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1. A comparison of pipeline versus truck transport of bio-oil

Author:
Pootakham, Thanyakarn; Kumar, Amit
Source:
Bioresource technology 2010 v.101 no.1 pp. 414-421
ISSN:
0960-8524
Subject:
renewable energy sources; biomass; biofuels; distribution (economics); shipping
Abstract:
... Biomass-based energy and fuels are receiving attention because they are considered carbon neutral; i.e. the amount of CO₂ released during combustion of this biomass is nearly the same as that taken up by the plants during their growth. Bio-oil is a dark viscous liquid consisting of hydrocarbons. These are produced by fast pyrolysis of biomass. “As-is” biomass material has a low energy density (MJm ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.biortech.2009.07.077
PubMed:
19699637

2. A highly regioselective route to arbutin esters by immobilized lipase from Penicillium expansum

Author:
Yang, Rong-Ling; Li, Ning; Li, Ri-Feng; Smith, Thomas J.; Zong, Min-Hua
Source:
Bioresource technology 2010 v.101 no.1 pp. 1-5
ISSN:
0960-8524
Subject:
Penicillium expansum; active sites; acylation; catalysts; catalytic activity; enzymatic reactions; fatty acid esters; triacylglycerol lipase
Abstract:
... Immobilized lipase from Penicillium expansum, a novel and inexpensive enzyme preparation that we immobilized in our laboratory, was an excellent catalyst for highly regioselective acylation of arbutin with fatty acid vinyl esters. For the enzymatic butanoylation of arbutin, under the optimal conditions, initial reaction rate was 75.1mM/h, and substrate conversion and regioselectivity were greater ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.biortech.2009.07.067
PubMed:
19695875

3. Anaerobic digestion of tannery waste: Semi-continuous and anaerobic sequencing batch reactor processes

Author:
Zupančič, Gregor D.; Jemec, A.
Source:
Bioresource technology 2010 v.101 no.1 pp. 26-33
ISSN:
0960-8524
Subject:
renewable energy sources; tannery effluents; tannery waste; solid wastes; recycling; waste treatment; wastewater treatment; methane production; biogas; chromium; anaerobic digesters; anaerobic digestion
Abstract:
... Disposal of the vast amounts of tannery waste that are currently generated is a significant problem. Anaerobic treatment of different types of tannery waste (fleshings, skin trimmings and wastewater sludge) was investigated. The biochemical methane potential is the same at 37°C or 55°C and an assay of this was shown to be an appropriate screening tool with which to estimate the susceptibility of a ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.biortech.2009.07.028
PubMed:
19699632

4. Anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate (AQDS) as a catalyst to enhance the reductive decolourisation of the azo dyes Reactive Red 2 and Congo Red under anaerobic conditions

Author:
Costa, M.C.; Mota, S.; Nascimento, R.F.; Dos Santos, A.B.
Source:
Bioresource technology 2010 v.101 no.1 pp. 105-110
ISSN:
0960-8524
Subject:
industrial wastes; textile mill effluents; wastewater treatment; reactive dyes; decolorization; anthraquinones; sulfonates; catalysts; anaerobic digestion; upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor
Abstract:
... In this study, we assessed the catalytic effect of anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate (AQDS) to enhance the reductive decolourisation of the azo dyes Reactive Red 2 and Congo Red in batch and continuous-flow experiments. While testing the anaerobic sludge 1 in assays free of AQDS, the highest values for the first-order kinetic constant (k1) were found with co-substrates formate and glucose. In the assa ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.biortech.2009.08.015
PubMed:
19717298

5. Bacterial community structure and dominant bacteria in activated sludge from a 70°C ultrasound-enhanced anaerobic reactor for treating carbazole-containing wastewater

Author:
Tan, Yufei; Ji, Guodong
Source:
Bioresource technology 2010 v.101 no.1 pp. 174-180
ISSN:
0960-8524
Subject:
Comamonas; Pseudomonas; acclimation; activated sludge; bacteria; carbon; community structure; environmental factors; polymerase chain reaction; wastewater
Abstract:
... Status of, and changes in, the bacterial communities at two acclimation stages (with- and without-ultrasound) in a small 70°C ultrasound-enhanced anaerobic reactor for treating carbazole-containing wastewater reactor were analyzed by PCR-DGGE and real-time PCR techniques. PCR-DGGE results indicated that a large number of bands occurred in the whole sludge samples. Pseudomonas sp., Comamonas sp., a ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.biortech.2009.08.044

