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You searched for: Journal name Crop science Remove constraint Journal name: Crop science Publication year rev 8003-1997 Remove constraint Publication year rev: 8003-1997 Source 1997 v.37 no.4 Remove constraint Source: 1997 v.37 no.4
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1. Backcrossing a Complex Black Seed Trait from Diploid into Tetraploid Alfalfa Avoids the Complexities of Tetrasomic Inheritance

Author:
C. A. Kimbeng; E. T. Bingham
Source:
Crop science 1997 v.37 no.4 pp. 1376-1378
ISSN:
0011-183X
Subject:
backcrossing; plant breeding; hybrids; alleles; seeds; pigmentation; loci; diploidy; Medicago sativa; tetraploidy; recessive genes
Abstract:
... Black seed in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) may be useful as a seed marker and for pigmentation studies. The trait is controlled by three to four genes. Normal alfalfa seeds with tan coats have a dominant inhibitor of the black trait. Black seeds appear to be conditioned by a homozygous recessive allele at the inhibitor locus and a dominant allele for pigments at each of two or more additional loci ...
DOI:
10.2135/cropsci1997.0011183X003700040058x

2. Callus Induction and High Efficiency Plant Regeneration via Somatic Embryogenesis in Paspalum

Author:
C. A. Cardona; R. R. Duncan
Source:
Crop science 1997 v.37 no.4 pp. 1297-1302
ISSN:
0011-183X
Subject:
Paspalum vaginatum; somatic embryogenesis; tissue culture; inflorescences; ecotypes; callus; 2,4-D; benzyladenine; naphthaleneacetic acid
Abstract:
... Paspalum vaginatum Swartz (seashore paspalum) is a warm season grass that can be used for turf, forage, erosion control, or bioremedialion. The species is a sexual diploid, but produces less than 5% viable seed, which poses problems for genetic enhancement by conventional breeding methods. The selection of somaclonal variants is one alternative methodf or genetic improvement. The objective of this ...
DOI:
10.2135/cropsci1997.0011183X003700040045x

3. Characterization and Inheritance of Adult Plant Stem Rust Resistance in Durum Wheat

Author:
R. A. Hare
Source:
Crop science 1997 v.37 no.4 pp. 1094-1098
ISSN:
0011-183X
Subject:
Triticum turgidum; cultivars; Puccinia graminis; genetic resistance; alleles; loci; disease resistance; rust diseases
Abstract:
... Few durable resistance genes have provided long-term effective control of stem rust (casual pathogen Puccinia graminis Pers. f. sp. tritici Eriks and E. Henn.), a destructive disease of wheat (Triticum ssp.). The most prominent gene, Sr2, derived from the tetraploid wheat, ‘Yaroslav Emmer’ (Triticum turgidum L.), contributes to the protection of many hexaploid cultivars worldwide. Additional durab ...
DOI:
10.2135/cropsci1997.0011183X003700040010x

4. Combining Ability Analysis of In Vitro Callus Formation and Plant Regeneration in Red Clover

Author:
Y. S. Poerba; K. H. Quesenberry; D. S. Wofford; P. L. Pfahler
Source:
Crop science 1997 v.37 no.4 pp. 1302-1305
ISSN:
0011-183X
Subject:
crossing; Trifolium pratense; callus; general combining ability; tissue culture; diameter; artificial seeds; specific combining ability; genotype
Abstract:
... Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is an important forage species grown in temperate climates around the world. Most genetic transformation methods require regeneration of whole plants from single undifferentiated cells, but one of the major problems encountered in red clover tissue culture is low frequency of plant regeneration. Nine genotypes of red clover, with a range in the level of callus fo ...
DOI:
10.2135/cropsci1997.0011183X003700040046x

5. Combining Ability of Response to Photoperiod in Peanut

Author:
S. N. Nigam; S. L. Dwivedi; V. M. Ramraj; S. Chandra
Source:
Crop science 1997 v.37 no.4 pp. 1159-1162
ISSN:
0011-183X
Subject:
plant breeding; general combining ability; crossing; genotype; harvest index; photoperiod; Arachis hypogaea; specific combining ability; India
Abstract:
... Photoperiod insensitivity plays an important role in the adaptation of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) genotypes across environments. However, little is known of its genetic control. The objective of this study was to determine the combining ability of response to photoperiod in peanut. The F₁ progenies from a six-parent diallel cross excluding reciprocals were studied together with their parents for ...
DOI:
10.2135/cropsci1997.0011183X003700040022x

