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- Author:
- Liu, Shuchang; Liu, Feng; Jia, Haihong; Yan, Yan; Wang, Hongfang; Guo, Xingqi; Xu, Baohua
- Source:
- Die Naturwissenschaften 2016 v.103 no.5-6 pp. 43
- ISSN:
- 0028-1042
- Subject:
- Apis cerana; Escherichia coli; Western blotting; abiotic stress; adults; amino acid sequences; antioxidant activity; antioxidants; gene expression; genes; glutathione; glutathione transferase; insecticide resistance; insecticides; insects; microbial growth; oxidative stress; phylogeny; quantitative polymerase chain reaction
- Abstract:
- ... Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are an important family of multifunctional enzymes in aerobic organisms. They play a crucial role in the detoxification of exogenous compounds, especially insecticides, and protection against oxidative stress. Most previous studies of GSTs in insects have largely focused on their role in insecticide resistance. Here, we isolated a theta class GST gene designated A ...
- DOI:
- 10.1007/s00114-016-1362-3
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00114-016-1362-3
- Author:
- Brandstetter, Birgit; Ruther, Joachim
- Source:
- Die Naturwissenschaften 2016 v.103 no.5-6 pp. 40
- ISSN:
- 0028-1042
- Subject:
- Nasonia vitripennis; body fat; diet; fatty acid composition; hosts; insects; invertebrates; linoleic acid; males; nutrients; oleic acid; parasitic wasps; rearing; sex pheromones; stearic acid; vertebrates; virgin females
- Abstract:
- ... The availability of linoleic acid (LA; C18:2∆⁹,¹²) is pivotal for animals. While vertebrates depend on a nutritional supply, some invertebrates, including the parasitic wasp Nasonia vitripennis, are able to synthesize LA from oleic acid (OA; C18:1∆⁹). This raises the question as to whether these animals nevertheless benefit from the additional uptake of LA with the diet. LA plays an important role ...
- DOI:
- 10.1007/s00114-016-1365-0
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00114-016-1365-0
- Author:
- Avril, Amaury; Purcell, Jessica; Chapuisat, Michel
- Source:
- Die Naturwissenschaften 2016 v.103 no.5-6 pp. 36
- ISSN:
- 0028-1042
- Subject:
- Formica selysi; floods; group behavior; insect behavior; memory; social insects
- Abstract:
- ... By working together, social insects achieve tasks that are beyond the reach of single individuals. A striking example of collective behaviour is self-assembly, a process in which individuals link their bodies together to form structures such as chains, ladders, walls or rafts. To get insight into how individual behavioural variation affects the formation of self-assemblages, we investigated the pr ...
- DOI:
- 10.1007/s00114-016-1360-5
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00114-016-1360-5
- Author:
- Sparks, Jackson T.; Dickens, Joseph C.
- Source:
- Die Naturwissenschaften 2016 v.103 no.5-6 pp. 39
- ISSN:
- 0028-1042
- Subject:
- Anopheles quadrimaculatus; animals; antifeedants; blood; deet; egg production; electrophysiology; females; geraniol; host seeking; hosts; human diseases; insect repellents; isomers; labellum (insects); models; neurons; quinidine; quinine; sensilla; taste
- Abstract:
- ... Female mosquitoes feed on blood from animal hosts to obtain nutritional resources used for egg production. These contacts facilitate the spread of harmful human diseases. Chemical repellents are used to disrupt mosquito host-seeking and blood-feeding behaviors; however, little is known about the gustatory sensitivity of mosquitoes to known repellents. Here, we recorded electrical responses from gu ...