6. Biocomposites from abaca strands and polypropylene. Part I: Evaluation of the tensile properties

Author:
Vilaseca, Fabiola; Valadez-Gonzalez, Alex; Herrera-Franco, Pedro J.; Pèlach, M. Àngels; López, Joan Pere; Mutjé, Pere
Source:
Bioresource technology 2010 v.101 no.1 pp. 387-395
ISSN:
0960-8524
Subject:
composite wood products; Musa textilis; polypropylenes; tensile strength; mechanical properties
Abstract:
... In this paper, abaca strands were used as reinforcement of polypropylene matrix and their tensile mechanical properties were studied. It was found relevant increments on the tensile properties of the abaca strand-PP composites despite the lack of good adhesion at fiber-matrix interface. Afterwards, it was stated the influence of using maleated polypropylene (MAPP) as compatibilizer to promote the ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.biortech.2009.07.066
PubMed:
19700312

7. Biodegradation of Reactive blue 13 in a two-stage anaerobic/aerobic fluidized beds system with a Pseudomonas sp. isolate

Author:
Lin, Jun; Zhang, Xingwang; Li, Zhongjian; Lei, Lecheng
Source:
Bioresource technology 2010 v.101 no.1 pp. 34-40
ISSN:
0960-8524
Subject:
textile mill effluents; reactive dyes; azo dyes; decolorization; biodegradation; chemical reactions; reduction; deamination; oxidation; fluidized beds; Pseudomonas; Gram-negative bacteria; activated sludge; chemical oxygen demand; anaerobic digesters
Abstract:
... Pseudomonas sp. strain L1 capable of degrading the azo textile dye Reactive blue 13, was isolated from activated sludge in a sequencing batch reactor. A continuous two-stage anaerobic/aerobic biological fluidized bed system was used to decolorize and mineralize Reactive blue 13. The key factors affecting decolorization were investigated and the efficiency of degradation was also optimized. An over ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.biortech.2009.07.037
PubMed:
19713103

8. Biodegradation of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane in Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) reactor

Author:
Basu, Debolina; Gupta, S.K.
Source:
Bioresource technology 2010 v.101 no.1 pp. 21-25
ISSN:
0960-8524
Subject:
biodegradation; dechlorination; effluents; granules; sludge; upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor
Abstract:
... This study examines the performance of bench-scale Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) reactor in treating simulated wastewaters containing 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (TeCA). Reactors R1 (control) and R2 (containing TeCA) were operated at Hydraulic Retention Times (HRTs) of 36, 30, 24, 18 and 12h. The removal of TeCA decreased from 99.85% to 98.40% as the HRT was lowered down from 36 to 12h. The ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.biortech.2009.06.074
PubMed:
19699084

9. Biofiltration of methanol in an organic biofilter using peanut shells as medium

Author:
Ramirez-Lopez, E.M.; Corona-Hernandez, J.; Avelar-Gonzalez, F.J.; Omil, F.; Thalasso, F.
Source:
Bioresource technology 2010 v.101 no.1 pp. 87-91
ISSN:
0960-8524
Subject:
peanuts; hulls; physicochemical properties; methanol; pollutants; air pollution; biofiltration; biofilters
Abstract:
... Biofiltration consists of a filter-bed of organic matter serving both as carrier for the active biomass and as nutrient supply, through which the polluted gas passes. The selection of a suitable medium material is of major importance to ensure optimum biofilter efficiency. Peanut shells are an agricultural byproduct locally available in large quantities at a low price in most tropical and sub-trop ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.biortech.2008.10.064
PubMed:
19700310

10. Biological hydrogen sulfide production in an ethanol-lactate fed fluidized-bed bioreactor

Author:
Nevatalo, Laura M.; Mäkinen, Annukka E.; Kaksonen, Anna H.; Puhakka, Jaakko A.
Source:
Bioresource technology 2010 v.101 no.1 pp. 276-284
ISSN:
0960-8524
Subject:
acetates; ethanol; hydrogen production; lactates; mining; oxidation; sulfates; wastewater; wastewater treatment
Abstract:
... Sulfate-reducing fluidized-bed bioreactor (FBR) fed with ethanol-lactate mixture was operated at 35°C for 540days to assess mine wastewater treatment, biological hydrogen sulfide production capacity and acetate oxidation kinetics. During the mine wastewater treatment period with synthetic wastewater, the sulfate reduction rate was 62mmol [formula removed] L⁻¹ d⁻¹ and Fe and Zn precipitation rates ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.biortech.2009.07.042
PubMed:
19716290

