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Solenopsis geminata; Solenopsis invicta; Solenopsis richteri; bites and stings; fire ants; genetic techniques and protocols; Guadeloupe; South America
Abstract:
... Several species of fire ants, well known for their painful stings, have spread from their native ranges and have become invasive pests, notably Solenopsis geminata, Solenopsis invicta, and Solenopsis richteri. Here, I report the first known exotic spread of another fire ant, Solenopsis nr. saevissima, a South American species now established on the French West Indian island of Guadeloupe. In 2008, ...
Y chromosome; biological control; carp; equations; extinction; females; genes; invasive species; males; models; sex ratio; unspecific monooxygenase
Abstract:
... Two autocidal genetic biocontrol methods have been proposed as a means to eliminate invasive fish by changing the sex ratio of the population: the Trojan Y Chromosome (TYC) strategy and the Daughterless Carp (DC) strategy. Both strategies were modeled using ordinary differential equations that allow the kinetics of female decline to be assessed under identical modeling conditions. When compared di ...
... Introduced mammals can cause extinction of native species due to replacement competition, disease, predation or hybridization. We studied the colonization of Piedmont (NW-Italy) by American grey squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis) and its effect on the native red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris). Presence/absence data (2 × 2 km2), of both species were (re)constructed using questionnaires, literature, exist ...
Acacia dealbata; biodiversity; biogeography; conservation areas; data collection; models; prediction; Portugal
Abstract:
... To successfully protect native biodiversity from the effects of biological invasions, local conservation priorities must be established. For this purpose, fine-grained species distribution data is required but often unavailable. We present a new approach to obtain fine-grained predictions of invasion through the development of downscaled invasion maps based on coarse-grained distribution data. The ...
... Aquarium releases threaten the ecological integrity of aquatic systems by introducing non-native species. Following aquarium-release invasions by Caulerpa taxifolia, other genera of marine macroalgae were promoted by aquarists as alternatives for aquarium hobbyist use. The most popular, Chaetomorpha, was named a preferable alternative to invasive Caulerpa with desirable characteristics including r ...
John R. U. Wilson; Paul Caplat; Ian A. Dickie; Cang Hui; Bruce D. Maxwell; Martin A. Nuñez; Aníbal Pauchard; Marcel Rejmánek; David M. Richardson; Mark P. Robertson; Dian Spear; Bruce L. Webber; Brian W. van Wilgen; Rafael D. Zenni
canopy; managers; risk analysis; scientists; trees
Abstract:
... Scientists, managers, and policy-makers need functional and effective metrics to improve our understanding and management of biological invasions. Such metrics would help to assess progress towards management goals, increase compatibility across administrative borders, and facilitate comparisons between invasions. Here we outline key characteristics of tree invasions (status, abundance, spatial ex ...
... Plant-soil feedback responses for native and invasive plant species are well documented, but little is known about how feedback effects from the soil biota community affect plant interactions with herbivores. Here we examine whether changes of the soil biota community by the successful invader Solidago canadensis influence growth and herbivore susceptibility of two coexisting native plant species ...
... To prioritize management, conservation and restoration from seaweed invasions, it is important for policy-makers to elucidate the ecological mechanisms during the three phases of invasion: introduction, establishment, and diffusion. In this review, we synthesize the current knowledge of the invasion mechanisms and ecological impacts of Gracilaria vermiculophylla, a red agarophyte native to Asia No ...
... Although the genetic aspects of biological invasions are receiving more attention in the scientific literature, analyses of phenotypic plasticity and genotype-by-environment interactions are still seldom considered in tree invasion biology. Previous studies have shown that invasions of tree species can be affected by intraspecific phenotypic plasticity, pre-adaptation, and post-introduction evolut ...
Jaimie T. A. Dick; Mhairi E. Alexander; Jonathan M. Jeschke; Anthony Ricciardi; Hugh J. MacIsaac; Tamara B. Robinson; Sabrina Kumschick; Olaf L. F. Weyl; Alison M. Dunn; Melanie J. Hatcher; Rachel A. Paterson; Keith D. Farnsworth; David M. Richardson
... Invasion ecology urgently requires predictive methodologies that can forecast the ecological impacts of existing, emerging and potential invasive species. We argue that many ecologically damaging invaders are characterised by their more efficient use of resources. Consequently, comparison of the classical ‘functional response’ (relationship between resource use and availability) between invasive a ...
anthropogenic activities; biogeography; climatic factors; habitats; humans; introduced plants; invasive species; managers; politics; species diversity; Alps region
Abstract:
... The paper provides the first estimate of the role of abiotic and anthropogenic variables driving both alien plant species richness and composition covering the whole region of the European Alps. To establish and spread in a new area, alien plants must be able to tolerate the prevailing climatic conditions. We therefore tested the hypothesis that climatic requirements modified by bioclimatic origin ...
