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You searched for: Journal Ecosphere Remove constraint Journal: Ecosphere Publication Year 2018 Remove constraint Publication Year: 2018 Source 2018 v.9 no.6 Remove constraint Source: 2018 v.9 no.6
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1. Are seeds able to germinate before fruit color ripening? Evidence from six Neotropical bird‐dispersed plant species

Author:
Cruz‐Tejada, Diana María; Acosta‐Rojas, Diana Carolina; Stevenson, Pablo R.
Source:
Ecosphere 2018 v.9 no.6 pp. e02174
ISSN:
2150-8925
Subject:
Myrcia; color; dormancy; electrical conductivity; frugivores; fruits; germination; pathogens; predators; prediction; reproductive success; ripening; seed maturation; seeds; tetrazolium; viability; viability assays
Abstract:
... Many plants attract seed dispersers and indicate the presence of ripe, fleshy fruits with coloration changes. If seed maturation is simultaneous with visual signs for frugivorous, a portion of seeds can be removed before being ready for dispersal. In this study, we tested the delay visual signal hypothesis (DVSH), which implies high reproductive success when seed maturation precedes the visual sig ...
DOI:
10.1002/ecs2.2174

2. Biocrust contribution to ecosystem carbon fluxes varies along an elevational gradient

Author:
Dettweiler‐Robinson, Eva; Nuanez, Michelle; Litvak, Marcy E.
Source:
Ecosphere 2018 v.9 no.6 pp. e02315
ISSN:
2150-8925
Subject:
arid lands; biological soil crusts; carbon; cold season; ecosystem respiration; ecosystems; eddy covariance; environmental factors; grasslands; gross primary productivity; growing season; heterotrophs; models; photosynthesis; prediction; savannas; shrublands; soil respiration; summer; temperature; woodlands
Abstract:
... Understanding how each component of an ecosystem contributes to carbon fluxes across a range of abiotic conditions enables accurate forecasts for future emission scenarios. In drylands, biological soil crust (biocrust) contribution to ecosystem carbon fluxes may vary at a regional scale but is rarely quantified due to the difficulty of parameterizing process‐based models or parsing biocrust (on th ...
DOI:
10.1002/ecs2.2315

3. Biotic disturbance mitigates effects of multiple stressors in a marine benthic community

Author:
Lenihan, Hunter S.; Peterson, Charles H.; Miller, Robert J.; Kayal, Mohsen; Potoski, Matthew
Source:
Ecosphere 2018 v.9 no.6 pp. e02314
ISSN:
2150-8925
Subject:
Echinoidea; Polychaeta; aquatic ecosystems; arthropods; benthic organisms; bioturbation; cages; chemical pollutants; copper; environmental factors; environmental impact; environmental law; hypoxia; organic carbon; prediction; sediment contamination; sediments; species diversity; toxicity; trays; Antarctica
Abstract:
... Predicting how communities respond to multiple stressors is challenging because community dynamics, stressors, and animal–stressor interactions can vary with environmental conditions, including the intensity of natural disturbance. Nevertheless, environmental laws stipulate that we predict, measure, and mitigate the ecological effects of some human‐induced stressors in the environment, including c ...
DOI:
10.1002/ecs2.2314

4. Common species distribution and environmental determinants in South American coastal plains

Author:
Silva, Karla J. P.; Souza, Alexandre F.
Source:
Ecosphere 2018 v.9 no.6 pp. e02224
ISSN:
2150-8925
Subject:
biogeography; biomass; coastal plains; coasts; community structure; ecosystems; edaphic factors; models; plant communities; statistical analysis; vegetation; woody plants
Abstract:
... Common species correspond to most of the structure and biomass of ecosystems, but the determinants of their distributions and the extent of their overlap are still a matter of debate. Here, we tested the hypotheses that (1) common herbaceous and woody species do not respond individualistically to environmental factors, but rather form groups of species with similar environmental affinities (archet ...
DOI:
10.1002/ecs2.2224