11. Biological removal of the xenobiotic trichloroethylene (TCE) through cometabolism in nitrifying systems

Author:
Kocamemi, B. Alpaslan; Çeçen, F.
Source:
Bioresource technology 2010 v.101 no.1 pp. 430-433
ISSN:
0960-8524
Subject:
ammonia; catalytic activity; enzymes; nitrification; trichloroethylene
Abstract:
... In the present study, cometabolic TCE degradation was evaluated using NH₄-N as the growth-substrate. At initial TCE concentrations up to 845μg/L, TCE degradation followed first-order kinetics. The increase in ammonium utilization rate favored the degradation of TCE. This ensured that biological transformation of TCE in nitrifying systems is accomplished through a cometabolic pathway by the catalys ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.biortech.2009.07.079
PubMed:
19729301

12. Biological treatment of landfill leachate with the integration of partial nitrification, anaerobic ammonium oxidation and heterotrophic denitrification

Author:
Xu, Zheng-Yong; Zeng, Guang-Ming; Yang, Zhao-Hui; Xiao, Yong; Cao, Ming; Sun, Hong-Song; Ji, Li-Li; Chen, Ying
Source:
Bioresource technology 2010 v.101 no.1 pp. 79-86
ISSN:
0960-8524
Subject:
activated sludge; air; biological treatment; biomass; denitrification; denitrifying bacteria; dissolved oxygen; landfill leachates; nitrification; oxidation; temperature; wastewater
Abstract:
... A biological treatment with the integration of partial nitrification, anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox) and heterotrophic denitrification was successfully developed in a SBR with periodical air supply to treat landfill leachate. An operating temperature of 30±1°C and a dissolved oxygen concentration within 1.0-1.5mg/L were maintained in the SBR. First, the mixture of Anammox biomass and aerob ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.biortech.2009.07.082
PubMed:
19699633

13. Bio-oil production from fast pyrolysis of waste furniture sawdust in a fluidized bed

Author:
Heo, Hyeon Su; Park, Hyun Ju; Park, Young-Kwon; Ryu, Changkook; Suh, Dong Jin; Suh, Young-Woong; Yim, Jin-Heong; Kim, Seung-Soo
Source:
Bioresource technology 2010 v.101 no.1 pp. S91
ISSN:
0960-8524
Subject:
biomass; renewable energy sources; biofuels; biogas; pyrolysis; furniture; wood products; sawdust; fluidized beds
Abstract:
... The amount of waste furniture generated in Korea was over 2.4 million tons in the past 3 years, which can be used for renewable energy or fuel feedstock production. Fast pyrolysis is available for thermo-chemical conversion of the waste wood mostly into bio-oil. In this work, fast pyrolysis of waste furniture sawdust was investigated under various reaction conditions (pyrolysis temperature, partic ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.biortech.2009.06.003
PubMed:
19560915

14. Biopolymer from microbial assisted in situ hydrolysis of triglycerides and dimerization of fatty acids

Author:
Kavitha, V.; Radhakrishnan, N.; Madhavacharyulu, E.; Sailakshmi, G.; Sekaran, G.; Reddy, B.S.R.; Rajkumar, G. Suseela; Gnanamani, Arumugam
Source:
Bioresource technology 2010 v.101 no.1 pp. 337-343
ISSN:
0960-8524
Subject:
biopolymers; biosurfactants; dimerization; enzymes; fatty acids; hydrolysis; instrumentation; marine sediments; microorganisms; odors; tensile strength; triacylglycerols
Abstract:
... The present study demonstrates biopolymer production by in situ bio-based dimerization of fatty acids by microorganism isolated from marine sediments. Microbial isolate grown in Zobell medium in the presence of triglycerides for the period of 24-240h at 37°C, hydrolyze the applied triglycerides and sequentially dimerized the hydrolyzed products and subsequently polymerized and transformed to a bio ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.biortech.2009.08.022
PubMed:
19720526

15. Bulk density and compaction behavior of knife mill chopped switchgrass, wheat straw, and corn stover

Author:
Chevanan, Nehru; Womac, Alvin R.; Bitra, Venkata S.P.; Igathinathane, C.; Yang, Yuechuan T.; Miu, Petre I.; Sokhansanj, Shahab
Source:
Bioresource technology 2010 v.101 no.1 pp. 207-214
ISSN:
0960-8524
Subject:
renewable energy sources; biomass; raw materials; Panicum virgatum; Triticum aestivum; wheat straw; Zea mays; corn stover; chopping; particle size; bulk density; compressibility; mathematical models
Abstract:
... Bulk density of comminuted biomass significantly increased by vibration during handling and transportation, and by normal pressure during storage. Compaction characteristics affecting the bulk density of switchgrass, wheat straw, and corn stover chopped in a knife mill at different operating conditions and using four different classifying screens were studied. Mean loose-filled bulk densities were ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.biortech.2009.07.083
PubMed:
19699634

