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1. Adaptation and interaction of saxicolous crustose lichens with metals

Author:
Purvis, Ole William
Source:
Botanical studies 2014 v.55 no.1 pp. 23
ISSN:
1999-3110
Subject:
Acarospora; Cyanobacteria; algae; analytical methods; fungi; habitats; lichens; metals; minerals; new taxa; photostability; risk; toxicity; weathering
Abstract:
... One of the most successful mechanisms enabling fungi to survive in extreme subaerial environments is by formation of mutualistic symbioses with algae and/or cyanobacteria as lichens. Collections, field and mineral weathering studies and developments in modern instrumental and analytical techniques have considerably advanced knowledge in understanding tolerance mechanisms to stress, environmental a ...
DOI:
10.1186/1999-3110-55-23

2. Aluminum induces rapidly mitochondria-dependent programmed cell death in Al-sensitive peanut root tips

Author:
Huang, Wen-Jing; Oo, Thet Lwin; He, Hu-Yi; Wang, Ai-Qin; Zhan, Jie; Li, Chuang-Zhen; Wei, Shan-Qing; He, Long-Fei
Source:
Botanical studies 2014 v.55 no.1 pp. 67
ISSN:
1999-3110
Subject:
4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; DNA damage; aluminum; aluminum chloride; apoptosis; chromatin; cultivars; cytosol; genes; genotype; growth retardation; hydrogen peroxide; membrane potential; mitochondria; models; peanuts; permeability; proteinases; root growth; root tips; staining; superoxide anion
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Although many studies suggested that aluminum (Al) induced programmed cell death (PCD) in plants, the mechanism of Al-induced PCD and its effects in Al tolerance is limited. This study was to investigate the mechanism and type of Al induced PCD and the relationship between PCD and Al tolerance. RESULTS: In this study, two genotypes of peanut 99-1507 (Al tolerant) and ZH2 (Al sensitive) ...
DOI:
10.1186/s40529-014-0067-1

3. An active Catharanthus roseus desacetoxyvindoline-4-hydroxylase-like gene and its transcriptional regulatory profile

Author:
Zhou, Chen; Zhang, Jin; Zhao, Shu-Juan; Hu, Zhi-Bi
Source:
Botanical studies 2014 v.55 no.1 pp. 29
ISSN:
1999-3110
Subject:
2,4-D; Catharanthus roseus; amino acids; biosynthesis; cDNA libraries; cell suspension culture; complementary DNA; evolution; expressed sequence tags; flowers; fluorescence; gene expression; leaves; methyl jasmonate; quantitative polymerase chain reaction; reporter genes; roots; stems; suppression subtractive hybridization; transcription (genetics); vinblastine; vincristine
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Desacetoxyvindoline-4-hydroxylase is a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of vindoline, the important intermediate leading to vinblastine and vincristine in Catharanthus roseus. RESULTS: A d4h-like gene has been isolated from C. roseus C₂₀hi cells based on an EST sequence from the Suppression Subtractive Hybridization cDNA library. The full length cDNA of d4h-like was 1427 bp encoding 372 ...
DOI:
10.1186/1999-3110-55-29

4. Analysis of microsatellites in the vulnerable orchid Gastrodia flavilabella: the development of microsatellite markers, and cross-species amplification in Gastrodia

Author:
Tsai, Chi-Chu; Wu, Pei-Yin; Kuo, Chia-Chi; Huang, Min-Chun; Yu, Sheng-Kun; Hsu, Tsai-Wen; Chiang, Tzen-Yuh; Chiang, Yu-Chung
Source:
Botanical studies 2014 v.55 no.1 pp. 72
ISSN:
1999-3110
Subject:
DNA primers; Gastrodia; alleles; amplified fragment length polymorphism; carbohydrates; coniferous forests; genetic markers; genetic variation; herbaria; heterozygosity; loci; microsatellite repeats; mycorrhizal fungi; nutrients; phylogeography; records; symbiosis; vascular plants; vulnerable species; Taiwan
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Gastrodia flabilabella is a mycoheterotrophic orchid that obtains carbohydrates and nutrients from its symbiotic mycorrhizal fungi. The species is an endemic and vulnerable species enlisted in the “A Preliminary Red List of Taiwanese Vascular Plants” according to the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria Version 3.1. G. flabilabella dwells the underground of broadleaf and coniferous fo ...
DOI:
10.1186/s40529-014-0072-4

