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1. Comparative morphological analysis of compound eye miniaturization in minute hymenoptera

Author:
Makarova, Anastasia; Polilov, Alexey; Fischer, Stefan
Source:
Arthropod structure & development 2015 v.44 no.1 pp. 21-32
ISSN:
1467-8039
Subject:
Anaphes; Trichogramma evanescens; body size; cell nucleus; cornea; granules; ommatidia; parasitic wasps
Abstract:
... Due to their small size, diminutive parasitic wasps are outstanding subjects for investigating aspects of body miniaturization. Information on minute compound eyes is still scarce, and we therefore investigated eye morphology in one of the smallest known hymenopteran species Megaphragma mymaripenne (body size 0.2 mm) relative to Anaphes flavipes (body size 0.45 mm) and compared the data with avail ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.asd.2014.11.001

2. Evolution of a giant intromittent organ in Scydmaeninae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae): Functional morphology of the male postabdomen in Mastigini

Author:
Jałoszyński, Paweł; Matsumura, Yoko; Beutel, Rolf G.
Source:
Arthropod structure & development 2015 v.44 no.1 pp. 77-98
ISSN:
1467-8039
Subject:
Staphylinidae; abdomen; aedeagus; copulation; elytra; evolution; females; flagellum; males; muscles; spermatheca; spermatozoa
Abstract:
... We compared the postabdominal architecture of Mastigini with extremely long (Stenomastigus) or short (Palaeostigus) aedeagus. A novel mode of copulation was discovered: males of Stenomastigus insert a paramere between the female's abdomen and elytra, and the intromission is stabilized by several structures of both sexes. The intrinsic aedeagal mechanism is indicated as responsible for inflating th ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.asd.2014.09.006

3. Foregut morphology and ontogeny of the mud crab Dyspanopeus sayi (Smith, 1869) (Decapoda, Brachyura, Panopeidae)

Author:
Castejón, Diego; Ribes, Enric; Durfort, Mercè; Rotllant, Guiomar; Guerao, Guillermo
Source:
Arthropod structure & development 2015 v.44 no.1 pp. 33-41
ISSN:
1467-8039
Subject:
Decapoda; adults; crabs; food choices; foregut; larvae; metamorphosis; ontogeny; phylogeny; scanning electron microscopy; staining; teeth
Abstract:
... The morphology of the foregut of the Say's mud crab Dyspanopeus sayi was described in adults and larvae. The ossicle system was illustrated based on a staining method with Alizarin-Red. The gastric teeth and cardio-pyloric valve were dissected and examined using optical and scanning electron microscopy. In the adults, the morphology of ossicles and gastric teeth of D. sayi is very similar to the r ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.asd.2014.09.005

4. Lehr's fields of campaniform sensilla in beetles (Coleoptera): Functional morphology. II. Wing reduction and the sensory field

Author:
Frantsevich, Leonid; Gorb, Stanislav; Radchenko, Vladimir; Gladun, Dmytro; Polilov, Alexey; Cherney, Lyubov; Browdy, Vassily; Kovalev, Maxim
Source:
Arthropod structure & development 2015 v.44 no.1 pp. 1-9
ISSN:
1467-8039
Subject:
Coleoptera; body size; elytra; flight; insects; sensilla
Abstract:
... Loss of the flight ability and wing reduction has been reported for many taxa of Coleoptera. If elytra are closed, their roots are clenched between the tergum and the pleuron, forces applied to the elytra can not be transmitted to the field of campaniform sensilla situated on the root. That is why it is plausible to assume that the field becomes redundant in non-flying beetles. We examined the rel ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.asd.2014.10.003

5. Ontogeny and reproductive biology of Diadegma semiclausum (Hym.: Ichneumonidae), a larval endoparasitoid of Diamondback Moth, Plutella xylostella (Lep.: Plutellidae)

Author:
Pourian, Hamid-Reza; Talaei-Hassanloui, Reza; Ashouri, Ahmad; Lotfalizadeh, Hossein-Ali; Nozari, Jamasb
Source:
Arthropod structure & development 2015 v.44 no.1 pp. 69-76
ISSN:
1467-8039
Subject:
Diadegma semiclausum; Plutella xylostella; adults; eggs; endoparasitoids; fecundity; females; immatures; larvae; longevity; males; ontogeny; oocytes; oviposition; parasitism; photoperiod; pupae; resorption
Abstract:
... In this article, the ontogeny and reproductive biology of Diadegma semiclausum (Hym.: Ichneumonidae), an important parasitoid of Plutella xylostella (Lep.: Plutellidae) are described in detail. We did dissect parasitized P. xylostella larvae in phosphate-buffered saline and determine the external morphology of its parasitoid at all developmental stages. The developmental duration of its immature s ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.asd.2014.11.002

