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1. Divergence in sink contributions to population persistence

Author:
Heinrichs, Julie A.; Lawler, Joshua J.; Schumaker, Nathan H.; Wilsey, Chad B.; Bender, Darren J.
Source:
Conservation biology 2015 v.29 no.6 pp. 1674-1683
ISSN:
0888-8892
Subject:
Dipodomys; Molothrus ater; Strix occidentalis; case studies; ecological traps; endangered species; extinction; models; parasitism; risk; viability; Alberta; Northwestern United States; Texas
Abstract:
... Population sinks present unique conservation challenges. The loss of individuals in sinks can compromise persistence; but conversely, sinks can improve viability by improving connectivity and facilitating the recolonization of vacant sources. To assess the contribution of sinks to regional population persistence of declining populations, we simulated source–sink dynamics for 3 very different endan ...
DOI:
10.1111/cobi.12540

2. Extinction in a hyperdiverse endemic Hawaiian land snail family and implications for the underestimation of invertebrate extinction

Author:
Régnier, Claire; Bouchet, Philippe; Hayes, Kenneth A.; Yeung, Norine W.; Christensen, Carl C.; Chung, Daniel J. D.; Fontaine, Benoît; Cowie, Robert H.
Source:
Conservation biology 2015 v.29 no.6 pp. 1715-1723
ISSN:
0888-8892
Subject:
biodiversity; expert opinion; extinction; fauna; fossils; islands; models; natural resources conservation; snails; surveys
Abstract:
... The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List includes 832 species listed as extinct since 1600, a minuscule fraction of total biodiversity. This extinction rate is of the same order of magnitude as the background rate and has been used to downplay the biodiversity crisis. Invertebrates comprise 99% of biodiversity, yet the status of a negligible number has been assessed. We a ...
DOI:
10.1111/cobi.12565

3. Progress in the ecology and conservation of giant pandas

Author:
Wei, Fuwen; Swaisgood, Ronald; Hu, Yibo; Nie, Yonggang; Yan, Li; Zhang, Zejun; Qi, Dunwu; Zhu, Lifeng
Source:
Conservation biology 2015 v.29 no.6 pp. 1497-1507
ISSN:
0888-8892
Subject:
Ailuropoda melanoleuca; adaptive management; bamboos; climate change; communications technology; conservation areas; diet; endangered species; extinction; foraging; genetic variation; habitat conservation; habitat destruction; habitat fragmentation; habitats; landscapes; models; old-growth forests; population dynamics; population structure; progeny; rearing
Abstract:
... Giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) conservation is a possible success story in the making. If extinction of this iconic endangered species can be avoided, the species will become a showcase program for the Chinese government and its collaborators. We reviewed the major advancements in ecological science for the giant panda, examining how these advancements have contributed to panda conservation. ...
DOI:
10.1111/cobi.12582

4. Socio‐economic benefits from protected areas in southeastern Australia

Author:
Heagney, E.C.; Kovac, M.; Fountain, J.; Conner, N.
Source:
Conservation biology 2015 v.29 no.6 pp. 1647-1657
ISSN:
0888-8892
Subject:
biodiversity; business development; business enterprises; case studies; conservation areas; developed countries; employment; grants; income; local government; models; rural communities; socioeconomics; Australia
Abstract:
... International case studies of protected area performance increasingly report that conservation and socio‐economic outcomes are interdependent. Effective conservation requires support and cooperation from local governments and communities, which in turn requires that protected areas contribute to the economic well‐being of the communities in which they are sited. Despite increasing recognition of t ...
DOI:
10.1111/cobi.12554

5. Text analysis tools for identification of emerging topics and research gaps in conservation science

Author:
Westgate, Martin J.; Barton, Philip S.; Pierson, Jennifer C.; Lindenmayer, David B.
Source:
Conservation biology 2015 v.29 no.6 pp. 1606-1614
ISSN:
0888-8892
Subject:
cluster analysis; ecologists; ecosystems; meta-analysis; models; monitoring; scientists
Abstract:
... Keeping track of conceptual and methodological developments is a critical skill for research scientists, but this task is increasingly difficult due to the high rate of academic publication. As a crisis discipline, conservation science is particularly in need of tools that facilitate rapid yet insightful synthesis. We show how a common text‐mining method (latent Dirichlet allocation, or topic mode ...
DOI:
10.1111/cobi.12605

6. Effects of landscape transformation on bird colonization and extinction patterns in a large‐scale, long‐term natural experiment

