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You searched for: Journal name Chemical reviews Remove constraint Journal name: Chemical reviews Publication year rev 7980-2020 Remove constraint Publication year rev: 7980-2020 Source 2020 v.120 no.12 Remove constraint Source: 2020 v.120 no.12
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1. Activation of Dinitrogen by Polynuclear Metal Complexes

Author:
Devender Singh; William R. Buratto; Juan F. Torres; Leslie J. Murray
Source:
Chemical reviews 2020 v.120 no.12 pp. 5517-5581
ISSN:
1520-6890
Subject:
actinides; ammonia; chemical bonding; ligands; metal ions; nitrogen; rare earth elements; surveys
Abstract:
... Activation of dinitrogen plays an important role in daily anthropogenic life, and the processes by which this fixation occurs have been a longstanding and significant research focus within the community. One of the major fields of dinitrogen activation research is the use of multimetallic compounds to reduce and/or activate N₂ into a more useful nitrogen-atom source, such as ammonia. Here we repor ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00042

2. Beyond Ammonia: Nitrogen–Element Bond Forming Reactions with Coordinated Dinitrogen

Author:
Sangmin Kim; Florian Loose; Paul J. Chirik
Source:
Chemical reviews 2020 v.120 no.12 pp. 5637-5681
ISSN:
1520-6890
Subject:
Lewis acids; amines; ammonia; boron; carbon; catalysts; catalytic activity; chemical bonding; cycloaddition reactions; ligands; metals; nitrogen; nitrogen fixation; protonation; surveys; synthesis; thermodynamics
Abstract:
... The functionalization of coordinated dinitrogen to form nitrogen–element bonds en route to nitrogen-containing molecules is a long-standing challenge in chemical synthesis. The strong triple bond and the nonpolarity of the N₂ molecule pose thermodynamic and kinetic challenges for promoting reactivity. While heterogeneous, homogeneous, and biological catalysts are all known for catalytic nitrogen f ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00705

3. Biological and Bioinspired Inorganic N–N Bond-Forming Reactions

Author:
Christina Ferousi; Sean H. Majer; Ida M. DiMucci; Kyle M. Lancaster
Source:
Chemical reviews 2020 v.120 no.12 pp. 5252-5307
ISSN:
1520-6890
Subject:
chemical bonding; energy; fuels; hydrazine; lifestyle; metabolism; models; nitrogen; nitrous oxide
Abstract:
... The metallobiochemistry underlying the formation of the inorganic N–N-bond-containing molecules nitrous oxide (N₂O), dinitrogen (N₂), and hydrazine (N₂H₄) is essential to the lifestyles of diverse organisms. Similar reactions hold promise as means to use N-based fuels as alternative carbon-free energy sources. This review discusses research efforts to understand the mechanisms underlying biologica ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00629

4. Biosynthesis of Nitrogenase Cofactors

Author:
Stefan Burén; Emilio Jiménez-Vicente; Carlos Echavarri-Erasun; Luis M. Rubio
Source:
Chemical reviews 2020 v.120 no.12 pp. 4921-4968
ISSN:
1520-6890
Subject:
biosynthesis; iron; metallochaperones; nitrogenase
Abstract:
... Nitrogenase harbors three distinct metal prosthetic groups that are required for its activity. The simplest one is a [4Fe-4S] cluster located at the Fe protein nitrogenase component. The MoFe protein component carries an [8Fe-7S] group called P-cluster and a [7Fe-9S-C-Mo-R-homocitrate] group called FeMo-co. Formation of nitrogenase metalloclusters requires the participation of the structural nitro ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00489

5. Metal–Sulfur Compounds in N₂ Reduction and Nitrogenase-Related Chemistry

Author:
Kazuki Tanifuji; Yasuhiro Ohki
Source:
Chemical reviews 2020 v.120 no.12 pp. 5194-5251
ISSN:
1520-6890
Subject:
ammonia; ligands; metals; nitrogen; nitrogen fixation; nitrogenase; prebiotics; sulfur
Abstract:
... Transition metal–sulfur (M–S) compounds are an indispensable means for biological systems to convert N₂ into NH₃ (biological N₂ fixation), and these may have emerged by chemical evolution from a prebiotic N₂ fixation system. With a main focus on synthetic species, this article provides a comprehensive review of the chemistry of M–S compounds related to the conversion of N₂ and the structures/funct ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00544

