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Carbohydrate polymers
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7988-2012
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carbon
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- Author:
- R. Avolio; I. Bonadies; D. Capitani; M.E. Errico; G. Gentile; M. Avella
- Source:
- Carbohydrate polymers 2012 v.87 no.1 pp. 265-273
- ISSN:
- 0144-8617
- Subject:
- Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; carbon; cellulose; crystal structure; crystallites; milling; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; scanning electron microscopy; stable isotopes; thermal stability
- Abstract:
- ... This paper presents a detailed analysis of effect induced by a dry ball milling process on cellulose structure, morphology and properties. The partial amorphization of cellulose was qualitatively estimated by ATR-FTIR analysis. Through WAXD analysis the crystallinity index and the mean size of the cellulose crystallite domains were calculated, both these parameters showing a progressive decrease a ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.07.047
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.07.047
- Author:
- Shinsuke Ifuku; Masahiro Wada; Minoru Morimoto; Hiroyuki Saimoto
- Source:
- Carbohydrate polymers 2012 v.90 no.2 pp. 1182-1186
- ISSN:
- 0144-8617
- Subject:
- Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; ascorbic acid; carbon; chitosan; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; solubility; solvents; stable isotopes; sulfates; trimethylamine
- Abstract:
- ... A short synthesis of chemoselective chitosan derivatives was achieved by copper-catalyzed Huisgen cycloaddition, which is an ideal reaction for click chemistry, by using N-(4-azidophthaloyl)-chitosan. N-(4-azidophthaloyl)-chitosan was prepared through chemoselective N-bromophthaloylation of chitosan in acidic water and subsequent azidation. The obtained N-(4-bromopthaloyl)-chitosan had higher solu ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.06.074
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.06.074
- Author:
- Ahmed M. Eissa; Ezat Khosravi; A. Levent Cimecioglu
- Source:
- Carbohydrate polymers 2012 v.90 no.2 pp. 859-869
- ISSN:
- 0144-8617
- Subject:
- Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; alkynes; carbon; cellulose; ethylene glycol; hydrophilicity; hydrophobicity; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; polyethylene glycol; polylactic acid; stable isotopes
- Abstract:
- ... This article describes a versatile method for the modification of 2-hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) involving azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction to impart neutral (ester) and ionic (carboxylic acid and 1ʳʸ amine) functionalities. The synthetic approach involved, first the introduction of the azide functionality to HEC and then followed by its cycloaddition reaction with several alkyne terminated com ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.06.012
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.06.012
- Author:
- Jicheng Liu; Yongxu Sun; Lei Liu; Chunlei Yu
- Source:
- Carbohydrate polymers 2012 v.88 no.4 pp. 1299-1303
- ISSN:
- 0144-8617
- Subject:
- Euphorbia fischeriana; Oriental traditional medicine; carbohydrate content; carbon; galactose; gel chromatography; glucose; mannose; methylation; molecular weight; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; oxidation; polysaccharides; rhamnose; roots; stable isotopes
- Abstract:
- ... A water-soluble polysaccharide, designated as EFP-AW1, was isolated from the roots of Euphorbia fischeriana and purified to homogeneity by gel-filtration chromatography. Its carbohydrate content was up to 92.34%, which was composed of glucose (Glc), galactose (Gal), mannose (Man) and rhamnose (Rha) in a molar ratio of 14.1:1.9:2.0:1.9. The molecular weight was evaluated to be 10,830Da as determine ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.02.004
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.02.004
- Author:
- Noreen Grace V. Fundador; Yukiko Enomoto-Rogers; Akio Takemura; Tadahisa Iwata
- Source:
- Carbohydrate polymers 2012 v.87 no.1 pp. 170-176
- ISSN:
- 0144-8617
- Subject:
- Eucalyptus; acetates; acetylation; alkali treatment; carbon; hardwood; kraft pulp; lithium chloride; mechanical properties; nanofibers; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; propionic acid; pyridines; sodium hydroxide; solubility; stable isotopes; thermal stability; xylan
- Abstract:
- ... Alkaline treatment of eucalyptus hardwood kraft pulp with 10% NaOH yielded 6–8% xylan. The acetylation of the extracted xylan was carried in DMAC/LiCl/pyridine system to obtain a series of xylan acetates with different degrees of substitution (DS). Structure elucidation of xylan and xylan acetate was obtained by ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy and other homonuclear and heteronuclear 2D-NMR techniques. ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.07.034
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.07.034
- Author:
- Dianne R. Ruka; George P. Simon; Katherine M. Dean
- Source:
- Carbohydrate polymers 2012 v.89 no.2 pp. 613-622
- ISSN:
- 0144-8617
- Subject:
- Gluconacetobacter xylinus; biodegradability; carbon; cellulose; crystal structure; experimental design; inoculum; mannitol; surface area
- Abstract:
- ... An extensive matrix of different growth conditions including media, incubation time, inoculum volume, surface area and media volume were investigated in order to maximize the yield of bacterial cellulose produced by Gluconacetobacter xylinus, which will be used as reinforcement material to produce fully biodegradable composites. Crystallinity was shown to be controllable depending on the media and ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.03.059
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.03.059
- Author:
- Guang Yang; Jianjian Xie; Feng Hong; Zhangjun Cao; Xuexia Yang
- Source:
- Carbohydrate polymers 2012 v.87 no.1 pp. 839-845
- ISSN:
- 0144-8617
- Subject:
- X-ray diffraction; anti-infective properties; carbon; cellulose; chemical reduction; crystal structure; energy-dispersive X-ray analysis; fermentation; microstructure; nanosilver; nitrogen; particle size; scanning electron microscopy; silver; spectroscopy; transmission electron microscopy
