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You searched for: Journal Ecosphere Remove constraint Journal: Ecosphere Publication Year 2019 Remove constraint Publication Year: 2019 Source 2019 v.10 no.6 Remove constraint Source: 2019 v.10 no.6
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1. Are we approaching a water ceiling to maize yields in the United States?

Author:
DeLucia, Evan H.; Chen, Shiliu; Guan, Kaiyu; Peng, Bin; Li, Yan; Gomez‐Casanovas, Nuria; Kantola, Ilsa B.; Bernacchi, Carl J.; Huang, Yuefei; Long, Stephen P.; Ort, Donald R.
Source:
Ecosphere 2019 v.10 no.6 pp. e02773
ISSN:
2150-8925
Subject:
bioenergy; biomass production; corn; crop yield; cultivars; evapotranspiration; grasses; growing season; irrigation; rain; temperature; vapor pressure deficit; water use efficiency; Corn Belt region; Midwestern United States
Abstract:
... While annual precipitation in much of the US Corn Belt is likely to remain constant, atmospheric vapor pressure deficit (VPD), the driver of crop water loss (evapotranspiration; ET), is projected to increase from ~2.2 kPa today to ~2.7 kPa by mid‐century primarily due to the temperature increase. Without irrigation, it has been hypothesized that the increase in VPD will create a ceiling to future ...
DOI:
10.1002/ecs2.2773

2. Benthification, biotic homogenization behind the trophic downgrading in altered ecosystems

Author:
Bezerra, Luis Artur Valões; Ribeiro, Vanessa Maria; Freitas, Matheus Oliveira; Kaufman, Les; Padial, Andre Andrian; Vitule, Jean Ricardo Simões
Source:
Ecosphere 2019 v.10 no.6 pp. e02757
ISSN:
2150-8925
Subject:
Micropterus salmoides; Neotropics; Oreochromis; adults; aquatic ecosystems; aquatic food webs; biomass; birds; carbon; detritivores; detritus; fish; indigenous species; introduced species; invasive species; invertebrates; issues and policy; juveniles; lakes; omnivores; predation; predators; stable isotopes; trophic levels; Africa; Brazil; North America
Abstract:
... Several dozen fish species have been introduced into Neotropical waters, causing significant biotic changes that include deterministic predation interactions with ecosystem effects. In general, reservoirs are preferred over lakes as places for stocking policies, due to their artificial aspect, consequently promoting fish introductions. In a meta‐analytic approach, we compared the biomass of plankt ...
DOI:
10.1002/ecs2.2757

3. Congruence between future distribution models and empirical data for an iconic species at Joshua Tree National Park

Author:
Sweet, Lynn C.; Green, Tyler; Heintz, James G. C.; Frakes, Neil; Graver, Nicolas; Rangitsch, Jeff S.; Rodgers, Jane E.; Heacox, Scott; Barrows, Cameron W.
Source:
Ecosphere 2019 v.10 no.6 pp. e02763
ISSN:
2150-8925
Subject:
Yucca brevifolia; biodiversity; carbon; climate; climate change; deserts; emissions; extinction; meteorological data; national parks; prediction; refuge habitats; scientists; statistical models; teams; temperature; trees; California; Colorado
Abstract:
... U.S. national parks protect a natural heritage of global significance; those parks, especially those in the arid southwest, are threatened by climate change. Identifying climate refugia within our national parks using not only statistical models, but also validating predictions using robust field data should provide focus for managers in their stewardship of parks’ biological resources. In the reg ...
DOI:
10.1002/ecs2.2763

4. Designing network‐connected systems for ecological research and education

Author:
Kubizňák, Petr; Hochachka, Wesley M.; Osoba, Vlastimil; Kotek, Tomáš; Kuchař, Jan; Klapetek, Václav; Hradcová, Kateřina; Růžička, Jan; Zárybnická, Markéta
Source:
Ecosphere 2019 v.10 no.6 pp. e02761
ISSN:
2150-8925
Subject:
birds; cameras; data collection; humans; information management; life history; nest boxes; nesting; science education; urban areas; wild animals
Abstract:
... While networked sensors are becoming a ubiquitous part of many human lives, their applications to the study of wild animals have been largely limited to off‐the‐shelf and stand‐alone technologies such as web cameras. However, purpose‐designed systems, applying features found in Internet‐of‐Things devices, enable more efficient gathering, managing, and disseminating of a diverse array of data neede ...
DOI:
10.1002/ecs2.2761