6. Nitrogen in Diamond

Author:
Michael N. R. Ashfold; Jonathan P. Goss; Ben L. Green; Paul W. May; Mark E. Newton; Chloe V. Peaker
Source:
Chemical reviews 2020 v.120 no.12 pp. 5745-5794
ISSN:
1520-6890
Subject:
annealing; hydrogen; nitrogen; surveys; temperature; vapors; world markets
Abstract:
... Nitrogen is ubiquitous in both natural and laboratory-grown diamond, but the number and nature of the nitrogen-containing defects can have a profound effect on the diamond material and its properties. An ever-growing fraction of the supply of diamond appearing on the world market is now lab-grown. Here, we survey recent progress in two complementary diamond synthesis methods—high pressure high tem ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00518

7. Progress and Prospective of Nitrogen-Based Alternative Fuels

Author:
Oren Elishav; Bar Mosevitzky Lis; Elisa M. Miller; Douglas J. Arent; Agustin Valera-Medina; Alon Grinberg Dana; Gennady E. Shter; Gideon S. Grader
Source:
Chemical reviews 2020 v.120 no.12 pp. 5352-5436
ISSN:
1520-6890
Subject:
alternative fuels; ammonia; economic sustainability; energy; energy industry; environmental impact; fossil fuels; fuel combustion; infrastructure; nitrogen; renewable resources; synthetic fuels; turbines
Abstract:
... Alternative fuels are essential to enable the transition to a sustainable and environmentally friendly energy supply. Synthetic fuels derived from renewable energies can act as energy storage media, thus mitigating the effects of fossil fuels on environment and health. Their economic viability, environmental impact, and compatibility with current infrastructure and technologies are fuel and power ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00538

8. Reduction of Substrates by Nitrogenases

Author:
Lance C. Seefeldt; Zhi-Yong Yang; Dmitriy A. Lukoyanov; Derek F. Harris; Dennis R. Dean; Simone Raugei; Brian M. Hoffman
Source:
Chemical reviews 2020 v.120 no.12 pp. 5082-5106
ISSN:
1520-6890
Subject:
ammonia; carbon dioxide; carbon monoxide; catalysts; catalytic activity; enzyme substrates; fossil fuels; nitrogen; nitrogen fixation; nitrogenase
Abstract:
... Nitrogenase is the enzyme that catalyzes biological N₂ reduction to NH₃. This enzyme achieves an impressive rate enhancement over the uncatalyzed reaction. Given the high demand for N₂ fixation to support food and chemical production and the heavy reliance of the industrial Haber–Bosch nitrogen fixation reaction on fossil fuels, there is a strong need to elucidate how nitrogenase achieves this dif ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00556

9. Catalytic N₂-to-NH₃ (or -N₂H₄) Conversion by Well-Defined Molecular Coordination Complexes

Author:
Matthew J. Chalkley; Marcus W. Drover; Jonas C. Peters
Source:
Chemical reviews 2020 v.120 no.12 pp. 5582-5636
ISSN:
1520-6890
Subject:
ammonia; bioavailability; catalysts; catalytic activity; coordination compounds; enzymes; nitrogen; nitrogen fixation
Abstract:
... Nitrogen fixation, the six-electron/six-proton reduction of N₂, to give NH₃, is one of the most challenging and important chemical transformations. Notwithstanding the barriers associated with this reaction, significant progress has been made in developing molecular complexes that reduce N₂ into its bioavailable form, NH₃. This progress is driven by the dual aims of better understanding biological ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00638

10. Electron Transfer in Nitrogenase

Author:
Hannah L. Rutledge; F. Akif Tezcan
Source:
Chemical reviews 2020 v.120 no.12 pp. 5158-5193
ISSN:
1520-6890
Subject:
active sites; adenosine triphosphate; ammonia; catalytic activity; electrochemistry; electron transfer; electrons; energy; hydrolysis; nitrogen; nitrogenase; photochemistry; proteins; thermodynamics
Abstract:
... Nitrogenase is the only enzyme capable of reducing N₂ to NH₃. This challenging reaction requires the coordinated transfer of multiple electrons from the reductase, Fe-protein, to the catalytic component, MoFe-protein, in an ATP-dependent fashion. In the last two decades, there have been significant advances in our understanding of how nitrogenase orchestrates electron transfer (ET) from the Fe-pro ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00663

11. Global Nitrogen Cycle: Critical Enzymes, Organisms, and Processes for Nitrogen Budgets and Dynamics

Author:
Xinning Zhang; Bess B. Ward; Daniel M. Sigman
Source:
Chemical reviews 2020 v.120 no.12 pp. 5308-5351
ISSN:
1520-6890
Subject:
anthropogenic activities; biomass; carbon dioxide; enzymes; nitrogen; nitrogen cycle; nitrogen fixation
Abstract:
... Nitrogen (N) is used in many of life’s fundamental biomolecules, and it is also a participant in environmental redox chemistry. Biogeochemical processes control the amount and form of N available to organisms (“fixed” N). These interacting processes result in N acting as the proximate limiting nutrient in most surface environments. Here, we review the global biogeochemical cycle of N and its anthr ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00613