- Abstract:
- ... Bacterial cellulose (BC), a natural nanoporous matrix, was utilized as the template to in situ synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by chemical reduction. Effects of the microstructure of the BC template, produced by different fermentation carbon sources were investigated on the formation of AgNPs. A detailed characterization, e.g. SEM, XRD and nitrogen physisorption for pure BC, and EDX, UV–vi ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.08.079
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.08.079
- Author:
- Audrey M. Faure; Mogens L. Andersen; Laura Nyström
- Source:
- Carbohydrate polymers 2012 v.87 no.3 pp. 2160-2168
- ISSN:
- 0144-8617
- Subject:
- ascorbic acid; beta-glucans; carbon; dimerization; dimethyl sulfoxide; electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy; ethanol; hydroxyl radicals; iron; spin trapping; viscosity
- Abstract:
- ... The formation of hydroxyl radicals in beta-glucan solutions treated with ascorbic acid and iron(II) was demonstrated by ESR spin trapping based methods. Two different spin traps were tested, namely DMPO which is commonly used to detect hydroxyl radicals, and POBN often used to detect carbon centered radicals. The experiments performed showed that the presence of iron(II) with DMPO led to low DMPO– ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.10.045
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.10.045
- Author:
- Yury A. Skorik; Alexander V. Pestov; Mikhail I. Kodess; Yury G. Yatluk
- Source:
- Carbohydrate polymers 2012 v.90 no.2 pp. 1176-1181
- ISSN:
- 0144-8617
- Subject:
- carbon; chitosan; gels; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; stable isotopes; temperature
- Abstract:
- ... This study presents a new approach for direct carboxyalkylation of chitosan in the gel state by using aza-Michael addition and substitution reactions. Various reagents were applied including acrylic and crotonic acids, and α-, β-, γ-, δ-, and ɛ-halocarboxylic acids. The reaction of chitosan with γ- and δ-halocarboxylic acids showed no target product formation either in solution or in the gel state ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.06.072
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.06.072
- Author:
- Sanjay Kumar; Chirag B. Godiya; A.K. Siddhanta
- Source:
- Carbohydrate polymers 2012 v.87 no.2 pp. 1657-1662
- ISSN:
- 0144-8617
- Subject:
- Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Gigartinales; carbon; galactose; iota-carrageenan; macroalgae; molecular weight; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; stable isotopes
- Abstract:
- ... Carrageenan was extracted from the red seaweed Sarconema scinaioides of Indian waters and was characterized. The crude carrageenan as well as its alkali modified derivative was composed of 3,6-anhydro galactose, 6-O-methyl galactose as well as galactose moieties in various proportions. Linkage analysis exhibited that these two carrageenan samples consisted of 4-linked 3,6-anhydrogalactose residue ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.09.062
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.09.062
- Author:
- Jianguo Wang; Chunfeng Guo; Tianli Yue; Yahong Yuan; Xuebo Liu; John F. Kennedy
- Source:
- Carbohydrate polymers 2012 v.88 no.3 pp. 966-972
- ISSN:
- 0144-8617
- Subject:
- DNA; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Ganoderma lucidum; aqueous solutions; carbon; chemical structure; cytotoxicity; electrolytes; gel electrophoresis; genes; glucans; light scattering; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; sodium chloride; sodium hydroxide; stable isotopes; transfection; viscometry; viscosity; zeta potential
- Abstract:
- ... Quaternized Ganoderma lucidum glucans (QGs) were synthesized using 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride (CHPTAC) as the cationic reagent in 1M NaOH aqueous solution at 60°C. The chemical structure and solution properties of QGs were characterized by using elemental analysis, FTIR, ¹³C NMR, laser light scattering, ζ-potential measurement and viscometry. The QG solutions in pure water ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.01.054
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.01.054
12. Chain length distribution and aggregation of branched (1→3)-β-d-glucans from Saccharomyces cerevisae
- Author:
- Fen Qin; Finn L. Aachmann; Bjørn E. Christensen
- Source:
- Carbohydrate polymers 2012 v.90 no.2 pp. 1092-1099
- ISSN:
- 0144-8617
- Subject:
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae; carbon; cell walls; gel chromatography; light scattering; molecular weight; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; peeling; stable isotopes; temperature; tissue repair; titration; viscosity
- Abstract:
- ... Water-soluble (1→3)-β-d-glucans with 1,6-linked branches (SBG), originally isolated from the cell walls of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and partially depolymerised for optimal performance in wound healing applications, were studied by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) with multi-angle laser light scattering (MALLS) detector and a viscosity detector at both high and ambient column temperatures. The s ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.06.048
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.06.048
- Author:
- Xiaojuan Xu; Pan Chen; Lina Zhang; Hitoshi Ashida
- Source:
- Carbohydrate polymers 2012 v.87 no.2 pp. 1855-1862
- ISSN:
- 0144-8617
- Subject:
- Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Lentinula edodes; atomic force microscopy; carbon; chemical structure; dimethyl sulfoxide; dose response; endotoxins; fruiting bodies; glucans; macrophages; molecular weight; nitric oxide; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; sodium hydroxide; stable isotopes; viscometry
- Abstract:
- ... Four glucans (LNT-H, LNT-S, LNT-E, and LNT-B) were successively isolated from the fruiting bodies of Lentinus edodes by hot-water, sonication, enzyme, and NaOH. The chemical structures were characterized by GC, FTIR, and ¹³C NMR, which demonstrated that the four samples are (1→3)-β-d-glucans with (1→6)-glucopyranoside side groups having different molecular weight. The results of viscometry and ato ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.10.015
