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1. Adiponectin as a tissue regenerating hormone: more than a metabolic function

Author:
Fiaschi, Tania; Magherini, Francesca; Gamberi, Tania; Modesti, Pietro Amedeo; Modesti, Alessandra
Source:
Cellular and molecular life sciences 2014 v.71 no.10 pp. 1917-1925
ISSN:
1420-682X
Subject:
adiponectin; beta oxidation; gluconeogenesis; glycemic control; homeostasis; inflammation; liver; muscle development; muscles; proteolysis; skeletal muscle; stem cells; tissue repair
Abstract:
... The great interest that scientists have for adiponectin is primarily due to its central metabolic role. Indeed, the major function of this adipokine is the control of glucose homeostasis that it exerts regulating liver and muscle metabolism. Adiponectin has insulin-sensitizing action and leads to down-regulation of hepatic gluconeogenesis and an increase of fatty acid oxidation. In addition, adipo ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00018-013-1537-4

2. BAG-6, a jack of all trades in health and disease

Author:
Binici, Janina; Koch, Joachim
Source:
Cellular and molecular life sciences 2014 v.71 no.10 pp. 1829-1837
ISSN:
1420-682X
Subject:
antigens; apoptosis; cytotoxicity; dendritic cells; exosomes; immune response; loci; macrophages; major histocompatibility complex; natural killer cells; plasma membrane; pro-apoptotic proteins; protein degradation; protein synthesis; proteins; quality control
Abstract:
... BCL2-associated athanogene 6 (BAG-6) (also Bat-3/Scythe) was discovered as a gene product of the major histocompatibility complex class III locus. The Xenopus ortholog Scythe was first identified to act as an anti-apoptotic protein. Subsequent studies unraveled that the large BAG-6 protein contributes to a number of cellular processes, including apoptosis, gene regulation, protein synthesis, prote ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00018-013-1522-y

3. Cellular maintenance of nuclear protein homeostasis

Author:
Gallagher, Pamela S.; Oeser, Michelle L.; Abraham, Ayelet-chen; Kaganovich, Daniel; Gardner, Richard G.
Source:
Cellular and molecular life sciences 2014 v.71 no.10 pp. 1865-1879
ISSN:
1420-682X
Subject:
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; homeostasis; humans; protein deposition; proteins
Abstract:
... The accumulation and aggregation of misfolded proteins is the primary hallmark for more than 45 human degenerative diseases. These devastating disorders include Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, Huntington’s, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Over 15 degenerative diseases are associated with the aggregation of misfolded proteins specifically in the nucleus of cells. However, how the cell safeguards the n ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00018-013-1530-y
PubMed:
24305949
PubMed Central:
PMC3999211

4. Epigenetic regulation of ASC/TMS1 expression: potential role in apoptosis and inflammasome function

Author:
Salminen, Antero; Kauppinen, Anu; Hiltunen, Mikko; Kaarniranta, Kai
Source:
Cellular and molecular life sciences 2014 v.71 no.10 pp. 1855-1864
ISSN:
1420-682X
Subject:
apoptosis; carcinogenesis; epigenetics; genes; genomic islands; inflammation; methylation; neoplasms; proteins
Abstract:
... Cloning studies have revealed that the apoptosis-associated speck-like protein possessing a caspase-recruiting domain (ASC) and the target of methylation-induced silencing-1 (TMS) are identical proteins. ASC/TMS1 is a bipartite adaptor protein containing the N-terminal pyrin domain and the C-terminal caspase-recruitment domain. There is abundant literature on ASC/TMS1, mostly under the name TMS1, ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00018-013-1524-9

