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1. Are muscle fiber types different between normal and dark-cutting beef?

Author:
Bimol C. Roy; Shahid Mahmood; Heather L. Bruce
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2022 v.102 no.2 pp. 274-288
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
beef; beef quality; heifers; longissimus muscle; muscle fibers; pH; steers; Canada
Abstract:
... Muscle fiber (MF) characteristics of longissimus thoracis (LT) muscles from heifer (n = 11) and steer (n = 12) carcasses graded Canada AA (AA, normal, n = 4 per sex) or dark-cutting (Canada B4) were examined and related to beef quality. Atypical (AB4, pH < 5.9, n = 4 per sex) and typical (TB4, pH > 5.9, n = 3 and 4 for heifers and steers, respectively) dark-cutting carcasses were represented. Musc ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjas-2021-0085

2. Atmospheric ammonia causes histopathological lesions, cell cycle blockage, and apoptosis of spleen in chickens

Author:
Lin Chen; Tong Cai; Cuiyan Zhao; Shiping Bai; Gang Shu; Changlin Wen; Qinkun Xu; Xi Peng
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2022 v.102 no.3 pp. 448-456
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
ammonia; animal science; antigens; apoptosis; caspase-3; cell cycle checkpoints; cyclins; genes; histology; histopathology; mitochondria; oxidative stress; protein synthesis; spleen
Abstract:
... This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of atmospheric ammonia (NH₃) on histological changes, cell cycle distribution, and apoptosis of the spleen in chickens. Two hundred forty chickens were randomly allocated to the control group (without NH₃ challenge) and NH₃ group (70 ± 5 ppm NH₃). The experiment lasted for 8 days. The results showed that NH₃ exposure caused decreased relative ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjas-2021-0084

3. Can phytogenic additives improve the performance of broilers and replace growth-promoting antibiotics? A meta-analytic approach

Author:
Gustavo do Valle Polycarpo; Gabrieli Andressa de Lima; Thaís de Souza Ávida; Fábio Sampaio Rosas; Valquíria Cação Cruz-Polycarpo; Jaqueline Dalbello Biller; Bárbara Fernanda da Silva Barbosa; Maria Fernanda de Castro Burbarelli
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2022 v.102 no.2 pp. 289-300
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
average daily gain; broiler chickens; feed conversion; feed intake; meta-analysis; poultry production
Abstract:
... Phytogenic additives have been studied intensively in broiler chicken production to substitute growth-promoting antibiotics. However, the comprehensive literature on this topic makes it difficult to understand overall results because there are a noticeable number of studies with conflicting conclusions. While several research studies have shown that phytogenic additives may increment broiler chick ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjas-2021-0058

4. Comparative analysis of antimicrobial resistance and genetic characteristics of Escherichia coli from broiler breeder farms in Korea

Author:
Shin-Woo Kim; Koeun Kim; Young Ju Lee
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2022 v.102 no.2 pp. 342-351
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
Escherichia coli; acid tolerance; ampicillin; antibiotic resistance; broiler breeders; cephalothin; chloramphenicol; genes; nalidixic acid; phenotype; tetracycline; virulence; Korean Peninsula
Abstract:
... Broiler breeder farms could be a reservoir of Escherichia coli, disseminating antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors. We investigated the antimicrobial resistance of E. coli from nine broiler breeder farms and characterised their resistance and virulence genes. A total of 256 E. coli showed a high level of resistance to tetracycline, nalidixic acid, ampicillin, and cephalothin, followed by ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjas-2021-0090

5. Comparative digestibility of energy, dry matter, and nutrients by gestating and lactating sows fed corn–soybean meal diets without or with full-fat or defatted rice bran

Author:
Gloria A. Casas; Maryane S.F. Oliveira; Charmaine D. Espinosa; H.H. Stein
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2022 v.102 no.2 pp. 401-405
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
diet; digestibility; energy; lactation; neutral detergent fiber; organic matter; phosphorus; pregnancy; rice bran
Abstract:
... Twenty-four gestating sows and 24 lactating sows were randomly allotted to three diets with eight replicate sows per treatment in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement. Different sows were used in gestation and lactation periods. The hypothesis was that digestibility of gross energy (GE), dry matter (DM), and nutrients in lactating sows is not different from that in gestating sows. A corn–soybean-meal die ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjas-2021-0086