6. The embryonic development of Stylops ovinae (Strepsiptera, Stylopidae) with emphasis on external morphology

Author:
Fraulob, Maximilian; Beutel, Rolf Georg; Machida, Ryuichiro; Pohl, Hans
Source:
Arthropod structure & development 2015 v.44 no.1 pp. 42-68
ISSN:
1467-8039
Subject:
Stylops; abdomen; antennae; appendages; egg membranes; eggs; embryogenesis; head; instars; larvae; legs; lifestyle; setae (animal)
Abstract:
... External features of the embryonic development of Stylops ovinae (Strepsiptera) were examined. Eighteen distinct embryological stages are suggested. Many embryological traits are closely correlated to the parasitic life style of the first instar larvae or to vivipary. The high number of eggs, their small size, the characteristic egg membrane, and the lack of micropyles are derived groundplan featu ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.asd.2014.10.001

7. Ultrastructure of mediodorsal setae in biting midge larvae of the genus Atrichopogon Kieffer with notes on their biological significance (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)

Author:
Urbanek, Aleksandra; Szadziewski, Ryszard; Giłka, Wojciech
Source:
Arthropod structure & development 2015 v.44 no.1 pp. 10-20
ISSN:
1467-8039
Subject:
Atrichopogon; Forcipomyia; gills; insect larvae; mechanoreceptors; sclerotization; transmission electron microscopy; ultrastructure
Abstract:
... The ultrastructure of the strong mediodorsal setae in terrestrial stage IV larvae of Atrichopogon (Meloehelea) oedemerarum and A. (M.) meloesugans was examined using light, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Serrated setae placed on prominent processes are distributed in pairs on all thoracic and abdominal segments. Setae are innervated by a single dendrite and their surface has no por ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.asd.2014.10.004

8. Changes in the midgut diverticula in the harvestmen Amilenus aurantiacus (Phalangiidae, Opiliones) during winter diapause

Author:
Lipovšek, Saška; Novak, Tone; Janžekovič, Franc; Leitinger, Gerd
Source:
Arthropod structure & development 2015 v.44 no.2 pp. 131-141
ISSN:
1467-8039
Subject:
Phalangiidae; adipocytes; cytoplasm; diapause; epithelium; females; glycogen; granules; habitats; light microscopy; lipids; midgut; nutrients; overwintering; starvation; transmission electron microscopy
Abstract:
... The harvestmen Amilenus aurantiacus overwinter in diapause in hypogean habitats. The midgut diverticula have been studied microscopically (light microscopy, TEM) and biochemically (energy-storing compounds: lipids and glycogen) to analyze changes during this programmed starvation period. Throughout the investigated period, the epithelium of the midgut diverticula is composed of secretory cells, di ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.asd.2014.12.002

9. Conserved patterns of axogenesis in the panarthropod brain

Author:
Boyan, George; Williams, Leslie; Liu, Yu
Source:
Arthropod structure & development 2015 v.44 no.2 pp. 101-112
ISSN:
1467-8039
Subject:
adults; arthropods; axons; brain; grasshoppers; lifestyle; neurogenesis; phylogeny; topography
Abstract:
... Neuropils in the cerebral midline of Panarthropoda exhibit a wide spectrum of neuroarchitectures – from rudimentary to highly elaborated – and which at first sight defy a unifying neuroarchitectural principle. Developmental approaches have shown that in model arthropods such as insects, conserved cellular and molecular mechanisms first establish a simple axon scaffold in the brain. However, to be ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.asd.2014.11.003

10. Embryonic development of a collembolan, Tomocerus cuspidatus Börner, 1909: With special reference to the development and developmental potential of serosa (Hexapoda: Collembola, Tomoceridae)

Author:
Tomizuka, Shigekazu; Machida, Ryuichiro
Source:
Arthropod structure & development 2015 v.44 no.2 pp. 157-172
ISSN:
1467-8039
Subject:
Cercophora; Diplura; Protura; Tomoceridae; Tomocerus; blastoderm; eggs; embryogenesis; integument; mitosis; phylogeny; serosa
Abstract:
... The embryogenesis of a collembolan, Tomocerus cuspidatus, was examined and described, with special reference to the development of serosa and its developmental potential. As a result of cleavage, which starts with holoblastic cleavage and changes to the superficial type, the blastoderm forms. At the center of the dorsal side of the egg, the primary dorsal organ develops. The mesoderm is segregated ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.asd.2014.12.004

