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1. A study on the consecutive preparation of silica powders and active carbon from rice husk ash

Author:
An, Dongmin; Guo, Yupeng; Zou, Bo; Zhu, Yanchao; Wang, Zichen
Source:
Biomass and bioenergy 2011 v.35 no.3 pp. 1227-1234
ISSN:
0961-9534
Subject:
carbon; carbon dioxide; hulls; leaching; mineral content; potassium hydroxide; powders; rice; scanning electron microscopy; silica; surface area
Abstract:
... Rice husk ash (RHA) is an abundant agricultural by-product. The present research work deals with the production of silica powders and active carbon from RHA with a consecutive method. The RHA is firstly treated with acid leaching to remove mineral composition, and then is boiled with base to leach silica. The filtrate is used to synthesize silica powders with CO₂ precipitator and solid residue is ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.biombioe.2010.12.014

2. Biodegradation of cassava starch factory residue using a combination of cellulases, xylanases and hemicellulases

Author:
Divya Nair, M.P.; Padmaja, G.; Moorthy, S.N.
Source:
Biomass and bioenergy 2011 v.35 no.3 pp. 1211-1218
ISSN:
0961-9534
Subject:
autoclaving; biodegradation; cassava starch; cellulases; cellulose; economic feasibility; ethanol production; glucose; hot water treatment; industry; pH; starch; xylanases
Abstract:
... Cassava starch factory residue (CSFR), a low cost solid byproduct of the cassava starch industry, having around 60% unextracted starch and 15% cellulose is a potential candidate for bioethanol production. As the economic feasibility depends on complete degradation of the polysaccharides to fermentable glucose, the comparative hydrolytic potential of four enzymes such as Multifect® XL, Optimash™ XL ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.biombioe.2010.12.009

3. Bio-hydrogen production based on catalytic reforming of volatiles generated by cellulose pyrolysis: An integrated process for ZnO reduction and zinc nanostructures fabrication

Author:
Maciel, Adriana Veloso; Job, Aldo Eloizo; da Nova Mussel, Wagner; de Brito, Walter; Duarte Pasa, Vânya Márcia
Source:
Biomass and bioenergy 2011 v.35 no.3 pp. 1121-1129
ISSN:
0961-9534
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; X-radiation; X-ray diffraction; carbon; cellulose; gases; hydrogen; hydrogen production; nanowires; optical properties; pyrolysis; scanning electron microscopy; temperature; thermal analysis; transmission electron microscopy; zinc
Abstract:
... The paper presents a process of cellulose thermal degradation with bio-hydrogen generation and zinc nanostructures synthesis. Production of zinc nanowires and zinc nanoflowers was performed by a novel processes based on cellulose pyrolysis, volatiles reforming and direct reduction of ZnO. The bio-hydrogen generated in situ promoted the ZnO reduction with Zn nanostructures formation by vapor–solid ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.biombioe.2010.11.039

4. Biohydrogen production by Lyngbya perelegans: Influence of physico-chemical environment

Author:
Kaushik, Anubha; Anjana, Kamra
Source:
Biomass and bioenergy 2011 v.35 no.3 pp. 1041-1045
ISSN:
0961-9534
Subject:
ferredoxin hydrogenase; anaerobic conditions; hydrogen production; salinity; glycogen; light intensity; scotophase; pH; carotenoids; hydrogen; salt concentration; temperature; biomass; chlorophyll; Lyngbya
Abstract:
... Biohydrogen production by a non-heterocystous cyanobacterium Lyngbya perelegans was studied under varied physico-chemical conditions including oxic/anoxic, light/dark period, light intensity, temperature, pH and salinity. Some important biological characteristics of the species that favored its selection as a hydrogen producing organism included its dense biomass in the culture, moderately good ch ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.biombioe.2010.11.024

5. Biomass and energy production of catch crops in areas with deficiency of precipitation during summer period in central Bohemia