6. Comparison of Seed-Derived Lines from ‘Florigraze’ Rhizoma Perennial Peanut

Author:
B. C. Venuto; W. M. Elkins; R. W. Hintz; R. L. Reed
Source:
Crop science 1997 v.37 no.4 pp. 1098-1102
ISSN:
0011-183X
Subject:
germplasm; crop quality; flowering; seedlings; height; agronomic traits; plant density; forage; leaves; crop yield; crude protein; progeny; seed productivity; line differences; plant morphology; Arachis glabrata; Louisiana
Abstract:
... Rhizoma perennial peanut (RPP—Arachis glabrata Benth.) is a high quality, vegetatively propagated, forage legume introduced into southern USA from South America. Information on the performance of seed-derived lines from this germplasm is lacking. This information is needed to help determine the feasibility of establishing a recurrent selection breeding program to improve the performance of this ge ...
DOI:
10.2135/cropsci1997.0011183X003700040011x

7. Convergent-Divergent Selection for Seed Production and Forage Traits in Orchardgrass: I. Direct Selection Responses

Author:
M. D. Casler; I. T. Carlson; C. C. Berg; D. A. Sleper; R. E. Barker
Source:
Crop science 1997 v.37 no.4 pp. 1047-1053
ISSN:
0011-183X
Subject:
inflorescences; plant breeding; selection response; seeds; Dactylis glomerata; crop yield; forage; genotype-environment interaction; heritability; artificial selection; Iowa; Pennsylvania; Wisconsin; Missouri
Abstract:
... Simultaneous improvement of forage traits and seed yield in orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) has been problematic because of geographic separation of forage and seed production locations. Most attempts to simultaneously improve both forage and seed traits have relied on a single location. The objective of this study was to conduct and evaluate two cycles of convergent-divergent (C/D) and local ...
DOI:
10.2135/cropsci1997.0011183X003700040003x

8. Convergent-Divergent Selection for Seed Production and Forage Traits in Orchardgrass: II. Seed Yield Response in Oregon

Author:
R. E. Barker; M. D. Casler; I. T. Carlson; C. C. Berg; D. A. Sleper; W. C. Young
Source:
Crop science 1997 v.37 no.4 pp. 1054-1059
ISSN:
0011-183X
Subject:
inflorescences; lodging; flowering; seeds; plant breeding; selection response; plant characteristics; height; Dactylis glomerata; forage; crop yield; genotype-environment interaction; artificial selection; Oregon; Iowa; Wisconsin; Missouri; Pennsylvania
Abstract:
... More than 90% of U.S. production of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) seed occurs in the U.S. Pacific Northwest. However, breeders in forage-producing regions are unable to effectively select for Pacific Northwest seed yield by direct selection in their environment. This study was undertaken to determine if selection for broad adaptation for seed yield within forage-producing regions could main ...
DOI:
10.2135/cropsci1997.0011183X003700040004x

9. Downy Mildew Resistance of the Cucumber Germplasm Collection in North Carolina Field Tests

Author:
Todd C. Wehner; Nischit V. Shetty
Source:
Crop science 1997 v.37 no.4 pp. 1331-1340
ISSN:
0011-183X
Subject:
Cucumis sativus; Pseudoperonospora cubensis; disease resistance; cultivars; plant genetic resources; field experimentation; germplasm; fungal diseases of plants; North Carolina
Abstract:
... Downy mildew [Pseudoperonospora cubensis (Berk. & Curt.) Rostov] is an important disease in most cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) production areas of the world. Resistant cullivars are available, but higher levels of resistance are needed if yield losses are to be avoided. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate all available plant introduction accessions (from the U.S. National Plant Germpl ...
DOI:
10.2135/cropsci1997.0011183X003700040050x

10. Effect of Radiation Environment on Radiation Use Efficiency and Growth of Sunflower

Author:
M. P. Bange; G. L. Hammer; K. G. Rickert
Source:
Crop science 1997 v.37 no.4 pp. 1208-1214
ISSN:
0011-183X
Subject:
sunflower oil; inflorescences; Helianthus annuus; solar radiation; canopy; seeds; phenology; light intensity; leaf area; crude protein; harvest index; biomass; leaves; Queensland
Abstract:
... The level of incident radiation and the proportion of radiation that is diffuse affects radiation use efficiency (RUE) in crops. However, the degree of this effect, and its importance to growth and yield of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) have not been established. A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of radiation environment on RUE, growth, and yield of sunflower. A fully ...
DOI:
10.2135/cropsci1997.0011183X003700040030x