Author:
Mortelliti, Alessio; Lindenmayer, David B.
Source:
Conservation biology 2015 v.29 no.5 pp. 1314-1326
ISSN:
0888-8892
Subject:
Eucalyptus; artificial selection; biodiversity; birds; experimental design; extinction; forest plantations; forests; global change; habitats; indigenous species; land use change; landscapes; models; population; population dynamics; woodlands; Australia
Abstract:
... Conversion of agricultural land to forest plantations is a major driver of global change. Studies on the impact of forest plantations on biodiversity in plantations and in the surrounding native vegetation have been inconclusive. Consequently, it is not known how to best manage the extensive areas of the planet currently covered by plantations. We used a novel, long‐term (16 years) and large‐scale ...
DOI:
10.1111/cobi.12523

7. Setting conservation management thresholds using a novel participatory modeling approach

Author:
Addison, P.F.E; Bie, K.; Rumpff, L.
Source:
Conservation biology 2015 v.29 no.5 pp. 1411-1422
ISSN:
0888-8892
Subject:
Hormosira banksii; case studies; cost effectiveness; ecosystems; environmental indicators; littoral zone; models; objectives; planning; scientists; trampling damage; uncertainty
Abstract:
... We devised a participatory modeling approach for setting management thresholds that show when management intervention is required to address undesirable ecosystem changes. This approach was designed to be used when management thresholds: must be set for environmental indicators in the face of multiple competing objectives; need to incorporate scientific understanding and value judgments; and will ...
DOI:
10.1111/cobi.12544

8. Spatial patterns of carbon, biodiversity, deforestation threat, and REDD+ projects in Indonesia

Author:
Murray, Josil P.; Grenyer, Richard; Wunder, Sven; Raes, Niels; Jones, Julia P.G.
Source:
Conservation biology 2015 v.29 no.5 pp. 1434-1445
ISSN:
0888-8892
Subject:
amphibians; biogeography; birds; carbon; carbon sinks; climate; conservation areas; deforestation; emissions; forests; mammals; models; reptiles; species diversity; threatened species; Indonesia
Abstract:
... There are concerns that Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD+) may fail to deliver potential biodiversity cobenefits if it is focused on high carbon areas. We explored the spatial overlaps between carbon stocks, biodiversity, projected deforestation threats, and the location of REDD+ projects in Indonesia, a tropical country at the forefront of REDD+ development. For b ...
DOI:
10.1111/cobi.12500
PubMed:
25864538
PubMed Central:
PMC4654267

9. Spatiotemporal trends of illegal activities from ranger‐collected data in a Ugandan national park

Author:
Critchlow, R.; Plumptre, A.J.; Driciru, M.; Rwetsiba, A.; Stokes, E.J.; Tumwesigye, C.; Wanyama, F.; Beale, C.M.
Source:
Conservation biology 2015 v.29 no.5 pp. 1458-1470
ISSN:
0888-8892
Subject:
bias; biodiversity; bushmeat; cattle; conservation areas; harvesting; law enforcement; managers; models; national parks; prioritization; spatial variation; temporal variation; Uganda
Abstract:
... Within protected areas, biodiversity loss is often a consequence of illegal resource use. Understanding the patterns and extent of illegal activities is therefore essential for effective law enforcement and prevention of biodiversity declines. We used extensive data, commonly collected by ranger patrols in many protected areas, and Bayesian hierarchical models to identify drivers, trends, and dist ...
DOI:
10.1111/cobi.12538

10. Use of opportunistic sightings and expert knowledge to predict and compare Whooping Crane stopover habitat

Author:
Hefley, Trevor J.; Baasch, David M.; Tyre, Andrew J.; Blankenship, Erin E.
Source:
Conservation biology 2015 v.29 no.5 pp. 1337-1346
ISSN:
0888-8892
Subject:
Grus americana; biogeography; birds; data collection; endangered species; expert opinion; habitats; models; prediction; rivers; Nebraska
Abstract:
... Predicting a species’ distribution can be helpful for evaluating management actions such as critical habitat designations under the U.S. Endangered Species Act or habitat acquisition and rehabilitation. Whooping Cranes (Grus americana) are one of the rarest birds in the world, and conservation and management of habitat is required to ensure their survival. We developed a species distribution model ...
DOI:
10.1111/cobi.12515

11. Using a common commensal bacterium in endangered Takahe as a model to explore pathogen dynamics in isolated wildlife populations

