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You searched for: Journal Crop science Remove constraint Journal: Crop science Publication Year 1997 Remove constraint Publication Year: 1997 Source 1997 v.37 no.4 Remove constraint Source: 1997 v.37 no.4
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1. Apomixis and sexuality in some Paspalum species

Author:
Burson, B.L.
Source:
Crop science 1997 v.37 no.4 pp. 1347-1351
ISSN:
0011-183X
Subject:
Paspalum; cell biology; diploidy; sexual reproduction; meiosis; tetraploidy; apomixis; polyploidy; seed set; chromosome pairing; Georgia; Texas; Paraguay; Argentina; Brazil; Uruguay
Abstract:
... Paspalum is a large genus that contains several important forage and turf grasses. Little or no information is available concerning the cytology and reproductive behavior of many of these species. The objectives of this study were to determine the cytology, method of reproduction, and fertility of accessions of eight different Paspalum species. Paspalum modestum Mez., P. monostachyum Vasey, P. rep ...
DOI:
10.2135/cropsci1997.0011183X003700040052x

2. Backcrossing a complex black seed trait from diploid into tetraploid alfalfa avoids the complexities of tetrasomic inheritance

Author:
Kimbeng, C.A.; Bingham, E.T.
Source:
Crop science 1997 v.37 no.4 pp. 1376-1378
ISSN:
0011-183X
Subject:
Medicago sativa; seeds; pigmentation; alleles; recessive genes; loci; tetraploidy; hybrids; diploidy; backcrossing; crossing; plant breeding
Abstract:
... Black seed in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) may be useful as a seed marker and for pigmentation studies. The trait is controlled by three to four genes. Normal alfalfa seeds with tan coats have a dominant inhibitor of the black trait. Black seeds appear to be conditioned by a homozygous recessive allele at the inhibitor locus and a dominant allele for pigments at each of two or more additional loci ...
DOI:
10.2135/cropsci1997.0011183X003700040058x

3. Callus induction and high efficiency plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis in Paspalum

Author:
Cardona, C.A.; Duncan, R.R.
Source:
Crop science 1997 v.37 no.4 pp. 1297-1302
ISSN:
0011-183X
Subject:
Paspalum vaginatum; somatic embryogenesis; tissue culture; inflorescences; ecotypes; callus; 2,4-D; benzyladenine; naphthaleneacetic acid
Abstract:
... Paspalum vaginatum Swartz (seashore paspalum) is a warm season grass that can be used for turf, forage, erosion control, or bioremediation. The species is a sexual diploid, but produces less than 5% viable seed, which poses problems for genetic enhancement by conventional breeding methods. The selection of somaclonal variants is one alternative method for genetic improvement. The objective of this ...
DOI:
10.2135/cropsci1997.0011183X003700040045x

4. Characterization and inheritance of adult plant stem rust resistance in durum wheat

Author:
Hare, R.A.
Source:
Crop science 1997 v.37 no.4 pp. 1094-1098
ISSN:
0011-183X
Subject:
Triticum turgidum; cultivars; Puccinia graminis; genetic resistance; alleles; loci; disease resistance; rust diseases
Abstract:
... Few durable resistance genes have provided long-term effective control of stem rust (casual pathogen Puccinia graminis Pers. f. sp. tritici Eriks and E. Henn.), a destructive disease of wheat (Triticum ssp.). The most prominent gene, Sr2, derived from the tetraploid wheat, 'Yaroslav Emmer' (Triticum turgidum L.), contributes to the protection of many hexaploid cultivars worldwide. Additional durab ...
DOI:
10.2135/cropsci1997.0011183X003700040010x

5. Chilling tolerance during emergence of cowpea associated with a dehydrin and slow electrolyte leakage

Author:
Ismail, A.M.; Hall, A.E.; Close, T.J.
Source:
Crop science 1997 v.37 no.4 pp. 1270-1277
ISSN:
0011-183X
Subject:
water content; Vigna unguiculata; cold tolerance; cooling; soil temperature; seeds; electrolytes; line differences; plant proteins; cytoplasmic inheritance; hybrids; seedling emergence; genotype; inheritance (genetics); California
Abstract:
... Seeds of annual warm season crops are sensitive to chilling temperatures during emergence often encountered during spring sowings in subtropical regions. Mechanisms for genotypic differences in emergence of cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] seedlings were investigated under chilling field and controlled growth chamber conditions. Rate of emergence was slower and extent of maximal emergence was ...
DOI:
10.2135/cropsci1997.0011183X003700040041x