12. Properties and Promise of Catenated Nitrogen Systems As High-Energy-Density Materials

Author:
Owen T. O’Sullivan; Michael J. Zdilla
Source:
Chemical reviews 2020 v.120 no.12 pp. 5682-5744
ISSN:
1520-6890
Subject:
chemical bonding; chemical structure; explosives; nitrogen; nitrogen compounds; thermodynamics
Abstract:
... The properties of catenated nitrogen molecules, molecules containing internal chains of bonded nitrogen atoms, is of fundamental scientific interest in chemical structure and bonding, as nitrogen is uniquely situated in the periodic table to form kinetically stable compounds often with chemically stable N–N bonds but which are thermodynamically unstable in that the formation of stable multiply bon ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00804

13. Reactivity, Mechanism, and Assembly of the Alternative Nitrogenases

Author:
Andrew J. Jasniewski; Chi Chung Lee; Markus W. Ribbe; Yilin Hu
Source:
Chemical reviews 2020 v.120 no.12 pp. 5107-5157
ISSN:
1520-6890
Subject:
biosynthesis; catalytic activity; chemical bonding; iron; multigene family; nitrogen; nitrogen fixation; nitrogenase; spectral analysis
Abstract:
... Biological nitrogen fixation is catalyzed by the enzyme nitrogenase, which facilitates the cleavage of the relatively inert triple bond of N₂. Nitrogenase is most commonly associated with the molybdenum–iron cofactor called FeMoco or the M-cluster, and it has been the subject of extensive structural and spectroscopic characterization over the past 60 years. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, two “ ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00704

14. Recent Advances and Challenges of Electrocatalytic N₂ Reduction to Ammonia

Author:
Geletu Qing; Reza Ghazfar; Shane T. Jackowski; Faezeh Habibzadeh; Mona Maleka Ashtiani; Chuan-Pin Chen; Milton R. Smith; Thomas W. Hamann
Source:
Chemical reviews 2020 v.120 no.12 pp. 5437-5516
ISSN:
1520-6890
Subject:
ammonia; carbon dioxide; carbon footprint; catalytic activity; climate change; electrochemistry; electrolysis; gases; greenhouse gas emissions; hydrogen; hydrogen production; natural gas; nitrogen; nitrogen fixation; protons; renewable electricity; solar energy; temperature; wind power
Abstract:
... Global ammonia production reached 175 million metric tons in 2016, 90% of which is produced from high purity N₂ and H₂ gases at high temperatures and pressures via the Haber–Bosch process. Reliance on natural gas for H₂ production results in large energy consumption and CO₂ emissions. Concerns of human-induced climate change are spurring an international scientific effort to explore new approaches ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00659

15. The Spectroscopy of Nitrogenases

Author:
Casey Van Stappen; Laure Decamps; George E. Cutsail; Ragnar Bjornsson; Justin T. Henthorn; James A. Birrell; Serena DeBeer
Source:
Chemical reviews 2020 v.120 no.12 pp. 5005-5081
ISSN:
1520-6890
Subject:
active sites; enzymes; iron; models; molybdenum; nitrogen; nitrogen cycle; nitrogen fixation; spectral analysis; spectroscopy
Abstract:
... Nitrogenases are responsible for biological nitrogen fixation, a crucial step in the biogeochemical nitrogen cycle. These enzymes utilize a two-component protein system and a series of iron–sulfur clusters to perform this reaction, culminating at the FeMco active site (M = Mo, V, Fe), which is capable of binding and reducing N₂ to 2NH₃. In this review, we summarize how different spectroscopic appr ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00650

16. Structural Enzymology of Nitrogenase Enzymes

Author:
Oliver Einsle; Douglas C. Rees
Source:
Chemical reviews 2020 v.120 no.12 pp. 4969-5004
ISSN:
1520-6890
Subject:
active sites; ammonia; carbon; electrons; enzymology; hydrides; iron; ligands; models; nitrogen; nitrogenase; proteins; protons; reducing agents; spectroscopy
Abstract:
... The reduction of dinitrogen to ammonia by nitrogenase reflects a complex choreography involving two component proteins, MgATP and reductant. At center stage of this process resides the active site cofactor, a complex metallocluster organized around a trigonal prismatic arrangement of iron sites surrounding an interstitial carbon. As a consequence of the choreography, electrons and protons are deli ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00067