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Current opinion in biotechnology
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7988-2012
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2012 v.23 no.2
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- Author:
- Vivienne M Anthony; Marco Ferroni
- Source:
- Current opinion in biotechnology 2012 v.23 no.2 pp. 278-285
- ISSN:
- 0958-1669
- Subject:
- agricultural biotechnology; breeding; corn; cotton; cultivars; dates (fruit); developing countries; farmers; genes; markets; politics; public-private partnerships; research and development; transgenic plants; vegetables; China; India; South America
- Abstract:
- ... Agricultural biotechnology holds much potential to contribute towards crop productivity gains and crop improvement for smallholder farmers in developing countries. Over 14 million smallholder farmers are already benefiting from biotech crops such as cotton and maize in China, India and other Asian, African and Central/South American countries. Molecular breeding can accelerate crop improvement tim ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.copbio.2011.11.020
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2011.11.020
- Author:
- Kyu Hang Kyung
- Source:
- Current opinion in biotechnology 2012 v.23 no.2 pp. 142-147
- ISSN:
- 0958-1669
- Subject:
- Allium; allicin; anti-infective agents; anti-infective properties; bacteria; cysteine; fungi; multiple drug resistance; parasites; proteins; viruses
- Abstract:
- ... The antimicrobial activity of Allium species has long been recognized, with allicin, other thiosulfinates, and their transformation products having antimicrobial activity. Alliums are inhibitory against all tested microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites. Alliums inhibit multi-drug-resistant microorganisms and often work synergistically with common antimicrobials. Allium-deri ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.copbio.2011.08.004
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2011.08.004
- Author:
- S Cicerale; LJ Lucas; RSJ Keast
- Source:
- Current opinion in biotechnology 2012 v.23 no.2 pp. 129-135
- ISSN:
- 0958-1669
- Subject:
- Mediterranean diet; anti-inflammatory activity; antioxidants; bioavailability; extra-virgin olive oil; humans; longevity; phenolic compounds; population
- Abstract:
- ... The Mediterranean diet is associated with a lower incidence of chronic degenerative diseases and higher life expectancy. These health benefits have been partially attributed to the dietary consumption of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) by Mediterranean populations, and more specifically the phenolic compounds naturally present in EVOO. Studies involving humans and animals (in vivo and in vitro) have ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.copbio.2011.09.006
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2011.09.006
- Author:
- Jill Deikman; Marie Petracek; Jacqueline E Heard
- Source:
- Current opinion in biotechnology 2012 v.23 no.2 pp. 243-250
- ISSN:
- 0958-1669
- Subject:
- biotechnology; crop production; drought tolerance; farmers; field crops; field experimentation; genes; genetically modified organisms; greenhouses; models; phenotype; prediction; water stress
- Abstract:
- ... Water availability is a significant constraint to crop production, and increasing drought tolerance of crops is one step to gaining greater yield stability. Excellent progress has been made using models to identify pathways and genes that can be manipulated through biotechnology to improve drought tolerance. A current focus is on translation of results from models in controlled environments to cro ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.copbio.2011.11.003
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2011.11.003
- Author:
- Gabriella Gazzani; Maria Daglia; Adele Papetti
- Source:
- Current opinion in biotechnology 2012 v.23 no.2 pp. 153-159
- ISSN:
- 0958-1669
- Subject:
- GRAS substances; Streptococcus; apigenin; apples; barley; caraway; chicory; chlorhexidine; chlorogenic acid; cranberries; diet; flavanols; functional foods; garlic; grape seeds; green tea; in vitro studies; infectious diseases; melanoidins; mushrooms; nutmeg; pathogens; proanthocyanidins; procyanidins; propolis; quinic acid; red wines; trigonelline; virulence
- Abstract:
- ... Caries is the most common oral infectious disease in the world. Its development is influenced also by diet components that interfere with pathogen mutans group Streptococci (MGS) activity. A very active research to identify functional foods and their components that are generally recognised as safe has been ongoing, with the aim of developing alternative approaches, to the use of synthetic chlorhe ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.copbio.2011.09.003