5. A new Haniffia species (Zingiberaceae) and a new generic record from Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo

Author:
Wong, Sin Yeng; Ooi, Im Hin; Boyce, Peter C
Source:
Botanical studies 2014 v.55 no.1 pp. 51
ISSN:
1999-3110
Subject:
Zingiberaceae; sandstone; taxonomic keys; Borneo; Malaysia; Thailand
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Haniffia Holttum is a genus of three described species of terrestrial gingers hitherto restricted to Peninsular Thailand and various localities in Peninsular Malaysia. RESULTS: With generic placement confirmed using nrITS, trn K and mat K plastid sequence data, Haniffia santubongensis S.Y. Wong & P.C. Boyce is described as a taxonomically novel species representing a new generic record ...
DOI:
10.1186/s40529-014-0051-9

6. A new variant produced by Rhizoctonia solani AG1-IC isolate CH-1 with a new type of nuclei

Author:
Tsai, Yun-Nung; Ko, Wen-Hsiung
Source:
Botanical studies 2014 v.55 no.1 pp. 69
ISSN:
1999-3110
Subject:
Thanatephorus cucumeris; broths; enzymes; heterokaryon; homokaryon; hyphae; mycelium; pathogenicity; pathogens; protoplasts; temperature
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Isolate CH-1 of Rhizoctonia solani Kühn was commonly used in our studies of the pathogenicity and genetics of this pathogen. During the preparation of homokaryons through protoplast regeneration and tuft formation, a defective homokaryon was detected and a new variant was obtained. RESULTS: When tuft formation was used to identify the karyotic nature of single protoplast regenerants (S ...
DOI:
10.1186/s40529-014-0069-z

7. Antioxidant activities of two metallothionein-like proteins from sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas [L.] Lam. `Tainong 57’) storage roots and their synthesized peptides

Author:
Huang, Shyh-Shyun; Deng, Jeng-Shyan; Chen, Hsien-Jung; Lin, Yaw-Huei; Huang, Guan-Jhong
Source:
Botanical studies 2014 v.55 no.1 pp. 64
ISSN:
1999-3110
Subject:
2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl; DNA; Escherichia coli; Ipomoea batatas; affinity chromatography; amino acid sequences; antioxidant activity; antioxidants; calves; cysteine; free radicals; hydrolysis; inhibitory concentration 50; metallothionein; molecular weight; peptides; polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; recombinant proteins; roots; sweet potatoes; thiocyanates; thymus gland; trypsin
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Metallothionein (MT) characterized by their low molecular weight and high cysteine content. RESULTS: Two recombinant proteins of MT-I and MT-II overproduced in E. coli (M15) was purified by Ni²⁺-chelated affinity chromatography. The molecular mass of MT-I and MT-II are ca. 6,600 and 8,000 Da as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Total an ...
DOI:
10.1186/s40529-014-0064-4

8. Antioxidant, cell-protective, and anti-melanogenic activities of leaf extracts from wild bitter melon (Momordica charantia Linn. var. abbreviata Ser.) cultivars

Author:
Tsai, Tsung-Hsien; Huang, Ching-Jang; Wu, Wen-Huey; Huang, Wen-Cheng; Chyuan, Jong-Ho; Tsai, Po-Jung
Source:
Botanical studies 2014 v.55 no.1 pp. 78
ISSN:
1999-3110
Subject:
Momordica charantia; cell death; cultivars; hydroxyl radicals; keratinocytes; leaf extracts; leaves; melanin; melanocytes; melanogenesis; nitric oxide; nitroprusside; nutrient content; protective effect; toxicity; Taiwan
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Several wild bitter melon (WBM; Momordica charantia Linn. var. abbreviata Ser.) cultivars were developed in Taiwan. However, little information is available regarding biological function of WBM leaf. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to investigate the nutrient content, antioxidant, cell protection and anti-melanogenic properties of wild bitter melon leaf. RESULTS: Methanoli ...
DOI:
10.1186/s40529-014-0078-y