5. Genetic dissection of dendritic cell homeostasis and function: lessons from cell type-specific gene ablation

Author:
Karmaus, Peer W. F.; Chi, Hongbo
Source:
Cellular and molecular life sciences 2014 v.71 no.10 pp. 1893-1906
ISSN:
1420-682X
Subject:
antigen presentation; cytokines; dendritic cells; gene deletion; genes; homeostasis; immune response; longevity
Abstract:
... Dendritic cells (DCs) are a heterogeneous cell population of great importance in the immune system. The emergence of new genetic technology utilizing the CD11c promoter and Cre recombinase has facilitated the dissection of functional significance and molecular regulation of DCs in immune responses and homeostasis in vivo. For the first time, this strategy allows observation of the effects of DC-sp ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00018-013-1534-7
PubMed:
24366237
PubMed Central:
PMC3999183

6. Glutamate transporters in the biology of malignant gliomas

Author:
Robert, Stephanie M.; Sontheimer, Harald
Source:
Cellular and molecular life sciences 2014 v.71 no.10 pp. 1839-1854
ISSN:
1420-682X
Subject:
amino acid transporters; brain; glutamic acid; homeostasis; neoplasms; patients; prognosis
Abstract:
... Malignant gliomas are relentless tumors that offer a dismal clinical prognosis. They develop many biological advantages that allow them to grow and survive in the unique environment of the brain. The glutamate transporters system xc⁻and excitatory amino acid transporters (EAAT) are emerging as key players in the biology and malignancy of these tumors. Gliomas manipulate glutamate transporter expre ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00018-013-1521-z
PubMed:
24281762
PubMed Central:
PMC3999209

7. Hemoglobin as a source of iron overload in multiple sclerosis: does multiple sclerosis share risk factors with vascular disorders?

Author:
Bamm, Vladimir V.; Harauz, George
Source:
Cellular and molecular life sciences 2014 v.71 no.10 pp. 1789-1798
ISSN:
1420-682X
Subject:
cardiovascular diseases; central nervous system; hemoglobin; iron; iron overload; oxidative stress; pathogenesis; patients; risk factors; sclerosis
Abstract:
... Although iron is known to be essential for the normal development and health of the central nervous system, abnormal iron deposits are found in and around multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions that themselves are closely associated with the cerebral vasculature. However, the origin of this excess iron is unknown, and it is not clear whether this is one of the primary causative events in the pathogenesis ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00018-014-1570-y

8. Initiation of mRNA decay in bacteria

Author:
Laalami, Soumaya; Zig, Léna; Putzer, Harald
Source:
Cellular and molecular life sciences 2014 v.71 no.10 pp. 1799-1828
ISSN:
1420-682X
Subject:
Escherichia coli; bacteria; convergent evolution; gene expression; messenger RNA; metabolism; models; ribonucleases; translation (genetics)
Abstract:
... The instability of messenger RNA is fundamental to the control of gene expression. In bacteria, mRNA degradation generally follows an “all-or-none” pattern. This implies that if control is to be efficient, it must occur at the initiating (and presumably rate-limiting) step of the degradation process. Studies of E. coli and B. subtilis, species separated by 3 billion years of evolution, have reveal ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00018-013-1472-4
PubMed:
24064983
PubMed Central:
PMC3997798

9. Phenotype and regulation of immunosuppressive Vδ2-expressing γδ T cells

Author:
Peters, Christian; Oberg, Hans-Heinrich; Kabelitz, Dieter; Wesch, Daniela
Source:
Cellular and molecular life sciences 2014 v.71 no.10 pp. 1943-1960
ISSN:
1420-682X
Subject:
T-lymphocytes; Toll-like receptor 2; cell proliferation; coculture; cytotoxicity; gene expression; gene expression regulation; interleukin-2; ligands; mitogen-activated protein kinase; phenotype; phosphorylation; pretreatment; transcription factor NF-kappa B
Abstract:
... The proliferation and interleukin-2 production of CD4⁺CD25⁻αβ T cells were inhibited in a cell-contact manner by Vδ2 γδ T cells. The transcription factor Helios was constitutively expressed in about one-third of circulating γδ T cells and was upregulated by CD28-signaling. Our data suggest that Helios could serve as a marker for differential activation status rather than for regulatory T cells (Tr ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00018-013-1467-1
PubMed:
24091816
PubMed Central:
PMC3997799