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2011.09.003
- Author:
- Jeremy Harbinson; Aina E Prinzenberg; Willem Kruijer; Mark GM Aarts
- Source:
- Current opinion in biotechnology 2012 v.23 no.2 pp. 221-226
- ISSN:
- 0958-1669
- Subject:
- chlorophyll; chromosome mapping; fluorescence; genetic markers; horticulture; image analysis; phenotypic variation; plant breeding; population; quantitative traits; screening; statistical models
- Abstract:
- ... Marker assisted plant breeding is a powerful technique for targeted crop improvement in horticulture and agriculture. It depends upon the correlation of desirable phenotypic characteristics with specific genetic markers. This can be determined by statistical models that relate the variation in the value of genetic markers to variation in phenotypic traits. It therefore depends upon the convergence ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.copbio.2011.10.006
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2011.10.006
- Author:
- Fabio Fiorani; Uwe Rascher; Siegfried Jahnke; Ulrich Schurr
- Source:
- Current opinion in biotechnology 2012 v.23 no.2 pp. 227-235
- ISSN:
- 0958-1669
- Subject:
- computer vision; image analysis; nutrition; phenotype; physics; physiological state; plant development; spectroscopy
- Abstract:
- ... Noninvasive imaging sensors and computer vision approaches are key technologies to quantify plant structure, physiological status, and performance. Today, imaging sensors exploit a wide range of the electromagnetic spectrum, and they can be deployed to measure a growing number of traits, also in heterogenic environments. Recent advances include the possibility to acquire high-resolution spectra by ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.copbio.2011.12.010
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2011.12.010
- Author:
- Elisa Leyva-Guerrero; Narayanan N Narayanan; Uzoma Ihemere; Richard T Sayre
- Source:
- Current opinion in biotechnology 2012 v.23 no.2 pp. 257-264
- ISSN:
- 0958-1669
- Subject:
- germplasm; diet; nitrogen metabolism; nutrient content; vitamin A; cassava; zinc; protein energy ratio; biofortification; cyanogen; iron; vitamin E; gene expression; homeostasis; roots; Manihot esculenta
- Abstract:
- ... Over two hundred and fifty million Africans rely on the starchy root crop cassava (Manihot esculenta) as their primary source of calories. Cassava roots, however, have the lowest protein:energy ratio of all the world's major staple crops. Furthermore, a typical cassava-based diet provides less than 10–20% of the required amounts of iron, zinc, vitamin A and vitamin E. The BioCassava Plus program e ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.copbio.2011.12.009
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2011.12.009
- Author:
- Maria Daglia
- Source:
- Current opinion in biotechnology 2012 v.23 no.2 pp. 174-181
- ISSN:
- 0958-1669
- Subject:
- antibiotics; antifungal properties; antioxidants; humans; mechanism of action; microorganisms; multiple drug resistance; plant physiology; polyphenols; secondary metabolites; structure-activity relationships; synergism; therapeutics
- Abstract:
- ... Polyphenols are secondary metabolites produced by higher plants, which play multiple essential roles in plant physiology and have potential healthy properties on human organism, mainly as antioxidants, anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antihypertensive, and antimicrobial agents. In the present review the antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal activities of the most active polyphenol ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.copbio.2011.08.007
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2011.08.007
- Author:
- Howard J Atkinson; Catherine J Lilley; Peter E Urwin
- Source:
- Current opinion in biotechnology 2012 v.23 no.2 pp. 251-256
- ISSN:
- 0958-1669
- Subject:
- Nematoda; RNA interference; biotechnology; crops; genes; genomics; nematode control; pest resistance; pesticides; plant breeders; plant parasitic nematodes; profits and margins; transgenic plants
- Abstract:
- ... Nematodes cause an estimated $118b annual losses to world crops and they are not readily controlled by pesticides or other control options. For many crops natural resistance genes are unavailable to plant breeders or progress by this approach is slow. Transgenic plants can provide nematode resistance for such crops. Two approaches have been field trialled that control a wide range of nematodes by ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.copbio.2011.09.004