9. A phylogenetic examination of the primary anthocyanin production pathway of the Plantae

Author:
Campanella, James J; Smalley, John V; Dempsey, Maureen E
Source:
Botanical studies 2014 v.55 no.1 pp. 10
ISSN:
1999-3110
Subject:
Gymnospermae; Selaginellales; algae; anthocyanidins; anthocyanins; embryophytes; enzymes; ferns and fern allies; genes; mosses and liverworts; phylogeny; reproduction
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Anthocyanin pigments aid in reproduction and provide ultraviolet protection to land plants. We have examined the phylogenetic relationships among the five primary enzymes responsible for producing anthocyanin pigment in its three major forms. Dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR), anthocyanidin synthase (ANS), Flavonoid 3’glucosyltransferase (F3GT), flavonoid 3’hydroxylase (F3’H), and flav ...
DOI:
10.1186/1999-3110-55-10

10. Application of an inducible transposon with anther culture in generation of di-haploid homologous mutants

Author:
Yang, Hsiu-Chun; Charng, Yuh-Chyang
Source:
Botanical studies 2014 v.55 no.1 pp. 27
ISSN:
1999-3110
Subject:
DNA; Oryza sativa; anther culture; callus; diploidy; excision; flowers; genes; homozygosity; insertional mutagenesis; knockout mutants; plantlets; polymerase chain reaction; rice; salicylic acid; transgenic plants; transposition (genetics); transposons
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Insertional mutagenesis represents one of the most effective ways to acquire information about a plant gene’s function. However, it is hindered by the autosomal genome being diploid and therefore, most mutations being recessive. The problem is addressed by inducing the transposition during anther culture so that selected mutations can be transmitted and then regenerated to a homozygous ...
DOI:
10.1186/1999-3110-55-27

11. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi increase salt tolerance of apple seedlings

Author:
Yang, Shou-Jun; Zhang, Zhong-Lan; Xue, Yuan-Xia; Zhang, Zhi-Fen; Shi, Shu-Yi
Source:
Botanical studies 2014 v.55 no.1 pp. 70
ISSN:
1999-3110
Subject:
Malus domestica; apples; ascorbate peroxidase; catalase; chlorides; crop production; exposure duration; leaves; mycorrhizae; mycorrhizal fungi; normal values; osmotic pressure; potassium; roots; salinity; salt stress; salt tolerance; seedlings; sodium; trees; China
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Apple trees are often subject to severe salt stress in China as well as in the world that results in significant loss of apple production. Therefore this study was carried out to evaluate the response of apple seedlings inoculated with abuscular mycorrhizal fungi under 0, 2‰, 4‰ and 6‰ salinity stress levels and further to conclude the upper threshold of mycorrhizal salinity tolerance. ...
DOI:
10.1186/s40529-014-0070-6

12. Begonia jinyunensis (Begoniaceae, section Platycentrum), a new palmately compound leaved species from Chongqing, China

Author:
Ding, Bo; Nakamura, Koh; Kono, Yoshiko; Ho, Meng-Jung; Peng, Ching-I
Source:
Botanical studies 2014 v.55 no.1 pp. 62
ISSN:
1999-3110
Subject:
Begonia; chloroplast DNA; chromosome number; deciduous forests; diploidy; flowering; leaves; new species; nucleotide sequences; phylogeny; rhizomes; ribosomal DNA; species diversity; surveys; China; Vietnam; Yangtze River
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Continental China is the center of Begonia species diversity in Asia and contains more than 60 species out of about 110 named species of section Platycentrum. Mt. Jinyun, located in Chongqing City at the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, harbors a subtropical broadleaved forest with high species diversity. During a botanical survey in Mt. Jinyun, an unknown Begonia species of sect. P ...
DOI:
10.1186/s40529-014-0062-6