Author:
Grange, Zoe L.; Gartrell, Brett D.; Biggs, Patrick J.; Nelson, Nicola J.; Marshall, Jonathan C.; Howe, Laryssa; Balm, Matthew G.M.; French, Nigel P.
Source:
Conservation biology 2015 v.29 no.5 pp. 1327-1336
ISSN:
0888-8892
Subject:
Campylobacter; DNA; analytical methods; bacteria; birds; captive animals; endangered species; genetic variation; infectious diseases; life history; models; new species; pathogens; polymerase chain reaction; population; prediction; rearing; risk; wildlife; New Zealand
Abstract:
... Predicting and preventing outbreaks of infectious disease in endangered wildlife is problematic without an understanding of the biotic and abiotic factors that influence pathogen transmission and the genetic variation of microorganisms within and between these highly modified host communities. We used a common commensal bacterium, Campylobacter spp., in endangered Takahe (Porphyrio hochstetteri) p ...
DOI:
10.1111/cobi.12521

12. A case study of bats and white‐nose syndrome demonstrating how to model population viability with evolutionary effects

Author:
Maslo, Brooke; Fefferman, Nina H.
Source:
Conservation biology 2015 v.29 no.4 pp. 1176-1185
ISSN:
0888-8892
Subject:
Myotis lucifugus; case studies; extinction; fungi; hibernation; managers; models; phenotype; population; population dynamics; population genetics; viability
Abstract:
... Ecological factors generally affect population viability on rapid time scales. Traditional population viability analyses (PVA) therefore focus on alleviating ecological pressures, discounting potential evolutionary impacts on individual phenotypes. Recent studies of evolutionary rescue (ER) focus on cases in which severe, environmentally induced population bottlenecks trigger a rapid evolutionary ...
DOI:
10.1111/cobi.12485

13. An occupancy‐based quantification of the highly imperiled status of desert fishes of the southwestern United States

Author:
Budy, Phaedra; Conner, Mary M.; Salant, Nira L.; Macfarlane, William W.
Source:
Conservation biology 2015 v.29 no.4 pp. 1142-1152
ISSN:
0888-8892
Subject:
Catostomus discobolus; Catostomus latipinnis; Gila robusta; conservation status; economic valuation; extinction; fish; humans; models; probability; time series analysis; watersheds; Colorado River; United States
Abstract:
... Desert fishes are some of the most imperiled vertebrates worldwide due to their low economic worth and because they compete with humans for water. An ecological complex of fishes, 2 suckers (Catostomus latipinnis, Catostomus discobolus) and a chub (Gila robusta) (collectively managed as the so‐called three species) are endemic to the U.S. Colorado River Basin, are affected by multiple stressors, a ...
DOI:
10.1111/cobi.12513

14. Improving effectiveness of systematic conservation planning with density data

Author:
Veloz, Samuel; Salas, Leonardo; Altman, Bob; Alexander, John; Jongsomjit, Dennis; Elliott, Nathan; Ballard, Grant
Source:
Conservation biology 2015 v.29 no.4 pp. 1217-1227
ISSN:
0888-8892
Subject:
algorithms; birds; conservation areas; design; habitats; landscapes; models; monitoring; objectives; planning; population; prediction; prioritization; probability; species diversity; United States
Abstract:
... Systematic conservation planning aims to design networks of protected areas that meet conservation goals across large landscapes. The optimal design of these conservation networks is most frequently based on the modeled habitat suitability or probability of occurrence of species, despite evidence that model predictions may not be highly correlated with species density. We hypothesized that conserv ...
DOI:
10.1111/cobi.12499

15. Incentivizing biodiversity conservation in artisanal fishing communities through territorial user rights and business model innovation

Author:
Gelcich, Stefan; Donlan, C. Josh
Source:
Conservation biology 2015 v.29 no.4 pp. 1076-1085
ISSN:
0888-8892
Subject:
artisanal fishing; behavior change; biodiversity; business enterprises; case studies; funding; governance; infrastructure; livelihood; markets; models; Chile
Abstract:
... Territorial user rights for fisheries are being promoted to enhance the sustainability of small‐scale fisheries. Using Chile as a case study, we designed a market‐based program aimed at improving fishers’ livelihoods while incentivizing the establishment and enforcement of no‐take areas within areas managed with territorial user right regimes. Building on explicit enabling conditions (i.e., high l ...
DOI:
10.1111/cobi.12477