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.10.015
- Author:
- Ponnurengam Malliappan Sivakumar; Stefania Cometa; Michele Alderighi; Veluchamy Prabhawathi; Mukesh Doble; Federica Chiellini
- Source:
- Carbohydrate polymers 2012 v.87 no.1 pp. 353-360
- ISSN:
- 0144-8617
- Subject:
- Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; adhesion; antibacterial properties; carbon; chalcone; composite polymers; energy-dispersive X-ray analysis; films (materials); hydrophilicity; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; polyurethanes; scanning electron microscopy; stable isotopes; surface roughness
- Abstract:
- ... An antibacterial dimethylamino-chalcone embedded multiblock copolymer (PCL–PEG) was synthesized and characterized using FT-IR, ¹H NMR, SEM and SEC and the compound was characterized using FT-IR, ¹H NMR, and ¹³C NMR. A 10% copolymer composite was prepared and casted as film to be used as a biomaterial and the copolymer films without the compound acted as control. TGA, DSC, AFM, SEM and EDAX analysi ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.07.061
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.07.061
- Author:
- Mohamed E.I. Badawy; Entsar I. Rabea
- Source:
- Carbohydrate polymers 2012 v.87 no.1 pp. 250-256
- ISSN:
- 0144-8617
- Subject:
- Agrobacterium radiobacter; Botrytis cinerea; Pectobacterium carotovorum; Pythium debaryanum; Thanatephorus cucumeris; acetic acid; anti-infective properties; carbon; chemical structure; chitosan; fungi; minimum inhibitory concentration; mycelium; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; plant pathogenic bacteria; sodium hydroxide; stable isotopes
- Abstract:
- ... Water-soluble N-(4-carboxybutyroyl) chitosan derivatives with different degrees of substitution (DS) were synthesized to enhance the antimicrobial activity of chitosan molecule against plant pathogens. Chitosan in a solution of 2% aqueous acetic acid–methanol (1:1, v/v) was reacted with 0.1, 0.3, 0.6 and 1mol of glutaric anhydride to give N-(4-carboxybutyroyl) chitosans at DS of 0.10, 0.25, 0.48 a ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.07.054
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.07.054
- Author:
- Rifat Z. Ahmed; Khaizran Siddiqui; Muhammad Arman; Nuzhat Ahmed
- Source:
- Carbohydrate polymers 2012 v.90 no.1 pp. 441-446
- ISSN:
- 0144-8617
- Subject:
- Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Weissella cibaria; agar; cabbage; carbon; dextran; dextransucrase; exopolysaccharides; glycosidic linkages; molecular weight; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; stable isotopes; sucrose; Pakistan
- Abstract:
- ... Exopolysaccharide (EPS) producing Weissella cibaria CMGDEX3 was isolated from cabbage on sucrose containing De Man, Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) agar. Dextransucrase activity and dextran yield was found to be 7.1DSUml⁻¹ and 2.4gdl⁻¹, respectively. The structural characterization of purified EPS determined by FTIR, ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy demonstrated that W. cibaria CMGDEX3 synthesized a linear dex ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.05.063
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.05.063
- Author:
- Giulia Mollica; Fabio Ziarelli; Stéphane Lack; Florence Brunel; Stéphane Viel
- Source:
- Carbohydrate polymers 2012 v.87 no.1 pp. 383-391
- ISSN:
- 0144-8617
- Subject:
- biomedical materials; calcium; calcium alginate; carbon; cations; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; powders; principal component analysis; screening; stable isotopes
- Abstract:
- ... Three series of 9 insoluble calcium alginate powders with different average calcium contents (1.5, 3.5 and 8%, w/w) are investigated by means of ¹³C solid-state NMR spectroscopy. The effect of the increased calcium content on the determination of the mannuronate (M) to guluronate (G) ratio from spectral deconvolution of the ¹³C CP/MAS spectra is discussed, and the variations observed are commented ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.07.066
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.07.066
- Author:
- Yukiko Enomoto-Rogers; Hiroshi Kamitakahara; Arata Yoshinaga; Toshiyuki Takano
- Source:
- Carbohydrate polymers 2012 v.87 no.3 pp. 2237-2245
- ISSN:
- 0144-8617
- Subject:
- X-ray diffraction; carbon; cellobiose; cellulose; composite polymers; light scattering; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; polymerization; stable isotopes
- Abstract:
- ... Comb-shaped copolymers with cellobiose acetate or cellulose triacetate (CTA) side-chains, PPMA-g-(CTA2-C15) and PPMA-g-(CTA13-C15), were prepared by grafting N-(15-azidopentadecanoyl)-2,3,6-tri-O-acetyl-4-O-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-d-glucopyranosyl)-β-d-glucopyranosylamine (CTA2-C15-N₃) and N-(15-azidopentadecanoyl)-tri-O-acetyl-β-cellulosylamine (CTA13-C15-N₃, number average degree of polymeriza ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.10.055
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.10.055
- Author:
- Jenny Alongi; Merima Poskovic; Visakh P.M.; Alberto Frache; Giulio Malucelli
- Source:
- Carbohydrate polymers 2012 v.88 no.4 pp. 1387-1394
- ISSN:
- 0144-8617
- Subject:
- additives; ammonium polyphosphates; carbon; combustion; cyclodextrins; flame retardants; flammability; foaming; melting; phosphoric acid; phosphorus; polyamides; polyethylene; polypropylenes; temperature; thermal stability; water vapor
- Abstract:
- ... Novel green flame retardant systems based on a complex of cyclodextrin nanosponges and phosphorus derivatives (namely, triethylphosphate and ammonium polyphosphate) have been prepared. The above additives have been subsequently melt compounded with polypropylene, linear low density polyethylene or polyamide 6 in order to improve the thermal stability of the latter polymers and their flame retardan ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.02.038
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.02.038
- Author:
- Christopher Mutungi; Lars Passauer; Calvin Onyango; Doris Jaros; Harald Rohm
- Source:
- Carbohydrate polymers 2012 v.87 no.1 pp. 598-606
- ISSN:
- 0144-8617
- Subject:
- Raman spectroscopy; X-ray diffraction; alpha-amylase; carbon; cassava starch; crystal structure; freeze drying; gelatinization; glucan 1,4-alpha-glucosidase; hot water treatment; hydrolysis; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; rapid methods; stable isotopes; starch
- Abstract:
- ... Because starch crystallinity influences the physical, mechanical, and technological aspects of numerous starch-based products during production and storage, rapid techniques for its assessment are vital. Samples of different levels of crystallinity were obtained by debranching gelatinized cassava starch, followed by subjection to various hydrothermal treatments. The recrystallized products were fu ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.08.032
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.08.032
- Author:
- A. Flores-Morales; M. Jiménez-Estrada; R. Mora-Escobedo
- Source:
- Carbohydrate polymers 2012 v.87 no.1 pp. 61-68
- ISSN:
- 0144-8617
- Subject:
- Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; amylopectin; amylose; carbon; corn starch; crystal structure; glucose; glycosidic linkages; nixtamalization; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; polymerization; refrigeration; resistant starch; retrogradation; stable isotopes; tortillas
- Abstract:
- ... The nixtamalization, production and storage of tortillas in refrigeration cause several changes on the starch structure, resulting in an increased crystallinity and therefore a higher content of resistant starch. The IR analysis for resistant starch (RS) showed a band at 1047cm⁻¹ associated to the retrogradation process; this band was due to the weakening of the intermolecular H-bonds. These assoc ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.07.011
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.07.011
- Author:
- F.R. Smiderle; L.M. Olsen; A.C. Ruthes; P.A. Czelusniak; A.P. Santana-Filho; G.L. Sassaki; P.A.J. Gorin; M. Iacomini
- Source:
- Carbohydrate polymers 2012 v.87 no.1 pp. 368-376
- ISSN:
- 0144-8617
- Subject:
- Pleurotus pulmonarius; arabinose; biomass; biotechnology; carbon; culture media; essential amino acids; exopolysaccharides; galactose; glucans; glucose; medicinal properties; mushroom growing; mushrooms; mycelium; nutrient content; nutritive value; proteins; unsaturated fatty acids; xylose
- Abstract:
- ... For many years mushrooms have been consumed and appreciated by their nutritional value, and medicinal properties. The traditional mushroom cultivation takes too long and the macrofungi biotechnology has not been explored in its full potential yet. The goal of this work was to observe if different carbon sources could improve the yield and diversify fungi nutrient composition in submerged culture. ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.07.063
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.07.063
- Author:
- Tetsuya Mori; Eisuke Chikayama; Yuuri Tsuboi; Nobuhiro Ishida; Noriko Shisa; Yoshiyuki Noritake; Shigeharu Moriya; Jun Kikuchi
- Source:
- Carbohydrate polymers 2012 v.90 no.3 pp. 1197-1203
- ISSN:
- 0144-8617
- Subject:
- carbon; cellulose; computer simulation; hydrophilicity; ionic liquids; isotope labeling; molecular dynamics; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; stable isotopes
- Abstract:
- ... ¹³C-labeled amorphous cellulose and ¹³C NMR chemical shifts by 2D ¹³C–¹³C correlation spectroscopy were obtained in the regenerated solid-state from ionic liquids. On the basis of the assigned chemical shifts, combined with information from molecular dynamics and quantum chemistry computer simulations a twisted structure for amorphous cellulose is proposed exposing more hydrophilic surface than th ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.06.027
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.06.027
- Author:
- San-Lang Wang; Chin-Pei Liu; Tzu-Wen Liang
- Source:
- Carbohydrate polymers 2012 v.90 no.3 pp. 1305-1313
- ISSN:
- 0144-8617
- Subject:
- Bacillus cereus; carbon; chitin; chitinase; chitooligosaccharides; chitosan; head; hydrolysates; matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization mass spectrometry; molecular weight; nitrogen; octoxynol; polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; polymerization; polysorbates; shrimp; surfactants
- Abstract:
- ... Two chitinases, Chi I and Chi II, were purified from the culture supernatant of Bacillus cereus TKU027 with shrimp head powder (SHP) as the sole carbon/nitrogen source. The molecular masses of Chi I and Chi II determined using SDS–PAGE were approximately 65kDa and 63kDa, respectively. Chi I toward various surfactants showed high stability, such as SDS, Tween 20, Tween 40 and Triton X-100, and thes ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.06.077
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.06.077
- Author:
- Iman Kavianinia; Paul G. Plieger; Nadia G. Kandile; David R.K. Harding
- Source:
- Carbohydrate polymers 2012 v.90 no.2 pp. 875-886
- ISSN:
- 0144-8617
- Subject:
- Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; X-radiation; X-ray diffraction; adsorbents; aqueous solutions; biomass; biosorbents; biosorption; carbon; chitosan; copper; crosslinking; hydrocolloids; ions; models; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; scanning electron microscopy; stable isotopes; thermal stability; thermogravimetry; wastewater
- Abstract:
- ... A new efficient, low cost chitosan based biosorbent was successfully prepared and employed for the biosorption of copper ions from an aqueous solution using a fixed bed column. Pyromellitic dianhydride crosslinked chitosan as the new adsorbent was characterized by SEM, FTIR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis and solid state ¹³C NMR analysis. Scanning electron microscopy co ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.06.014
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.06.014
- Author:
- Mahesh U. Chhatbar; Chirag B. Godiya; A.K. Siddhanta
- Source:
- Carbohydrate polymers 2012 v.88 no.3 pp. 1118-1123
- ISSN:
- 0144-8617
- Subject:
- Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; X-ray diffraction; agarose; carbon; crystal structure; food additives; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; physicochemical properties; stable isotopes; sucrose; taste sensitivity
- Abstract:
- ... A water-soluble agarose-saccharate (AGS) was synthesized in situ. AGS was characterized by FT-IR, ¹³C NMR, UV–vis and CD-ORD spectra, X-ray diffraction (crystallinity index=0.45) as well as by studies of physicochemical properties. The product in 150ppm solution was sweeter than sucrose although significantly less sweet than pure sodium saccharate (SA). In 675ppm solutions or in the solid state AG ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.01.086
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.01.086
- Author:
- Abdulhadi Aljawish; Isabelle Chevalot; Bernadette Piffaut; Corinne Rondeau-Mouro; Michel Girardin; Jordane Jasniewski; Joël Scher; Lionel Muniglia
- Source:
- Carbohydrate polymers 2012 v.87 no.1 pp. 537-544
- ISSN:
- 0144-8617
- Subject:
- Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; absorbance; antioxidant activity; biocatalysts; carbon; chitosan; color; ferulic acid; laccase; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; oxidation; pH; phosphates; schiff bases; stable isotopes
- Abstract:
- ... Chitosan particles were functionalized with ferulic acid (FA) and ethyl ferulate (EF) as substrates using laccase from Myceliophtora thermophyla as biocatalyst. The reactions were performed with chitosan particles under an eco-friendly procedure, in a heterogeneous system at 30°C, in phosphate buffer (50mM, pH 7.5). The FA-chitosan derivative presented an intense yellow-orange color stable while t ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.08.016
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.08.016
28. Homogeneous grafting poly (methyl methacrylate) on cellulose by atom transfer radical polymerization
- Author:
- Jin-Feng Zhong; Xin-Sheng Chai; Shi-Yu Fu
- Source:
- Carbohydrate polymers 2012 v.87 no.2 pp. 1869-1873
- ISSN:
- 0144-8617
- Subject:
- Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; carbon; cellulose; composite polymers; gas chromatography; gel chromatography; headspace analysis; molecular weight; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; polymerization; polymethylmethacrylate; solvents; stable isotopes; temperature
- Abstract:
- ... Methyl methacrylate (MMA) was homogeneous-grafted on a cellulose based macro-initiator, cellulose chloroacetyl chloride by the atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) at a mild reaction temperature. The synthesized cellulose graft copolymers were characterized by FT-IR, ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR spectroscopies. The linear first-order kinetics of monomer conversion was determined by headspace gas chro ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.07.037
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.07.037
- Author:
- Flemming H. Larsen; Michael Schöbitz; Jens Schaller
- Source:
- Carbohydrate polymers 2012 v.89 no.2 pp. 640-647
- ISSN:
- 0144-8617
- Subject:
- carbon; cellulose; deuterium; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; polymers; stable isotopes
- Abstract:
- ... The hydration properties of 2,3-O-hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC) and 2,3-O-hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) were analyzed by multi-nuclear solid-state MAS NMR spectroscopy. By ¹³C single-pulse (SP) MAS and cross-polarization (CP) MAS NMR, differences between the immobile regions and all parts of the polysaccharides were detected as a function of hydration. Complementary information about the water enviro ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.03.067
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.03.067
30. In vitro prebiotic evaluation of exopolysaccharides produced by marine isolated lactic acid bacteria
- Author:
- Tipparat Hongpattarakere; Nantina Cherntong; Santad Wichienchot; Sofia Kolida; Robert A. Rastall
- Source:
- Carbohydrate polymers 2012 v.87 no.1 pp. 846-852
- ISSN:
- 0144-8617
- Subject:
- Bifidobacterium bifidum; Lactobacillus acidophilus; Lactobacillus plantarum; Pediococcus pentosaceus; Weissella cibaria; Weissella confusa; acetates; butyrates; carbon; colon; exopolysaccharides; fermentation; humans; interleukins; lactic acid bacteria; mixed culture; models; nucleotide sequences; prebiotics; propionic acid; ribosomal DNA; secretion; sucrose; yields
- Abstract:
- ... Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) selected based on high EPSs production yields of 14, 7.6, 4.9 and 5g/L in sucrose containing MRS broth were identified as Weissella cibaria, Weissella confusa, Lactobacillus plantarum and Pediococcus pentosaceus, respectively based on their 16S rDNA sequences. EPSs produced by these strains did not stimulate secretion of interleukin (IL)-8, and were resistant to stomach ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.08.085
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.08.085
- Author:
- Aldona Krupska; Andrzej B. Więckowski; Lucyna Słomińska; Leszek Jarosławski; Roman Zielonka
- Source:
- Carbohydrate polymers 2012 v.89 no.1 pp. 54-60
- ISSN:
- 0144-8617
- Subject:
- carbon; electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy; free radicals; glucose; oxygen; polymers; potato starch; pressure treatment; starch; temperature
- Abstract:
- ... The influence of heating time and pressurizing time under pressure of 1GPa on radicals generation in potato starch polymer was investigated by EPR. Potato starch was heated at two temperatures: 413±2K (140°C) and 473±2K (200°C) for 15, 30, 60, 120, 180, 240, 270 and 300min and subdued to pressurizing under pressure of 1±0.002GPa for 6, 60, 300 and 1440min. In starch heated at 413K (140°C) a decrea ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.02.037
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.02.037
- Author:
- De-tao Liu; Kun-feng Xia; Wei-hua Cai; Ren-dang Yang; Li-qin Wang; Bin Wang
- Source:
- Carbohydrate polymers 2012 v.87 no.2 pp. 1058-1064
- ISSN:
- 0144-8617
- Subject:
- X-ray diffraction; alkalinity; carbon; cellulose; crystallites; ionic liquids; sodium hydroxide; solubility; thermal stability