Author:
Brant, V.; Pivec, J.; Fuksa, P.; Neckář, K.; Kocourková, D.; Venclová, V.
Source:
Biomass and bioenergy 2011 v.35 no.3 pp. 1286-1294
ISSN:
0961-9534
Subject:
Brassica napus; Lolium multiflorum; Lolium perenne; Phacelia tanacetifolia; Raphanus sativus; Sinapis alba; Trifolium incarnatum; Trifolium subterraneum; air temperature; bioenergy; biomass production; catch crops; energy efficiency; regression analysis; sowing date; summer; volunteers; weeds
Abstract:
... The biomass production dynamics of catch crops, volunteers and weeds in dependence on precipitation and air temperature, was studied in central Bohemia from 2004 to 2006. The cover of individual components of the growth was monitored during the same period. Also measured were energy and efficiency of utilization of global radiation by catch crops and volunteers. The catch crops included the follow ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.biombioe.2010.12.034

6. Biomass direct chemical looping process: A perspective

Author:
Kobayashi, Nobusuke; Fan, Liang-Shih
Source:
Biomass and bioenergy 2011 v.35 no.3 pp. 1252-1262
ISSN:
0961-9534
Subject:
biomass; carbon dioxide; carbon markets; economic analysis; electricity; energy conversion; energy density; fuels; hydrogen; prices; water content
Abstract:
... This paper provides a perspective on the biomass direct chemical looping (BDCL) scheme which directly converts biomass into hydrogen and/or electricity with CO₂ capture. The discussion involves the preliminary design, potential challenges, and feasibility assessments in the BDCL process. Description of the BDCL process and the characteristics of biomass are provided in order to discuss potential a ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.biombioe.2010.12.019

7. Can we use biomass produced from phytoremediation?

Author:
Abhilash, P.C.; Yunus, Mohammad
Source:
Biomass and bioenergy 2011 v.35 no.3 pp. 1371-1372
ISSN:
0961-9534
Subject:
biomass; heavy metals; phytoremediation
Abstract:
... The present article briefly describe the concerns regarding the use of biomass derived from phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated sites. ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.biombioe.2010.12.013

8. Carbohydrate composition in delayed harvested reed canary grass

Author:
Finell, Michael; Arshadi, Mehrdad; Gref, Rolf
Source:
Biomass and bioenergy 2011 v.35 no.3 pp. 1097-1102
ISSN:
0961-9534
Subject:
Phalaris arundinacea; arabinose; biofuels; carbohydrate composition; clay; energy crops; ethanol production; glucose; grasses; lignin; pulp and paper industry; raw materials; sand; soil types; xylose
Abstract:
... Reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) samples of the Palaton variety grown at 10 different locations in northern Europe were analyzed and the effect of growing location and soil type on the carbohydrate composition and lignin content were investigated. The results showed that the major carbohydrate components in delayed harvested reed canary grass were glucose and xylose. Some growing locati ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.biombioe.2010.11.034

9. Catalytic cracking of squalene to gasoline-range molecules

Author:
Tracy, Noah I.; Crunkleton, Daniel W.; Price, Geoffrey L.
Source:
Biomass and bioenergy 2011 v.35 no.3 pp. 1060-1065
ISSN:
0961-9534
Subject:
cracking; gasoline; octane; squalene
Abstract:
... Cracking squalene over a zeolite catalyst produced an organic liquid containing light hydrocarbons. The distillate of the organic liquid product (b.p. <275 °C) was analyzed by ASTM gasoline methods and found to have a research octane number of 98. ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.biombioe.2010.11.027

10. Characterisation of the torrefaction of beech wood using NIRS: Combined effects of temperature and duration

Author:
Rousset, P.; Davrieux, F.; Macedo, L.; Perré, P.
Source:
Biomass and bioenergy 2011 v.35 no.3 pp. 1219-1226
ISSN:
0961-9534
Subject:
Fagus sylvatica; gasification; pretreatment; quality control; spectral analysis; temperature; torrefaction; wood; wood properties
Abstract:
... A new approach is proposed to retrace the combined effects of temperature and duration within the thickness of heat-treated Fagus sylvatica wood. Torrefaction is a mild pre-treatment of biomass carried out at 200–300 °C to improve its properties for pulverized systems such as gasification. The properties of wood treated at high temperature are closely related to chemical modifications induced by t ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.biombioe.2010.12.012