16. Mechanistic understanding of human–wildlife conflict through a novel application of dynamic occupancy models

Author:
Goswami, Varun R.; Medhi, Kamal; Nichols, James D.; Oli, Madan K.
Source:
Conservation biology 2015 v.29 no.4 pp. 1100-1110
ISSN:
0888-8892
Subject:
Elephantidae; adverse effects; conflict management; environmental factors; forests; human-wildlife relations; livestock; models; people; prediction; probability; rain; roads; seasons; space and time; villages; wildlife; India
Abstract:
... Crop and livestock depredation by wildlife is a primary driver of human–wildlife conflict, a problem that threatens the coexistence of people and wildlife globally. Understanding mechanisms that underlie depredation patterns holds the key to mitigating conflicts across time and space. However, most studies do not consider imperfect detection and reporting of conflicts, which may lead to incorrect ...
DOI:
10.1111/cobi.12475

17. Minimizing the cost of translocation failure with decision‐tree models that predict species’ behavioral response in translocation sites

Author:
Ebrahimi, Mehregan; Ebrahimie, Esmaeil; Bull, C. Michael
Source:
Conservation biology 2015 v.29 no.4 pp. 1208-1216
ISSN:
0888-8892
Subject:
algorithms; behavior change; decision support systems; lizards; managers; models
Abstract:
... The high number of failures is one reason why translocation is often not recommended. Considering how behavior changes during translocations may improve translocation success. To derive decision‐tree models for species’ translocation, we used data on the short‐term responses of an endangered Australian skink in 5 simulated translocations with different release conditions. We used 4 different decis ...
DOI:
10.1111/cobi.12479

18. Shifting elasmobranch community assemblage at Cocos Island—an isolated marine protected area

Author:
White, Easton R.; Myers, Mark C.; Flemming, Joanna Mills; Baum, Julia K.
Source:
Conservation biology 2015 v.29 no.4 pp. 1186-1197
ISSN:
0888-8892
Subject:
Carcharhinus limbatus; Galeocerdo cuvier; Rhincodon typus; Sphyrna; Triaenodon obesus; conservation areas; extinction; fauna; home range; life history; models; monitoring; national parks; risk; sharks; whales; Costa Rica
Abstract:
... Fishing pressure has increased the extinction risk of many elasmobranch (shark and ray) species. Although many countries have established no‐take marine reserves, a paucity of monitoring data means it is still unclear if reserves are effectively protecting these species. We examined data collected by a small group of divers over the past 21 years at one of the world's oldest marine protected areas ...
DOI:
10.1111/cobi.12478

19. Towards a framework for assessment and management of cumulative human impacts on marine food webs

Author:
Giakoumi, Sylvaine; Halpern, Benjamin S.; Michel, Loïc N.; Gobert, Sylvie; Sini, Maria; Boudouresque, Charles‐François; Gambi, Maria‐Cristina; Katsanevakis, Stelios; Lejeune, Pierre; Montefalcone, Monica; Pergent, Gerard; Pergent‐Martini, Christine; Sanchez‐Jerez, Pablo; Velimirov, Branko; Vizzini, Salvatrice; Abadie, Arnaud; Coll, Marta; Guidetti, Paolo; Micheli, Fiorenza; Possingham, Hugh P.
Source:
Conservation biology 2015 v.29 no.4 pp. 1228-1234
ISSN:
0888-8892
Subject:
Posidonia oceanica; agricultural runoff; anthropogenic activities; carnivores; case studies; ecosystems; environmental impact; expert opinion; food webs; humans; infrastructure; managers; models; pollution; seagrasses
Abstract:
... Effective ecosystem‐based management requires understanding ecosystem responses to multiple human threats, rather than focusing on single threats. To understand ecosystem responses to anthropogenic threats holistically, it is necessary to know how threats affect different components within ecosystems and ultimately alter ecosystem functioning. We used a case study of a Mediterranean seagrass (Posi ...
DOI:
10.1111/cobi.12468