16. Changes in the level of alkaline and acid phosphatase activities during green wastes and sewage sludge co-composting

Author:
Albrecht, Remy; Petit, Jean Le; Calvert, Virgile; Terrom, Gérard; Périssol, Claude
Source:
Bioresource technology 2010 v.101 no.1 pp. 228-233
ISSN:
0960-8524
Subject:
alkaline phosphatase; acid phosphatase; enzyme activity; organic wastes; sewage sludge; windrow composting; compost maturity; compost quality; inorganic phosphorus
Abstract:
... The aim of this work was to study the activity level of alkaline and acid phosphatases during the composting of green wastes and sewage sludge and to determine relationships between biotic and abiotic properties of compost and phosphatase activities. This study has revealed a noticeable separation of phosphomonoesterase activities into two distinct phases during composting. Alkaline and acid phosp ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.biortech.2009.08.017
PubMed:
19733479

17. Characteristics and kinetics of cattle litter pyrolysis in a tubing reactor

Author:
Ngo, Thanh-An; Kim, Jinsoo; Kim, Seung-Soo
Source:
Bioresource technology 2010 v.101 no.1 pp. S104
ISSN:
0960-8524
Subject:
biomass; renewable energy sources; cattle manure; pyrolysis; kinetics; thermogravimetry; biogas; chemical composition; animal husbandry; cattle
Abstract:
... The kinetic parameters for the pyrolysis of cattle litter were evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The cattle litter was pyrolyzed in a tubing reactor at 340, 360 and 380°C with various retention times from 4 to 20min. The influence of the pyrolysis conditions on the product yields was also examined. The maximum yields of gas and liquid products, 16.1 and 17.2 wt%, respectively, were ob ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.biortech.2009.06.034
PubMed:
19592241

18. Characterization and phylogenetic analysis of biodemulsifier-producing bacteria

Author:
Huang, Xiang-Feng; Guan, Wei; Liu, Jia; Lu, Li-Jun; Xu, Jing-Cheng; Zhou, Qi
Source:
Bioresource technology 2010 v.101 no.1 pp. 317-323
ISSN:
0960-8524
Subject:
Achromobacter; Brevibacillus; Dietzia; Ochrobactrum; Sphingomonas; bacteria; biosynthesis; emulsions; hydrocarbons; phylogeny; ribosomal DNA; trees
Abstract:
... Based on demulsification performance, twenty biodemulsifier-producing strains were isolated from various environmental sources. Five of them achieved nearly or over 90% of emulsion breaking ratio within 24h. With the aid of biochemical and physiological tests and 16S rDNA analysis, these isolates were classified into eleven genera, in which six genera (Brevibacillus sp., Dietzia sp., Ochrobactrum ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.biortech.2009.07.086
PubMed:
19720525

19. Clean bio-oil production from fast pyrolysis of sewage sludge: Effects of reaction conditions and metal oxide catalysts

Author:
Park, Hyun Ju; Heo, Hyeon Su; Park, Young-Kwon; Yim, Jin-Heong; Jeon, Jong-Ki; Park, Junhong; Ryu, Changkook; Kim, Seung-Soo
Source:
Bioresource technology 2010 v.101 no.1 pp. S83
ISSN:
0960-8524
Subject:
biomass; renewable energy sources; sewage sludge; biofuels; pyrolysis; catalysts; calcium oxide; chlorine; fluidized beds
Abstract:
... Fast pyrolysis of sewage sludge was carried out under different reaction conditions, and its effects on bio-oil characteristics were studied. The effect of metal oxide catalysts on the removal of chlorine in the bio-oil was also investigated for four types of catalysts. The optimal pyrolysis temperature for bio-oil production was found to be 450°C, while much smaller and larger feed sizes adversel ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.biortech.2009.06.103
PubMed:
19635664

20. Compaction of poultry litter

Author:
Bernhart, M.; Fasina, O.O.; Fulton, J.; Wood, C.W.
Source:
Bioresource technology 2010 v.101 no.1 pp. 234-238
ISSN:
0960-8524
Subject:
water content; poultry manure; transportation; value added
Abstract:
... Poultry litter, a combination of accumulated chicken manure, feathers and bedding materials, is a potential feedstock for bioenergy and other value-added applications. The use of this waste product has been historically limited to within few miles of the place of generation because of its inherent low density. Compaction is one possible way to enhance the storage and transportation of the litter. ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.biortech.2009.08.030
PubMed:
19733062