6. Combined testcross and S1 selection for the improvement of testcross and inbred performances

Author:
Gallais, A.
Source:
Crop science 1997 v.37 no.4 pp. 1126-1133
ISSN:
0011-183X
Subject:
crossing; selection criteria; mathematical models; genetic improvement; selection methods; plant breeding; seed productivity; artificial selection; selection response
Abstract:
... In crops where heterosis is high, one of the limiting factors in the development of commercial single-cross hybrids is the seed yield of the female parent. To improve simultaneously combining ability with the male parent and the seed yield of the female parent, combined testcross and S1 selection has already been proposed by several researchers. In this study, after derivation of the theoretical e ...
DOI:
10.2135/cropsci1997.0011183X003700040016x

7. Combining ability analysis of in vitro callus formation and plant regeneration in red clover

Author:
Poerba, Y.S.; Quesenberry, K.H.; Wofford, D.S.; Pfahler, P.L.
Source:
Crop science 1997 v.37 no.4 pp. 1302-1305
ISSN:
0011-183X
Subject:
crossing; Trifolium pratense; callus; general combining ability; tissue culture; diameter; artificial seeds; specific combining ability; genotype
Abstract:
... Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is an important forage species grown in temperate climates around the world. Most genetic transformation methods require regeneration of whole plants from single undifferentiated cells, but one of the major problems encountered in red clover tissue culture is low frequency of plant regeneration. Nine genotypes of red clover, with a range in the level of callus fo ...
DOI:
10.2135/cropsci1997.0011183X003700040046x

8. Combining ability for within-boll yield components in cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L

Author:
Coyle, G.G.; Smith, C.W.
Source:
Crop science 1997 v.37 no.4 pp. 1118-1122
ISSN:
0011-183X
Subject:
Gossypium hirsutum; crop yield; lint cotton; fiber quality; yield components; bolls; length; general combining ability; seeds; surface area; weight; genotype; Texas
Abstract:
... Lint yield and fiber quality in upland cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., are interrelated through a series of individual components that include bolls/unit land area, mean fiber length and weight/unit length, and a series of within-boll components. Numerous studies have investigated the relationships among various components of lint yield and yield per unit land area, but none have reported on the re ...
DOI:
10.2135/cropsci1997.0011183X003700040014x

9. Combining ability of response to photoperiod in peanut

Author:
Nigam, S.N.; Dwivedi, S.L.; Ramraj, V.M.; Chandra, S.
Source:
Crop science 1997 v.37 no.4 pp. 1159-1162
ISSN:
0011-183X
Subject:
crossing; Arachis hypogaea; photoperiod; adaptation; harvest index; plant breeding; general combining ability; specific combining ability; genotype; India
Abstract:
... Photoperiod insensitivity plays an important role in the adaptation of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) genotypes across environments. However, little is known of its genetic control. The objective of this study was to determine the combining ability of response to photeperiod in peanut. The F1 progenies from a six-parent diallel cross excluding reciprocals were studied together with their parents for ...
DOI:
10.2135/cropsci1997.0011183X003700040022x

10. Comparison of seed-derived lines from 'Florigraze' rhizoma perennial peanut

Author:
Venuto, B.C.; Elkins, W.M.; Hintz, R.W.; Reed, R.L.
Source:
Crop science 1997 v.37 no.4 pp. 1098-1102
ISSN:
0011-183X
Subject:
height; plant characteristics; Arachis glabrata; lines; germplasm; seedlings; agronomic traits; leaves; plant morphology; plant density; flowering; forage; crop yield; crude protein; progeny; line differences; crop quality; seed productivity; Louisiana
Abstract:
... Rhizoma perennial peanut (RPP--Arachis glabrata Benth.) is a high quality, vegetatively propagated, forage legume introduced into southern USA from South America. Information on the performance of seed-derived lines from this germplasm is lacking. This information is needed to help determine the feasibility of establishing a recurrent selection breeding program to improve the performance of this g ...
DOI:
10.2135/cropsci1997.0011183X003700040011x