10. Proteasome inhibition induces DNA damage and reorganizes nuclear architecture and protein synthesis machinery in sensory ganglion neurons

Author:
Palanca, Ana; Casafont, Iñigo; Berciano, María T.; Lafarga, Miguel
Source:
Cellular and molecular life sciences 2014 v.71 no.10 pp. 1961-1975
ISSN:
1420-682X
Subject:
DNA damage; DNA repair; animal models; antineoplastic agents; cytoplasm; dose response; ganglia; genes; neurotoxicity; pathogenesis; patients; peripheral nervous system diseases; proteasome endopeptidase complex; protein synthesis; rats; sensory neurons; transcription (genetics)
Abstract:
... Bortezomib is a reversible proteasome inhibitor used as an anticancer drug. However, its clinical use is limited since it causes peripheral neurotoxicity. We have used Sprague–Dawley rats as an animal model to investigate the cellular mechanisms affected by both short-term and chronic bortezomib treatments in sensory ganglia neurons. Proteasome inhibition induces dose-dependent alterations in the ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00018-013-1474-2

11. Remodeling and dedifferentiation of adult cardiomyocytes during disease and regeneration

Author:
Szibor, Marten; Pöling, Jochen; Warnecke, Henning; Kubin, Thomas; Braun, Thomas
Source:
Cellular and molecular life sciences 2014 v.71 no.10 pp. 1907-1916
ISSN:
1420-682X
Subject:
Danio rerio; adults; anaerobic conditions; blood; cardiomyocytes; cell cycle; cytokines; cytoskeleton; energy; energy metabolism; genes; heart failure; mammals; models; myocardial infarction; protective effect; salamanders and newts; tissue repair
Abstract:
... Cardiomyocytes continuously generate the contractile force to circulate blood through the body. Imbalances in contractile performance or energy supply cause adaptive responses of the heart resulting in adverse rearrangement of regular structures, which in turn might lead to heart failure. At the cellular level, cardiomyocyte remodeling includes (1) restructuring of the contractile apparatus; (2) r ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00018-013-1535-6

12. Sequential inactivation of Rho GTPases and Lim kinase by Pseudomonas aeruginosa toxins ExoS and ExoT leads to endothelial monolayer breakdown

Author:
Huber, P.; Bouillot, S.; Elsen, S.; Attrée, I.
Source:
Cellular and molecular life sciences 2014 v.71 no.10 pp. 1927-1941
ISSN:
1420-682X
Subject:
Pseudomonas aeruginosa; actin; adhesion; animal models; bacteremia; blood; endothelial cells; endothelium; exotoxins; guanosinetriphosphatase; humans; microfilaments; pathogens; pneumonia; pseudopodia; secretion
Abstract:
... Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a major human opportunistic pathogen and one of the most important causal agents of bacteremia. For non-blood-borne infection, bacterial dissemination requires the crossing of the vascular endothelium, the main barrier between blood and the surrounding tissues. Here, we investigated the effects of P. aeruginosa type 3 secretion effectors, namely ExoS, ExoT, and ExoY, on r ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00018-013-1451-9

13. Signaling pathways and the cerebral cavernous malformations proteins: lessons from structural biology

Author:
Fisher, Oriana S.; Boggon, Titus J.
Source:
Cellular and molecular life sciences 2014 v.71 no.10 pp. 1881-1892
ISSN:
1420-682X
Subject:
abnormal development; brain; cell adhesion; cell death; genes; mutation; proteins; signal transduction
Abstract:
... Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM) are neurovascular dysplasias that result in mulberry-shaped lesions predominantly located in brain and spinal tissues. Mutations in three genes are associated with CCM. These genes encode for the proteins KRIT1/CCM1 (krev interaction trapped 1/cerebral cavernous malformations 1), cerebral cavernous malformations 2, osmosensing scaffold for MEKK3 (CCM2/malcave ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00018-013-1532-9
PubMed:
24287896
PubMed Central:
PMC3999170