- DOI:
- 10.1007/s00114-016-1367-y
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00114-016-1367-y
- Author:
- Loch, Carolina; Boessenecker, Robert W.; Churchill, Morgan; Kieser, Jules
- Source:
- Die Naturwissenschaften 2016 v.103 no.5-6 pp. 44
- ISSN:
- 0028-1042
- Subject:
- Arctocephalus; Cetacea; Odobenus rosmarus; Phocarctos hookeri; biomechanics; cracking; enamel; face; fossils; mastication; prisms; scanning electron microscopy; seals; teeth; ultrastructure; New Zealand
- Abstract:
- ... This study aimed to assess the enamel ultrastructure in modern otariid pinnipeds and in the extinct walrus Pelagiarctos. Teeth of the New Zealand fur seal (Arctocephalus forsteri), sea lion (Phocarctos hookeri), and fossil walrus Pelagiarctos thomasi were embedded, sectioned, etched, and analyzed via scanning electron microscopy. The enamel of NZ otariids and Pelagiarctos was prismatic and moderat ...
- DOI:
- 10.1007/s00114-016-1366-z
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00114-016-1366-z
- Author:
- Teseo, Serafino; Veerus, Liisa; Mery, Frédéric
- Source:
- Die Naturwissenschaften 2016 v.103 no.5-6 pp. 38
- ISSN:
- 0028-1042
- Subject:
- Drosophila melanogaster; animals; courtship; fruit flies; males; motivation; reproductive behavior
- Abstract:
- ... In animals, correlations exist among behaviors within individuals, but it is unclear whether experience in a specific functional context can affect behavior across different contexts. Here, we use Drosophila melanogaster to investigate the effects of conflict-induced behavioral modifications on male mating behavior. In D. melanogaster, males fight for territories and experience a strong winner-los ...
- DOI:
- 10.1007/s00114-016-1368-x
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00114-016-1368-x
- Author:
- Pamminger, Tobias; Steier, Thomas; Tragust, Simon
- Source:
- Die Naturwissenschaften 2016 v.103 no.5-6 pp. 46
- ISSN:
- 0028-1042
- Subject:
- Lasius neglectus; ambient temperature; disease resistance; global change; host-parasite relationships; hosts; immunity; invasive species; pathogens; social insects
- Abstract:
- ... Environmental temperature and temperature variation can have strong effects on the outcome of host-parasite interactions. Whilst such effects have been reported for different host systems, long-term consequences of pre-infection temperatures on host susceptibility and immunity remain understudied. Here, we show that experiencing both a biologically relevant increase in temperature and temperature ...
- DOI:
- 10.1007/s00114-016-1373-0
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00114-016-1373-0
- Author:
- Rao, H. C. Yashavantha; Rakshith, Devaraju; Gurudatt, D. M.; Satish, Sreedharamurthy
- Source:
- Die Naturwissenschaften 2016 v.103 no.5-6 pp. 45
- ISSN:
- 0028-1042
- Subject:
- Combretum; Nocardiopsis prasina; anti-infective agents; chromatography; endophytes; ethyl acetate; genes; genetic databases; genomics; humans; metabolites; minimum inhibitory concentration; multiple drug resistance; nucleotide sequences; pathogens; polyketide synthases; polyketides; prediction; ribosomal RNA; India
- Abstract:
- ... Advanced approach in probing for polyketide antimicrobials requires novel genomics and chromatographic strategies. An endophytic strain CLA68 was isolated from the root of Combretum latifolium Blume (Combretaceae) collected from the Western Ghats of Southern India. Strain CLA68 was then identified as Nocardiopsis prasina by its characteristic culture morphology and analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequen ...
- DOI:
- 10.1007/s00114-016-1370-3
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00114-016-1370-3
- Author:
- Greene, Lydia K.; Wallen, Timothy W.; Moresco, Anneke; Goodwin, Thomas E.; Drea, Christine M.
- Source:
- Die Naturwissenschaften 2016 v.103 no.5-6 pp. 37
- ISSN:
- 0028-1042
- Subject:
- Arctictis binturong; Maillard reaction; ambient temperature; androstenedione; blood serum; enzyme immunoassays; females; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; males; mammals; odors; popcorn; scent marking behavior; semiochemicals; smell; urine; volatile compounds
- Abstract:
- ... Members of the order Carnivora rely on urinary scent signaling, particularly for communicating about reproductive parameters. Here, we describe reproductive endocrine patterns in relation to urinary olfactory cues in a vulnerable and relatively unknown viverrid—the binturong (Arctictis binturong). Female binturongs are larger than and dominate males, and both sexes engage in glandular and urinary ...