6. Effects of biochar source, level of inclusion, and particle size on in vitro dry matter disappearance, total gas, and methane production and ruminal fermentation parameters in a barley silage-based diet

Author:
Paul Tamayao; Gabriel O. Ribeiro; Tim A. McAllister; Kim H. Ominski; Erasmus K. Okine; Emma J. McGeough
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2022 v.102 no.1 pp. 133-144
ISSN:
1918-1825
Subject:
animal science; barley; biochar; coconuts; diet; methane; methane production; particle size; rumen fermentation
Abstract:
... This study evaluated the effects of biochar differing in source, inclusion level, and particle size on dry matter disappearance (DMD), total gas and methane (CH₄) production, and ruminal fermentation in a barley silage-based diet. The seven biochar products used were coconut (CP001 and CP014) or pine (CP002, CP015, CP016, CP023, CP024)-based. Experiment 1 (Exp. 1) evaluated these biochars at 4.5%, ...
DOI:
10.1139/CJAS-2021-0007

7. Effects of dietary emulsifier and lipid source on broiler meat quality, lipids, and serum antioxidant status

Author:
Karine Isabela Tenório; Cinthia Eyng; Ricardo Vianna Nunes; Jomara Broch; Nilton Rohloff; Cleison de Souza; Vaneila Daniele Lenhardt Savaris; Clauber Polese
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2022 v.102 no.3 pp. 480-489
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
abdominal fat; antioxidants; blood lipids; blood serum; carcass yield; chicken meat; chickens; emulsifiers; lipid composition; low density lipoprotein; meat quality; metabolizable energy; pH; soybean oil; superoxide dismutase; triacylglycerols; water holding capacity
Abstract:
... This study aimed to evaluate the effects of diets containing acid soybean oil (ASO) as a substitute for degummed soybean oil (DSO), with or without an emulsifier, on the serum lipid composition, antioxidant protection, carcass yield, and meat quality of broilers. Seven hundred and four 1-day-old male chicks were distributed in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement (with or without emulsifier × two lipid s ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjas-2020-0142

8. Effects of nutritional management regimen and residual feed intake (RFI) classification on RFI reranking and feeding behaviour for finishing beef steers

Author:
N.N. Ferriman; J.J. Devos; A.M. Edwards; K.M. Wood; C.P. Campbell; I.B. Mandell
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2022 v.102 no.2 pp. 301-316
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
alfalfa; average daily gain; beef; corn silage; diet; dry matter intake; feed conversion; growth performance; pastures
Abstract:
... Over 2 years, 207 steers were fed an alfalfa/corn silage diet to determine growing phase (GP) residual feed intake (RFI) classification (low, medium, and high) for individual cattle. Steers were then allocated to two finishing management regimens (MR): MR 1 cattle gradually adjusted to an 84.7% concentrate (dry matter (DM) basis) diet; MR 2 included backgrounding on pasture before finishing using ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjas-2021-0023

9. Effet du type de stabulation sur le bien-être des vaches laitières en Algérie

Author:
S. Matallah; N. M’Hamdi; F. Matallah; Z. Bounouala
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2022 v.102 no.2 pp. 325-331
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
Holstein; animal welfare; dairy cows; farmers; forage; free stalls; hygiene; thirst; winter; Algeria
Abstract:
... The objective of the present study was to examine the effect of the type of housing on Holstein dairy cow welfare on farms in northeast Algeria in four wilayas on the basis of the Welfare Quality® evaluation protocol for bovines. Therefore, we applied this protocol to 50 dairy farms with free stall housing and 50 dairy farms with tie stall housing. A total of 2200 dairy cows were evaluated during ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjas-2021-0001

10. Efficacy of three heat-stable microbial phytases on growth performance and bone development and strength of broilers fed diets deficient in available phosphorus

Author:
H.S. Solomon; F.A. Adejoro; T.T. Nkukwana
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2022 v.102 no.3 pp. 420-430
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
body weight changes; diet; feed conversion; feed intake; feeds; growth performance; heat stability; phosphorus; phytases; skeletal development; tibia
Abstract:
... A total of 2340 as-hatched Cobb500 chicks were allocated to 9 treatments, each with 13 replicate pens to evaluate the effects of either three phytase enzymes in a P-deficient diet. Starter and finisher diets consisted of a positive control (PC) and negative control 1 and 2 (NC1 and NC2, respectively). The PC, NC1, and NC2 diets had Ca:avP (available phosphorus) ratios of 0.50, 0.33, and 0.43 in th ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjas-2020-0188

