk glands
Abstract:
... Silk production in spiders is considered a key innovation, and to have been vital for the diversification of the clade. The evolutionary origin of the organs involved in spider silk production, however, and in particular of the silk glands, is poorly understood. Homologies have been proposed between these and other glands found in arachnids, but lacking knowledge of the embryonic development of sp ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.asd.2015.04.001

44. The Jurassic Bajanzhargalanidae (Insecta: Grylloblattida?): New genera and species, and data on postabdominal morphology

Author:
Cui, Yingying; Béthoux, Olivier; Klass, Klaus-Dieter; Ren, Dong
Source:
Arthropod structure & development 2015 v.44 no.6 pp. 688-716
ISSN:
1467-8039
Subject:
Grylloblattidae; females; fossils; insects; intraspecific variation; males; new genus; new species; phylogeny; China
Abstract:
... The presumed phylogenetic link between extant ice-crawlers (Grylloblattidae = ‘crown-Grylloblattida’) and fossil species of the taxon concept Grylloblattida sensu Storozhenko (2002) is essentially based on postabdominal morphology. However, the fossil data are limited, and the interpretation is open to debate. Here we investigate a sample of a poorly known fossil ‘grylloblattidan’ family, the Baja ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.asd.2015.04.008

45. The larval head of Exechia (Mycetophilidae) and Bibio (Bibionidae) (Diptera)

Author:
Bauernfeind, René; Schneeberg, Katharina; Beutel, Rolf Georg
Source:
Arthropod structure & development 2015 v.44 no.4 pp. 326-345
ISSN:
1467-8039
Subject:
Bibio; Mycetophilidae; antennae; larvae; mouthparts; pharynx; sclerotization; teeth
Abstract:
... Exechia and Bibio have retained several plesiomorphic groundplan features of Diptera and Bibionomorpha, including a fully exposed and sclerotized head capsule, the transverse undivided labrum, the absence of movable premandibles, and undivided mandibles without combs. The fusion of the hypostomal bridge with the head capsule and largely reduced antennae are derived features shared by both taxa. Th ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.asd.2015.04.005

46. The Last Breath: A μCT-based method for investigating the tracheal system in Hexapoda

Author:
Iwan, Dariusz; Kamiński, Marcin Jan; Raś, Marcin
Source:
Arthropod structure & development 2015 v.44 no.3 pp. 218-227
ISSN:
1467-8039
Subject:
Tenebrio molitor; drying; ethyl acetate; freezing; fumigation; imagos; insects; larvae; models; muscles; nervous system; pupae; tracheae (invertebrates)
Abstract:
... In recent years, μCT-based studies of the insect tracheal system have become an increasingly important area of research. Nevertheless, the methods proposed in previous research for investigating the respiratory system in the three-dimensional space were described and tested based on a relatively small number of specimens. Additionally, the individuals studied in all these cases represented only a ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.asd.2015.02.002

47. The morphology of the eggs of three species of Zoraptera (Insecta)

Author:
Mashimo, Yuta; Beutel, Rolf G.; Dallai, Romano; Gottardo, Marco; Lee, Chow-Yang; Machida, Ryuichiro
Source:
Arthropod structure & development 2015 v.44 no.6 pp. 656-666
ISSN:
1467-8039
Subject:
Zorotypus; chorion; eggs; hatching; males; spermatheca; spermatozoa; synapomorphy
Abstract:
... The egg structure of Zorotypus magnicaudelli, Zorotypus hubbardi and Zorotypus impolitus was examined and described in detail. Major characteristics of zorapteran eggs previously reported were confirmed in these species, with the partial exception of Z. impolitus: 1) a pair of micropyles at the equator of the egg's ventral side, 2) a honeycomb pattern on the egg surface, 3) a two-layered chorion, ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.asd.2015.09.005

48. The nasus gland: A new gland in soldiers of Angularitermes (Termitidae, Nasutitermitinae)

Author:
Šobotník, Jan; Bourguignon, Thomas; Carrijo, Tiago F.; Bordereau, Christian; Robert, Alain; Křížková, Barbora; Constantini, Joice P.; Cancello, Eliana M.
Source:
Arthropod structure & development 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 401-406
ISSN:
1467-8039
Subject:
Blattodea; Termitidae; exocrine glands; secretion; synapomorphy
Abstract:
... Termites have developed many exocrine glands, generally dedicated to defence or communication. Although a few of these glands occur in all termite species, or represent synapomorphies of larger clades, others are morphological innovations of a single species, or a few related species. Here, we describe the nasus gland, a new gland occurring at the base of the nasus of Angularitermes soldiers. The ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.asd.2015.08.006

49. The sperm of Matsucoccus feytaudi (Insecta, Coccoidea): Can the microtubular bundle be considered as a true flagellum?

Author:
Paoli, Francesco; Roversi, Pio Federico; Benassai, Daniele; Squarcini, Michele; Mercati, David; Dallai, Romano
Source:
Arthropod structure & development 2015 v.44 no.2 pp. 142-156
ISSN:
1467-8039
Subject:
Matsucoccus feytaudi; Pinus pinaster; acrosome; centrioles; flagellum; meiosis; microtubules; mitochondria; parthenogenesis; pests; sperm motility; spermatids; spermiogenesis; Eastern European region
Abstract:
... In the present work the spermiogenesis and sperm structure of Matsucoccus feytaudi, a primary pest of the maritime pine in southern eastern Europe, is studied. In addition to the already known characteristics of coccid sperm, such as the absence of the acrosome and mitochondria, and the presence of a bundle of microtubules responsible for sperm motility, a peculiar structure from which the microtu ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.asd.2014.11.005

50. The sperm pump of the hangingfly Bittacus planus Cheng (Mecoptera: Bittacidae)

Author:
Gao, Qiong-Hua; Hua, Bao-Zhen
Source:
Arthropod structure & development 2015 v.44 no.6 pp. 667-676
ISSN:
1467-8039
Subject:
Bittacidae; females; insects; males; muscles; phylogeny; scanning electron microscopy; spermatozoa
Abstract:
... The males of antliophoran insects usually use a sperm pump to transfer liquid sperm into the reproductive tract of the female. However, the fine structure of the sperm pump and its ejaculatory mechanism has not been thoroughly clarified in many groups of Mecoptera. In this paper, the structure of the sperm pump was investigated in the hangingfly Bittacus planus Cheng, 1949 using light and scanning ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.asd.2015.09.007