5. Direct and indirect effects of nesting density on survival and breeding propensity of an endangered shorebird

Author:
Catlin, Daniel H.; Gibson, Daniel; Hunt, Kelsi L.; Friedrich, Meryl J.; Weithman, Chelsea E.; Karpanty, Sarah M.; Fraser, James D.
Source:
Ecosphere 2019 v.10 no.6 pp. e02740
ISSN:
2150-8925
Subject:
Bayesian theory; Charadrius melodus; adults; age structure; birds; breeding; demography; habitats; models; nesting; nests; pioneer species; river flow; survival rate; uncertainty; Missouri River; Nebraska; South Dakota
Abstract:
... Density‐dependent regulation is a fundamental part of ecological theory and a significant driver of animal demography often through complex feedback loops. We investigated the relationship between flood‐ and demographically induced fluctuations in density and the breeding propensity and survival of a pioneer species, the piping plover (plover, Charadrius melodus). We captured and marked adult and ...
DOI:
10.1002/ecs2.2740

6. Distribution of fish among Avicennia and Sonneratia microhabitats in a tropical mangrove ecosystem in South China

Author:
Zhang, Yamian; Ding, Yipeng; Wang, Wenqing; Li, Yuanxi; Wang, Mao
Source:
Ecosphere 2019 v.10 no.6 pp. e02759
ISSN:
2150-8925
Subject:
Avicennia marina; Sonneratia apetala; biomass; estuaries; fish; fish communities; mangrove ecosystems; mangroves (trees); microhabitats; pneumatophores; China
Abstract:
... Mangrove structural complexity plays an important role in the way fish using their habitat. However, the effects of structural attributes on fish spatial distribution remain uncertain. In this study, we sampled fish at three easily identifiable microhabitats (i.e., vegetated area with both mangrove trees and pneumatophores, pneumatophore area without trees, and adjacent mudflat without trees and p ...
DOI:
10.1002/ecs2.2759

7. Ecosystem‐scale loss of grazing habitat impacted by abundance of dominant herbivores

Author:
Uher‐Koch, Brian D.; Schmutz, Joel A.; Wilson, Heather M.; Anthony, R. Michael; Day, Thomas L.; Fondell, Thomas F.; Person, Brian T.; Sedinger, James S.
Source:
Ecosphere 2019 v.10 no.6 pp. e02767
ISSN:
2150-8925
Subject:
birds; breeding; breeding sites; data collection; grazing; habitats; herbivores; lawns and turf; models; nests; nutritive value; phenology; plant communities; predators; remote sensing; reproductive success; spring; vegetation
Abstract:
... Grazing lawns, patches of grazing‐tolerant plants with high nutrient value, provide important habitat for herbivores, and changes in abundance can impact herbivore populations. Grazing lawns are maintained in quality and quantity by repeated grazing and are a result of a positive feedback since the availability of grazing lawn can increase herbivore populations and increased herbivore populations ...
DOI:
10.1002/ecs2.2767

8. Effects of native bryophytes on exotic grass invasion across an environmental gradient

Author:
Kleinhesselink, Andrew R.; Cushman, J. Hall
Source:
Ecosphere 2019 v.10 no.6 pp. e02769
ISSN:
2150-8925
Subject:
Bromus diandrus; Bryophyta; Vulpia bromoides; annuals; biodiversity; ecological invasion; ecosystems; flowering; grasses; indigenous species; introduced plants; non-vascular plants; plant communities; vascular plants; California
Abstract:
... Understanding the role of native biodiversity in controlling exotic species invasion is a critical goal in ecology. In terrestrial plant communities, most research has focused on the effects of native vascular plants on invasion by exotic vascular plants. However, in many ecosystems, native bryophytes and other non‐vascular plants are common and can affect the establishment, survival, and growth o ...
DOI:
10.1002/ecs2.2769