5. Divergence of morphological characters in two white‐eye species (Passeriformes: Zosteropidae) in sympatry

Author:
Wijesundara, Chaminda S.; Freed, Leonard A.
Source:
Ecosphere 2018 v.9 no.6 pp. e02317
ISSN:
2150-8925
Subject:
Zosterops; allopatry; birds; nets (equipment); sympatry; Sri Lanka
Abstract:
... When two ecologically similar, sympatric species compete in their zone of overlap, their traits are expected to diverge in the area of sympatry, while remaining more similar in the areas of allopatry. This reduces competition. In this study, we document divergence of some morphological characters in allopatry and sympatry in two species of white‐eye occurring in Sri Lanka, viz. the Sri Lanka white ...
DOI:
10.1002/ecs2.2317

6. Do adult trees increase conspecific juvenile resilience to recurrent droughts? Implications for forest regeneration

Author:
Andivia, Enrique; Madrigal‐González, Jaime; Villar‐Salvador, Pedro; Zavala, Miguel A.
Source:
Ecosphere 2018 v.9 no.6 pp. e02282
ISSN:
2150-8925
Subject:
Mediterranean climate; Pinus pinaster; adults; canopy; drought; ecological function; environmental factors; forest ecosystems; forests; global warming; habitats; juveniles; mature plants; natural regeneration; nurse plants; ontogeny; saplings; Iberian Peninsula
Abstract:
... Recruitment is a bottleneck for forest regeneration especially in semi‐arid Mediterranean environments. Ensuring natural forest regeneration is vital for preserving ecosystem function under climate warming and increased frequency and intensity of extreme droughts. Interspecific positive interactions are of paramount importance in these ecosystems. The net outcome of conspecific plant interactions ...
DOI:
10.1002/ecs2.2282

7. Do autochthonous resources enhance trophic transfer of allochthonous organic matter to aquatic consumers, or vice versa?

Author:
Grieve, Adrian; Lau, Danny C. P.
Source:
Ecosphere 2018 v.9 no.6 pp. e02307
ISSN:
2150-8925
Subject:
Asellus aquaticus; Bayesian theory; algae; aquatic ecosystems; aquatic food webs; biomass production; climate change; diet; docosahexaenoic acid; eicosapentaenoic acid; leaves; nutritive value; organic matter; plant litter; predators; stable isotopes; statistical models; synergism
Abstract:
... Autochthonous and allochthonous resources are known to differ in nutritional quality and trophic support for aquatic food webs, but it is less clear how these high‐ and low‐quality resources interact to affect trophic transfer and consumer production. We conducted 30‐d feeding trials to investigate the resource assimilation, somatic growth, and fatty‐acid (FA) composition of the widespread benthic ...
DOI:
10.1002/ecs2.2307

8. Effect of forest management on temperate ant communities

Author:
Grevé, Michael E.; Hager, Jörg; Weisser, Wolfgang W.; Schall, Peter; Gossner, Martin M.; Feldhaar, Heike
Source:
Ecosphere 2018 v.9 no.6 pp. e02303
ISSN:
2150-8925
Subject:
Formicidae; arthropods; biomass; boreal forests; canopy; community structure; ecosystems; environmental factors; forest management; forest stands; functional diversity; harvesting; humans; life history; natural resources conservation; species richness; structural equation modeling; temperate forests; temperature; trees; Germany
Abstract:
... Human management of ecosystems can have direct or indirect effects on species communities. How species communities are affected by management is a key question in ecology and nature conservation. As keystone taxon, changes in ant communities can have sustained consequences for entire ecosystems. In forests, management has been shown to have an overall negative effect on ant communities in tropical ...
DOI:
10.1002/ecs2.2303