13. Begonia wui-senioris (sect. Platycentrum, Begoniaceae), a new species from Myanmar

Author:
Peng, Ching-I; Wang, Hong; Kono, Yoshiko; Yang, Hsun-An
Source:
Botanical studies 2014 v.55 no.1 pp. 13
ISSN:
1999-3110
Subject:
Begonia; chromosome number; flora; herbaria; hills; leaves; limestone; new species; scientific illustration; taxon descriptions; Myanmar
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: The flora of Myanmar is under-collected compared with all other tropical Asian countries. An unknown Begonia was grown from seeds collected from a limestone hill in Central Myanmar, and compared with potentially allied species. RESULTS: The unknown Begonia is rhizomatous, has peltate leaves, 2-locular ovaries, and is evergreen. It is clearly assignable to sect. Platycentrum. Only two o ...
DOI:
10.1186/1999-3110-55-13

14. Begonia wuzhishanensis (sect. Diploclinium, Begoniaceae), a new species from Hainan Island, China

Author:
Peng, Ching-I; Jin, Xiao-Hua; Ku, Shin-Ming; Kono, Yoshiko; Huang, Han-Yau; Yang, Hsun-An
Source:
Botanical studies 2014 v.55 no.1 pp. 24
ISSN:
1999-3110
Subject:
Begonia; biodiversity; chromosome number; color; endangered species; greenhouses; herbaria; new species; tropical forests; China
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Hainan is the largest island of the Indo-Burma Biodiversity Hotspot and has the best preserved and most extensive tropical forests in China. A recent study on distribution of endangered species in China identifies southern Hainan as one of eight hotspots for plant conservation in the country. In continuation of our studies of Asian Begonia, we report the discovery of an attractive unde ...
DOI:
10.1186/1999-3110-55-24

15. Biochemical characterization of a functional recombinant aryl-alcohol dehydrogenase from Taiwanofungus camphorata

Author:
Ken, Chuian-Fu; Chang, Che-Chi; Wen, Lisa; Huang, Jenq-Kuen; Lin, Chi-Tsai
Source:
Botanical studies 2014 v.55 no.1 pp. 14
ISSN:
1999-3110
Subject:
Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Taiwanofungus; affinity chromatography; amino acid sequences; aromatic compounds; benzyl alcohol; complementary DNA; flavor; metabolism; models; molecular weight; nickel; pH; polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; potassium channels; xenobiotics
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Aryl-alcohol dehydrogenases (AADs) have been known to involve in the metabolism of aromatic compounds. RESULTS: One TcAAD cDNA (GenBank HQ453361) encoding a putative aryl-alcohol dehydrogenase (AAD) was cloned from Taiwanofungus camphorata. The deduced amino acid sequence is conserved among the reported AADs. A 3-D structural model of the TcAAD has been created based on the known struc ...
DOI:
10.1186/1999-3110-55-14

16. Characterization of a fungicidal substance produced by Eupenicillium brefeldianum isolated from soil for plant disease control and its significance in nature

Author:
Chen, Yen-Ting; Ko, Wen-Hsiung
Source:
Botanical studies 2014 v.55 no.1 pp. 39
ISSN:
1999-3110
Subject:
Alternaria brassicicola; Eupenicillium; cabbage; conidia; disease control; fungi; germination; leaf spot; pH; plant diseases and disorders; saprophytes; soil; solvents; temperature; tissues
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: A fungus identified as Eupenicillium brefeldianum was isolated from soil amended with vegetable tissues. RESULT: When grown in liquid medium prepared from the same vegetable tissues, E. brefeldianum produced a substance capable of preventing disease development of leaf spots of mustard cabbage caused by Alternaria brassicicola and inhibiting the germination of A. brassicicola conidia. ...
DOI:
10.1186/1999-3110-55-39

17. Chlorophyll and carbohydrate metabolism in developing silique and seed are prerequisite to seed oil content of Brassica napus L.