9. Evaluating mechanisms of plant‐mediated effects on herbivore persistence and occupancy across an ecoregion

Author:
Wilkening, Jennifer L.; Cole, Evan J.; Beever, Erik A.
Source:
Ecosphere 2019 v.10 no.6 pp. e02764
ISSN:
2150-8925
Subject:
Ochotona princeps; basins; climate; climate change; ecological function; ecoregions; ecosystems; graminoids; habitats; herbivores; invasive species; mammals; models; mountains; plant communities; regression analysis; spatial variation; synergism; vegetation
Abstract:
... Contemporary climate change is rapidly creating one of the greatest challenges for management and conservation during the 21st century. Mountain ecosystems, which have a high degree of spatial heterogeneity and contain numerous habitat specialists, have been identified as particularly vulnerable. We used data from multiple years across sites spanning a >40 million ha ecoregion to test hypotheses r ...
DOI:
10.1002/ecs2.2764

10. Forest closure and encroachment at the grassland interface: a century‐scale analysis using oblique repeat photography

Author:
Stockdale, Christopher A.; Macdonald, S. Ellen; Higgs, Eric
Source:
Ecosphere 2019 v.10 no.6 pp. e02774
ISSN:
2150-8925
Subject:
altitude; coniferous forests; deciduous forests; ecosystem management; landscapes; meadows; photography; probability; shrublands; solar radiation; woodlands; Alberta; Rocky Mountain region
Abstract:
... We used repeat oblique photography to quantify and determine the drivers of vegetation change, particularly forest closure and encroachment, in the Rocky Mountains of southern Alberta, Canada, from the beginning of the twentieth century to the present. We classified the landscape into seven distinct vegetation types (closed‐canopy conifer forest, broadleaf deciduous forest, mixedwood forest, open‐ ...
DOI:
10.1002/ecs2.2774

11. Forests in the northern Sierra Nevada of California, USA, store large amounts of carbon in different patterns

Author:
Mattson, Kim G.; Zhang, Jianwei
Source:
Ecosphere 2019 v.10 no.6 pp. e02778
ISSN:
2150-8925
Subject:
altitude; carbon; carbon sequestration; carbon sinks; coniferous forests; conifers; fires; forest litter; mountains; old-growth forests; site preparation; soil carbon; soil depth; California
Abstract:
... To better understand forest carbon (C) storage patterns, C budgets were constructed and contrasted among four stands of different vegetation, elevation, and disturbance histories from the northern Sierra Nevada of California, USA. The True‐fir stand, considered to be undisturbed and at a higher elevation (1820 m), stored substantially more C than the three stands at lower elevation (1360–1430 m) a ...
DOI:
10.1002/ecs2.2778

12. Hurricane Sandy and engineered response created habitat for a threatened shorebird

Author:
Walker, Katie M.; Fraser, James D.; Catlin, Daniel H.; Ritter, Shannon J.; Robinson, Samantha G.; Bellman, Henrietta A.; DeRose‐Wilson, Audrey; Karpanty, Sarah M.; Papa, Steven T.
Source:
Ecosphere 2019 v.10 no.6 pp. e02771
ISSN:
2150-8925
Subject:
Charadrius melodus; dunes; ecosystems; foraging; habitats; hurricanes; islands; nesting; nesting sites; vegetation; walking; Atlantic Ocean; New York
Abstract:
... The intensity of Atlantic Ocean hurricanes is predicted to increase, and although disturbance is recognized as a fundamental driver of ecological processes, the benefits of hurricanes to ecological systems are seldom acknowledged. In October 2012, Hurricane Sandy overwashed Fire Island and Westhampton Island, New York. The storm flattened dunes, buried vegetation, and breached the barrier islands ...
DOI:
10.1002/ecs2.2771