9. Episodic disturbances drive nutrient dynamics along freshwater‐to‐estuary gradients in a subtropical wetland

Author:
Davis, Stephen E.; Boucek, Ross; Castañeda‐Moya, Edward; Dessu, Shimelis; Gaiser, Evelyn; Kominoski, John; Sah, Jay P.; Surratt, Donatto; Troxler, Tiffany
Source:
Ecosphere 2018 v.9 no.6 pp. e02296
ISSN:
2150-8925
Subject:
drought; ecosystems; estuaries; fires; highlands; hurricanes; marshes; monitoring; nutrient availability; nutrients; phosphorus; primary productivity; rain; rivers; salinity; sediments; surface water; water quality; wet season; Florida
Abstract:
... Wetlands are biogeochemically active ecosystems where primary production and respiration interact with physico‐chemical conditions to influence nutrient availability across spatio‐temporal scales. The effect of episodic disturbances on water quality dynamics within wetlands is relatively unknown, especially in large oligotrophic wetlands such as the Everglades. We describe a range of episodic dist ...
DOI:
10.1002/ecs2.2296

10. Estimates of fish and coral larvae as nutrient subsidies to coral reef ecosystems

Author:
Allgeier, Jacob E.; Speare, Kelly E.; Burkepile, Deron E.
Source:
Ecosphere 2018 v.9 no.6 pp. e02216
ISSN:
2150-8925
Subject:
carbon; coral reefs; corals; ecological function; ecosystems; fish communities; fish larvae; germ cells; models; nitrogen; nutrients; phosphorus; spawning; subsidies; Caribbean
Abstract:
... Nutrient subsidies are essential for the functioning of many ecosystems. A long‐standing conundrum in coral reef ecology is how these systems can be among the most productive globally, but persist in nutrient‐poor conditions. Here, we investigate the importance of the larvae of fishes and corals and gametes of corals as nutrient subsidies for coral reefs. We provide evidence that fish larvae may b ...
DOI:
10.1002/ecs2.2216

11. Harvesting invasive plants to reduce nutrient loads and produce bioenergy: an assessment of Great Lakes coastal wetlands

Author:
Carson, Brendan D.; Lishawa, Shane C.; Tuchman, Nancy C.; Monks, Andrew M.; Lawrence, Beth A.; Albert, Dennis A.
Source:
Ecosphere 2018 v.9 no.6 pp. e02320
ISSN:
2150-8925
Subject:
Phalaris arundinacea; Phragmites australis; adaptive management; agricultural soils; anaerobic digesters; biogas; biomass; burning; composts; ecosystem services; ecosystems; energy; growing season; habitats; invasive species; mechanical harvesting; nitrogen; oils; phosphorus; pollution load; runoff; species diversity; surveys; wetland plants; wetlands; Lake Ontario
Abstract:
... In Laurentian Great Lakes coastal wetlands (GLCWs), dominant emergent invasive plants are expanding their ranges and compromising the unique habitat and ecosystem service values that these ecosystems provide. Herbiciding and burning to control invasive plants have not been effective in part because neither strategy addresses the most common root cause of invasion, nutrient enrichment. Mechanical h ...
DOI:
10.1002/ecs2.2320

12. Identifying the determinants of tree distributions along a large ephemeral river

Author:
Douglas, Caitlin M. S.; Cowlishaw, Guy; Harrison, Xavier A.; Henschel, Joh R.; Pettorelli, Nathalie; Mulligan, Mark
Source:
Ecosphere 2018 v.9 no.6 pp. e02223
ISSN:
2150-8925
Subject:
Euclea; Faidherbia albida; Prosopis; Vachellia erioloba; Vachellia tortilis; anthropogenic activities; arid lands; climate; dams (hydrology); indigenous species; land tenure; oases; rivers; species richness; topography; trees; Namibia
Abstract:
... Although ephemeral rivers act as linear oases and play a fundamental role in sustaining regional biodiversity in dryland regions, little is known about these systems or their sensitivity to human impacts. Without such knowledge, it is difficult to manage or conserve them. Here, we conduct the first systematic investigation into the determinants of riparian tree distributions along a large ephemera ...
DOI:
10.1002/ecs2.2223

