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You searched for: Journal Chromosome research Remove constraint Journal: Chromosome research Publication Year 2012 Remove constraint Publication Year: 2012 Source 2012 v.20 no.5 Remove constraint Source: 2012 v.20 no.5
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1. Centromeres of filamentous fungi

Author:
Smith, Kristina M.; Galazka, Jonathan M.; Phatale, Pallavi A.; Connolly, Lanelle R.; Freitag, Michael
Source:
Chromosome research 2012 v.20 no.5 pp. 635-656
ISSN:
0967-3849
Subject:
Saccharomyces cerevisiae; cell division; centromeres; epigenetics; eukaryotic cells; humans; loci; pathogens; phylogeny; saprophytes; symbionts; yeasts
Abstract:
... How centromeres are assembled and maintained remains one of the fundamental questions in cell biology. Over the past 20 years, the idea of centromeres as precise genetic loci has been replaced by the realization that it is predominantly the protein complement that defines centromere localization and function. Thus, placement and maintenance of centromeres are excellent examples of epigenetic pheno ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10577-012-9290-3
PubMed:
22752455
PubMed Central:
PMC3409310

2. Centromeric heterochromatin assembly in fission yeast—balancing transcription, RNA interference and chromatin modification

Author:
Alper, Benjamin J.; Lowe, Brandon R.; Partridge, Janet F.
Source:
Chromosome research 2012 v.20 no.5 pp. 521-534
ISSN:
0967-3849
Subject:
RNA; RNA interference; Schizosaccharomyces pombe; chromosome segregation; genes; heterochromatin; models; transcription (genetics)
Abstract:
... Distinct regions of the eukaryotic genome are packaged into different types of chromatin, with euchromatin representing gene rich, transcriptionally active regions and heterochromatin more condensed and gene poor. The assembly and maintenance of heterochromatin is important for many aspects of genome control, including silencing of gene transcription, suppression of recombination, and to ensure pr ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10577-012-9288-x
PubMed:
22733402
PubMed Central:
PMC3580186

3. Dicentric chromosomes: unique models to study centromere function and inactivation

Author:
Stimpson, Kaitlin M.; Matheny, Justyne E.; Sullivan, Beth A.
Source:
Chromosome research 2012 v.20 no.5 pp. 595-605
ISSN:
0967-3849
Subject:
centromeres; epigenetics; genome; humans; meiosis; mitosis; models; patients; yeasts
Abstract:
... Dicentric chromosomes are products of genome rearrangement that place two centromeres on the same chromosome. Depending on the organism, dicentric stability varies after formation. In humans, dicentrics occur naturally in a substantial portion of the population and usually segregate successfully in mitosis and meiosis. Their stability has been attributed to inactivation of one of the two centromer ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10577-012-9302-3
PubMed:
22801777
PubMed Central:
PMC3557915

4. Establishment of the vertebrate kinetochores

Author:
Hori, Tetsuya; Fukagawa, Tatsuo
Source:
Chromosome research 2012 v.20 no.5 pp. 547-561
ISSN:
0967-3849
Subject:
chromatids; chromosome segregation; cohesion; functional properties; kinetochores; meiosis; mitosis; vertebrates
Abstract:
... The centromere is essential for accurate chromosome segregation during mitosis and meiosis to achieve transmission of genetic information to daughter cells. To facilitate accurate chromosome segregation, the centromere serves several specific functions, including microtubule binding, spindle-checkpoint control, and sister chromatid cohesion. The kinetochore is formed on the centromere to achieve t ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10577-012-9289-9
PubMed:
22733403

5. Evolutionary insights into the role of the essential centromere protein CAL1 in Drosophila

Author:
Phansalkar, Ragini; Lapierre, Pascal; Mellone, Barbara G.
Source:
Chromosome research 2012 v.20 no.5 pp. 493-504
ISSN:
0967-3849
Subject:
Caenorhabditis; Drosophila; ancestry; centromeres; eukaryotic cells; evolution; histones; nucleosomes; vertebrates; yeasts
Abstract:
... Centromeres are essential cis-elements on chromosomes that are crucial for the stable transmission of genetic information during mitotic and meiotic cell divisions. Different species employ a variety of centromere configurations, from small genetically defined centromeres in budding yeast to holocentric centromeres that occupy entire chromosomes in Caenorhabditis, yet the incorporation of nucleoso ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10577-012-9299-7
PubMed:
22820845

6. HACking the centromere chromatin code: insights from human artificial chromosomes

Author:
Bergmann, Jan H.; Martins, Nuno M. C.; Larionov, Vladimir; Masumoto, Hiroshi; Earnshaw, William C.
Source:
Chromosome research 2012 v.20 no.5 pp. 505-519
ISSN:
0967-3849
Subject:
engineering; epigenetics; histones; humans; kinetochores; nucleosomes
Abstract:
... The centromere is a specialized chromosomal region that serves as the assembly site of the kinetochore. At the centromere, CENP-A nucleosomes form part of a chromatin landscape termed centrochromatin. This chromatin environment conveys epigenetic marks regulating kinetochore formation. Recent work sheds light on the intricate relationship between centrochromatin state, the CENP-A assembly pathway ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10577-012-9293-0
PubMed:
22825423