11. The Effect of Rbs2 on Yield of Soybean

Author:
M. S. Bachman; C. D. Nickell; P. A. Stephens; A. D. Nickell; L. E. Gray
Source:
Crop science 1997 v.37 no.4 pp. 1148-1151
ISSN:
0011-183X
Subject:
Cadophora gregata; Glycine max; lodging; genetic resistance; necrosis; fungal diseases of plants; seed oils; height; agronomic traits; crop yield; genotype-environment interaction; genes; disease resistance; seed quality; chlorosis; genetic variation; protein content; Illinois
Abstract:
... Brown stem rot (BSR), caused by Phialophora gregata (Ailington & Chamberlain) W. Gams, is a vascular-foliar soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] disease of the north central USA. Although yield comparisons have been made between susceptible and resistant lines, no study has evaluated yield differences between near-isogenic lines differing in brown stem rot reaction. The objective of this study was to ...
DOI:
10.2135/cropsci1997.0011183X003700040019x

12. Effects of Chemical Drying Agents on the Fine Structure of Alfalfa Cuticles and Epicuticular Waxes

Author:
M. T. Panciera; C. R. Krause
Source:
Crop science 1997 v.37 no.4 pp. 1292-1296
ISSN:
0011-183X
Subject:
sodium hydroxide; cations; alfalfa; postharvest physiology; potassium hydroxide; stems; cesium; anions; sodium; air drying; potassium carbonate; sodium carbonate; potassium; alfalfa hay; ultrastructure; waxes; plant cuticle
Abstract:
... Chemical drying agents reduce the curing time of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), but mechanisms have not been defined to explain this reduction. This study was conducted to define the physical effects of drying agents on alfalfa stem surfaces and to determine the distribution of applied cations on the stems. Field-grown alfalfa was treated with water and nine solutions consisting of all possible com ...
DOI:
10.2135/cropsci1997.0011183X003700040044x

13. Efficiency of Secondary Traits for Improving Maize for Low-Nitrogen Target Environments

Author:
M. Bänziger; H. R. Lafitte
Source:
Crop science 1997 v.37 no.4 pp. 1110-1117
ISSN:
0011-183X
Subject:
Zea mays; flowering; plant breeding; nitrogen; corn ears; nutrient deficiencies; genetic correlation; artificial selection; crop yield; genotype-environment interaction; genotype; soil fertility; heritability; chlorophyll; selection criteria; leaves; Mexico
Abstract:
... Consideration of secondary traits could improve selection efficiency under stress conditions. This study assesses the value of secondary traits for improving lowland tropical maize (Zea mays L.) for low-N target environments. Nineteen experiments grown with no N applied at CIMMYT, México, between 1986 and 1995 were analyzed for grain yield, anthesis-silking intervai (ASI), number of ears per plant ...
DOI:
10.2135/cropsci1997.0011183X003700040013x

14. Genetic Analysis of High Molecular Weight Proteins in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Endosperm

Author:
Gusti Ray Sadimantara; Toshinori Abe; Takeo Sasahara
Source:
Crop science 1997 v.37 no.4 pp. 1177-1180
ISSN:
0011-183X
Subject:
crossing; Oryza sativa; plant proteins; molecular weight; endosperm; protein synthesis; gene expression; cultivars; storage proteins; Japan
Abstract:
... Genetic and physiological characteristics of the main rice (Oryza sativa L.) storage proteins, glutelin and prolamin, have been extensively studied. In contrast, information on high molecular weight proteins is limited. Experiments were undertaken to identify the genes that control the synthesis of high molecular weight proteins (40–90 kDa) in rice endosperm. Total endosperm proteins of japonica a ...
DOI:
10.2135/cropsci1997.0011183X003700040025x

15. Genetic Variation for Traits Related to Temperate Adaptation of Rice Cultivars

Author:
David J. Mackill; Xiaomao Lei
Source:
Crop science 1997 v.37 no.4 pp. 1340-1346
ISSN:
0011-183X
Subject:
cultivars; inflorescences; vigor; Oryza sativa; seedlings; agronomic traits; temperate zones; plant genetic resources; cold tolerance; cold; California
Abstract:
... Rice (Oryza saliva L.) is cultivated in diverse environments including temperate, subtropical, and tropical regions. Temperate rice areas are dominated by the japonica subspecies, while indica cultivars are confined to the tropical or subtropical zones. The present study was conducted to characterize a diverse set of predominately japonica rice cultivars for traits related to adaptation to tempera ...
DOI:
10.2135/cropsci1997.0011183X003700040051x