13. Influence of phosphorus application and water deficit on the soil microbiota of N2‐fixing and non‐N‐fixing tree

Author:
Olatunji, Olusanya A.; Luo, Hongyan; Pan, Kaiwen; Tariq, Akash; Sun, Xiaoming; Chen, Wenkai; Wu, Xiaogang; Zhang, Lin; Xiong, Qinli; Li, Zilong; Song, Dagang; Zhang, Aiping; Sun, Feng
Source:
Ecosphere 2018 v.9 no.6 pp. e02276
ISSN:
2150-8925
Subject:
Actinobacteria; Ciliophora; Protozoa; dissolved organic nitrogen; drought; enzyme activity; microbial communities; nitrate nitrogen; nitrogen fixation; nitrogen-fixing trees; phospholipid fatty acids; phosphorus; physicochemical properties; planting; soil microorganisms; soil protozoa; soil water; soil water content; soil water deficit; water stress; water treatment
Abstract:
... Soil water content and phosphorus availability are important factors that are expected to shape soil microbiota. Although the impacts of water deficit (drought) on soil microbiota have been reasonably studied, microbial responses to P addition combined with soil water deficit have rarely been reported, especially in relation to the identity of aboveground tree species. This study was conducted to ...
DOI:
10.1002/ecs2.2276

14. Interacting and non‐linear avian responses to mixed‐severity wildfire and time since fire

Author:
Taillie, Paul J.; Burnett, Ryan D.; Roberts, Lance Jay; Campos, Brent R.; Peterson, M. Nils; Moorman, Christopher E.
Source:
Ecosphere 2018 v.9 no.6 pp. e02291
ISSN:
2150-8925
Subject:
biodiversity; birds; breeding; chronosequences; community structure; fire severity; forests; models; mountains; wildfires; California
Abstract:
... Non‐linear and interacting effects of fire severity and time since fire may help explain how pyrodiversity promotes biodiversity in fire‐adapted systems. We built on previous research on avian responses to fire by investigating how complex effects of burn severity and time since fire influenced avian community composition across the northern Sierra Nevada, California. We conducted avian point coun ...
DOI:
10.1002/ecs2.2291

15. Inter‐ and intraspecific variation in mangrove carbon fraction and wood specific gravity in Gazi Bay, Kenya

Author:
Gillerot, Loïc; Vlaminck, Ellen; De Ryck, Dennis J. R.; Mwasaru, Donald Maringa; Beeckman, Hans; Koedam, Nico
Source:
Ecosphere 2018 v.9 no.6 pp. e02306
ISSN:
2150-8925
Subject:
Avicennia marina; Ceriops tagal; Rhizophora mucronata; Sonneratia alba; branches; carbon; carbon footprint; carbon markets; carbon sequestration; deforestation; ecosystems; emissions; environmental factors; forests; income; interspecific variation; intraspecific variation; roots; soil salinity; specific gravity; stand density; tissues; trees; uncertainty; wood; Kenya
Abstract:
... The tropical mangrove ecosystem harbors great potential for carbon offsetting schemes because of their exceptionally high carbon sequestration potential. These cannot only generate an income for local communities by financially compensating for the non‐exploitation of protected or replanted stands, but also simultaneously reduce emissions due to forest degradation and deforestation, thereby helpin ...
DOI:
10.1002/ecs2.2306

16. Interannual variability in climate effects on community assembly and ecosystem functioning in restored prairie

Author:
Manning, George C.; Baer, Sara G.
Source:
Ecosphere 2018 v.9 no.6 pp. e02327
ISSN:
2150-8925
Subject:
climate; community structure; drought; drought tolerance; net primary productivity; species diversity; stochastic processes; tallgrass prairies; weeds
Abstract:
... Community assembly theory attempts to explain factors influencing the composition of communities, which can be governed by deterministic and/or stochastic processes. We used a sequential restoration approach to gain insights into how interannual variation in climate influences community assembly in an agriculture field restored to tallgrass prairie. Species composition and aboveground net primary ...
DOI:
10.1002/ecs2.2327