... The ability of some invasive plant species to produce biochemical compounds toxic to native species, called allelopathy, is thought to be one of the reasons for their success when introduced to a novel range, an idea known as the Novel Weapons Hypothesis. However, support for this hypothesis mainly comes from bioassays and experiments conducted under controlled environments, whereas field evidence ...
parasitoids; Halyomorpha halys; oviposition; introduced species; Podisus maculiventris; predators; Telenomus; population growth; invasive species; eggs; North America
Abstract:
... Invasive alien species can act as ‘evolutionary traps’ for indigenous parasites and predators when the alien species is accepted as prey or a host but is unsuitable for consumption or development. We tested the relationship between acceptance and suitability of eggs of the invasive alien Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in North America relative to eggs of the indigenous Podisus maculiv ...
... Despite widespread work documenting invasion, it remains a challenge to determine invasion mechanisms and incorporate them into invasive species management. Competition theory presents a strong model for evaluating the role of resource reduction and requirements in invasion. Additionally, alternative models suggest fluctuations in resources, niche differences, or non-resource priority effects are ...
... Invasive plant species can interact with native soil microbes in ways that change how they use nutrients and allocate biomass. To examine whether Microstegium vimineum form symbiotic associations with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and whether AMF mediate nutrient acquisition and growth of the plant, we conducted a field survey in Raleigh, NC and Hangzhou, China and two experiments in growth c ...
biodiversity; federal government; introduced species; invasive species; issues and policy; laws and regulations; terminology; Ontario
Abstract:
... As a signatory to the international Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), Canada has committed to prevent, control, and eradicate invasive alien species (IAS). Yet, despite developing policy on biodiversity and IAS, the federal government has been criticized for its inaction on biological invasions over the past decade. In Canada’s most populous province, Ontario, similar concerns have been ra ...
... The role of phenotypic plasticity in plant invasions is among the most often discussed relationships in invasion ecology. However, despite the large number of studies on this topic, there is little consistency. Reconsideration of the role of plasticity by distinguishing two substantially distinct trait-groups, performance traits (contributing directly to fitness) and functional traits (influencing ...
... The introduction of non-native species occurs within a context of other anthropogenic impacts: thus a holistic approach is needed to understand interactive effects. Installation of shoreline protection structures is increasing in response to rising sea levels and increasing frequency of intense storms. Shoreline hardening structures can facilitate establishment of non-native species with multiple ...
... Emerald ash borer (EAB; Agrilus planipennis) has killed millions of ash trees and threatens ash throughout North America, and long-term persistence of ash will depend on the potential for regeneration. We quantified ash demography, including mortality and regeneration, of Fraxinus americana (white ash), Fraxinus pennsylvanica (green ash), and Fraxinus nigra (black ash) in mixed hardwood forests ne ...
Agrilus planipennis; Fraxinus excelsior; Fraxinus pennsylvanica; pests; plantations; surveys; trees; North America; Russia
Abstract:
... The emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera, Buprestidae), is a pest of ash native to Asia. This major stem borer has killed millions of ash trees in North America. It was first found in Europe in 2003 in the city of Moscow. Now it is rapidly spreading in European Russia. In 2012 A. planipennis was found in the Tula, Kaluga, and Smolensk regions. A survey of green plantations in 22 loca ...
... The dynamic in Argentine ant colonies varies seasonally, influenced by biotic and abiotic factors. In winter the spatial range of the colony is contracted in large formations (winter nests) containing a large number of queens and workers. Winter nests are the clue to the species' dispersion power and the invasion of new habitats. For this reason a yearly elimination of queens and workers in winter ...
Linyphiidae; body size; burning; ecosystems; fauna; fires; grasslands; indigenous species; introduced species; models; species diversity; spring; summer; New Zealand
Abstract:
... As post-disturbance community response depends on the characteristics of the ecosystem and the species composition, so does the invasion of exotic species rely on their suitability to the new environment. Here, we test two hypotheses: exotic spider species dominate the community after burning; and two traits are prevalent for their colonisation ability: ballooning and body size, the latter being c ...
Curculionidae; Solenopsis invicta; Spathoglottis; early development; field experimentation; forage; fruit set; fruits; habitat destruction; herbivores; introduced species; invasive species; larvae; mycorrhizal fungi; nectaries; oviposition; perianth; seed germination; Puerto Rico
Abstract:
... Invasiveness of non-native species often depends on acquired interactions with either native or naturalized species. A natural colonizer, the autogamous, invasive orchid Spathoglottis plicata has acquired at least three interspecific interactions in Puerto Rico: a mycorrhizal fungus essential for seed germination and early development; a native, orchid-specialist weevil, Stethobaris polita, which ...
Cactoblastis cactorum; Opuntia; biogeography; biological control agents; cacti and succulents; correlation; genetic variation; host plants; larvae; oviposition; phytophagous insects; risk; Argentina; North America; South Africa
Abstract:
... A central aspect in biology and ecology is to determine the combination of factors that influence the distribution of species. In the case of herbivorous insects, the distribution of herbivorous species is necessarily associated with their host plants, a pattern often referred to as “host use”. Novel interactions that arise during a biological invasion can have important effects on the dynamics of ...