- DOI:
- 10.1007/s00114-016-1361-4
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00114-016-1361-4
- Author:
- Frynta, Daniel; Vejvodová, Tereza; Šimková, Olga
- Source:
- Die Naturwissenschaften 2016 v.103 no.5-6 pp. 48
- ISSN:
- 0028-1042
- Subject:
- Chilabothrus; body size; breeding; daughters; females; males; morphometry; mothers; neonates; philopatry; prediction; sex allocation; sex determination; sex ratio; sexual dimorphism; snakes; sons; variance
- Abstract:
- ... Secondary sex ratios of animals with genetically determined sex may considerably deviate from equality. These deviations may be attributed to several proximate and ultimate factors. Sex ratio theory explains some of them as strategic decisions of mothers improving their fitness by selective investment in sons or daughters, e.g. local resource competition hypothesis (LRC) suggests that philopatric ...
- DOI:
- 10.1007/s00114-016-1369-9
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00114-016-1369-9
- Author:
- Tentelier, Cédric; Lepais, Olivier; Larranaga, Nicolas; Manicki, Aurélie; Lange, Frédéric; Rives, Jacques
- Source:
- Die Naturwissenschaften 2016 v.103 no.5-6 pp. 47
- ISSN:
- 0028-1042
- Subject:
- Salmo salar; body size; males; mating behavior; models; parentage; phenotype; progeny; reproductive success; sexual selection; variance
- Abstract:
- ... The precocious maturation of some male Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) has become a textbook example of alternative mating tactics, but the only estimates of reproductive success available so far are either the collective contribution of precocious males to reproduction in the wild or individual reproductive success in oversimplified experimental conditions. Using genetic parentage analysis on an ...
- DOI:
- 10.1007/s00114-016-1372-1
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00114-016-1372-1
- Author:
- Seid, Marc A.; Junge, Erich
- Source:
- Die Naturwissenschaften 2016 v.103 no.5-6 pp. 42
- ISSN:
- 0028-1042
- Subject:
- Camponotus floridanus; mammals; memory; mushroom bodies; progeny; social impact; social insects; social networks
- Abstract:
- ... Social interactions play a key role in the healthy development of social animals and are most pronounced in species with complex social networks. When developing offspring do not receive proper social interaction, they show developmental impairments. This effect is well documented in mammalian species but controversial in social insects. It has been hypothesized that the enlargement of the mushroo ...
- DOI:
- 10.1007/s00114-016-1364-1
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00114-016-1364-1
- Author:
- Ichikawa, Toshio; Toh, Yoshihiro; Sakamoto, Hirofumi
- Source:
- Die Naturwissenschaften 2016 v.103 no.5-6 pp. 41
- ISSN:
- 0028-1042
- Subject:
- Zophobas atratus; claws; femur; friction; insects; muscles; tibia
- Abstract:
- ... Many insects have a pair of claws on the tip of each foot (tarsus and pretarsus). The movement of the pretarsal claws is mediated by a long apodeme that originates from the claw retractor muscles in the femur. It is generally accepted that the pulling of the apodeme by the muscles flexes the claws to engage with a rough surface of a substrate, and the flexed claws return to their initial position ...
- DOI:
- 10.1007/s00114-016-1363-2
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00114-016-1363-2
- Author:
- Takeshita, Fumio; Murai, Minoru
- Source:
- Die Naturwissenschaften 2016 v.103 no.5-6 pp. 49
- ISSN:
- 0028-1042
- Subject:
- Uca; acoustics; body size; burrows; crabs; females; males; mating behavior
- Abstract:
- ... In some fiddler crab species, males emit vibrations from their burrows to mate-searching females after they have attracted a female to the burrow entrance using a waving display. Although the vibrations are considered acoustic signals to induce mating, it has not been demonstrated whether the vibrations attract the females into the burrow and, consequently, influence females’ mating decisions. We ...
- DOI:
- 10.1007/s00114-016-1371-2
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00114-016-1371-2