17. More than the sum of its parts: how disturbance interactions shape forest dynamics under climate change

Author:
Lucash, Melissa S.; Scheller, Robert M.; Sturtevant, Brian R.; Gustafson, Eric J.; Kretchun, Alec M.; Foster, Jane R.
Source:
Ecosphere 2018 v.9 no.6 pp. e02293
ISSN:
2150-8925
Subject:
carbon; carbon sinks; climate change; conifers; forest dynamics; forest management; forests; hardwood; insects; landscapes; models; mortality; soil; species diversity; tree mortality; wind; Minnesota
Abstract:
... Interactions among disturbances are seldom quantified, and how they will be affected by climate change is even more uncertain. In this study, we sought to better understand how interactions among disturbances shift under climate change by applying a process‐based landscape disturbance and succession model (LANDIS‐II) to project disturbance regimes under climate change in north‐central Minnesota, U ...
DOI:
10.1002/ecs2.2293

18. On the problems of using linear models in ecological manipulation experiments: lessons learned from a climate experiment

Author:
Damgaard, Christian; Holmstrup, Martin; Schmidt, Inger Kappel; Beier, Claus; Larsen, Klaus Steenberg
Source:
Ecosphere 2018 v.9 no.6 pp. e02322
ISSN:
2150-8925
Subject:
climate; linear models; soil temperature; soil water; soil water content; statistical analysis; water content
Abstract:
... Manipulation experiments are often used to investigate ecological and environmental causal relationships and to understand and forecast impacts of anthropogenic pressures on ecosystem functioning. Such manipulation experiments often use factorial designs, and the data are analyzed using factorial linear models. Factorial designs build on the fundamental assumption that the treatment factors are in ...
DOI:
10.1002/ecs2.2322

19. Partitioning the functional variation of tree seedlings during secondary succession in a tropical lowland rainforest

Author:
Lu, Xinghui; Zang, Runguo; Ding, Yi; Huang, Jihong
Source:
Ecosphere 2018 v.9 no.6 pp. e02305
ISSN:
2150-8925
Subject:
chronosequences; edaphic factors; forest communities; forest ecosystems; functional diversity; nitrogen; old-growth forests; rain forests; secondary forests; secondary succession; seedlings; shifting cultivation; soil nutrients; trees; China
Abstract:
... The seedling stage is a key phase in the regeneration dynamics of forest communities. The functional diversity of tree seedlings is closely related to the structuring and functioning of forest ecosystems. Here, we examined and partitioned variations of tree seedlings in functional diversity over a chronosequence (younger secondary forest, 18–30 yr; older secondary forest, 60 yr; and old growth for ...
DOI:
10.1002/ecs2.2305

20. Patterns of maximum height of endemic woody seed plants in relation to environmental factors in China

Author:
Yu, Ruoyun; Liu, Hua; Huang, Jihong; Lu, Xinghui; Zang, Runguo; Ma, Keping; Guo, Zhongjun; Ding, Yi; Li, Huan; Liu, Yibo; Li, Qian
Source:
Ecosphere 2018 v.9 no.6 pp. e02319
ISSN:
2150-8925
Subject:
altitude; climate; community structure; ecological function; plant height; population distribution; soil; temperature; variance; China
Abstract:
... The maximum height of plants is an important trait determining community structure and ecosystem function. However, the variation in maximum plant height along large‐scale environmental gradients is still largely unknown. Here, data of maximum height for 2796 endemic woody seed plant species and 23 environmental variables (climate, space, and soil) were collected in China. Distribution patterns of ...
DOI:
10.1002/ecs2.2319