- Abstract:
- ... In this work, the 1-allyl-3-alkylimidazolium chloride ionic liquids were synthesized and characterized by increasing carbon atoms (n≤6) of alkyl chains on a cationic 3-imidazole ring. The results indicated that 1-allyl-3-alkylimidazolium chloride with asymmetrical structure on the two sides of a cationic 3-imidazole ring (i.e., n=1, 2, 6) exhibited alkalinity and lower thermal stabilities, and sho ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.08.026
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.08.026
- Author:
- Jing Bian; Feng Peng; Xiao-Peng Peng; Feng Xu; Run-Cang Sun; John F. Kennedy
- Source:
- Carbohydrate polymers 2012 v.88 no.2 pp. 638-645
- ISSN:
- 0144-8617
- Subject:
- Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; carbon; chemical composition; hemicellulose; molecular weight; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; polymers; population; potassium hydroxide; stable isotopes; sugarcane bagasse; temperature; thermal stability
- Abstract:
- ... Seven hemicellulosic fractions were extracted with 10% KOH from delignified sugarcane bagasse for 10h at 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, and 50°C, respectively. Chemical composition and structural features of all the fractions were investigated by a combination of HPAEC, GPC, FT-IR, 1D (¹H, ¹³C) and 2D (HSQC) NMR spectra, and TGA-DTA. Notable differences in the molecular weights were observed that the fra ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.01.010
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.01.010
34. Layer by Layer ammonium polyphosphate-based coatings for flame retardancy of polyester–cotton blends
- Author:
- Federico Carosio; Jenny Alongi; Giulio Malucelli
- Source:
- Carbohydrate polymers 2012 v.88 no.4 pp. 1460-1469
- ISSN:
- 0144-8617
- Subject:
- air; ammonium polyphosphates; calorimeters; carbon; carbonization; chitosan; coatings; flame retardants; flammability; foaming; heat; mechanism of action; nanoparticles; phosphoric acid; polymers; silica; temperature; thermal stability
- Abstract:
- ... Ammonium polyphosphate (APP)-based coatings have been prepared through Layer by Layer deposition, in order to enhance the thermal stability in air and the flame retardancy properties of polyester–cotton blends. To this aim, two different counterparts, i.e. chitosan molecules and silica nanoparticles, have been coupled with APP. These species have been selected in order to prepare two novel flame r ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.02.049
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.02.049
- Author:
- Veena Vijan; Santanu Kaity; Soumen Biswas; Jinu Isaac; Animesh Ghosh
- Source:
- Carbohydrate polymers 2012 v.90 no.1 pp. 496-506
- ISSN:
- 0144-8617
- Subject:
- Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; acrylamides; acute toxicity; carbon; composite polymers; dietary exposure; drug delivery systems; guidelines; in vitro studies; metformin; methanol; microwave radiation; microwave treatment; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; polymerization; scanning electron microscopy; stable isotopes; viscosity
- Abstract:
- ... The synthesis of acrylamide-grafted-gellan gum was carried out by microwave-assisted free radical polymerization using cerric ammonium nitrate (CAN) as redox initiator. A series of graft copolymers, varying in amount of acrylamide, CAN and microwave irradiation time was prepared. The modified gum was extracted with 20% (v/v) methanol to remove the homopolymer formed during polymerization reaction. ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.05.071
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.05.071
- Author:
- Meng-Hsuan Hsiao; Tsan-Hua Tung; Chi-Sheng Hsiao; Dean-Mo Liu
- Source:
- Carbohydrate polymers 2012 v.89 no.2 pp. 632-639
- ISSN:
- 0144-8617
- Subject:
- Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; X-ray diffraction; carbon; chemical composition; chemical structure; chitosan; drugs; encapsulation; light scattering; nanoparticles; scanning electron microscopy; stable isotopes; transmission electron microscopy
- Abstract:
- ... Silane-modified amphiphilic chitosan was synthesized by anchoring a silane coupling agent, (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane, to a novel amphiphilic carboxymethyl-hexanoyl chitosan (CHC). The chemical structure of this new organic–inorganic hybrid molecule was characterized by FTIR and ¹³C-, ²⁹Si-nuclear magnetic resonance, while the structural evolution was examined using scanning electron microscop ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.03.066
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.03.066
- Author:
- Ren Junli; Peng Xinwen; Zhong Linxin; Peng Feng; Sun Runcang
- Source:
- Carbohydrate polymers 2012 v.89 no.1 pp. 152-157
- ISSN:
- 0144-8617
- Subject:
- Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; carbon; catalysts; ethanol; hemicellulose; hydrophobicity; industry; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; sodium hydroxide; stable isotopes; temperature; thermal stability; wheat straw
- Abstract:
- ... Novel hydrophobic hemicelluloses possessing hydrophobic groups were prepared by the benzylation of wheat straw hemicelluloses with benzyl chloride under the presence of catalyst in an ethanol/water system. In particular, the progress of the benzylation reaction was studied as a function of the volume ratio of ethanol/water from 4:1 to 6:4, the molar ratio of NaOH/anhydroxylose unit in hemicellulos ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.02.064
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.02.064
- Author:
- Ran Li; Lina Zhang; Min Xu
- Source:
- Carbohydrate polymers 2012 v.87 no.1 pp. 95-100
- ISSN:
- 0144-8617
- Subject:
- X-ray diffraction; carbon; cellulose; coagulation; hydrogen bonding; industry; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; scanning electron microscopy; sodium hydroxide; stable isotopes; sulfuric acid; tensile strength; urea; water temperature
- Abstract:
- ... Regenerated films were successfully prepared from cellulose/NaOH/urea solution by coagulating with water at temperature from 25 to 45°C. The results of solid ¹³C NMR, wide angle X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and tensile testing revealed that the cellulose films possessed homogeneous structure and cellulose II crystalline, similar to that prepared previously by coagulating w ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.07.023
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.07.023
- Author:
- Haneef Ur Rehman; Shah Ali Ul Qader; Afsheen Aman
- Source:
- Carbohydrate polymers 2012 v.90 no.1 pp. 387-391
- ISSN:
- 0144-8617
- Subject:
- Bacillus licheniformis; apples; batch fermentation; carbon; fruit juices; fruits; industrial wastes; nitrogen; pH; pectins; polygalacturonase; ribosomal DNA; soil; soil bacteria; vegetables; viscosity; wheat bran; yeast extract
- Abstract:
- ... Polygalacturonase is an enzyme that hydrolyzes external and internal α (1–4) glycosidic bonds of pectin to decrease the viscosity of fruits juices and vegetable purees. Several bacterial strains were isolated from soil and rotten vegetables and screened for polygalacturonase production. The strain which produced maximum polygalacturonase was identified Bacillus licheniformis on the basis of taxono ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.05.055
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.05.055
- Author:
- Lihong Fan; Mi Cao; Song Gao; Weiping Wang; Kai Peng; Chang Tan; Feng Wen; Shengxiang Tao; Weiguo Xie
- Source:
- Carbohydrate polymers 2012 v.88 no.2 pp. 707-712
- ISSN:
- 0144-8617
- Subject:
- Bacillus subtilis; Escherichia coli; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Staphylococcus aureus; absorption; anti-infective properties; bacteria; carbon; chemical structure; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; pectins; sodium hydroxide; stable isotopes; temperature
- Abstract:
- ... Cationic derivatives of pectin were prepared by reacting pectin with 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride (CHPTAC) in presence of sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The chemical structures of derivative were characterized by using elemental analysis, FT-IR, and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy. The results revealed that the degree of substitution (DS) of quaternized pectin (QP) could be controlled by adju ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.01.021
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.01.021
- Author:
- D. Yang; V. Kumar
- Source:
- Carbohydrate polymers 2012 v.90 no.4 pp. 1486-1493
- ISSN:
- 0144-8617
- Subject:
- Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; X-radiation; ambient temperature; carbon; catalysts; cellulose acetate; methanol; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; polymers; powders; solubility; solvents; sorption isotherms; stable isotopes; viscosity
- Abstract:
- ... In this paper, we report the preparation of oxidized cellulose acetate methyl esters (OCAM) from OCA (OC14A: carboxylic acid content 10.6% (w/w), degree of acetyl group substitution: 1.89; OC21A: carboxylic acid content 15.7% (w/w), degree of acetyl group substitution: 1.70) by treatment with methanol at room temperature using 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) as a catalyst and dicyclohexylcarbodiimi ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.07.019
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.07.019
- Author:
- Liuchun Zheng; Chaofei Zhu; Zhi Dang; Hui Zhang; Xiaoyun Yi; Congqiang Liu
- Source:
- Carbohydrate polymers 2012 v.90 no.2 pp. 1008-1015
- ISSN:
- 0144-8617
- Subject:
- X-ray diffraction; adsorbents; adsorption; aqueous solutions; cadmium; carbon; cellulose; corn stover; crystal structure; energy; ions; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; scanning electron microscopes; sorption isotherms; stable isotopes
- Abstract:
- ... Cellulose was isolated from corn stalk and modified by graft copolymerization to produce an absorbent material (AGCS-cell), which was characterized by scanning electron microscope and energy disperse spectroscopy (SEM–EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and solid-state CP/MAS ¹³C NMR. The results showed that AGCS-cell had better adsorption potential for cadmium ion than unmodified cellulose because of t ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.06.035
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.06.035
- Author:
- Gao Shanshan; Wang Jianqing; Jin Zhengwei
- Source:
- Carbohydrate polymers 2012 v.87 no.2 pp. 1020-1025
- ISSN:
- 0144-8617
- Subject:
- Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; X-ray diffraction; carbon; cellulose; crystal structure; erythrocytes; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; scanning electron microscopes; scanning electron microscopy; solubility; stable isotopes; thermal stability; thermogravimetry
- Abstract:
- ... Bacterial cellulose (BC) was dissolved in N-methylmorpholine N-oxide (NMMO) to prepare regenerated BC films (RBC) with phase inversion. The solubility of BC, supermolecule on structure, morphology, thermal and physical properties of the films were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), solid-state cross polarization/magic angle spinning ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance (CP/ ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.06.040
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.06.040
- Author:
- Yue Wu
- Source:
- Carbohydrate polymers 2012 v.89 no.2 pp. 709-712
- ISSN:
- 0144-8617
- Subject:
- Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; antioxidant activity; carbon; chemical structure; free radical scavengers; hyaluronic acid; molecular weight; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; ozonation; stable isotopes; tissue repair
- Abstract:
- ... Recently, low-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid has been reported to have novel features, such as free radical scavenging activities, antioxidant activities, promotion of excisional wound healing, etc. In the present work, degradation of native hyaluronic acid by ozone treatment was performed for preparation of low-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid. The molecular weight of native hyaluronic acid was ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.03.081