... Hypotheses for explaining plant invasions have focused on a variety of factors that may influence invasion success, including propagule pressure, interactions of the introduced species with the biotic, abiotic, or disturbance properties of the new ecosystem, or the genetic characteristics of the invader itself. Evaluating the relative importance of these factors has been difficult because for most ...
... Important insights on the invasion ecology of woody plants are emerging from the study of model groups, but it is important to test how widely such results can be generalised. We examined whether drivers of introduction and invasion in the genus Casuarina are similar to those identified for other groups. We reviewed the literature, mapped current global distributions, and modelled the potential gl ...
invasive species; plantation forestry; trees; South Africa
Abstract:
... Over 430 alien tree species worldwide are known to be invasive, and the list is growing as more tree species are moved around the world and become established in novel environments. Alien trees can simultaneously bring many benefits and cause substantial environmental harm, very often leading to conflicts over how they should be managed. The impacts grow over time as invasions spread, and societal ...
Sessilia; analysis of variance; cytochrome-c oxidase; gene banks; gene flow; genes; genetic variation; haplotypes; phylogeny; variance; Brazil
Abstract:
... The goal of this study was to investigate the phylogeny, invasion history and genetic structure of the global invader Megabalanus coccopoma. First, we created a Bayesian phylogeny using cytochrome oxidase I and 16S mitochondrial genes of samples we collected and sequences available on GenBank for all species in the genus Megabalanus. Second, we compared the genetic differences within and between n ...
... Climbing capacity of invasive climbers is an important parameter to evaluate in the species invasive potential and processes in forests. However, this feature has not attracted the attention of invasion biologists. In the present study, we assessed the climbing traits and capacity of Mikania micrantha; a herbaceous invasive stem-twiner by supplying artificial vertical supports of different sizes r ...
Vespula pensylvanica; genetic markers; genetic variation; habitats; insect colonies; nests; phenotype; social insects; social structure; stems
Abstract:
... Social insects rank among the most invasive of terrestrial species. The success of invasive social insects stems, in part, from the flexibility derived from their social behaviors. We used genetic markers to investigate if the social system of the invasive wasp, Vespula pensylvanica, differed in its introduced and native habitats in order to better understand variation in social phenotype in invas ...
Y chromosome; biological control; carp; equations; extinction; females; genes; invasive species; males; mathematical models; sex ratio; unspecific monooxygenase
Abstract:
... The Trojan Y chromosome (TYC) strategy and the daughterless carp (DC) strategy represent two autocidal genetic biocontrol methods for eliminating invasive fish by changing the sex ratio of the population. Each strategy is designed to reduce the number of females in a target population, ultimately leading to local extinction of the population. In the DC approach, the proportion of males in the popu ...
... A top priority in the field of invasion ecology is to investigate the mechanisms that lead to the successful establishment and spread of harmful exotic species. Studying plant invasions in the context of the invaded community can help us to understand those mechanisms. In this study, we follow a community approach where we describe establishment and growth patterns of an exotic shrub, Elaeagnus um ...
... Whether invasion of introduced plant species may be aided by certain community properties is poorly understood for species-rich ecosystems, such as tropical montane forests. In Kenya, the non-native tree Fraxinus pennsylvanica has invaded degraded montane forests. We used generalized linear mixed models to examine the relative importance of different community properties to Fraxinus invasion after ...
Pyrus calleryana; cultivars; ecophysiology; genotype; hybridization; hybrids; photosynthesis; progeny; rootstocks; saplings; stomatal conductance; water use efficiency; Asia; United States
Abstract:
... In most plant invasions, morphological and ecological characteristics are often examined to understand which might facilitate invasive spread, but ecophysiology may also be important to consider. This was examined in Callery pear (Pyrus calleryana Decne.), a popular ornamental tree from Asia that is sold throughout the United States and which has spread following hybridization among cultivar and r ...
Linyphiidae; field experimentation; forests; habitats; indigenous species; webs; Maine
Abstract:
... The European sheet-web spider Linyphia triangularis (Araneae: Linyphiidae) has become established in Maine, where it often reaches very high densities. Two lines of evidence from previous work suggest that L. triangularis affects populations of the native linyphiid spider Frontinella communis. First, F. communis individuals are relatively scarce in both forest and coastal habitat where L. triangul ...
... Competitive ability, the ability to generate legacy effects, and the potential to benefit from priority, individually or interactively, are traits that may increase the invasive potential of plants. In this project we examine these three traits in three invasive species (Agropyron cristatum, Bromus tectorum, and Taeniatherum caput-medusae). Specifically in this study, we examine competitive effect ...
... Plant invasiveness was commonly attributed to the invader’s competitive superiority over the native community, but a general pattern supporting this prediction is still lacking. This is particularly enhanced by the fact that competitive dominance and its role in plant invasiveness require the use of scarcely-practiced experimental elements. Here, we used a comprehensive experimental approach to ev ...