20. Trophy hunters’ willingness to pay for wildlife conservation and community benefits

Author:
Fischer, Anke; Tibebe Weldesemaet, Yitbarek; Czajkowski, Mikołaj; Tadie, Degu; Hanley, Nick
Source:
Conservation biology 2015 v.29 no.4 pp. 1111-1121
ISSN:
0888-8892
Subject:
economic incentives; funding; habitats; hunters; income; issues and policy; land use change; livestock; models; natural resources conservation; objectives; population; sport hunting; surveys; wildlife; wildlife management; willingness to pay; Ethiopia
Abstract:
... In the face of fundamental land‐use changes, the potential for trophy hunting to contribute to conservation is increasingly recognized. Trophy hunting can, for example, provide economic incentives to protect wildlife populations and their habitat, but empirical studies on these relationships are few and tend to focus on the effects of benefit‐sharing schemes from an ex post perspective. We investi ...
DOI:
10.1111/cobi.12467

21. Declines in migrant shorebird populations from a winter‐quarter perspective

Author:
Simmons, Robert E.; Kolberg, Holger; Braby, Rod; Erni, Birgit
Source:
Conservation biology 2015 v.29 no.3 pp. 877-887
ISSN:
0888-8892
Subject:
Arenaria interpres; Calidris canutus; Charadrius; Phoenicopteridae; models; monitoring; time series analysis; water birds; wetlands; Namibia
Abstract:
... Many long‐distance migrating shorebird (i.e., sandpipers, plovers, flamingos, oystercatchers) populations are declining. Although regular shorebird monitoring programs exist worldwide, most estimates of shorebird population trends and sizes are poor or nonexistent. We built a state‐space model to estimate shorebird population trends. Compared with more commonly used methods of trend estimation, st ...
DOI:
10.1111/cobi.12493

22. Geographic bias in citation rates of conservation research

Author:
Meijaard, Erik; Cardillo, Marcel; Meijaard, Emily M.; Possingham, Hugh P.
Source:
Conservation biology 2015 v.29 no.3 pp. 920-925
ISSN:
0888-8892
Subject:
governance; human population; mammals; models; prediction; threatened species
Abstract:
... We investigated whether the impact of conservation science is greater for research conducted in countries with more pressing conservation problems. We quantified research impact for 231 countries based on 2 citation metrics (mean cites per paper and h index) and fitted models predicting research impact based on number of threatened bird and mammal species (as a measure of conservation importance o ...
DOI:
10.1111/cobi.12489

23. Geographic range size and extinction risk assessment in nomadic species

Author:
Runge, Claire A.; Tulloch, Ayesha; Hammill, Edd; Possingham, Hugh P.; Fuller, Richard A.
Source:
Conservation biology 2015 v.29 no.3 pp. 865-876
ISSN:
0888-8892
Subject:
birds; climate change; environmental factors; extinction; migratory behavior; models; planning; risk; risk assessment; Australia
Abstract:
... Geographic range size is often conceptualized as a fixed attribute of a species and treated as such for the purposes of quantification of extinction risk; species occupying smaller geographic ranges are assumed to have a higher risk of extinction, all else being equal. However many species are mobile, and their movements range from relatively predictable to‐and‐fro migrations to complex irregular ...
DOI:
10.1111/cobi.12440
PubMed:
25580637
PubMed Central:
PMC4681363

24. Incorporating evolutionary processes into population viability models

Author:
Pierson, Jennifer C.; Beissinger, Steven R.; Bragg, Jason G.; Coates, David J.; Oostermeijer, J. Gerard B.; Sunnucks, Paul; Schumaker, Nathan H.; Trotter, Meredith V.; Young, Andrew G.
Source:
Conservation biology 2015 v.29 no.3 pp. 755-764
ISSN:
0888-8892
Subject:
climate change; genetic rescue; genome; genotype; loci; metagenomics; models; monitoring; population dynamics; viability
Abstract:
... We examined how ecological and evolutionary (eco‐evo) processes in population dynamics could be better integrated into population viability analysis (PVA). Complementary advances in computation and population genomics can be combined into an eco‐evo PVA to offer powerful new approaches to understand the influence of evolutionary processes on population persistence. We developed the mechanistic bas ...
DOI:
10.1111/cobi.12431

25. Incorporating geodiversity into conservation decisions

Author:
Comer, Patrick J.; Pressey, Robert L.; Hunter, Malcolm L., JR.; Schloss, Carrie A.; Buttrick, Steven C.; Heller, Nicole E.; Tirpak, John M.; Faith, Daniel P.; Cross, Molly S.; Shaffer, Mark L.
Source:
Conservation biology 2015 v.29 no.3 pp. 692-701
ISSN:
0888-8892
Subject:
biodiversity; climate change; decision making; ecoregions; ecosystems; environmental law; geophysics; human resources; issues and policy; landscapes; models; monitoring; planning
Abstract:
... In a rapidly changing climate, conservation practitioners could better use geodiversity in a broad range of conservation decisions. We explored selected avenues through which this integration might improve decision making and organized them within the adaptive management cycle of assessment, planning, implementation, and monitoring. Geodiversity is seldom referenced in predominant environmental la ...
DOI:
10.1111/cobi.12508

