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Ecosphere
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7981-2019
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2019 v.10 no.6
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- Author:
- Yamian Zhang; Yipeng Ding; Wenqing Wang; Yuanxi Li; Mao Wang
- Source:
- Ecosphere 2019 v.10 no.6 pp. e02759
- ISSN:
- 2150-8925
- Subject:
- Avicennia marina; Sonneratia apetala; biomass; estuaries; fish; fish communities; mangrove ecosystems; mangroves (trees); microhabitats; pneumatophores; China
- Abstract:
- ... Mangrove structural complexity plays an important role in the way fish using their habitat. However, the effects of structural attributes on fish spatial distribution remain uncertain. In this study, we sampled fish at three easily identifiable microhabitats (i.e., vegetated area with both mangrove trees and pneumatophores, pneumatophore area without trees, and adjacent mudflat without trees and p ...
- DOI:
- 10.1002/ecs2.2759
- https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2759
- Author:
- Brian D. Uher‐Koch; Joel A. Schmutz; Heather M. Wilson; R. Michael Anthony; Thomas L. Day; Thomas F. Fondell; Brian T. Person; James S. Sedinger
- Source:
- Ecosphere 2019 v.10 no.6 pp. e02767
- ISSN:
- 2150-8925
- Subject:
- birds; breeding; breeding sites; data collection; grazing; habitats; herbivores; lawns and turf; models; nests; nutritive value; phenology; plant communities; predators; remote sensing; reproductive success; spring; vegetation
- Abstract:
- ... Grazing lawns, patches of grazing‐tolerant plants with high nutrient value, provide important habitat for herbivores, and changes in abundance can impact herbivore populations. Grazing lawns are maintained in quality and quantity by repeated grazing and are a result of a positive feedback since the availability of grazing lawn can increase herbivore populations and increased herbivore populations ...
- DOI:
- 10.1002/ecs2.2767
- https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2767
- Author:
- Christopher A. Stockdale; S. Ellen Macdonald; Eric Higgs
- Source:
- Ecosphere 2019 v.10 no.6 pp. e02774
- ISSN:
- 2150-8925
- Subject:
- altitude; coniferous forests; deciduous forests; ecosystem management; landscapes; meadows; photography; probability; shrublands; solar radiation; woodlands; Alberta; Rocky Mountain region
- Abstract:
- ... We used repeat oblique photography to quantify and determine the drivers of vegetation change, particularly forest closure and encroachment, in the Rocky Mountains of southern Alberta, Canada, from the beginning of the twentieth century to the present. We classified the landscape into seven distinct vegetation types (closed‐canopy conifer forest, broadleaf deciduous forest, mixedwood forest, open‐ ...
- DOI:
- 10.1002/ecs2.2774
- https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2774
- Author:
- Maisa Nevalainen; Jarno Vanhatalo; Inari Helle
- Source:
- Ecosphere 2019 v.10 no.6 pp. e02766
- ISSN:
- 2150-8925
- Subject:
- Ursus maritimus; accidents; birds; climate change; environmental impact; ice; models; moieties; mortality; oil spills; oils; quantitative analysis; relative risk; sea transportation; seals; shipping; uncertainty; whales; Arctic region
- Abstract:
- ... Risk of an Arctic oil spill has become a global matter of concern. Climate change induced opening of shipping routes increases the Arctic maritime traffic which exposes the area to negative impacts of potential maritime accidents. Still, quantitative analyses of the likely environmental impacts of such accidents are scarce, and our understanding of the uncertainties related to both accidents and t ...
- DOI:
- 10.1002/ecs2.2766
- https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2766
- Author:
- Emily V. Moran; Adrian J. Das; Jon E. Keeley; Nathan L. Stephenson
- Source:
- Ecosphere 2019 v.10 no.6 pp. e02776
- ISSN:
- 2150-8925
- Subject:
- Bayesian theory; Mediterranean climate; Pinus; Quercus; Sequoia; adults; altitude; biodiversity; carbon sequestration; climate change; climatic factors; cold; conifers; data collection; ecosystem services; forest types; growing season; heat; mortality; mountains; national parks; plant establishment; prediction; seedling growth; seedlings; snow; species recruitment; summer; temperature; trees
- Abstract:
- ... Understanding the response of forests to climate change is important for predicting changes in biodiversity and ecosystem services, including carbon storage. Seedlings represent a key demographic stage in these responses, because seedling establishment is necessary for population persistence and spread, and because the conditions allowing seedlings to survive and grow are often more restrictive th ...