11. Electronarcosis protocols in broiler chickens for the halal market

Author:
Gustavo Henrique Joazeiro de Almeida; Claudia Marie Komiyama; Vivian Aparecida Rios de Castilho; Rodrigo Garófallo Garcia; Maria Fernanda de Castro Burbarelli; Jacqueline Rosa Souza; Erique Ferreira Porifio; Bruna de Souza Eberhart
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2022 v.102 no.3 pp. 440-447
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
breasts; consciousness; electronarcosis; experimental design; hemorrhage; males; markets; meat quality; pectoralis muscle; slaughterhouses
Abstract:
... This study considered the parameters of the halal market to evaluate different protocols for broiler electronarcosis regarding time to return of consciousness, bleeding efficiency, and carcass and meat quality at a broiler slaughterhouse. One hundred and eighty-four 43-day-old male broilers of the Cobb® strain were used. The experimental design used was completely randomized with 46 broilers for e ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjas-2021-0082

12. Evaluation of biochar products at two inclusion levels on ruminal in vitro methane production and fermentation parameters in a Timothy hay-based diet

Author:
G. F. Mengistu; T. A. McAllister; P. J. Tamayao; K. H. Ominski; G. O. Ribeiro; E. K. Okine; E. J. McGeough
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2022 v.102 no.2 pp. 396-400
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
Phleum pratense; ammonium nitrogen; animal science; biochar; diet; fermentation; grass hay; methane; methane production; rumen fermentation; volatile fatty acids
Abstract:
... This study evaluated the effects of seven biochar products at two levels of inclusion [2.25% or 4.50% diet dry matter (DM)] on DM disappearance (DMD), cumulative gas and methane (CH₄) production, ammonia-nitrogen, and volatile fatty acid (VFA) production from Timothy grass hay over 48 h of incubation. Biochar did not affect gas and CH₄ production (P ≥ 0.17) nor the DMD or ruminal fermentation (P ≥ ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjas-2021-0069

13. First-service pregnancy rate among beef heifers with different residual feed intake

Author:
Amir Behrouzi; Marcos Colazo; Changxi Li; Carolyn Fitzsimmons
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2022 v.102 no.2 pp. 406-409
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
Angus; backfat; beef; feed conversion; feed intake; pregnancy rate; semen
Abstract:
... The effect of residual feed intake (a measure of feed efficiency) adjusted for backfat thickness (RFIfₐₜ) on pregnancy rate (PR) was examined in Angus heifers over 2 yr. High- or Low-RFI heifers were timed artificially inseminated (TAI) with semen from High- or Low-RFI sires, respectively. There was a negative association (P < 0.05) between RFIfₐₜ value and PR in Year II for Low-RFI heifers. In Ye ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjas-2021-0105

14. Post-hatch changes in the histological structure of the oviduct and associated 17β-estradiol profiles in guinea hens (Numida meleagris)

Author:
Ibn Iddriss Abdul-Rahman; Jane Robinson
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2022 v.102 no.3 pp. 501-508
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
epithelium; estradiol; guineafowl; histology; oviducts
Abstract:
... There are limited data available on the biology of guinea fowls. The objective of this study was to document post-hatch histological and stereological changes in the oviducts of 56 guinea hens and associated 17β-estradiol profiles until 32 weeks of age and to explore changes in the oviducal mucosal fold as an index of oviducal growth. Mucosal folds in all regions of the oviduct increased significa ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjas-2022-0010

15. Providing periodic exercise to stall-housed gestating sows influences only the total number of live-born piglets in older parity sows

Author:
Mariia Tokareva; Jennifer A. Brown; Daniel J. MacPhee; Yolande M. Seddon
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2022 v.102 no.3 pp. 509-517
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
code of practice; exercise; group housing; piglets; pregnancy; reproductive performance
Abstract:
... The 2014 Canadian Pig Code of Practice includes a recommendation to provide stall-housed gestating pigs with periodic exercise. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of periodic exercise on sow performance and placental and piglet characteristics. Sows (n = 180) were assigned to one of three gestation treatments: stall-housed sows (Control: C), stall-housed sows given weekly exer ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjas-2021-0087

16. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the 3′ UTR of follistatin-like 4 and scavenger receptor class B member 1 are associated with Dazu black goat litter size

Author:
Ji-Yuan Zhu; Guang-Xin E; Jia-Bo Wang; Shan-Shan Xu; Xiu-Qin Yang
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2022 v.102 no.3 pp. 473-479
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
animal science; gene expression; genotype; genotyping; goats; litter size; progeny
Abstract:
... The untranslated regions (UTRs) of genes play crucial roles in regulating gene expression at the post-transcriptional level such as affecting mRNA stabilization. In this study, 26 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and one deletion located in UTR were genotyped from 186 Dazu black goats via SNaPshot, and the correlation between genotype and litter size was analyzed. The results indicated that ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjas-2020-0170

17. Supplemental effect of coated refined fish oil on the performance of finishing pigs fed diets containing soybean meal as a partial alternative to barley or wheat feed ingredient

Author:
Sureshkumar Shanmugam; Woo Jeong Seok; Seung Ho Ha; Sung Giu Jin; In Ho Kim
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2022 v.102 no.2 pp. 332-341
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
average daily gain; barley; body weight; diet; digestibility; drip loss; fatty acid composition; feed composition; feed conversion; fish oils; growth performance; meat; meat quality; nitrogen; soybean meal; wheat
Abstract:
... A total of 195 finishing pigs with an average body weight (BW) of 78.65 ± 0.09 kg were assigned to one of three dietary treatments in a 28-d trial. The designated nutritional diets were as follows: CON; TRT1, CON + 0.2% coated refined fish oil; and TRT2, CON + 10% barley + 0.2% coated refined fish oil. The inclusion of coated refined fish oil with the barley-based diet significantly increased BW, ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjas-2021-0057

18. The early story of growth hormone-releasing factor in rats, swine, and cattle

Author:
Jean Morisset
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2022 v.102 no.2 pp. 211-231
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
digestive system; gilts; humans; milk production; pancreatic neoplasms; rats; somatoliberin; steers; California
Abstract:
... Following the discovery of the growth hormone-releasing factor from a human pancreatic tumor by the group of Guillemin at the Salk Institute in California, research on this factor has exploded. This review article is focused on the results obtained early after this discovery and summarizes the biological effects of this releasing factor on the rat digestive system development and above all on pig, ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjas-2021-0044

19. The effects of grinding and pelleting on nutrient composition of Canadian pulses

Author:
Cara L. Cargo-Froom; Rex W. Newkirk; Christopher P.F. Marinangeli; Anna K. Shoveller; Yongfeng Ai; Elijah G. Kiarie; Daniel A. Columbus
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2022 v.102 no.3 pp. 457-472
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
crude protein; cysteine; histidine; ingredients; livestock feeds; lysine; methionine; nutrient content; soybean meal; tyrosine
Abstract:
... Understanding the effects of processing pulses is required for their effective incorporation into livestock feed. To determine the impact of processing, Canadian peas, lentils, chickpeas, and faba beans, plus soybean meal (SBM; as a comparison), were ground into fine and coarse products and pelleted at three different temperatures (60–65, 70–75, and 80–85 °C). Grinding increased crude protein cont ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjas-2021-0111

20. The relationship between udder skin surface temperature and milk production and composition in dairy cattle (Bos taurus Linnaeus, 1758)

Author:
Daniel Zaborski; Maria Soroko-Dubrovina; Wilhelm Grzesiak; Mirosław Parafiniuk; Andrzej Modrzejewski; Oleh Klym; Olha Stadnytska; Jerzy Wójcik
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2022 v.102 no.3 pp. 411-419
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
Holstein; dairy cattle; lipid content; milk yield; protein content; sample size; somatic cell count; surface temperature; thermography; udders; urea
Abstract:
... The aim of the present study was to determine correlations between udder skin surface temperatures and milk yield and estimated composition in dairy cows. The thermographic images of 34 Polish Holstein–Friesian black-and-white cows were taken in a milking parlor before and after milking. Partial correlation coefficients were calculated between the surface temperatures of the udder hind quarters an ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjas-2021-0092