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1. A Comparative Analysis of Potential Nitrification and Nitrate Mobility in Forest Ecosystems

Author:
Vitousek, Peter M.; Gosz, James R.; Grier, Charles C.; Melillo, Jerry M.; Reiners, William A.
Source:
Ecological monographs 1982 v.52 no.2 pp. 155-177
ISSN:
0012-9615
Subject:
Abies balsamea; ammonium; carbon nitrogen ratio; forest damage; forest ecosystems; forest litter; forests; hardwood; laboratory experimentation; mineral soils; mineralization; nitrates; nitrification; nitrifying bacteria; nitrogen; nitrogen retention; organic nitrogen compounds; rooting; trenching; Indiana; New Hampshire; New Mexico; Oregon
Abstract:
... The controls of potential nitrogen mineralization, nitrate production, and nitrate mobilization in a wide range of forest ecosystems were investigated through a combination of field and laboratory experiments. Trenched plot experiments were performed in 17 forests, and laboratory incubation studies of potential ammonium and nitrate production were made on soils from 14 of these sites. The site wit ...
DOI:
10.2307/1942609

2. A Late‐Quaternary Vegetation History from Hanging Lake, Northern Yukon

Author:
Cwynar, Les C.
Source:
Ecological monographs 1982 v.52 no.1 pp. 1-24
ISSN:
0012-9615
Subject:
Alnus viridis subsp. crispa; Artemisia; Betula; Brassicaceae; Ericales; Holocene epoch; Myrica gale; Picea; Pleistocene epoch; Poaceae; Populus; Typha latifolia; climate; flora; habitats; lakes; organic soils; paleobotany; palynology; plant communities; pollen; radiocarbon dating; sedimentation rate; sediments; shrublands; stratigraphy; vegetation cover; Arctic region; Siberia; Yukon Territory
Abstract:
... A 403—cm core was recovered from Hanging Lake in unglaciated northern Yukon. Twenty—one radiocarbon dates indicate that the section is at least 25 000 and possibly 33 000 yr old; they permit the calculation of pollen influxes for the full—glacial in eastern Beringia. Numerical methods were used to divide the pollen stratigraphy into five zones. From prior to 33 000 to 18 450 BP, a herb zone was do ...
DOI:
10.2307/2937342

3. An Analysis of Avifauna‐Resource Relationships on the Serengeti Plains

Author:
Folse, L. Joseph, Jr.
Source:
Ecological monographs 1982 v.52 no.2 pp. 111-127
ISSN:
0012-9615
Subject:
avifauna; biomass; birds; food availability; grasslands; habitats; population density; vegetation structure; Tanzania
Abstract:
... The objectives of this study were: (1) to test the hypothesis that food was the principal proximate factor limiting the distribution of birds on the Serengeti Plains of Tanzania, and (2) to generate a satisfactory description of the relationships of the Serengeti avifauna to selected habitat factors. I analyzed natural changes in the avifauna among habitats through time and related these changes t ...
DOI:
10.2307/1942607

4. A Population Model of the Lizard Uta stansburiana in Southern Nevada

Author:
Turner, Frederick B.; Medica, Philip A.; Bridges, Kent W.; Jennrich, Robert I.
Source:
Ecological monographs 1982 v.52 no.3 pp. 243-259
ISSN:
0012-9615
Subject:
Gambelia; adults; age structure; air temperature; clutch size; data collection; egg production; equations; females; irrigation; lizards; models; population density; population dynamics; predation; prediction; rain; regression analysis; spring; survival rate; winter; yearlings; Nevada
Abstract:
... Population densities, reproduction, and survival of the lizard Uta stansburiana were measured at the Nevada Test Site in southern Nevada, USA, between 1964 and 1974. These data were used to develop a model of the population dynamics of this species. Results of irrigation experiments in 0.4—ha enclosures near Mercury, Nevada, were used to formulate multiple—regression equations predicting frequency ...
DOI:
10.2307/2937330

5. Coexistence in a Kelp Forest: Size, Population Dynamics, and Resource Partitioning in a Guild of Spider Crabs (Brachyura, Majidae)

Author:
Hines, Anson H.
Source:
Ecological monographs 1982 v.52 no.2 pp. 179-198
ISSN:
0012-9615
Subject:
Cystoseira; Macrocystis pyrifera; Majidae; Mimulus; adults; autumn; body size; coasts; color; crabs; detritus; diet; ecological differentiation; females; fish; foraging; grazing; juveniles; kelp forests; littoral zone; macroalgae; microhabitats; morphs; mortality; population dynamics; predation; predators; spring; stomach; storms; summer; water temperature; winter; California
Abstract:
... The population dynamics and resource partitioning of five species of spider crabs (Loxorhynchus crispatus, Pugettia producta, Mimulus foliatus, Pugettia richii, and Scyra acutifrons) were measured in a kelp forest on the central California coasts. The distribution of the five species showed zones of peak abundances along a transect from the intertidal zone through the kelp forest to a deep reef. P ...
DOI:
10.2307/1942610