13. Index‐based approach for estimating vulnerability of Arctic biota to oil spills

Author:
Nevalainen, Maisa; Vanhatalo, Jarno; Helle, Inari
Source:
Ecosphere 2019 v.10 no.6 pp. e02766
ISSN:
2150-8925
Subject:
Ursus maritimus; accidents; birds; climate change; environmental impact; ice; models; moieties; mortality; oil spills; oils; quantitative analysis; relative risk; sea transportation; seals; shipping; uncertainty; whales; Arctic region
Abstract:
... Risk of an Arctic oil spill has become a global matter of concern. Climate change induced opening of shipping routes increases the Arctic maritime traffic which exposes the area to negative impacts of potential maritime accidents. Still, quantitative analyses of the likely environmental impacts of such accidents are scarce, and our understanding of the uncertainties related to both accidents and t ...
DOI:
10.1002/ecs2.2766

14. Labile C dynamics reflect soil organic carbon sequestration capacity: Understory plants drive topsoil C process in subtropical forests

Author:
Chen, Yuanqi; Cao, Jianbo; Zhao, Jie; Wu, Jianping; Zou, Xiaoming; Fu, Shenglei; Zhang, Weixin
Source:
Ecosphere 2019 v.10 no.6 pp. e02784
ISSN:
2150-8925
Subject:
Eucalyptus; canopy; carbon sequestration; ecosystems; girdling; labile carbon; mineralization; monitoring; nitrogen; plantations; soil fertility; stable isotopes; topsoil; trees; tropical forests; understory
Abstract:
... The huge background pool of soil organic carbon (SOC) is likely to impede the ready detection of SOC changes. We propose to explore SOC changes by monitoring the dynamics of soil labile organic carbon (LOC); namely if LOC could be largely retained in soils rather than respired rapidly, the SOC would be ready to be sequestered. The effects of the two major functional groups of plants, that is, cano ...
DOI:
10.1002/ecs2.2784

15. Long‐term trajectories of fractional component change in the Northern Great Basin, USA

Author:
Rigge, Matthew; Shi, Hua; Homer, Collin; Danielson, Patrick; Granneman, Brian
Source:
Ecosphere 2019 v.10 no.6 pp. e02762
ISSN:
2150-8925
Subject:
Artemisia; Landsat; automation; basins; climate change; climatic factors; cost effectiveness; environmental health; fire regime; monitoring; rangelands; remote sensing; shrubs; steppes; temperature; time series analysis; Great Basin States
Abstract:
... The need to monitor change in sagebrush steppe is urgent due to the increasing impacts of climate change, shifting fire regimes, and management practices on ecosystem health. Remote sensing provides a cost‐effective and reliable method for monitoring change through time and attributing changes to drivers. We report an automated method of mapping rangeland fractional component cover over a large po ...
DOI:
10.1002/ecs2.2762

16. Negative impacts of summer heat on Sierra Nevada tree seedlings

Author:
Moran, Emily V.; Das, Adrian J.; Keeley, Jon E.; Stephenson, Nathan L.
Source:
Ecosphere 2019 v.10 no.6 pp. e02776
ISSN:
2150-8925
Subject:
Bayesian theory; Mediterranean climate; Pinus; Quercus; Sequoia; adults; altitude; biodiversity; carbon sequestration; climate change; climatic factors; cold; conifers; data collection; ecosystem services; forest types; growing season; heat; mortality; mountains; national parks; plant establishment; prediction; seedling growth; seedlings; snow; species recruitment; summer; temperature; trees
Abstract:
... Understanding the response of forests to climate change is important for predicting changes in biodiversity and ecosystem services, including carbon storage. Seedlings represent a key demographic stage in these responses, because seedling establishment is necessary for population persistence and spread, and because the conditions allowing seedlings to survive and grow are often more restrictive th ...
DOI:
10.1002/ecs2.2776