Ian A. Dickie; Brett M. Bennett; Larry E. Burrows; Martin A. Nuñez; Duane A. Peltzer; Annabel Porté; David M. Richardson; Marcel Rejmánek; Philip W. Rundel; Brian W. van Wilgen
... Tree species have been planted widely beyond their native ranges to provide or enhance ecosystem services such as timber and fibre production, erosion control, and aesthetic or amenity benefits. At the same time, non-native tree species can have strongly negative impacts on ecosystem services when they naturalize and subsequently become invasive and disrupt or transform communities and ecosystems. ...
... Pacific oysters, Crassostrea gigas, have been introduced throughout much of the world, become invasive in many locations and can alter native assemblage structure, biodiversity and the distribution and abundance of other species. It is not known, however, to what extent their effects on biodiversity change as their cover increases, and how these effects may differ depending on the environmental co ...
... Prescribed fire is increasingly used to inhibit woody encroachment into fire-dependent ecosystems, yet its effects on other processes influencing invasion are poorly understood. We investigated how fire influences exotic woody invasion through its effects on granivore activity, and whether these effects depend on the habitat in which seed predation takes place. We quantified seed removal for four ...
Polygonum; colonizing ability; genetic variation; genotype; habitats; invasive species; life history
Abstract:
... The amount of quantitative genetic variation within an invasive species influences its ability to adapt to conditions in the new range and its long-term persistence. Consequently, this aspect of genetic diversity (or evolutionary potential) can be a key factor in the success of species invasions. Previous studies have compared the evolutionary potential of populations in introduced versus native r ...
Gekkonidae; Scincidae; correlated responses; correlation; data collection; indicator species; indigenous species; islands; lizards; monitoring; predation; rabbits; rats; trapping; New Zealand
Abstract:
... Many conservation decisions rely on the assumption that multiple populations will respond similarly to management. However, few attempts have been made to evaluate indicators of population trends (i.e. population indicator species). Eradication of introduced mammals from offshore islands is a commonly used management technique for conservation of native taxa in New Zealand. Pacific rats and rabbit ...
adults; carp; environmental factors; introduced species; risk; rivers; sexual maturity; watersheds; Great Lakes; Illinois; Mississippi; Missouri
Abstract:
... Bighead (Hypothalmichthys nobilis) and Silver carp (Hypothalmichthys molitrix) have established populations in the Mississippi, Illinois, Missouri and Maumee rivers, and because of the hydrological connections, there is now a risk that these species may establish in the Great Lake basins. It has been suggested this risk is minimal because of the small number of fish that breach containment measure ...
environmental factors; habitats; invasive species; landscapes; life history; managers; plantation forestry; plantations; researchers; seed dispersal; simulation models; trees
Abstract:
... Biological invasion by non-native tree species can transform landscapes, and as a consequence, has received growing attention from researchers and managers alike. This problem is driven primarily by the naturalisation and invasion of tree species escaping from cultivation or forestry plantations. Furthermore, these invasions can be strongly influenced by the land-use matrix of the surrounding regi ...
Brassica tournefortii; arthropod communities; arthropods; biomass; community structure; deserts; detritivores; habitats; indigenous species; predators; sand; species diversity; California
Abstract:
... Sahara Mustard (Brassica tournefortii; hereafter mustard), an exotic plant species, has invaded habitats throughout the arid southwestern United States. Mustard has reached high densities across aeolian sand habitats of southwestern deserts, including five distinct sand habitats in the eastern Coachella Valley, California. We examined trends in ground-dwelling arthropod community structure concurr ...
arthropods; biosecurity; case studies; databases; international trade; probability
Abstract:
... Despite substantial increases in public awareness and biosecurity systems, introductions of non-native arthropods remain an unwelcomed consequence of escalating rates of international trade and travel. Detection of an established but unwanted non-native organism can elicit a range of responses, including implementation of an eradication program. Previous studies have reviewed the concept of eradic ...
... How communities of natural enemies, such as parasitoids, adapt to the range expansion of their hosts or the arrival of a novel invasive host is an important question in invasion biology. Do parasitoids track the expansion of their hosts from their shared native range? Do they locally adapt both behaviorally and physiologically to the arrival of a novel species by shifting hosts? Few studies have a ...
... Exotic species can provide abundant food resources for native consumers, but predicting which native species will respond positively remains a challenge. We studied the foraging behavior of black-capped (Poecile atricapillus) and mountain (P. gambeli) chickadees in western Montana to compare the degree to which these congeric and syntopic consumers exploited larvae of Urophora, an exotic biologica ...
Linaria dalmatica; Mecinus; Scrophulariaceae; biological control agents; flowers; fruit growing; herbivores; introduced plants; larvae; pollen; pollination; seed set
Abstract:
... Herbivory and pollination are important determinants of female reproductive success in flowering plants. Plants must interact with herbivores and flower visitors simultaneously and interaction with one may alter the outcome of the interaction with the other. These indirect effects can have dramatic impacts on plant fitness. The purpose of this study was to examine whether the stem-boring weevil Me ...