6. Colony Defense Strategies of the Honeybees in Thailand

Author:
Seeley, Thomas D.; Seeley, Robin Hadlock; Akratanakul, Pongthep
Source:
Ecological monographs 1982 v.52 no.1 pp. 43-63
ISSN:
0012-9615
Subject:
Apis cerana; Apis dorsata; Apis florea; Oecophylla smaragdina; Primates; birds; bites and stings; branches; caves; colony defense; evolution; forest trees; nesting; nesting sites; nests; physiology; polyethism; predation; predators; stinging; vegetation; wasps; worker honey bees; Thailand
Abstract:
... The colony defense strategies of the three honeybee species in Thailand were studied to examine the influence of predation on tropical honeybee societies. Each species focuses its defenses upon different stages in the predation sequence of detection—approach—consumption. This radiation in defense strategies apparently reflects each species' preadaptation by worker size (small, medium—sized, or lar ...
DOI:
10.2307/2937344

7. Community Structure and Productivity in Ceanothus Chaparral and Coastal Sage Scrub of Southern California

Author:
Gray, John T.
Source:
Ecological monographs 1982 v.52 no.4 pp. 415-434
ISSN:
0012-9615
Subject:
Artemisia californica; Ceanothus; Salvia leucophylla; altitude; biomass; branches; chaparral; community structure; dead wood; ecosystems; flowering; flowers; fruiting; fruits; growing season; leaves; mountains; net primary productivity; nutrients; photosynthesis; plant litter; rain; reproduction; shrublands; shrubs; summer; winter; wood; California
Abstract:
... Adjacent, 22—yr—old stands of evergreen chaparral and drought—deciduous coastal sages scrub at a low—elevation site near the ocean in the Santa Monica Mountains of California were analyzed. The chaparral is a pure stand of Ceanothus megacarpus and has an aboveground live biomass of 6482 g/m². The coastal sage scrub is co—dominated by Salvia leucophylla and Artemisia californica and has an abovegro ...
DOI:
10.2307/2937353

8. Depth Zonation of Corals in the Gulf of Panama: Control and Facilitation by Resident Reef Fishes

Author:
Wellington, Gerard M.
Source:
Ecological monographs 1982 v.52 no.3 pp. 223-241
ISSN:
0012-9615
Subject:
Pavona; Pomacentridae; Scaridae; Tetraodontidae; algae; benthic organisms; censuses; community structure; coral reefs; corals; field experimentation; fish; grazing; immigration; juveniles; models; nesting sites; omnivores; predation; surface area; survival rate; topography; Pacific Ocean; Panama
Abstract:
... The mechanism that control the distribution and abundance of major benthic organisms in subtidal coral reef communities are poorly understood. Through field experimentation and manipulations, this study investigated the factors that account for the vertical zonation patterns found on a fringing reef in the Gulf of Panama (Pacific). In this community, pocilloporid corals form a near—monotypic stand ...
DOI:
10.2307/2937329

9. Distribution Ecology: Variation in Plant Recruitment over a Gradient in Relation to Insect Seed Predation

Author:
Louda, Svata M.
Source:
Ecological monographs 1982 v.52 no.1 pp. 25-41
ISSN:
0012-9615
Subject:
Haplopappus; adults; coasts; flowers; granivores; indigenous species; insects; juveniles; mature plants; mountains; plant establishment; population distribution; seed predation; seedlings; seeds; shrublands; shrubs; species recruitment; survival rate; California
Abstract:
... Although predispersal seed predation by insects is common, no test exists of its effect on plant recruitment. This study examines seed predation in the population dynamics of a native, temperate shrub, Haplopappus squarrosus H. and A. (Asteraceae), over an elevational gradient in the coastal sage scrub vegetation of San Diego County, California USA. Frequency and abundance of H. squarrosus increas ...
DOI:
10.2307/2937343

10. Ecological History of Lake Valencia, Venezuela: Interpretation of Animal Microfossils and Some Chemical, Physical, and Geological Features