11. Giant stick insects reveal unique ontogenetic changes in biological attachment devices

Author:
Gottardo, Marco; Vallotto, Davide; Beutel, Rolf G.
Source:
Arthropod structure & development 2015 v.44 no.2 pp. 195-199
ISSN:
1467-8039
Subject:
Timema; adults; insects; instars; lifestyle; nymphs; ontogeny; phylogeny
Abstract:
... A strong modification of tarsal and pretarsal attachment pads during the postembryonic development is described for the first time. In the exceptionally large thorny devil stick insect Eurycantha calcarata a functional arolium is only present in the immature instars, enabling them to climb on smooth surfaces, especially leaves. Nymphs are also characterized by greyish and hairy euplantulae on tars ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.asd.2015.01.001

12. Lehr's fields of campaniform sensilla in beetles (Coleoptera): Functional morphology. III. Modification of elytral mobility or shape in flying beetles

Author:
Frantsevich, Leonid; Gorb, Stanislav; Radchenko, Vladimir; Gladun, Dmytro
Source:
Arthropod structure & development 2015 v.44 no.2 pp. 113-120
ISSN:
1467-8039
Subject:
Meloidae; Scarabaeus; Staphylinidae; abdomen; body size; elytra; flight; functional properties; sensilla
Abstract:
... Some flying beetles have peculiar functional properties of their elytra, if compared with the vast majority of beetles. A “typical” beetle covers its pterothorax and the abdomen from above with closed elytra and links closed elytra together along the sutural edges. In the open state during flight, the sutural edges diverge much more than by 90°. Several beetles of unrelated taxa spread wings throu ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.asd.2014.11.004

13. Morphology of the mouthparts of the spittlebug Philagra albinotata Uhler (Hemiptera: Cercopoidea: Aphrophoridae)

Author:
Wang, Tingting; Pan, Liuxing; Zhang, Yalin; Dai, Wu
Source:
Arthropod structure & development 2015 v.44 no.2 pp. 121-130
ISSN:
1467-8039
Subject:
Aphrophoridae; Cercopidae; feeding behavior; insects; scanning electron microscopy; sensilla; stylets; teeth
Abstract:
... Mouthparts associated with feeding behavior and feeding habits are important sensory and feeding structures in insects. To obtain a better understanding of feeding in Cercopoidea, the morphology of mouthparts of the spittlebug, Philagra albinotata Uhler was examined using scanning electron microscopy. The mouthparts of P. albinotata are of the typical piercing–sucking type found in Hemiptera, comp ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.asd.2014.12.001

14. Subforaminal bridges in Hymenoptera (Insecta), with a focus on Chalcidoidea

Author:
Burks, R.A.; Heraty, J.M.
Source:
Arthropod structure & development 2015 v.44 no.2 pp. 173-194
ISSN:
1467-8039
Subject:
Hymenoptera; adults; evolution; head
Abstract:
... Variation in structures of the posterior surface of the head in Hymenoptera is compared and interpreted according to theories of head capsule evolution, with focus on understanding previously baffling conditions in the superfamily Chalcidoidea. Features are investigated separately without first classifying subforaminal bridges into subcategories. In Proctotrupomorpha (including Chalcidoidea), Cera ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.asd.2014.12.003

15. The sperm of Matsucoccus feytaudi (Insecta, Coccoidea): Can the microtubular bundle be considered as a true flagellum?

Author:
Paoli, Francesco; Roversi, Pio Federico; Benassai, Daniele; Squarcini, Michele; Mercati, David; Dallai, Romano
Source:
Arthropod structure & development 2015 v.44 no.2 pp. 142-156
ISSN:
1467-8039
Subject:
Matsucoccus feytaudi; Pinus pinaster; acrosome; centrioles; flagellum; meiosis; microtubules; mitochondria; parthenogenesis; pests; sperm motility; spermatids; spermiogenesis; Eastern European region
Abstract:
... In the present work the spermiogenesis and sperm structure of Matsucoccus feytaudi, a primary pest of the maritime pine in southern eastern Europe, is studied. In addition to the already known characteristics of coccid sperm, such as the absence of the acrosome and mitochondria, and the presence of a bundle of microtubules responsible for sperm motility, a peculiar structure from which the microtu ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.asd.2014.11.005

16. A microtubule organizing centre (MTOC) is responsible for the production of the sperm flagellum in Matsucoccus feytaudi (Hemiptera: Coccoidea)