11. Convergent-divergent selection for seed production and forage traits in orchardgrass. I. Direct selection responses

Author:
Casler, M.D.; Carlson, I.T.; Berg, C.C.; Sleper, D.A.; Barker, R.E.
Source:
Crop science 1997 v.37 no.4 pp. 1047-1053
ISSN:
0011-183X
Subject:
Dactylis glomerata; seeds; crop yield; forage; inflorescences; heritability; genotype-environment interaction; selection methods; plant breeding; artificial selection; selection response; Iowa; Missouri; Pennsylvania; Wisconsin
Abstract:
... Simultaneous improvement of forage traits and seed yield in orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) has been problematic because or geographic separation of forage and seed production locations. Most attempts to simultaneously improve both forage and seed traits have relied on a single location. The objective of this study was to conduct and evaluate two cycles of convergent-divergent (C/D) and local ...
DOI:
10.2135/cropsci1997.0011183X003700040003x

12. Convergent-divergent selection for seed production and forage traits in orchardgrass. III. Correlated responses for forage traits

Author:
Casler, M.D.; Berg, C.C.; Carlson, I.T.; Sleper, D.A.
Source:
Crop science 1997 v.37 no.4 pp. 1059-1065
ISSN:
0011-183X
Subject:
Dactylis glomerata; selection methods; genetic improvement; forage; crop yield; agronomic traits; disease resistance; plant breeding; correlated responses; recurrent selection; artificial selection; Iowa; Pennsylvania; Missouri; Wisconsin
Abstract:
... Most orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) cultivars are developed in a two-stage selection protocol. Stage 1 involves selection for agronomic traits among spaced plants and Stage 2 involves selecting among a limited number of clones based on their polycross progeny performance, usually in sward plots. The objective of this study was to quantify genetic progress in sward-plot forage yield and relat ...
DOI:
10.2135/cropsci1997.0011183X003700040005x

13. Convergent-divergent selection for seed production and forage traits in orchardgrass. II. Seed yield response in Oregon

Author:
Barker, R.E.; Casler, M.D.; Carlson, I.T.; Berg, C.C.; Sleper, D.A.; Young, W.C. III.
Source:
Crop science 1997 v.37 no.4 pp. 1054-1059
ISSN:
0011-183X
Subject:
height; plant characteristics; Dactylis glomerata; forage; seeds; crop yield; genotype-environment interaction; inflorescences; selection methods; lodging; flowering; plant breeding; artificial selection; selection response; Oregon; Iowa; Missouri; Pennsylvania; Wisconsin
Abstract:
... More than 90% of U.S. production of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) seed occurs in the U.S. Pacific Northwest. However, breeders in forage-producing regions are unable to effectively select for Pacific Northwest seed yield by direct selection in their environment. This study was undertaken to determine if selection for broad adaptation for seed yield within forage-producing regions could main ...
DOI:
10.2135/cropsci1997.0011183X003700040004x

14. Downy mildew resistance of the cucumber germplasm collection in North Carolina field tests

Author:
Wehner, T.C.; Shetty, N.V.
Source:
Crop science 1997 v.37 no.4 pp. 1331-1340
ISSN:
1435-0653
Subject:
Cucumis sativus; Pseudoperonospora cubensis; disease resistance; cultivars; plant genetic resources; field experimentation; germplasm; fungal diseases of plants; North Carolina
Abstract:
... Downy mildew [Pseudoperonospora cubensis (Berk. & Curt.) Rostov] is an important disease in most cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) production areas of the world. Resistant cultivars are available, but higher levels of resistance are needed if yield losses are to be avoided. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate all available plant introduction accessions (from the U.S. National Plant Germpl ...
DOI:
10.2135/cropsci1997.0011183X003700040050x

15. Effect of radiation environment on radiation use efficiency and growth of sunflower

Author:
Bange, M.P.; Hammer, G.L.; Rickert, K.G.
Source:
Crop science 1997 v.37 no.4 pp. 1208-1214
ISSN:
0011-183X
Subject:
Helianthus annuus; leaves; solar radiation; crop yield; light intensity; biomass; phenology; leaf area; canopy; light; harvest index; sunflower oil; crude protein; protein content; seeds; inflorescences; Queensland
Abstract:
... The level of incident radiation and the proportion of radiation that is diffuse affects radiation use efficiency (RUE) in crops. However, the degree of this effect, and its importance to growth and yield of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) have not been established. A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of radiation environment on RUE, growth, and yield of sunflower. A fully ...
DOI:
10.2135/cropsci1997.0011183X003700040030x