- DOI:
- 10.1002/ecs2.2776
- https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2776
- Author:
- Matthew J. Kaylor; Seth M. White; W. Carl Saunders; Dana R. Warren
- Source:
- Ecosphere 2019 v.10 no.6 pp. e02781
- ISSN:
- 2150-8925
- Subject:
- Salmonidae; autocorrelation; biofilm; chlorophyll; ecosystem respiration; ecosystems; energy; food webs; gross primary productivity; habitats; juveniles; metabolism; models; nitrate nitrogen; nutrient content; prediction; rivers; streams; surveys; temperature; watersheds; Oregon
- Abstract:
- ... Understanding the factors that drive spatial patterns in stream ecosystem processes and the distribution of aquatic biota is important to effective management of these systems and the conservation of biota at the network scale. In this study, we conducted field surveys throughout an extensive river network in NE Oregon that supports diminishing populations of wild salmonids. We collected data on p ...
- DOI:
- 10.1002/ecs2.2781
- https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2781
- Author:
- Evan H. DeLucia; Shiliu Chen; Kaiyu Guan; Bin Peng; Yan Li; Nuria Gomez‐Casanovas; Ilsa B. Kantola; Carl J. Bernacchi; Yuefei Huang; Stephen P. Long; Donald R. Ort
- Source:
- Ecosphere 2019 v.10 no.6 pp. e02773
- ISSN:
- 2150-8925
- Subject:
- bioenergy; biomass production; corn; crop yield; cultivars; evapotranspiration; grasses; growing season; irrigation; rain; temperature; vapor pressure deficit; water use efficiency; Corn Belt region; Midwestern United States
- Abstract:
- ... While annual precipitation in much of the US Corn Belt is likely to remain constant, atmospheric vapor pressure deficit (VPD), the driver of crop water loss (evapotranspiration; ET), is projected to increase from ~2.2 kPa today to ~2.7 kPa by mid‐century primarily due to the temperature increase. Without irrigation, it has been hypothesized that the increase in VPD will create a ceiling to future ...
- DOI:
- 10.1002/ecs2.2773
- https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2773
- Author:
- Luis Artur Valões Bezerra; Vanessa Maria Ribeiro; Matheus Oliveira Freitas; Les Kaufman; Andre Andrian Padial; Jean Ricardo Simões Vitule
- Source:
- Ecosphere 2019 v.10 no.6 pp. e02757
- ISSN:
- 2150-8925
- Subject:
- Micropterus salmoides; Neotropics; Oreochromis; adults; aquatic ecosystems; aquatic food webs; biomass; birds; carbon; detritivores; detritus; fish; indigenous species; introduced species; invasive species; invertebrates; issues and policy; juveniles; lakes; omnivores; predation; predators; stable isotopes; trophic levels; Africa; Brazil; North America
- Abstract:
- ... Several dozen fish species have been introduced into Neotropical waters, causing significant biotic changes that include deterministic predation interactions with ecosystem effects. In general, reservoirs are preferred over lakes as places for stocking policies, due to their artificial aspect, consequently promoting fish introductions. In a meta‐analytic approach, we compared the biomass of plankt ...
- DOI:
- 10.1002/ecs2.2757
- https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2757
- Author:
- Lynn C. Sweet; Tyler Green; James G. C. Heintz; Neil Frakes; Nicolas Graver; Jeff S. Rangitsch; Jane E. Rodgers; Scott Heacox; Cameron W. Barrows
- Source:
- Ecosphere 2019 v.10 no.6 pp. e02763
- ISSN:
- 2150-8925
- Subject:
- Yucca brevifolia; biodiversity; carbon; climate; climate change; deserts; emissions; extinction; meteorological data; national parks; prediction; refuge habitats; scientists; statistical models; teams; temperature; trees; California; Colorado
- Abstract:
- ... U.S. national parks protect a natural heritage of global significance; those parks, especially those in the arid southwest, are threatened by climate change. Identifying climate refugia within our national parks using not only statistical models, but also validating predictions using robust field data should provide focus for managers in their stewardship of parks’ biological resources. In the reg ...
- DOI:
- 10.1002/ecs2.2763
- https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2763
- Author:
- Petr Kubizňák; Wesley M. Hochachka; Vlastimil Osoba; Tomáš Kotek; Jan Kuchař; Václav Klapetek; Kateřina Hradcová; Jan Růžička; Markéta Zárybnická
- Source:
- Ecosphere 2019 v.10 no.6 pp. e02761
- ISSN:
- 2150-8925
- Subject:
- birds; cameras; data collection; humans; information management; life history; nest boxes; nesting; science education; urban areas; wild animals
- Abstract:
- ... While networked sensors are becoming a ubiquitous part of many human lives, their applications to the study of wild animals have been largely limited to off‐the‐shelf and stand‐alone technologies such as web cameras. However, purpose‐designed systems, applying features found in Internet‐of‐Things devices, enable more efficient gathering, managing, and disseminating of a diverse array of data neede ...