Author:
Binford, Michael W.
Source:
Ecological monographs 1982 v.52 no.3 pp. 307-333
ISSN:
0012-9615
Subject:
Cladocera; Ostracoda; Platyhelminthes; animal communities; animals; basins; egg masses; insects; lakes; microfossils; mouthparts; radiocarbon dating; sediments; terraces; Venezuela
Abstract:
... The developmental history of Lake Valencia, Venezuela, over the past 12 500 yr was studied by means of animal remains and some chemical and physical variables in three sediment cores. Radiocarbon dates of abandoned beach terraces also provided information for the interpretation of former lake levels. Transects of surficial sediments in the lake served as modern analogues for both animal communitie ...
DOI:
10.2307/2937333

11. Experimental Analyses of Structural Regulation in a Marine Sand Community Exposed to Oceanic Swell

Author:
VanBlaricom, Glenn R.
Source:
Ecological monographs 1982 v.52 no.3 pp. 283-305
ISSN:
0012-9615
Subject:
Asteroidea; Citharichthys stigmaeus; Metacarcinus gracilis; Myliobatis; Portunus; cages; crabs; detritus; fauna; habitat preferences; habitats; larvae; metamorphosis; mortality; organic matter; postlarvae; predation; predators; sand; seasonal variation; swimming; California
Abstract:
... The development of general theories concerning the origin and maintenance of community organization in marine sedimentary environments will benefit from studies of similar processes in the widest possible range of habitat types. The roles of predation and disturbance by large epibenthos are thought to be significant in many such habitats, but the bulk of recent experimental confirmation comes from ...
DOI:
10.2307/2937332

12. Experimental and Mathematical Analyses of Herbivore Movement: Quantifying the Influence of Plant Spacing and Quality on Foraging Discrimination

Author:
Kareiva, Peter
Source:
Ecological monographs 1982 v.52 no.3 pp. 261-282
ISSN:
0012-9615
Subject:
Brassica oleracea; Markov chain; Phyllotreta cruciferae; Phyllotreta striolata; collard greens; foraging; herbivores; models; pruning; vegetation
Abstract:
... Using mark—recapture experiments, I studied the foraging movements of two crucifer feeding flea beetles, Phyllotreta cruciferae and P. striolata. To determine the influence of distance between host patches, and their quality, on beetle movement, I released marked beetles in experimental arrays of collards (Brassica oleracea). I quantified and interpreted movement behavior by applying a passive dif ...
DOI:
10.2307/2937331

13. Fire and Landscape Diversity in Subalpine Forests of Yellowstone National Park

Author:
Romme, William H.
Source:
Ecological monographs 1982 v.52 no.2 pp. 199-221
ISSN:
0012-9615
Subject:
Dendroctonus ponderosae; biogeochemical cycles; burning; ecosystems; fire frequency; fire history; fire regime; fire suppression; fire weather; forest fires; forest types; fuels (fire ecology); highlands; issues and policy; landscapes; lightning; national parks; secondary succession; simulation models; stream flow; subalpine forests; watersheds; wildlife habitats; Wyoming
Abstract:
... Fire history was determined by fire scar analysis in a 73—km² subalpine watershed in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, USA. Evidence was found for 15 fires since 1600, of which 7 were major fires that burned >4 ha, destroyed the existing forest, and initiated secondary succession. Most of the upland forest area was burned by large, destructive fires in the middle and late 1700's. Fires since the ...
DOI:
10.2307/1942611

14. Fish Community Structure and Function along Two Habitat Gradients in a Headwater Stream

Author:
Schlosser, Isaac J.
Source:
Ecological monographs 1982 v.52 no.4 pp. 395-414
ISSN:
0012-9615
Subject:
Cyprinidae; adults; age structure; anthropogenic activities; autumn; biomass; community structure; competitive exclusion; energy; fish; fish communities; fish production; habitats; hydrologic cycle; immigration; insect density; insectivores; insects; invertebrates; predation; pupae; raceways; rain; reproductive success; riparian vegetation; species richness; spring; stream channels; summer; temporal variation; water; water temperature; winter
Abstract:
... The stream continuum concept suggests that the physical structure of the stream channel coupled with the hydrological cycle and energy inputs results in a consistent pattern of community structure and function along a stream. I evaluated this concept in a headwater fish community along two physical gradient gradients: upstream to downstream and riffle to pool. Habitat diversity and volume increase ...
DOI:
10.2307/2937352

15. Longevity, Life History, and Relative Body Wall Size in Sea Urchins

Author:
Ebert, Thomas A.
Source:
Ecological monographs 1982 v.52 no.4 pp. 353-394
ISSN:
0012-9615
Subject:
Echinometra; Tripneustes gratilla; animals; atolls; equations; integument; life history; longevity; probability; regression analysis; survival rate; Hawaii; Israel; Kenya; New South Wales; Queensland; Seychelles; Sri Lanka; Western Australia; Zanzibar
Abstract:
... Annual survival rates in 38 populations of 17 sea urchins species in the Indo—West Pacific were related to relative size of the body wall and exposure to the surf. The urchin species are: Heterocentrotus trigonarius, H. mammillatus, Colobocentrotus atratus, Echinometra mathaei, E. oblonga, and Heliocidaris erythrogramma in the family Echinometridae; Prionocidaris baculosa in the Cidaridae; Stomopn ...
DOI:
10.2307/2937351