7. Holocentric chromosomes: convergent evolution, meiotic adaptations, and genomic analysis

Author:
Melters, Daniël P.; Paliulis, Leocadia V.; Korf, Ian F.; Chan, Simon W. L.
Source:
Chromosome research 2012 v.20 no.5 pp. 579-593
ISSN:
0967-3849
Subject:
Caenorhabditis elegans; animals; chromosome segregation; convergent evolution; eukaryotic cells; genome; genomics; kinetochores; loci; meiosis; microtubules
Abstract:
... In most eukaryotes, the kinetochore protein complex assembles at a single locus termed the centromere to attach chromosomes to spindle microtubules. Holocentric chromosomes have the unusual property of attaching to spindle microtubules along their entire length. Our mechanistic understanding of holocentric chromosome function is derived largely from studies in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10577-012-9292-1
PubMed:
22766638

8. Human centromere genomics: now it's personal

Author:
Hayden, Karen E.
Source:
Chromosome research 2012 v.20 no.5 pp. 621-633
ISSN:
0967-3849
Subject:
centromeres; data collection; evolution; genomics; humans; microtubules; models; satellite DNA
Abstract:
... Advances in human genomics have accelerated studies in evolution, disease, and cellular regulation. However, centromere sequences, defining the chromosomal interface with spindle microtubules, remain largely absent from ongoing genomic studies and disconnected from functional, genome-wide analyses. This disparity results from the challenge of predicting the linear order of multi-megabase-sized reg ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10577-012-9295-y
PubMed:
22801774

9. Maturation of the kinetochore-microtubule interface and the meaning of metaphase

Author:
Pereira, António J.; Maiato, Helder
Source:
Chromosome research 2012 v.20 no.5 pp. 563-577
ISSN:
0967-3849
Subject:
anaphase; kinetochores; metaphase; microtubules; mitotic spindle apparatus; ploidy
Abstract:
... Chromosome positioning at the equator of the mitotic spindle emerges out of a relatively entropic background. At this moment, termed metaphase, all kinetochores have typically captured microtubules leading to satisfaction of the spindle-assembly checkpoint, but the cell does not enter anaphase immediately. The waiting time in metaphase is related to the kinetics of securin and cyclin B1 degradatio ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10577-012-9298-8
PubMed:
22801775

10. Neocentromeres and epigenetically inherited features of centromeres

Author:
Burrack, Laura S.; Berman, Judith
Source:
Chromosome research 2012 v.20 no.5 pp. 607-619
ISSN:
0967-3849
Subject:
DNA; chromosome segregation; fungi; human health; humans; kinetochores; neoplasms; patients
Abstract:
... Neocentromeres are ectopic sites where new functional kinetochores assemble and permit chromosome segregation. Neocentromeres usually form following genomic alterations that remove or disrupt centromere function. The ability to form neocentromeres is conserved in eukaryotes ranging from fungi to mammals. Neocentromeres that rescue chromosome fragments in cells with gross chromosomal rearrangements ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10577-012-9296-x
PubMed:
22723125
PubMed Central:
PMC3409321

11. Pericentric and centromeric transcription: a perfect balance required

Author:
Hall, Laura E.; Mitchell, Sarah E.; O’Neill, Rachel J.
Source:
Chromosome research 2012 v.20 no.5 pp. 535-546
ISSN:
0967-3849
Subject:
cell division; genome; heterochromatin; histones
Abstract:
... The pericentromere and centromere regions of the genome have previously been considered tightly compacted and transcriptionally inert. However, there is mounting evidence that these regions not only actively produce transcripts but that these pericentric and centromeric transcripts are also vital to maintaining genome stability and proper cell division. In this review, we define the pericentromere ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10577-012-9297-9
PubMed:
22760449

12. Temporal control of epigenetic centromere specification

Author:
Valente, Luis P.; Silva, Mariana C. C.; Jansen, Lars E. T.
Source:
Chromosome research 2012 v.20 no.5 pp. 481-492
ISSN:
0967-3849
Subject:
chromatin; epigenetics; genome; kinetochores; loci; mitosis; nucleotide sequences
Abstract:
... All living organisms require accurate mechanisms to faithfully inherit their genetic material during cell division. The centromere is a unique locus on each chromosome that supports a multiprotein structure called the kinetochore. During mitosis, the kinetochore is responsible for connecting chromosomes to spindle microtubules, allowing faithful segregation of the duplicated genome. In most organi ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10577-012-9291-2
PubMed:
22740047

13. The CENP-A nucleosome: a dynamic structure and role at the centromere

Author:
Quénet, Delphine; Dalal, Yamini
Source:
Chromosome research 2012 v.20 no.5 pp. 465-479
ISSN:
0967-3849
Subject:
chromosome segregation; histones; kinetochores; loci; nucleosomes
Abstract:
... The centromere is a specialized locus that directs the formation of the kinetochore protein complex for correct chromosome segregation. The specific centromere histone H3 variant CENP-A has been described as the epigenetic mark of this chromatin region. Several laboratories have explored its properties, its partners, and its role in centromere formation. Specifically, two types of CENP-A nucleosom ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10577-012-9301-4
PubMed:
22825424