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.03.081
- Author:
- Jianhong Yang; Jun Cai; Ying Hu; Dinglong Li; Yumin Du
- Source:
- Carbohydrate polymers 2012 v.87 no.1 pp. 202-209
- ISSN:
- 0144-8617
- Subject:
- Aspergillus niger; Escherichia coli; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Staphylococcus aureus; anti-infective properties; bacteria; carbon; chitosan; gel chromatography; minimum inhibitory concentration; molecular weight; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; pH; sodium acetate; stable isotopes
- Abstract:
- ... 6-Amino-6-deoxychitosans with molecular weights from 0.23×10⁴ to 1.41×10⁴ and degree of substitution from 0.85 to 0.96 were prepared via N-phthaloylation, tosylation, azidation, hydrazinolysis and reduction of azide groups. Their structures were characterized by FT-IR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and elemental analysis. The antimicrobial activities of 6-amino-6-deoxychitos ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.07.039
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.07.039
- Author:
- Ting Wang; Hongping Yin; Wenyi Wang; Min Wang
- Source:
- Carbohydrate polymers 2012 v.87 no.3 pp. 1913-1918
- ISSN:
- 0144-8617
- Subject:
- Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Western blotting; absorption; carbon; computers; fibroblast growth factor 2; glucans; in vitro studies; mitogen-activated protein kinase; models; molecular weight; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; phosphorylation; prediction; signal transduction; stable isotopes; sulfates
- Abstract:
- ... Four derivatives (PSC, PSC1, PMC and PMC1) with different substitution were prepared from β-(1→3)-d-glucan or carboxymethyl glucan using modified Wolfrom's method and characterized by homogeneity analysis, molecular weight analysis and elemental analysis. The structure of PSC was confirmed by FTIR and ¹³C NMR. FTIR spectrum of PSC showed the characteristic absorptions of sulfate ester bonds at 807 ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.09.083
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.09.083
- Author:
- An-qiang Zhang; Nan-nan Xiao; Ying-lin Deng; Peng-fei He; Pei-long Sun
- Source:
- Carbohydrate polymers 2012 v.87 no.3 pp. 2279-2283
- ISSN:
- 0144-8617
- Subject:
- Flammulina velutipes; boiling; carbon; fruiting bodies; fucose; galactose; glucose; high performance liquid chromatography; mannose; methylation; molecular weight; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; polysaccharides; stable isotopes
- Abstract:
- ... A novel water-soluble heteropolysaccharide FVP60-B was extracted from the fruiting bodies of Flammulina velutipes with boiling water and purified by Sephacryl S-300 and S-400, which molecular weight was estimated to be 1.3×10⁴Da by HPLC. It is composed of l-fucose, d-mannose, d-glucose and d-galactose in a ratio of 1.16:0.82:1.00:3.08. Sugar analysis, methylation analysis together with ¹H, ¹³C and ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.10.061
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.10.061
- Author:
- Jun-Yi Yin; Ben Chung-Lap Chan; Hua Yu; Iris Yuen-Kam Lau; Xiao-Qiang Han; Sau-Wan Cheng; Chun-Kwok Wong; Clara Bik-San Lau; Ming-Yong Xie; Kwok-Pui Fung; Ping-Chung Leung; Quan-Bin Han
- Source:
- Carbohydrate polymers 2012 v.87 no.1 pp. 667-675
- ISSN:
- 0144-8617
- Subject:
- Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; acid hydrolysis; carbon; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; humans; interleukins; methylation; molecular weight; mononuclear leukocytes; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; polysaccharides; scanning electron microscopy; stable isotopes
- Abstract:
- ... A water soluble polysaccharide (RAP) was isolated and purified from Radix Astragali and its structure was elucidated by monosaccharide composition, partial acid hydrolysis and methylation analysis, and further supported by FT-IR, GC–MS and ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectra, SEM and AFM microscopy. Its average molecular weight was 1334kDa. It was composed of Rha, Ara, Glc, Gal and GalA in a molar ratio of 0.0 ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.08.045
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.08.045
- Author:
- Carmen-Mihaela Popescu; Per Tomas Larsson; Nicolae Olaru; Cornelia Vasile
- Source:
- Carbohydrate polymers 2012 v.88 no.2 pp. 530-536
- ISSN:
- 0144-8617
- Subject:
- Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; X-ray diffraction; acetic anhydride; acetylation; bleached kraft pulp; carbon; catalysts; cellulose; deformation; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; physical properties; spectral analysis; stable isotopes; sulfuric acid
- Abstract:
- ... The unbleached and bleached kraft pulp samples were partial acetylated by heterogenous acetylation method using acetic anhydride in the presence of sulfuric acid as a catalyst, to modify their physical properties. The overall degree of acetylation varied from 0 to 1.04 and 0.82 by changing the time of reaction up to 24h. The characterization of acetylated kraft pulp samples, by solid-state CP/MAS ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.12.046
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.12.046
- Author:
- Muhammad Arman; Shah Ali Ul Qader
- Source:
- Carbohydrate polymers 2012 v.88 no.4 pp. 1264-1271
- ISSN:
- 0144-8617
- Subject:
- Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Hypnea; carbon; chickpeas; cotyledons; elicitors; galactose; gel chromatography; kappa carrageenan; molecular weight; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; peas; phytoalexins; stable isotopes; sugar content; sulfates; uronic acids
- Abstract:
- ... High molecular weight crude and purified polysaccharide fractions obtained from Hypnea musciformis, red algae were evaluated for their elicitor activity in terms of induced browning and phytoalexins production in the cotyledons of Chickpea and Peas. Intense browning was performed from purified fraction of algae that was extracted with water, dilute alkali and acid for elicitor preparations and max ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.02.003
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.02.003