11. Characteristics of vegetation and its relationship with landfill gas in closed landfill

Author:
Xiaoli, Chai; Xin, Zhao; Ziyang, Lou; Shimaoka, Takayuki; Nakayama, Hirofumi; Xianyan, Cao; Youcai, Zhao
Source:
Biomass and bioenergy 2011 v.35 no.3 pp. 1295-1301
ISSN:
0961-9534
Subject:
Phragmites australis; carbon dioxide; landfills; methane; perennials; vegetation
Abstract:
... An investigation was carried out to elucidate landfill gas (LFG) and the vegetation characteristics in closed landfill. The results indicate that the stabilization process of the landfill is an important factor influencing the components of landfill gases. The coverage, height and species of vegetation increase with the closed time of landfill. Fourteen species were observed in the investigated ce ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.biombioe.2010.12.051

12. Conversion of almond shell to activated carbons: Methodical study of the chemical activation based on an experimental design and relationship with their characteristics

Author:
Izquierdo, M. Teresa; Martínez de Yuso, Alicia; Rubio, Begoña; Pino, M. Rosa
Source:
Biomass and bioenergy 2011 v.35 no.3 pp. 1235-1244
ISSN:
0961-9534
Subject:
activated carbon; experimental design; phosphoric acid; response surface methodology
Abstract:
... The objective of this work is to carry out a methodical study of the preparation conditions of almond shell based chemically activated carbons and its influence on the characteristics of the activated carbons. An experimental design was used to optimize the preparation conditions of activated carbons from almond shell via chemical activation with phosphoric acid. Temperatures from 400° to 800 °C, ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.biombioe.2010.12.016

13. Correlating the phenotypic and molecular diversity in Jatropha curcas L.

Author:
Sunil, N.; Sujatha, M.; Kumar, Vinod; Vanaja, M.; Basha, S.D.; Varaprasad, K.S.
Source:
Biomass and bioenergy 2011 v.35 no.3 pp. 1085-1096
ISSN:
0961-9534
Subject:
Jatropha curcas; color; crossing; flowering; germplasm; leaves; phenotype; quantitative traits; random amplified polymorphic DNA technique; surveys; texture
Abstract:
... Thirty four Jatropha germplasm accessions, selected based on unique phenotypic traits from 180 accessions collected from diverse geographical regions were subjected to field evaluation and molecular analysis. The field evaluation using eight quantitative traits showed significant variation among the germplasm. The molecular analysis using 56 RAPD and 40 ISSR primers resulted in 7 and 8 clusters, r ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.biombioe.2010.11.030

14. Diminution of economic yield as affected by pruning and chemical manipulation of Jatropha curcas L.

Author:
Ghosh, Arup; Chikara, J.; Chaudhary, D.R.
Source:
Biomass and bioenergy 2011 v.35 no.3 pp. 1021-1029
ISSN:
0961-9534
Subject:
Jatropha curcas; apical dominance; biodiesel; branches; branching; chemical pruning; chlorophyll; energy; flowering; flowers; fruit yield; fruiting; growers; hulls; industry; leaves; nitrogen content; paclobutrazol; photosynthesis; shrubs; vegetative growth
Abstract:
... Jatropha shrubs grow tall if left non-pruned. Pruning helps to keep the height within harvestable distances. Since, Jatropha flowers are borne on leaf axils of new growth in the season, pruning is supposed to increase fruiting because of formation of more number of lateral branches due to suppression of apical dominance. However, results of exploratory studies revealed drastic reduction of fruit y ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.biombioe.2010.11.019

15. “Effect of light intensity and the light: dark cycles on the long term hydrogen production of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii by batch cultures”

Author:
Oncel, S.; Sukan, F. Vardar
Source:
Biomass and bioenergy 2011 v.35 no.3 pp. 1066-1074
ISSN:
0961-9534
Subject:
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii; adverse effects; hydrogen production; light intensity; lighting
Abstract:
... The photomixotrophic hydrogen production was investigated in sulfur deprived Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cultures. The cultures were exposed to continuous illumination of various light intensities in 27-day batches. Light intensity of 70 × 2 μE m⁻² s⁻¹ was selected for hydrogen production. Subsequent experiments involving 27-day long light:dark cycles were conducted at the selected ligh ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.biombioe.2010.11.017

16. Empty fruit bunches from oil palm as a potential raw material for fuel ethanol production

Author:
Piarpuzán, Diego; Quintero, Julián A.; Cardona, Carlos A.
Source:
Biomass and bioenergy 2011 v.35 no.3 pp. 1130-1137
ISSN:
0961-9534
Subject:
Elaeis guineensis; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; autoclaving; distillation; energy; enzymatic hydrolysis; ethanol; ethanol production; fermentation; fuels; glass; hydrolysis; pentoses; planning; raw materials; reducing sugars; sodium acetate
Abstract:
... In this paper the fuel ethanol production from empty fruit bunches was experimentally evaluated using alkaline pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis for sugars release. Fermentation was accomplished using a native Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain. Ethanol concentration was carried on using a glass bench-scale distillation column. Experimental results were used for planning and designing the process ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.biombioe.2010.11.038