16. Hypernodulation of Soybean, Mung Bean, and Hyacinth Bean Is Controlled by a Common Shoot Signal

Author:
J. E. Harper; K. A. Corrigan; A. C. Barbera; M. H. Abd-Alla
Source:
Crop science 1997 v.37 no.4 pp. 1242-1246
ISSN:
0011-183X
Subject:
Glycine max; nitrogen fixation; nitrogen content; Lablab purpureus; seedlings; Bradyrhizobium; Vigna radiata; root nodules; translocation (plant physiology); host specificity; cell membranes; nodulation; shoots
Abstract:
... Identification of commonality of nodulation control among legumes will facilitate progress in improving symbiotic N₂ fixation in agricultural systems. Interspecies grafts between soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr] and mung bean (Vigna radiata L.), or soybean and hyacinth bean (Lablab purpureus L.), were made to evaluate whether a common translocatable signal controls expression of hypernodulation amo ...
DOI:
10.2135/cropsci1997.0011183X003700040035x

17. Identification of Field Corn Inbreds Adapted to Europe to Improve Agronomic Performance of Sweet Corn Hybrids

Author:
R. A. Malvar; M. E. Cartea; P. Revilla; A. Ordás
Source:
Crop science 1997 v.37 no.4 pp. 1134-1141
ISSN:
0011-183X
Subject:
Zea mays; hybrids; alleles; loci; corn ears; genetic improvement; crossing; inbred lines; yield components; length; selection criteria; United States; Spain
Abstract:
... Elite American and European field corn inbreds (Zea mays L.) could improve the agronomic value of sweet corn for European conditions. The choice of field corn inbreds for improvings weet corn performance can be accomplished by a variety of methods. Our objectives were to identify American and European field corn inbreds adapted to European conditions as potential donors for improving yield and agr ...
DOI:
10.2135/cropsci1997.0011183X003700040017x

18. Inheritance of High Glanding, an Insect Resistance Trait in Cotton

Author:
D. S. Calhoun
Source:
Crop science 1997 v.37 no.4 pp. 1181-1186
ISSN:
0011-183X
Subject:
buds; alleles; phenotype; Gossypium hirsutum; plant glands; heterozygosity; crossing; inheritance (genetics); heritability; calyx; Mississippi
Abstract:
... The high glanding (HG) trait [i.e., presence of gossypol glands the upper edge of the sepals of the upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) flower bud] confers a significant level of resistance to bollworm [Helicoverpa zea (Boddie)] and tobacco budworm [Heliothis virescens (F.)], but the inheritance of this trait is not well understood. The objective of this study was to determine the inheritance of ...
DOI:
10.2135/cropsci1997.0011183X003700040026x

19. Interaction of Virescent Genes in Upland Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.): Chlorophyll Content

Author:
Tian Zhen Zhang; Jia Ju Pan; Song Hua Xiao; R. J. Kohel
Source:
Crop science 1997 v.37 no.4 pp. 1123-1126
ISSN:
0011-183X
Subject:
alleles; phenotype; Gossypium hirsutum; gene interaction; chemical constituents of plants; heritability; chlorophyll; leaves; Texas
Abstract:
... The interactions between the virescent genes v₂ and v₁₄ of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) were determined and compared with other virescent genes. Single crosses were made among various virescent lines, and the progenies were tested from 1991 to 1994. Allelic tests established that v₂ and v₁₄ were nonallelic, but their F₁ hybrid plants were virescent, with phenotypic expression and chlorophyll con ...
DOI:
10.2135/cropsci1997.0011183X003700040015x

20. Intercropping Effects on Mustard Aphid (Lipaphis erysimi Kaltenback) Populations

Author:
D. Singh; S. K. Kothari
Source:
Crop science 1997 v.37 no.4 pp. 1263-1264
ISSN:
0011-183X
Subject:
Lipaphis erysimi; Coriandrum sativum; cultural control; Matricaria chamomilla; crop yield; Artemisia annua; population density; Brassica rapa subsp. nipposinica; intercropping; Foeniculum vulgare; continuous cropping; Anethum graveolens; India
Abstract:
... Aphids (Lipaphis erysimi Kaltenback) often reduce mustard (Brassica juncea L.) yield in India. This study was conducted to determine if intercropping with aromatic plant species could provide an environmentally safe method for aphid control. Aphid infestation on monocrop mustard (‘Rohini’) was compared with intercrop treatments of artemisia (Artemisia annua L.), coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.), ...
DOI:
10.2135/cropsci1997.0011183X003700040039x