16. Phytoplankton in an Oligotrophic Ocean: Observations and Questions

Author:
Venrick, E. L.
Source:
Ecological monographs 1982 v.52 no.2 pp. 129-154
ISSN:
0012-9615
Subject:
phytoplankton; predation; spatial distribution
Abstract:
... Details of the vertical distribution of oceanic phytoplankton species are investigated by means of four stations occupied during June 1977 and August 1978 near 28°N, 155°W. Two distinct, recurring floral associations, separated by a region of rapid transition near or below 100 m, are identified. The associations are apparently related to the "nutrient limited" and "light limited" physiological reg ...
DOI:
10.2307/1942608

17. Temporal Succession in a Desert Stream Ecosystem Following Flash Flooding

Author:
Fisher, Stuart G.; Gray, Lawrence J.; Grimm, Nancy B.; Busch, David E.
Source:
Ecological monographs 1982 v.52 no.1 pp. 93-110
ISSN:
0012-9615
Subject:
Bacillariophyceae; Chlorophyta; Cyanobacteria; Diptera; Ephemeroptera; adults; algae; biomass; community structure; drying; floods; gross primary productivity; immigration; lotic systems; macroinvertebrates; models; morphometry; net primary productivity; nitrates; organic matter; oviposition; oxygen; phosphorus; streams; summer; Arizona
Abstract:
... Recovery of a desert stream after an intense flash flooding event is described as a model of temporal succession in lotic ecosystems. A late summer flood in Sycamore Creek, Arizona, virtually eliminated algae and reduced invertebrate standing crop by 98%. Physical and morphometric conditions typical of the preflood period were restored in 2 d and the biota recovered in 2—3 wk. Algal communities re ...
DOI:
10.2307/2937346

18. The Demography of Jack‐in‐the‐Pulpit, a Forest Perennial that Changes Sex

Author:
Bierzychudek, Paulette
Source:
Ecological monographs 1982 v.52 no.4 pp. 335-351
ISSN:
0012-9615
Subject:
Arisaema triphyllum; asexual reproduction; deciduous forests; demography; females; flowers; life history; males; models; mortality; pollinators; population growth; sexual reproduction; temporal variation
Abstract:
... A size—classified transition matrix model of the demography of Arisaema triphyllum, a perennial herb of temperate deciduous forest, was constructed from 3 yr of field data from two different sites. Arisaema is quite unusual in that individuals change sex in a pattern determined by their sizes: small individuals do not flower, larger individuals reproduce as males, and the largest as females. As pl ...
DOI:
10.2307/2937350

19. The Evolution of the Life Histories of Four Species of Intertidal Limpets

Author:
Parry, Gregory D.
Source:
Ecological monographs 1982 v.52 no.1 pp. 65-91
ISSN:
0012-9615
Subject:
Labridae; adults; breeding; energy; evolution; interspecific variation; life history; limpets; littoral zone; mortality; population dynamics; predation; risk; starvation
Abstract:
... The life histories of four species of intertidal limpets, Cellana tramoserica, Notoacmea petterdi, Patella peroni, and Patelloida alticostata, which occur on the same shore but in different tidal zones, are compared. The population dynamics (recruitment, growth, and mortality) and the causes of mortality of each species are investigated. C. tramoserica and P. peroni have similar rates of growth an ...
DOI:
10.2307/2937345

20. The Importance of Predation and Intra‐ and Interspecific Competition in the Population Biology of Two Infaunal Suspension‐Feeding Bivalves, Protothaca staminea and Chione undatella

Author:
Peterson, Charles H.
Source:
Ecological monographs 1982 v.52 no.4 pp. 437-475
ISSN:
0012-9615
Subject:
Bivalvia; Metacarcinus anthonyi; adults; clams; energy; gonads; habitats; interspecific competition; life history; predation; predators; reproduction; risk; sand; starvation; survival rate; suspension feeding; tissues; variance; California
Abstract:
... To estimate the effects of varying density on individual and population parameters of two infaunal, suspension—feeding bivalves, Protothaca staminea and Chione undatella, densities of both species were varied experimentally from their natural levels (X) in shallow, subtidal field enclosures in Mugu Lagoon, California. A factorial design with densities ranging from ½X to 8X in two sand habitat matr ...
DOI:
10.2307/2937354