... The delimitation of dispersal routes used by individuals moving between populations has the potential to direct management efforts aimed at limiting the spread of invasive species. Red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) have successfully invaded aquatic ecosystems across much of the globe, causing loss of biodiversity and habitat destruction. Our research focuses on a Mojave Desert spring system ...
... When present in sympatry, invasive species have the potential to amplify or mitigate their ecological impacts through their trophic interactions. Their trophic niches may overlap, limiting impacts to specific trophic levels or functional groups; alternatively, they may diverge, with this niche differentiation resulting in contrasting impacts between species on the ecosystem. Here, we tested the tr ...
... Alliaria petiolata is a European biennial herb that invades North American forests and has direct negative effects on associated flora and fauna. In some places, A. petiolata has invaded the habitat of Pieris virginiensis, a rare, univoltine butterfly that normally uses native spring ephemeral crucifer hosts. There are occasional observations of P. virginiensis laying eggs on A. petiolata, but the ...
... Invasion by non-native conifers may pose a threat to local biodiversity, but knowledge about introduced conifer effects on Northern Hemisphere ecosystems is scarce. The coastal heathlands of north-west Europe are threatened by invasion of native and introduced tree species. We assess how spread of the introduced conifer Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.) into European coastal heathlands ...
... The introduced North-American signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus) has become widespread throughout Europe where it has often replaced the native noble crayfish (Astacus astacus). The impact of this replacement on ecosystem processes in boreal lakes is still largely unknown. We compared the trophic niches of these two crayfish species in 16 small to medium sized boreal lakes in southern Finl ...
Cancer irroratus; Copepoda; Gammarus; ballast water; euryhaline species; freshwater; introduced species; risk; ships; Great Lakes; Saint Lawrence River
Abstract:
... Ballast water moved by transoceanic vessels has been recognized globally as a predominant vector for the introduction of aquatic nonindigenous species (NIS). In contrast, domestic ships operating within confined geographic areas have been viewed as low risk for invasions, and are exempt from regulation in consequence. We examined if the St. Lawrence River could serve as a source of NIS for the Lau ...
Balanus; monitoring; surveys; extinction; coasts; larvae; prediction; Japan
Abstract:
... To understand the patterns and processes associated with the population dynamics of Balanus glandula during the early phase of invasion along the Pacific coast of eastern Hokkaido, population surveys were conducted from 2002 to 2011 at five shores, each consisting of five paired plots (scraped recruitment plot and unscraped establishment plot), along 49 km of coastline located 144 km east of the e ...
Harmonia axyridis; climate; climate change; extinction; habitat destruction; habitats; indigenous species; introduced species; invasive species; land cover; linear models; model uncertainty; multivoltine habit; pollution; population dynamics; urban areas
Abstract:
... Five main drivers of population declines have been identified: climate change, habitat degradation, invasive alien species (IAS), overexploitation and pollution. Each of these drivers interacts with the others, and also with the intrinsic traits of individual species, to determine species’ distribution and range dynamics. We explored the relative importance of life-history and resource-use traits, ...
Araucaria araucana; Nothofagus; Pinus contorta; biodiversity; ecosystems; fire behavior; fire regime; flammability; forests; fuel loading; fuels (fire ecology); indigenous species; invasive species; surveys; trees; wildfires; Andes region; Argentina; Chile
Abstract:
... The effect of a pine invasion on the fuel characteristics was studied to predict fire behaviour and hypothesize potential changes on fire regime. Subalpine Andean forests, fire-prone environments, in the Malalcahuello Reserve in south-central Chile were invaded by the non-native Pinus contorta affecting the native endangered trees Araucaria araucana and Nothofagus antarctica communities. Several f ...
Leptoglossus occidentalis; climate; geographical distribution; models; pests; prediction; risk; Asia; Europe; North America
Abstract:
... Niche conservatism providing support for using ecological niche modeling in biological invasions has been widely noticed, however, the equilibrium state and geographic background effect on niche model transferability has received scant attention. The western conifer seed bug, Leptoglossus occidentalis, native to western North America, has expanded its range eastward and has become an invasive pest ...
... Invasive insects and fungal pathogens have triggered numerous declines in ecologically important tree species in the forests of eastern North America. Although now functionally extinct in many ecosystems, these tree species have been able to persist through sprouting or the presence of a low density of resistant individuals. In this study, we document widespread mortality of another dominant North ...
... Recent increases in biological invasions frequency may have important consequences on native communities. However, functional redundancy between invasive and native species could reduce non-native species effects on native ecosystems. Despite this, even small differences in functional traits between these species may still have unpredictable effects on colonized ecosystems. Invasive crayfish, as e ...
... Climate change and plant invasion are two of the most important ecological issues facing the world today. Extreme events are likely to play an important role in plant invasion. For example, tolerance to temperature stress is critical for plant germination and survival of seedlings. Nonnative invasive species tend to differ from co-occurring native species in several traits. Increased mean temperat ...