17. Energy flow and greenhouse gas emissions in organic and conventional sweet cherry orchards located in or close to Natura 2000 sites

Author:
Litskas, Vassilios D.; Mamolos, Andreas P.; Kalburtji, Kiriaki L.; Tsatsarelis, Constantinos A.; Kiose-Kampasakali, Eleni
Source:
Biomass and bioenergy 2011 v.35 no.3 pp. 1302-1310
ISSN:
0961-9534
Subject:
Prunus avium; carbon dioxide; energy efficiency; farms; fertilizer application; fertilizers; fruit growing; fuels; fungicides; greenhouse gas emissions; harvesting; insecticides; labor; methane; nitrous oxide; orchards; organic production; pesticide application; renewable energy sources; shoots; transportation
Abstract:
... An energy analysis in orchards is useful to deciding best management strategies. The objective of this study was to evaluate, by selecting organic and conventional sweet cherry orchards located in/or close to Natura 2000 sites (a) the energy flow between the two farming systems and (b) the effect of farming system to gas emissions (CO₂, CH₄ and N₂O). Twenty farms [(2-conventional and 2-organic) ×  ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.biombioe.2010.12.023

18. Gasification of bean curd refuse with carbon supported noble metal catalysts in supercritical water

Author:
Sato, Takafumi; Inda, Kentaro; Itoh, Naotsugu
Source:
Biomass and bioenergy 2011 v.35 no.3 pp. 1245-1251
ISSN:
0961-9534
Subject:
carbon; carbon dioxide; catalysts; gases; gasification; heat treatment; methane; solid wastes; temperature; tofu
Abstract:
... Gasification of bean curd refuse was examined in the presence of carbon supported noble metal catalysts in sub- and supercritical water from 473 K to 673 K. The activity of catalyst was in the order of Ru/C >> Rh/C > Pt/C > Pd/C. The effect of reaction condition with Ru/C catalyst was examined in detail. In the presence of catalyst and water, bean curd refuse decomposed to intermediates an ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.biombioe.2010.12.015

19. Genetic variation in degradability of wheat straw and potential for improvement through plant breeding

Author:
Jensen, Jacob Wagner; Magid, Jakob; Hansen-Møller, Jens; Andersen, Sven Bode; Bruun, Sander
Source:
Biomass and bioenergy 2011 v.35 no.3 pp. 1114-1120
ISSN:
0961-9534
Subject:
bioenergy; cultivars; ethanol production; feeds; genes; genetic variation; grain yield; heritability; plant breeding; selection response; soil; wheat straw; winter wheat
Abstract:
... The degradability of cereal straw is of importance when it is used for animal feed, biological means of bioenergy production such as bioethanol production and when it is incorporated in soil. We examined wheat straw from 106 different winter wheat cultivars representing the northwest European contemporary gene pool. The cultivars were grown at two different locations to assess the potential for br ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.biombioe.2010.11.036

20. Glycerol oxidation in solid oxide fuel cells based on a Ni-perovskite electrocatalyst

Author:
Lo Faro, Massimiliano; Minutoli, Maurizio; Monforte, Giuseppe; Antonucci, Vincenzo; Aricò, Antonino S.
Source:
Biomass and bioenergy 2011 v.35 no.3 pp. 1075-1084
ISSN:
0961-9534
Subject:
X-ray diffraction; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; air; carbon; electrodes; fuel cells; glycerol; hydrogen; lanthanum; methane; nickel; oxidation; transmission electron microscopy
Abstract:
... An investigation of the electrochemical oxidation of glycerol as alternative to hydrogen and methane in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) based on a noble metal-free anode catalyst was carried out. The anode electrocatalyst consisted of a Ni-modified La₀.₆Sr₀.₄Fe₀.₈Co₀.₂O₃ (LSFCO) perovskite. After thermal activation, air treatment at 1100 °C followed by reduction at 800 °C in H ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.biombioe.2010.11.018