- DOI:
- 10.1002/ecs2.2761
- https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2761
- Author:
- Daniel H. Catlin; Daniel Gibson; Kelsi L. Hunt; Meryl J. Friedrich; Chelsea E. Weithman; Sarah M. Karpanty; James D. Fraser
- Source:
- Ecosphere 2019 v.10 no.6 pp. e02740
- ISSN:
- 2150-8925
- Subject:
- Bayesian theory; Charadrius melodus; adults; age structure; birds; breeding; demography; habitats; models; nesting; nests; pioneer species; river flow; survival rate; uncertainty; Missouri River; Nebraska; South Dakota
- Abstract:
- ... Density‐dependent regulation is a fundamental part of ecological theory and a significant driver of animal demography often through complex feedback loops. We investigated the relationship between flood‐ and demographically induced fluctuations in density and the breeding propensity and survival of a pioneer species, the piping plover (plover, Charadrius melodus). We captured and marked adult and ...
- DOI:
- 10.1002/ecs2.2740
- https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2740
- Author:
- Andrew R. Kleinhesselink; J. Hall Cushman
- Source:
- Ecosphere 2019 v.10 no.6 pp. e02769
- ISSN:
- 2150-8925
- Subject:
- Bromus diandrus; Bryophyta; Vulpia bromoides; annuals; biodiversity; ecological invasion; ecosystems; flowering; grasses; indigenous species; introduced plants; non-vascular plants; plant communities; vascular plants; California
- Abstract:
- ... Understanding the role of native biodiversity in controlling exotic species invasion is a critical goal in ecology. In terrestrial plant communities, most research has focused on the effects of native vascular plants on invasion by exotic vascular plants. However, in many ecosystems, native bryophytes and other non‐vascular plants are common and can affect the establishment, survival, and growth o ...
- DOI:
- 10.1002/ecs2.2769
- https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2769
- Author:
- Jennifer L. Wilkening; Evan J. Cole; Erik A. Beever
- Source:
- Ecosphere 2019 v.10 no.6 pp. e02764
- ISSN:
- 2150-8925
- Subject:
- Ochotona princeps; basins; climate; climate change; ecological function; ecoregions; ecosystems; graminoids; habitats; herbivores; invasive species; mammals; models; mountains; plant communities; regression analysis; spatial variation; synergism; vegetation
- Abstract:
- ... Contemporary climate change is rapidly creating one of the greatest challenges for management and conservation during the 21st century. Mountain ecosystems, which have a high degree of spatial heterogeneity and contain numerous habitat specialists, have been identified as particularly vulnerable. We used data from multiple years across sites spanning a >40 million ha ecoregion to test hypotheses r ...
- DOI:
- 10.1002/ecs2.2764
- https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2764
- Author:
- Kim G. Mattson; Jianwei Zhang
- Source:
- Ecosphere 2019 v.10 no.6 pp. e02778
- ISSN:
- 2150-8925
- Subject:
- altitude; carbon; carbon sequestration; carbon sinks; coniferous forests; conifers; fires; forest litter; mountains; old-growth forests; site preparation; soil carbon; soil depth; California
- Abstract:
- ... To better understand forest carbon (C) storage patterns, C budgets were constructed and contrasted among four stands of different vegetation, elevation, and disturbance histories from the northern Sierra Nevada of California, USA. The True‐fir stand, considered to be undisturbed and at a higher elevation (1820 m), stored substantially more C than the three stands at lower elevation (1360–1430 m) a ...
- DOI:
- 10.1002/ecs2.2778
- https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2778
- Author:
- Katie M. Walker; James D. Fraser; Daniel H. Catlin; Shannon J. Ritter; Samantha G. Robinson; Henrietta A. Bellman; Audrey DeRose‐Wilson; Sarah M. Karpanty; Steven T. Papa
- Source:
- Ecosphere 2019 v.10 no.6 pp. e02771
- ISSN:
- 2150-8925
- Subject:
- Charadrius melodus; dunes; ecosystems; foraging; habitats; hurricanes; islands; nesting; nesting sites; vegetation; walking; Atlantic Ocean; New York
- Abstract:
- ... The intensity of Atlantic Ocean hurricanes is predicted to increase, and although disturbance is recognized as a fundamental driver of ecological processes, the benefits of hurricanes to ecological systems are seldom acknowledged. In October 2012, Hurricane Sandy overwashed Fire Island and Westhampton Island, New York. The storm flattened dunes, buried vegetation, and breached the barrier islands ...
- DOI:
- 10.1002/ecs2.2771
- https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2771
- Author:
- Yuanqi Chen; Jianbo Cao; Jie Zhao; Jianping Wu; Xiaoming Zou; Shenglei Fu; Weixin Zhang
- Source:
- Ecosphere 2019 v.10 no.6 pp. e02784
- ISSN:
- 2150-8925
- Subject:
- Eucalyptus; canopy; carbon sequestration; ecosystems; girdling; labile carbon; mineralization; monitoring; nitrogen; plantations; soil fertility; stable isotopes; topsoil; trees; tropical forests; understory
- Abstract:
- ... The huge background pool of soil organic carbon (SOC) is likely to impede the ready detection of SOC changes. We propose to explore SOC changes by monitoring the dynamics of soil labile organic carbon (LOC); namely if LOC could be largely retained in soils rather than respired rapidly, the SOC would be ready to be sequestered. The effects of the two major functional groups of plants, that is, cano ...