17. Opportunistic bacteria and mass mortality in ungulates: lessons from an extreme event

Author:
Robinson, Sarah; Milner‐Gulland, E. J.; Grachev, Yuri; Salemgareyev, Albert; Orynbayev, Mukhit; Lushchekina, Anna; Morgan, Eric; Beauvais, Wendy; Singh, Navinder; Khomenko, Sergei; Cammack, Rosie; Kock, Richard
Source:
Ecosphere 2019 v.10 no.6 pp. e02671
ISSN:
2150-8925
Subject:
Pasteurella multocida; Saiga; bacteria; birds; calving; climatic factors; die-off; disease outbreaks; gazelles; genetics; global change; host-pathogen relationships; life history; migratory behavior; migratory species; monitoring; pasteurellosis; pathogenesis; pathogens; septicemia; serotypes; wild animals; wildlife
Abstract:
... Mass mortality events in wildlife are a growing concern. Under conditions of rapid global change, opportunistic responses in bacterial commensals, triggered by environmental stressors, may be increasingly implicated in die‐offs. In 2015, over 200,000 saiga antelope died of hemorrhagic septicemia caused by the pathogen Pasteurella multocida serotype B. We use this case to explore die‐offs from comm ...
DOI:
10.1002/ecs2.2671

18. Quantifying carbon and species dynamics under different fire regimes in a southeastern U.S. pineland

Author:
Flanagan, Steven A.; Bhotika, Smriti; Hawley, Christie; Starr, Gregory; Wiesner, Susanne; Hiers, J. Kevin; O'Brien, Joseph J.; Goodrick, Scott; Callaham, Mac A., Jr.; Scheller, Robert M.; Klepzig, Kier D.; Taylor, R. Scott; Loudermilk, E. Louise
Source:
Ecosphere 2019 v.10 no.6 pp. e02772
ISSN:
2150-8925
Subject:
Pinus elliottii; Pinus palustris; Quercus leucotrichophora; Quercus stellata; Quercus virginiana; aboveground biomass; anthropogenic activities; biodiversity; carbon; carbon sequestration; climate change; ecosystems; emissions; fire regime; forests; hardwood; indigenous species; landscapes; models; prescribed burning; risk; sand; wildfires; Georgia
Abstract:
... Forests have a prominent role in carbon sequestration and storage. Climate change and anthropogenic forcing have altered the dominant characteristics of some forested ecosystems through changes to their disturbance regimes, particularly fire. Ecosystems that historically burned frequently, like pinelands in the southeastern United States, risk changes in their structure and function when the fire ...
DOI:
10.1002/ecs2.2772

19. Relating spatial patterns of stream metabolism to distributions of juveniles salmonids at the river network scale

Author:
Kaylor, Matthew J.; White, Seth M.; Saunders, W. Carl; Warren, Dana R.
Source:
Ecosphere 2019 v.10 no.6 pp. e02781
ISSN:
2150-8925
Subject:
Salmonidae; autocorrelation; biofilm; chlorophyll; ecosystem respiration; ecosystems; energy; food webs; gross primary productivity; habitats; juveniles; metabolism; models; nitrate nitrogen; nutrient content; prediction; rivers; streams; surveys; temperature; watersheds; Oregon
Abstract:
... Understanding the factors that drive spatial patterns in stream ecosystem processes and the distribution of aquatic biota is important to effective management of these systems and the conservation of biota at the network scale. In this study, we conducted field surveys throughout an extensive river network in NE Oregon that supports diminishing populations of wild salmonids. We collected data on p ...
DOI:
10.1002/ecs2.2781

20. Secondhand horror: effects of direct and indirect predator cues on behavior and reproduction of the bank vole

Author:
Sievert, Thorbjörn; Haapakoski, Marko; Palme, Rupert; Voipio, Helinä; Ylönen, Hannu
Source:
Ecosphere 2019 v.10 no.6 pp. e02765
ISSN:
2150-8925
Subject:
Clethrionomys glareolus; Mustela nivalis; alarm pheromones; females; foraging; mothers; odors; predation; predators; pregnancy rate; prey species; progeny; pups; risk; voles; wood shavings
Abstract:
... Risk recognition by prey is of paramount importance within the evolutionary arms race between predator and prey. Prey species are able to detect direct predator cues like odors and adjust their behavior appropriately. The question arises whether an indirect predation cue, such as the odor of scared individuals, can be detected by conspecifics and subsequently affects recipient behavior. Parents ma ...
DOI:
10.1002/ecs2.2765