Author:
Paoli, Francesco; Roversi, Pio Federico; Gottardo, Marco; Callaini, Giuliano; Mercati, David; Dallai, Romano
Source:
Arthropod structure & development 2015 v.44 no.3 pp. 237-242
ISSN:
1467-8039
Subject:
Drosophila melanogaster; Matsucoccus feytaudi; antibodies; centrioles; flagellum; fluorescence; microtubules; sperm motility; spermatids; spermatozoa; spermiogenesis; tubulin
Abstract:
... A microtubule organizing centre (MTOC) has been described in the spermatid of the hemipteran Matsucoccus feytaudi (Coccoidea). This structure, revealed as a fluorescent ring by treatment with γ-tubulin antibody, gives rise to a bundle of microtubules which surrounds the elongated cylindrical nucleus. This microtubule bundle has been considered an atypical sperm flagellum provided with sperm motili ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.asd.2015.03.002

17. Immune challenges trigger cellular and humoral responses in adults of Pterostichus melas italicus (Coleoptera, Carabidae)

Author:
Giglio, Anita; Brandmayr, Pietro; Pasqua, Teresa; Angelone, Tommaso; Battistella, Silvia; Giulianini, Piero G.
Source:
Arthropod structure & development 2015 v.44 no.3 pp. 209-217
ISSN:
1467-8039
Subject:
Pterostichus; adults; agroecosystems; apoptosis; cytotoxicity; granulocytes; hemocytes; humoral immunity; inducible nitric oxide synthase; latex; lipopolysaccharides; monophenol monooxygenase; nitric oxide; nontarget organisms; pathogens; phagocytosis; protein synthesis
Abstract:
... The present study focuses on the ability of Pterostichus melas italicus Dejean to mount cellular and humoral immune responses against invading pathogens. Ultrastructural analyses revealed the presence of five morphologically distinct types of hemocytes: prohemocytes, plasmatocytes, granulocytes, oenocytoids and macrophage-like cells. Differential hemocyte counts showed that plasmatocytes and granu ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.asd.2015.01.002

18. Larval development of the pedunculate barnacles Octolasmis angulata Aurivillius 1894 and Octolasmis cor Aurivillius 1892 (Cirripedia: Thoracica: Poecilasmatidae) from the gills of the mud crab, Scylla tranquebarica Fabricius, 1798

Author:
Yap, F.C.; Wong, W.L.; Maule, A.G.; Brennan, G.P.; Lim, L.H.S.
Source:
Arthropod structure & development 2015 v.44 no.3 pp. 253-279
ISSN:
1467-8039
Subject:
Cirripedia; Scylla tranquebarica; antennae; appendages; body size; crabs; ecology; gills; larval development; lifestyle; metamorphosis; nauplii
Abstract:
... Detailed studies of larval development of Octolasmis angulata and Octolasmis cor are pivotal in understanding the larval morphological evolution as well as enhancing the functional ecology. Six planktotrophic naupliar stages and one non-feeding cyprid stage are documented in details for the first time for the two species of Octolasmis. Morphologically, the larvae of O. angulata and O. cor are simi ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.asd.2015.02.001

19. Mechanoreceptor distribution in stag beetle jaws corresponds to the material stress in fights

Author:
Goyens, J.; Dirckx, J.; Aerts, P.
Source:
Arthropod structure & development 2015 v.44 no.3 pp. 201-208
ISSN:
1467-8039
Subject:
Lucanidae; dendrites; exoskeleton; image analysis; jaws; males; mechanoreceptors; muscles; scanning electron microscopy
Abstract:
... Male stag beetles (Lucanidae) use their extremely elongated jaws to pinch their rivals forcefully in male–male battles. The morphology of these jaws has to be a compromise between robustness (to withstand the bite forces), length and weight. Cyclommatus metallifer stag beetles circumvent this trade-off by reducing their bite force when biting with their slender jaw tips. Here we describe the funct ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.asd.2015.03.003

20. Spermatodesm reorganization in the spermatophore and in the spermatheca of the bushcricket Tylopsis liliifolia (Fabricius) (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae)

Author:
Viscuso, Renata; Vitale, Danilo G.M.
Source:
Arthropod structure & development 2015 v.44 no.3 pp. 243-252
ISSN:
1467-8039
Subject:
Tettigoniidae; epithelial cells; epithelium; females; secretion; spermatheca; spermatophores; spermatozoa
Abstract:
... Spermatozoa of Tettigoniidae are usually transferred to the female by means of a spermatophore which is also the site of feather-shaped spermatodesm formation. These spermatodesms are then transferred to a spermatheca, composed of a spermathecal duct and of a seminal receptacle, involved in storing spermatozoa. In order to extend the knowledge about sperm transfer and spermatodesms reorganization ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.asd.2015.03.004