Author:
Hua, Shuijin; Chen, Zhong-Hua; Zhang, Yaofeng; Yu, Huasheng; Lin, Baogang; Zhang, Dongqing
Source:
Botanical studies 2014 v.55 no.1 pp. 34
ISSN:
1999-3110
Subject:
Brassica napus; biosynthesis; canola; cell walls; cellulose; chlorophyll; developmental stages; flowering; fructose; fruits; glucose; inbred lines; lipid bodies; lipid content; lipids; photosynthates; photosynthesis; physiological regulation; seed oils; seeds; starch; sucrose; sugar content; transmission electron microscopy; transportation
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Although the seed oil content in canola is a crucial quality determining trait, the regulatory mechanisms of its formation are not fully discovered. This study compared the silique and seed physiological characteristics including fresh and dry weight, seed oil content, chlorophyll content, and carbohydrate content in a high oil content line (HOCL) and a low oil content line (LOCL) of c ...
DOI:
10.1186/1999-3110-55-34

18. Cloning of a new glutathione peroxidase gene from tea plant (Camellia sinensis) and expression analysis under biotic and abiotic stresses

Author:
Fu, Jian-Yu
Source:
Botanical studies 2014 v.55 no.1 pp. 7
ISSN:
1999-3110
Subject:
Camellia sinensis; Ricinus communis; abiotic stress; amino acid sequences; amino acids; biotic stress; complementary DNA; drought; flowers; genes; glutathione; glutathione peroxidase; heat; heavy metals; hyperaccumulators; leaves; nucleotides; open reading frames; plant hormones; polypeptides; rapid amplification of cDNA ends; reactive oxygen species; salinity; tea; toxicity
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Tea plant, Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze, a well-known heavy metal hyperaccumulator, possesses a powerful tolerance to heavy metals. The heavy metal stresses lead to reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and high concentration of ROS is harmful to plants. The glutathione peroxidase gene has positive function to damage induced by ROS. To understand the mechanism of tolerance to d ...
DOI:
10.1186/1999-3110-55-7

19. Comparison of leaf anatomy and essential oils from Drimys brasiliensis Miers in a montane cloud forest in Itamonte, MG, Brazil

Author:
Cruz, Bruna Paula da; de Castro, Evaristo Mauro; Cardoso, Maria das Graças; de Souza, Katiúscia Freire; Machado, Samísia Maria Fernandes; Pompeu, Patrícia Vieira; Fontes, Marco Aurélio Leite
Source:
Botanical studies 2014 v.55 no.1 pp. 41
ISSN:
1999-3110
Subject:
Drimys; absorption; alcohols; altitude; carbon; carbon dioxide; essential oils; intercellular spaces; leaves; mesophyll; metabolism; oils; phenotypic plasticity; phenylpropanoids; sclereids; sesquiterpenoids; stomatal conductance; tropical montane cloud forests; Brazil
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Drimys brasiliensis Miers is native to Brazil, where it is mainly found in montane forests and flooded areas in the South and Southeast regions of the country. The objectives of the present study were to compare the leaf anatomy and the chemical constitution of the essential oils from D. brasiliensis present in two altitude levels (1900 and 2100 m), in a Montane Cloud Forest, in Itamon ...
DOI:
10.1186/s40529-014-0041-y

20. Comparison of soil bacterial communities in a natural hardwood forest and coniferous plantations in perhumid subtropical low mountains

Author:
Lin, Yu-Te; Hu, Hsueh-Wen; Whitman, William B; Coleman, David C; Chiu, Chih-Yu
Source:
Botanical studies 2014 v.55 no.1 pp. 50
ISSN:
1999-3110
Subject:
Acidobacteria; Calocedrus formosana; Cryptomeria japonica; bacterial communities; climate; conifers; forest soils; gamma-Proteobacteria; hardwood forests; mountains; phylogeny; plantations; reforestation; ribosomal RNA; soil bacteria; soil ecology; temperature
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: The bacterial community of forest soils is influenced by environmental disturbance and/or meteorological temperature and precipitation. In this study, we investigated three bacterial communities in soils of a natural hardwood forest and two plantations of conifer, Calocedrus formosana and Cryptomeria japonica, in a perhumid, low mountain area. By comparison with our previous studies wi ...
DOI:
10.1186/s40529-014-0050-x