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2011.09.004
- Author:
- Maximiller Dal-Bianco; Monalisa Sampaio Carneiro; Carlos Takeshi Hotta; Roberto Giacomini Chapola; Hermann Paulo Hoffmann; Antonio Augusto Franco Garcia; Glaucia Mendes Souza
- Source:
- Current opinion in biotechnology 2012 v.23 no.2 pp. 265-270
- ISSN:
- 0958-1669
- Subject:
- Saccharum officinarum; agricultural biotechnology; alleles; diploidy; energy crops; expressed sequence tags; gene expression; genetically modified organisms; genomics; grasses; models; plant breeding; polyploidy; stress tolerance; sugarcane; sugars
- Abstract:
- ... In recent years, efforts to improve sugarcane have focused on the development of biotechnology for this crop. It has become clear that sugarcane lacks tools for the biotechnological route of improvement and that the initial efforts in sequencing ESTs had limited impact for breeding. Until recently, the models used by breeders in statistical genetics approaches have been developed for diploid organ ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.copbio.2011.09.002
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2011.09.002
- Author:
- Haim Shmuely; Itzhak Ofek; Ervin I Weiss; Zichria Rones; Yael Houri-Haddad
- Source:
- Current opinion in biotechnology 2012 v.23 no.2 pp. 148-152
- ISSN:
- 0958-1669
- Subject:
- Helicobacter pylori; Orthomyxoviridae; Streptococcus; adhesion; antibiotics; biofilm; cranberries; dietary supplements; elderly; females; infectious diseases; juices; lethal dose; mice; pathogens; therapeutics; urinary tract diseases; women
- Abstract:
- ... Summary of the in vitro data support a beneficial effect of cranberry or its proanthocyanin constituents by blocking adhesion to and biofilm formation on target tissues of pathogens. In vivo data partially support these beneficial effects. Consumption of various cranberry products benefited young and elderly females in preventing urinary tract infections, and in conjunction with antibiotic treatme ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.copbio.2011.10.009
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2011.10.009
- Author:
- Fortino Solórzano-Santos; Maria Guadalupe Miranda-Novales
- Source:
- Current opinion in biotechnology 2012 v.23 no.2 pp. 136-141
- ISSN:
- 0958-1669
- Subject:
- Perilla; Staphylococcus aureus; Staphylococcus epidermidis; animals; antibacterial properties; antibiotics; antiseptics; bacteria; biopreservatives; carvacrol; clinical trials; drug resistance; enterotoxins; essential oils; foods; geraniol; herbs; oils; oral administration; septic shock; vegetables
- Abstract:
- ... Bacterial resistance to multiple antibiotics is a health problem. Essential oils (EOs) possess antibacterial properties and have been screened as potential sources of novel antimicrobial compounds. Terpenes and terpenoids are components derived from EOs. Some of these EOs show inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Carvacrol has specific effects on S. aureus and Staphylococcus epidermi ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.copbio.2011.08.005
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2011.08.005
- Author:
- Caterina Signoretto; Pietro Canepari; Monica Stauder; Luigi Vezzulli; Carla Pruzzo
- Source:
- Current opinion in biotechnology 2012 v.23 no.2 pp. 160-167
- ISSN:
- 0958-1669
- Subject:
- antibiotics; bacterial adhesion; bioactive properties; cranberries; drug resistance; functional foods; gingivitis; humans; infectious diseases; mathematical models; milk; mouth; periodontitis; tea; therapeutics; wines
- Abstract:
- ... Antibacterial strategies targeting bacterial adhesion to substrates are considered a valuable alternative to traditional antibiotic therapy, in view of the great advantage they bring in combating the infectious process at the very early stage without selecting for drug resistant cells. Amongst bioactive compounds with activity against bacterial adhesion, several are found in natural food and bever ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.copbio.2011.08.006
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2011.08.006
- Author:
- Tracy Lawson; David M Kramer; Christine A Raines
- Source:
- Current opinion in biotechnology 2012 v.23 no.2 pp. 215-220
- ISSN:
- 0958-1669
- Subject:
- C3 photosynthesis; C3 plants; breeding; crop yield; crops; high-throughput nucleotide sequencing; leaves; quantitative trait loci; screening
- Abstract:
- ... Increasing photosynthesis in C3 species has been identified as an approach to increase the yield of crop plants. Most of our knowledge of photosynthetic performance has come from studies in which plants were grown in controlled growth conditions but plants in natural environments have to cope with unpredictable and rapidly changing conditions. Plants adapt to the light environment in which they gr ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.copbio.2011.12.012
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2011.12.012
- Author:
- Sarah Covshoff; Julian M Hibberd
- Source:
- Current opinion in biotechnology 2012 v.23 no.2 pp. 209-214
- ISSN:
- 0958-1669
- Subject:
- C4 photosynthesis; crop yield; crops; human growth; human population; people
- Abstract:
- ... The growth rate of the human population is faster than improvements in crop yields. To feed people in the future, multiple strategies are required. One proposed approach is to raise the yield potential of C₃ crops by modifying photosynthesis to the more efficient C₄ pathway. Owing to complex changes associated with C₄ photosynthesis, it is no understatement to define this conversion as one of the ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.copbio.2011.12.011
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2011.12.011
- Author:
- Adele Papetti
- Source:
- Current opinion in biotechnology 2012 v.23 no.2 pp. 168-173
- ISSN:
- 0958-1669
- Subject:
- anti-infective agents; bioactive properties; detectors; electrophoresis; food matrix; microextraction; microwave treatment; solid phase extraction; spectrometers; supercritical fluid extraction
- Abstract:
- ... Nowadays there is an evident growing interest in natural antimicrobial compounds isolated from food matrices. According to the type of matrix, different isolation and purification steps are needed and as these active compounds belong to different chemical classes, also different chromatographic and electrophoretic methods coupled with various detectors (the most used diode array detector and mass ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.copbio.2011.09.001
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2011.09.001
- Author:
- Ian C Dodd; Juan Manuel Ruiz-Lozano
- Source:
- Current opinion in biotechnology 2012 v.23 no.2 pp. 236-242
- ISSN:
- 0958-1669
- Subject:
- aquaporins; crop yield; gene expression; inoculum; mycorrhizal fungi; nutrients; plant hormones; root systems; soil; soil bacteria; surface area; symbiosis; water management
- Abstract:
- ... Naturally occurring soil microbes may be used as inoculants to maintain crop yields despite decreased resource (water and nutrient) inputs. Plant symbiotic relationships with mycorrhizal fungi alter root aquaporin gene expression and greatly increase the surface area over which plant root systems take up water and nutrients. Soil bacteria on the root surface alter root phytohormone status thereby ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.copbio.2011.09.005
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2011.09.005
- Author:
- Filomena Nazzaro; Pierangelo Orlando; Florinda Fratianni; Raffaele Coppola
- Source:
- Current opinion in biotechnology 2012 v.23 no.2 pp. 182-186
- ISSN:
- 0958-1669
- Subject:
- anti-infective properties; biotechnology; essential oils; food packaging; functional foods; gastrointestinal system; lactic acid bacteria; microencapsulation; polyphenols; probiotics
- Abstract:
- ... Microencapsulation can represent an excellent example of microtechnologies applied to food science and biotechnology. Microencapsulation can be successfully applied to entrap natural compounds, like essential oils or vegetal extracts containing polyphenols with well known antimicrobial properties to be used in food packaging. Microencapsulation preserves lactic acid bacteria, both starters and pro ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.copbio.2011.10.001
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2011.10.001
- Author:
- Eng-Kiat Lim; Dianna Bowles
- Source:
- Current opinion in biotechnology 2012 v.23 no.2 pp. 271-277
- ISSN:
- 0958-1669
- Subject:
- bioactive properties; biomass; biorefining; breeding; cell culture; drugs; engineering; feedstocks; flavor; odors; pesticides; production technology; sweeteners
- Abstract:
- ... Bioactive small molecules are important dietary components of food, as well as being widely used in diverse industrial sectors, from flavours, fragrances and sweeteners through to natural pesticides and pharmaceuticals. Plants already manufacture many of these bioactives, but often in yields that are not commercially competitive. There are a variety of new pathway engineering, cell culture and mol ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.copbio.2011.12.008
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2011.12.008