16. Effect of specific leaf nitrogen on radiation use efficiency and growth of sunflower

Author:
Bange, M.P.; Hammer, G.L.; Rickett, K.G.
Source:
Crop science 1997 v.37 no.4 pp. 1201-1208
ISSN:
0011-183X
Subject:
Helianthus annuus; leaves; nitrogen; nitrogen content; nitrogen fertilizers; solar radiation; biomass; crop yield; seeds; harvest index; canopy; leaf area index; sunflower oil; flowering; carbon dioxide; photosynthesis; crude protein; protein content; application rate; Queensland
Abstract:
... Specific leaf nitrogen (SLN, g/m2) is known to affect radiation use efficiency (RUE, g/MJ) in different crops. However, this association and importance have not been well established over a range of different nitrogen regimes for field-grown sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). An experiment was conducted to investigate different combinations and rates of applied nitrogen on SLN, RUE, and growth of s ...
DOI:
10.2135/cropsci1997.0011183X003700040029x

17. Effects of chemical drying agents on the fine structure of alfalfa cuticles and epicuticular waxes

Author:
Panciera, M.T.; Krause, C.R.
Source:
Crop science 1997 v.37 no.4 pp. 1292-1296
ISSN:
0011-183X
Subject:
drying; stems; cations; sodium hydroxide; sodium carbonate; sodium; potassium; potassium carbonate; potassium hydroxide; carbonates; hydroxides; cesium; anions; waxes; ultrastructure; postharvest physiology; plant cuticle; alfalfa; hay; air drying; alfalfa hay
Abstract:
... Chemical drying agents reduce the curing time of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), but mechanisms have not been defined to explain this reduction. This study was conducted to define the physical effects of drying agents on alfalfa stem surfaces and to determine the distribution of applied cations on the stems. Field-grown alfalfa was treated with water and nine solutions consisting of all possible com ...
DOI:
10.2135/cropsci1997.0011183X003700040044x

18. Efficiency of high-nitrogen selection environments for improving maize for low-nitrogen target environments

Author:
Banziger, M.; Betran, F.J.; Lafitte, H.R.
Source:
Crop science 1997 v.37 no.4 pp. 1102-1109
ISSN:
0011-183X
Subject:
Zea mays; soil fertility; nutrient availability; nitrogen; nutrient deficiencies; artificial seeds; heritability; genotype-environment interaction; nitrogen fertilizers; crop yield; selection methods; nutrition-genotype interaction; plant breeding; genetic correlation; artificial selection; genotype; selection response; Mexico
Abstract:
... Most maize (Zea mays L.) in the tropics is grown under low-nitrogen (N) conditions, raising the need to assess efficient breeding strategies for such conditions. This study assesses the value of low-N vs. high-N selection environments for improving lowland tropical maize for low-N target environments. Fourteen replicated trials grown under low (no N applied) and high (200 kg N ha-1 applied) N at C ...

19. Efficiency of secondary traits for improving maize for low-nitrogen target environments

Author:
Banziger, M.; Lafitte, H.R.
Source:
Crop science 1997 v.37 no.4 pp. 1110-1117
ISSN:
1435-0653
Subject:
Zea mays; soil fertility; nitrogen; nutrient deficiencies; crop yield; flowering; corn ears; chlorophyll; leaves; senescence; heritability; selection criteria; plant breeding; genotype-environment interaction; genetic correlation; artificial selection; genotype; Mexico
Abstract:
... Consideration of secondary traits could improve selection efficiency under stress conditions. This study assesses the value of secondary traits for improving lowland tropical maize (Zea mays L.) for low-N target environments. Nineteen experiments grown with no N applied at CIMMYT, Mexico, between 1986 and 1995 were analyzed for grain yield, anthesis-silking interval (ASI), number of ears per plant ...
DOI:
10.2135/cropsci1997.0011183X003700040013x

20. Forage quality variation in the U.S. alfalfa core collection

Author:
Jung, H.G.; Sheaffer, C.C.; Barnes, D.K.; Halgerson, J.L.
Source:
Crop science 1997 v.37 no.4 pp. 1361-1366
ISSN:
1435-0653
Subject:
Medicago sativa; cultivars; germplasm; genetic variation; leaves; stems; crop quality; crude protein; fiber content; lignin; in vitro digestibility; cellulose; degradation; forage; plant genetic resources; United States; Minnesota
Abstract:
... Alfalfa (Medicago sp.) is the most important perennial forage crop in the USA. The cultivars currently grown commercially are based on a limited and intermixed set of germplasm. Our objective was to survey the genetic variation in leaf and stem quality in the crop by analyzing the core collection of the U.S. alfalfa plant introductions. The 200 plant introductions of the core were planted at Rosem ...
DOI:
10.2135/cropsci1997.0011183X003700040054x