Andropogon gayanus; Cenchrus ciliaris; Digitaria; Heteropogon contortus; biomass production; carbon dioxide; community structure; fire regime; fire severity; grasses; indigenous species; invasive species; savannas; species diversity; woodlands
Abstract:
... Invasive exotic grasses are known to increase fire severity and frequency in a number of fire prone systems. If elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) increases growth rates and biomass production of these grasses, or increases their competitive ability, fire regimes may be further affected with detrimental consequences for native vegetation composition and diversity. Mesocosms containing three ...
... Ciona intestinalis and Codium fragile are among the most successful invasive species in marine systems worldwide, and they are currently in the process of expanding their distributional ranges along the Chilean coast. Herein we evaluated whether their tolerance to a wide range of environmental conditions contributes to the invasion potential of these two species. To examine the environmental toler ...
... Blackburn et al. (Biol Invasions doi: 10.1007/s10530-013-0451-x , 2013) have proposed a series of tests that are purported to evaluate the motivations and decisions of early acclimatization societies that introduced passeriform birds to New Zealand. We show that the data are not consistent with their predictions and, moreover, their predictions are consistent with our alternative hypothesis. Thus, ...
... Biological invasions are a major driver behind disturbances in freshwater community structure. We investigated how the foraging strategy of the Eurasian otter Lutra lutra (L.) has responded to this change in a Mediterranean catchment of the Iberian Peninsula, over a 30-year time span (1980 vs. 2010). We found that, despite continuing to feed on a considerable amount of native fish, this carnivore ...
... Interspecific hybridization is cited as one potential mechanism for increased invasiveness, particularly among some grass species. In the southeastern United States, the successful invasion of cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica) has sometimes been attributed to hybridization with the previously naturalized Imperata brasiliensis. This research aimed to determine whether genetic signals are consistent ...
... Perturbations such as wildfire and exotic plant invasion have significant impacts on soils, and the extent to which invaded soils are resistant or resilient to these disturbances varies by ecosystem type. Replacement of shrublands by herbaceous exotics pre- and post-wildfire may drastically alter soil chemical and biological properties for an unknown duration. We assessed above and belowground res ...
... An invasive alien species, the harlequin ladybird Harmonia axyridis (Pallas, 1773), has quickly expanded its distribution in Eastern Europe. Records of H. axyridis from 31 localities in Lithuania, Latvia, the Ukraine, European Russia, and the Northern Caucasus are summarized and mapped. Within the last few years this species has established in south Latvia, on the Baltic Sea shore (Kaliningrad obl ...
Reynoutria japonica; invasive species; hybrids; amplified fragment length polymorphism; asexual reproduction; genotype; genetic variation; ecological invasion; Reynoutria sachalinensis; population structure; biogeography; British Columbia; South Dakota; California
Abstract:
... Japanese, giant, and the hybrid Bohemian knotweeds (Fallopia japonica, F. sachalinensis and F. x bohemica) have invaded the western USA and Canada, as well as other regions of the world. The distribution of these species in western North America, and their mode of invasion, is relatively unresolved. Using Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms of 865 plants from 132 populations from British Colum ...
... Knowledge on the main spatiotemporal trends in plant invasions of habitats is essential for a better understanding of the process of these invasions. The aim of this study was to determine the level of plant invasion, represented by relative richness and total cover of archaeophytes and neophytes, in 45 EUNIS habitat types along with spatiotemporal changes in invasion level with increasing altitud ...
... The interaction between plant attributes, environmental factors and the history of human intervention determines which species show a more invasive behavior and which areas are more likely to be invaded. Identifying which factors favor the invasion and which constraint it, remains an essential goal for understanding the process of invasion and to provide a stronger scientific basis for designing m ...
Helen E. Roy; Chris D. Preston; Colin A. Harrower; Stephanie L. Rorke; David Noble; Jack Sewell; Kevin Walker; John Marchant; Becky Seeley; John Bishop; Alison Jukes; Andy Musgrove; David Pearman; Olaf Booy
insects; freshwater; parasites; invertebrates; introduced species; data collection; research projects; vertebrates; habitats; databases; experts; Great Britain
Abstract:
... Information on non-native species (NNS) is often scattered among a multitude of sources, such as regional and national databases, peer-reviewed and grey literature, unpublished research projects, institutional datasets and with taxonomic experts. Here we report on the development of a database designed for the collation of information in Britain. The project involved working with volunteer experts ...
biological control; fish; genes; genetic techniques and protocols; insect pests; integrated pest management; invasive species; issues and policy; males; models; sterile insect technique; triploidy; United States
Abstract:
... Genetic options for the control of invasive fishes were recently reviewed and synthesized at a 2010 international symposium, held in Minneapolis/St. Paul, MN, USA. The only option currently available “off-the-shelf” is triploidy, which can be used to produce sterile males for a release program analogous to those widely and successfully used for biological control of insect pests. However, the Troj ...