26. Linking irreplaceable landforms in a self‐organizing landscape to sensitivity of population vital rates for an ecological specialist

Author:
Ryberg, Wade A.; Hill, Michael T.; Painter, Charles W.; Fitzgerald, Lee A.
Source:
Conservation biology 2015 v.29 no.3 pp. 888-898
ISSN:
0888-8892
Subject:
Quercus havardii; Sceloporus arenicolus; anthropogenic activities; biodiversity; demography; ecosystems; elasticities; endangered species; grasslands; habitats; indigenous species; land management; landforms; landscapes; mark-recapture studies; models; population dynamics; sand; wind
Abstract:
... Irreplaceable, self‐organizing landforms and the endemic and ecologically specialized biodiversity they support are threatened globally by anthropogenic disturbances. Although the outcome of disrupting landforms is somewhat understood, little information exists that documents population consequences of landform disturbance on endemic biodiversity. Conservation strategies for species dependent upon ...
DOI:
10.1111/cobi.12429

27. Loss of an ecological baseline through the eradication of oyster reefs from coastal ecosystems and human memory

Author:
Alleway, Heidi K.; Connell, Sean D.
Source:
Conservation biology 2015 v.29 no.3 pp. 795-804
ISSN:
0888-8892
Subject:
Ostrea; coasts; economic valuation; ecosystem services; ecosystems; fisheries; humans; memory; models; oysters; population growth; reefs; South Australia
Abstract:
... Oyster reefs form over extensive areas and the diversity and productivity of sheltered coasts depend on them. Due to the relatively recent population growth of coastal settlements in Australia, we were able to evaluate the collapse and extirpation of native oyster reefs (Ostrea angasi) over the course of a commercial fishery. We used historical records to quantify commercial catch of O. angasi in ...
DOI:
10.1111/cobi.12452

28. Predicting and setting conservation priorities for Bolivian mammals based on biological correlates of the risk of decline

Author:
Peñaranda, Diego A.; Simonetti, Javier A.
Source:
Conservation biology 2015 v.29 no.3 pp. 834-843
ISSN:
0888-8892
Subject:
extinction; home range; learning; litter size; mammals; models; population dynamics; prediction; risk; Bolivia
Abstract:
... The recognition that growing proportions of species worldwide are endangered has led to the development of comparative analyses to elucidate why some species are more prone to extinction than others. Understanding factors and patterns of species vulnerability might provide an opportunity to develop proactive conservation strategies. Such comparative analyses are of special concern at national scal ...
DOI:
10.1111/cobi.12453

29. Quantifying the role of online news in linking conservation research to Facebook and Twitter

Author:
Papworth, S.K.; Nghiem, T.P.L.; Chimalakonda, D.; Posa, M.R.C.; Wijedasa, L.S.; Bickford, D.; Carrasco, L.R.
Source:
Conservation biology 2015 v.29 no.3 pp. 825-833
ISSN:
0888-8892
Subject:
climate change; mammals; models; probability; scientists
Abstract:
... Conservation science needs to engage the general public to ensure successful conservation interventions. Although online technologies such as Twitter and Facebook offer new opportunities to accelerate communication between conservation scientists and the online public, factors influencing the spread of conservation news in online media are not well understood. We explored transmission of conservat ...
DOI:
10.1111/cobi.12455

30. A meta‐analysis of studies on attitudes toward bears and wolves across Europe 1976–2012

Author:
Dressel, S.; Sandström, C.; Ericsson, G.
Source:
Conservation biology 2015 v.29 no.2 pp. 565-574
ISSN:
0888-8892
Subject:
Canis lupus; Ursus arctos; carnivores; farmers; interdisciplinary research; issues and policy; longitudinal studies; meta-analysis; models; public opinion; surveys; wolves; Europe
Abstract:
... The ranges of wolves (Canis lupus) and bears (Ursus arctos) across Europe have expanded recently, and it is important to assess public attitudes toward this expansion because responses toward these species vary widely. General attitudes toward an object are good predictors of broad behavioral patterns; thus, attitudes toward wolves and bears can be used as indicators to assess the social foundatio ...
DOI:
10.1111/cobi.12420