- DOI:
- 10.1002/ecs2.2784
- https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2784
- Author:
- Matthew Rigge; Hua Shi; Collin Homer; Patrick Danielson; Brian Granneman
- Source:
- Ecosphere 2019 v.10 no.6 pp. e02762
- ISSN:
- 2150-8925
- Subject:
- Artemisia; Landsat; automation; basins; climate change; climatic factors; cost effectiveness; environmental health; fire regime; monitoring; rangelands; remote sensing; shrubs; steppes; temperature; time series analysis; Great Basin States
- Abstract:
- ... The need to monitor change in sagebrush steppe is urgent due to the increasing impacts of climate change, shifting fire regimes, and management practices on ecosystem health. Remote sensing provides a cost‐effective and reliable method for monitoring change through time and attributing changes to drivers. We report an automated method of mapping rangeland fractional component cover over a large po ...
- DOI:
- 10.1002/ecs2.2762
- https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2762
- Author:
- Sarah Robinson; E. J. Milner‐Gulland; Yuri Grachev; Albert Salemgareyev; Mukhit Orynbayev; Anna Lushchekina; Eric Morgan; Wendy Beauvais; Navinder Singh; Sergei Khomenko; Rosie Cammack; Richard Kock
- Source:
- Ecosphere 2019 v.10 no.6 pp. e02671
- ISSN:
- 2150-8925
- Subject:
- Pasteurella multocida; Saiga; bacteria; birds; calving; climatic factors; die-off; disease outbreaks; gazelles; genetics; global change; host-pathogen relationships; life history; migratory behavior; migratory species; monitoring; pasteurellosis; pathogenesis; pathogens; septicemia; serotypes; wild animals; wildlife
- Abstract:
- ... Mass mortality events in wildlife are a growing concern. Under conditions of rapid global change, opportunistic responses in bacterial commensals, triggered by environmental stressors, may be increasingly implicated in die‐offs. In 2015, over 200,000 saiga antelope died of hemorrhagic septicemia caused by the pathogen Pasteurella multocida serotype B. We use this case to explore die‐offs from comm ...
- DOI:
- 10.1002/ecs2.2671
- https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2671
19. Quantifying carbon and species dynamics under different fire regimes in a southeastern U.S. pineland
- Author:
- Steven A. Flanagan; Smriti Bhotika; Christie Hawley; Gregory Starr; Susanne Wiesner; J. Kevin Hiers; Joseph J. O'Brien; Scott Goodrick; Mac A. Callaham Jr.; Robert M. Scheller; Kier D. Klepzig; R. Scott Taylor; E. Louise Loudermilk
- Source:
- Ecosphere 2019 v.10 no.6 pp. e02772
- ISSN:
- 2150-8925
- Subject:
- Pinus elliottii; Pinus palustris; Quercus leucotrichophora; Quercus stellata; Quercus virginiana; aboveground biomass; anthropogenic activities; biodiversity; carbon; carbon sequestration; climate change; ecosystems; emissions; fire regime; forests; hardwood; indigenous species; landscapes; models; prescribed burning; risk; sand; wildfires; Georgia
- Abstract:
- ... Forests have a prominent role in carbon sequestration and storage. Climate change and anthropogenic forcing have altered the dominant characteristics of some forested ecosystems through changes to their disturbance regimes, particularly fire. Ecosystems that historically burned frequently, like pinelands in the southeastern United States, risk changes in their structure and function when the fire ...
- DOI:
- 10.1002/ecs2.2772
- https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2772
- Author:
- Thorbjörn Sievert; Marko Haapakoski; Rupert Palme; Helinä Voipio; Hannu Ylönen
- Source:
- Ecosphere 2019 v.10 no.6 pp. e02765
- ISSN:
- 2150-8925
- Subject:
- Clethrionomys glareolus; Mustela nivalis; alarm pheromones; females; foraging; mothers; odors; predation; predators; pregnancy rate; prey species; progeny; pups; risk; voles; wood shavings
- Abstract:
- ... Risk recognition by prey is of paramount importance within the evolutionary arms race between predator and prey. Prey species are able to detect direct predator cues like odors and adjust their behavior appropriately. The question arises whether an indirect predation cue, such as the odor of scared individuals, can be detected by conspecifics and subsequently affects recipient behavior. Parents ma ...
- DOI:
- 10.1002/ecs2.2765
- https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2765