Falcaria; alleles; chloroplast DNA; evolution; genetic variation; genotype; humans; inbreeding; indigenous species; introduced species; microsatellite repeats; polyploidy; population structure; weeds; Asia; Europe; Midwestern United States
Abstract:
... Sickleweed (Falcaria vulgaris), an introduced species native to Europe and Asia, grows as an aggressive weed in some areas of the upper Midwest in the United States. We are reporting genetic diversity and population structure of sickleweed populations using microsatellite markers and nuclear and chloroplast DNA sequences. Populations showed high genetic differentiation but did not show significant ...
Crassostrea virginica; alleles; clams; coasts; cytochrome-c oxidase; genetic variation; haplotypes; invasive species; mitochondrial DNA; transportation; California; New England region; New Jersey; New York; Virginia
Abstract:
... Reduced genetic diversity due to founder effects often is expected for invasive populations. The present study examined two nuclear gene regions and one mitochondrial gene to evaluate the origins and genetic diversity of Gemma gemma, a ‘stow-away’ that was introduced to California more than 100 years ago with the importation of the Eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica, from the United States’ Atl ...
Cynoglossum officinale; genetic variation; inbreeding depression; introduced plants; microsatellite repeats; noxious weeds; phenotypic variation; population structure; United States
Abstract:
... Phenotypic differentiation can occur between the native and introduced ranges of a species as a result of novel selective pressures, or by neutral processes and historical events. Our aim was to determine how underlying patterns of genetic diversity and potential population origin might have contributed to phenotypic differentiation between the native and introduced ranges of an herbaceous weed. W ...
biodiversity; biological control; biological control agents; fish; governance; invasive species; issues and policy; laws and regulations; researchers; stakeholders
Abstract:
... The modification of living agents for biological control can be collectively regarded as genetic biocontrol (GBC). Applications to invasive fish are an area of significant work in GBC, employing a diversity of techniques. Some of these techniques are governed by particular legislation, policy or treaty, (e.g., transgenesis), while others deliver agents with similar properties with minimal regulati ...
... A new population of the invasive American Eastern grey squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis) has recently settled in central Italy from an accidental release in Perugia, Umbria in the early 2000s. The grey squirrel is known to compete with and exclude native red squirrels (S. vulgaris) in the British Isles and Northern Italy, so it represents a potentially important new conservation threat to the red sq ...
... Dittrichia graveolens is a rapidly spreading invasive plant in California. While populations are observed primarily in disturbed areas, there is concern it may expand into adjacent undisturbed areas, particularly grasslands and riparian corridors. In a field experiment conducted in two successive years, we compared plant growth and phenological development of fall, winter, and spring sown seeds. P ...
... Expansion of agricultural land is one of the most significant human alterations to the global environment because it entails not only native habitat loss but also introduction of exotic species. These alterations affect habitat structure and arthropod dynamics, such as those among host plants, tephritid fruit flies, and their natural enemies. We compared abundance and dynamics of pest and non-pest ...
... The genus Impatiens (Balsaminaceae) includes three widespread species in the Czech Republic, central Europe: the native I. noli-tangere, and two invasive species, I. parviflora and I. glandulifera, differing in the dynamics of invasion. They all occur in similar habitats and share basic life-history characteristics, which make them a suitable model for studying species traits associated with invas ...
Acanthoscelides; Cajanus cajan; Cajanus scarabaeoides; Leucaena leucocephala; chemical composition; eggs; genetic background; hosts; interspecific competition; invasive species; larvae; pigeon peas; plant biochemistry; population genetics; rearing; seeds; trees; Hawaii; South East Asia
Abstract:
... Acanthoscelides macrophthalmus is a seed predator that has become widely distributed along with its native host, Leucaena leucocephala (Mimosoideae), which is a neotropical leguminous tree and one of the most invasive plants worldwide. Previous studies revealed that A. macrophthalmus is able to host-shift to several mimosoid species. Here, we aim to test the host-shift potential to other mimosoid ...
... Managers and policy makers depend on empirical research to guide and support biosecurity measures that mitigate introduced species’ impacts. Research contributing to this knowledge base generally uses null hypothesis significance testing to determine the significance of data patterns. However, reliance on traditional statistical significance testing methods, combined with small effect and sample s ...
Trichosurus vulpecula; ecosystems; gene flow; genetic techniques and protocols; genetic variation; habitats; invasive species; islands; managers; microsatellite repeats; monitoring; population structure; urban areas; New Zealand; Tasmania
Abstract:
... Eradication of invasive species is an important component for species conservation and ecosystem restoration. Success of eradications is dependent on knowledge of population connectivity in order to determine reinvasion pathways, and hence populations requiring simultaneous eradication (eradication units). The common brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) was introduced into New Zealand from Aus ...
... The impact of Dreissena fouling on unionids has hardly been studied in Europe, despite the fact that in some ecosystems (e.g. Lake Balaton, Hungary) infestations of several hundreds to a thousand individuals per unionid have been observed. At present, the zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha is a dominant species in Lake Balaton and in the last decade three other invasive bivalves were introduced, po ...