31. Association of extinction risk of saproxylic beetles with ecological degradation of forests in Europe

Author:
Seibold, Sebastian; Brandl, Roland; Buse, Jörn; Hothorn, Torsten; Schmidl, Jürgen; Thorn, Simon; Müller, Jörg
Source:
Conservation biology 2015 v.29 no.2 pp. 382-390
ISSN:
0888-8892
Subject:
Coleoptera; anthropogenic activities; biodiversity; canopy; dead wood; deciduous forests; ecosystems; environmental degradation; extinction; forest management; forest stands; habitats; lowlands; models; phylogeny; prediction; risk; trees; wood; Europe; Western European region
Abstract:
... To reduce future loss of biodiversity and to allocate conservation funds effectively, the major drivers behind large‐scale extinction processes must be identified. A promising approach is to link the red‐list status of species and specific traits that connect species of functionally important taxa or guilds to resources they rely on. Such traits can be used to detect the influence of anthropogenic ...
DOI:
10.1111/cobi.12427

32. Accounting for enforcement costs in the spatial allocation of marine zones

Author:
Davis, Katrina; Kragt, Marit; Gelcich, Stefan; Schilizzi, Steven; Pannell, David
Source:
Conservation biology 2015 v.29 no.1 pp. 226-237
ISSN:
0888-8892
Subject:
income; marine fish; market prices; models; overfishing; zoning
Abstract:
... Marine fish stocks are in many cases extracted above sustainable levels, but they may be protected through restricted‐use zoning systems. The effectiveness of these systems typically depends on support from coastal fishing communities. High management costs including those of enforcement may, however, deter fishers from supporting marine management. We incorporated enforcement costs into a spatial ...
DOI:
10.1111/cobi.12358

33. Benefits to poorly studied taxa of conservation of bird and mammal diversity on islands

Author:
Aslan, Clare; Holmes, Nick; Tershy, Bernie; Spatz, Dena; Croll, Donald A.
Source:
Conservation biology 2015 v.29 no.1 pp. 133-142
ISSN:
0888-8892
Subject:
Formicidae; Tenebrionidae; amphibians; biogeography; birds; butterflies; databases; embryophytes; indigenous species; islands; mammals; models; prioritization; reptiles; snails; species diversity; threatened species
Abstract:
... Protected area delineation and conservation action are urgently needed on marine islands, but the potential biodiversity benefits of these activities can be difficult to assess due to lack of species diversity information for lesser known taxa. We used linear mixed effects modeling and simple spatial analyses to investigate whether conservation activities based on the diversity of well‐known insul ...
DOI:
10.1111/cobi.12354

34. Correlation and persistence of hunting and logging impacts on tropical rainforest mammals

Author:
Brodie, Jedediah F.; Giordano, Anthony J.; Zipkin, Elise F.; Bernard, Henry; Mohd‐Azlan, Jayasilan; Ambu, Laurentius
Source:
Conservation biology 2015 v.29 no.1 pp. 110-121
ISSN:
0888-8892
Subject:
anthropogenic activities; bushmeat; ecosystems; habitat destruction; herbivores; humans; landscapes; logging; models; old-growth forests; species diversity; tropical rain forests; ungulates; Borneo
Abstract:
... Humans influence tropical rainforest animals directly via exploitation and indirectly via habitat disturbance. Bushmeat hunting and logging occur extensively in tropical forests and have large effects on particular species. But how they alter animal diversity across landscape scales and whether their impacts are correlated across species remain less known. We used spatially widespread measurements ...
DOI:
10.1111/cobi.12389

35. Effects of near‐future ocean acidification, fishing, and marine protection on a temperate coastal ecosystem

Author:
Cornwall, Christopher E.; Eddy, Tyler D.
Source:
Conservation biology 2015 v.29 no.1 pp. 207-215
ISSN:
0888-8892
Subject:
Jasus edwardsii; acidification; anthropogenic activities; biomass; coasts; ecosystems; fisheries management; lobsters; models; mortality; predators; prediction; New Zealand
Abstract:
... Understanding ecosystem responses to global and local anthropogenic impacts is paramount to predicting future ecosystem states. We used an ecosystem modeling approach to investigate the independent and cumulative effects of fishing, marine protection, and ocean acidification on a coastal ecosystem. To quantify the effects of ocean acidification at the ecosystem level, we used information from the ...
DOI:
10.1111/cobi.12394

36. Evaluating multispecies landscape connectivity in a threatened tropical mammal community

Author:
Brodie, Jedediah F.; Giordano, Anthony J.; Dickson, Brett; Hebblewhite, Mark; Bernard, Henry; Mohd‐Azlan, Jayasilan; Anderson, Jesse; Ambu, Laurentius
Source:
Conservation biology 2015 v.29 no.1 pp. 122-132
ISSN:
0888-8892
Subject:
Macaca nemestrina; Neofelis diardi; Rusa unicolor; Ursidae; Viverridae; cameras; carnivores; habitats; herbivores; landscapes; mammals; models; tropical forests; Borneo
Abstract:
... Habitat corridors are important tools for maintaining connectivity in increasingly fragmented landscapes, but generally they have been considered in single‐species approaches. Corridors intended to facilitate the movement of multiple species could increase persistence of entire communities, but at the likely cost of being less efficient for any given species than a corridor intended specifically f ...
DOI:
10.1111/cobi.12337

37. Identifying impediments to long‐distance mammal migrations

Author:
Seidler, Renee G.; Long, Ryan A.; Berger, Joel; Bergen, Scott; Beckmann, Jon P.
Source:
Conservation biology 2015 v.29 no.1 pp. 99-109
ISSN:
0888-8892
Subject:
Antilocapra americana; ecosystems; energy; fences; forage; habitats; highways; human population; migratory behavior; models; natural gas; population density; sheep; shrubs; traffic
Abstract:
... In much of the world, the persistence of long‐distance migrations by mammals is threatened by development. Even where human population density is relatively low, there are roads, fencing, and energy development that present barriers to animal movement. If we are to conserve species that rely on long‐distance migration, then it is critical that we identify existing migration impediments. To delinea ...
DOI:
10.1111/cobi.12376

38. Inferring the nature of anthropogenic threats from long‐term abundance records

Author:
Shoemaker, Kevin T.; Akçakaya, H. Resit
Source:
Conservation biology 2015 v.29 no.1 pp. 238-249
ISSN:
0888-8892
Subject:
Gadus morhua; Lagopus lagopus scoticus; Thunnus thynnus; case studies; cod (fish); experts; habitat destruction; information sources; land use change; models; planning; population dynamics; risk; time series analysis
Abstract:
... Diagnosing the processes that threaten species persistence is critical for recovery planning and risk forecasting. Dominant threats are typically inferred by experts on the basis of a patchwork of informal methods. Transparent, quantitative diagnostic tools would contribute much‐needed consistency, objectivity, and rigor to the process of diagnosing anthropogenic threats. Long‐term census records, ...
DOI:
10.1111/cobi.12353

39. Predicting the conservation status of data‐deficient species

Author:
Bland, Lucie M.; Collen, Ben; Orme, C. David L.; Bielby, Jon
Source:
Conservation biology 2015 v.29 no.1 pp. 250-259
ISSN:
0888-8892
Subject:
artificial intelligence; conservation status; extinction; geography; life history; mammals; models; monitoring; prediction; risk; species diversity; threatened species
Abstract:
... There is little appreciation of the level of extinction risk faced by one‐sixth of the over 65,000 species assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. Determining the status of these data‐deficient (DD) species is essential to developing an accurate picture of global biodiversity and identifying potentially threatened DD species. To address this knowledge gap, we used predictiv ...
DOI:
10.1111/cobi.12372

40. The challenge of implementing the European network of protected areas Natura 2000

Author:
Kati, Vassiliki; Hovardas, Tasos; Dieterich, Martin; Ibisch, Pierre L.; Mihok, Barbara; Selva, Nuria
Source:
Conservation biology 2015 v.29 no.1 pp. 260-270
ISSN:
0888-8892
Subject:
European Union; birds; conservation areas; environmental education; environmental impact; experts; habitats; issues and policy; models; nongovernmental organizations; politics; quality control; questionnaires; scientists; stakeholders; trees
Abstract:
... Established under the European Union (EU) Birds and Habitats Directives, Natura 2000 is one of the largest international networks of protected areas. With the spatial designation of sites by the EU member states almost finalized, the biggest challenge still lying ahead is the appropriate management of the sites. To evaluate the cross‐scale functioning of Natura 2000 implementation, we analyzed 242 ...
DOI:
10.1111/cobi.12366