Ambrosia artemisiifolia; Amorpha fruticosa; Carpobrotus; Phyla canescens; annuals; habitats; introduced plants; invasive species; managers; population dynamics; prediction; risk assessment; shade tolerance; species diversity; vegetation; Central European region; Mediterranean region
Abstract:
... While the effects of an invasive alien plant that has become dominant in a community may seem obvious, there are few studies that attempt to understand how impacts vary according to the characteristics of invaders and recipient communities. For this purpose, the vegetation of invaded and non-invaded plots was sampled for eight different invasive species in a variety of habitats within the French c ...
... Invasive Amur honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii) creates a dense shrub layer in deciduous forests in eastern North America that negatively impacts native herbs and tree seedlings. We predicted that higher vegetative cover caused by this shrub would increase abundance and diversity of insects and alter composition of insect assemblages. We used paired plots, one with and one without honeysuckle, in ten ...
... Bohemian knotweed (Polygonum × bohemicum), the hybrid between Japanese and giant knotweed, is the most common invasive knotweed species in western North America and the most difficult to control. Invasive knotweed congeners spread aggressively along streams and establish dense monotypic stands, reducing riparian plant species diversity. Allochthonous organic matter inputs from riparian plants are ...
... Invasive species can have dramatic and detrimental effects on native species, and the magnitude of these effects can be mediated by a plethora of factors. One way to identify mediating factors is by comparing attributes of natural systems in species with heterogeneity of responses to the invasive species. This method first requires quantifying impacts in different habitats, ecosystems or geographi ...
Myoporum sandwicense; biological control; biosecurity; international trade; invasive species; leaves; natural enemies; ornamental plants; shrubs; species dispersal; tourism; trees; woody weeds; Australia; California; Hawaii; New Zealand
Abstract:
... Transport hubs of international trade and tourism are sites of unprecedented long-distance dispersal of species and novel ecological interactions. In cases of invasive plants released from their specialist natural enemies, novel interactions with both resident enemies and new arrivals can accumulate and potentially reduce weed competitiveness. I present here one dramatic example of this, where an ...
Acacia; invasive species; models; monitoring; plantation forestry; plantations; risk; roads; seeds; surveys; South Africa
Abstract:
... The success of pro-active management of invasive plants depends on the ability to rapidly detect invasive populations and individuals. However, the factors important for detection depend on the spatial scale examined. We propose a protocol for developing risk maps at national, landscape, and local scales to improve detection rates of invasive plant species. We test this approach in the context of ...
... Invasive Amur honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii) has reduced diversity, growth, and reproduction of native herbs in the Midwest USA. These effects may be compounded by browsing from overabundant white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). We used experimental treatments of honeysuckle (present, absent, removed) and deer (present, excluded) to measure their independent and interactive impacts on divers ...
... Investigating the origins of invasive populations provides insight into the evolutionary and anthropogenic factors underlying invasions, and can inform management decisions. Invasive species introduced for horticultural purposes often have complex origins typified by multiple introductions of species, cultivars, and genotypes, and interspecific and intraspecific hybridizations in introduced ranges ...
crabs; Hemigrapsus sanguineus; seasonal variation; Carcinus maenas; population size; Rhode Island; Massachusetts; New England region
Abstract:
... Populations of invading Asian shore crabs (Hemigrapsus sanguineus) and resident crabs (European green crab Carcinus maenas or species in the family Panopeidae) were monitored for up to 12 years along a south to north orientation on the open coast of Massachusetts and within the Narragansett Bay estuary, Rhode Island. At all sites, densities of resident crabs declined as H. sanguineus increased in ...
... Chromolaena odorata is a native of America while a weed in many parts of tropical and subtropical regions in the world. Research into the invasion mechanisms of C. odorata contributes to a broader understanding of factors that facilitate plant adaptation, and also helps developing effective management strategies. In this study, we used three DNA fragments and six microsatellite loci: (1) to compar ...
... The caprellid Caprella scaura, native to the western Indian Ocean, is one striking example of a successful invader. It was first recorded in the Iberian Peninsula in Gerona (north-eastern coast of Spain), in 2005, and has recently been reported throughout the Mediterranean and Atlantic coasts of this region. The most likely vector of introduction and distribution is within the hull-fouling communi ...
Cancer irroratus; Carcinus maenas; Thomisidae; adults; autumn; ballast water; crabs; eggs; females; habitats; larvae; latitude; spring; summer; trade; Iceland; North America
Abstract:
... With the increase in global oceanic trade the establishment of non-indigenous marine organisms has become a major environmental and economic problem worldwide. Recently, the Atlantic rock crab (Cancer irroratus) was reported in Icelandic waters, Eastern North Atlantic. This is the first record of this relatively large crab species outside its natural range, i.e. the east coast of North America. Th ...
Operophtera brumata; defoliation; hybridization; pheromone traps; regression analysis; surveys; United States
Abstract:
... We used five methods to estimate the rate of spread of the winter moth, Operophtera brumata L., a European Lepidoptera, invading the northeastern USA and occasionally hybridizing with the closely related O. bruceata. These two species utilize the same sex attractant and pheromone traps capture both species. We estimated spread based on the ratio of the two species captured in pheromone-baited trap ...