U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Https

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

PubAg

Main content area

You searched for: Journal name Energy & Fuels Remove constraint Journal name: Energy & Fuels Publication year rev 7983-2017 Remove constraint Publication year rev: 7983-2017 Subject term catalysts Remove constraint Subject term: catalysts
Start Over

Search

149  Search Results

« Previous | 1 - 100 of 149 |
Number of results to display per page

Search Results

1. Adjustment of the Product Distribution over a Bifunctional Ca12Al14O33-Supported MnOx Catalyst from Cracking Gasification of the Petroleum Residue

Author:
Tang Ruiyuan; Wang Shengjia; Che Yuanjun; Tian Yuanyu; Qiao Yingyun; Zhao Guoming
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2017 v.31 no.6 pp. 5995-6003
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
carbon dioxide; catalysts; catalytic cracking; ethylene; fluidized beds; gasification; hydrogen; oils; petroleum; propylene; steam; synthesis gas; temperature
Abstract:
... Cracking gasification of the petroleum residue toward expected gas and light oil products is catalyzed in a fluidized bed reactor using calcium aluminate (C₁₂A₇) and Mn-modified C₁₂A₇ as the bifunctional catalysts. The performances of the reaction temperature and Mn-modified C₁₂A₇ catalysts on the product distribution for the vacuum residue cracking are studied. The results showed that ethylene, p ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b00600

2. Adsorptive Desulfurization of the Gasoline Obtained from Low-Pressure Hydrocracking of the Vacuum Residue Using a Nickel/Bentonite Catalyst

Author:
Abbasov Vagif M.; Ibrahimov Hikmat C.; Mukhtarova Gulbaniz S.; Rustamov Musa I.; Abdullayev Elshad
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2017 v.31 no.6 pp. 5840-5843
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
air; bentonite; catalysts; desulfurization; gasoline; hydrogen; nanoparticles; nickel; oxidation; sulfides; sulfur; temperature
Abstract:
... In this paper, adsorptive desulfurization of the gasoline produced from low-pressure hydrocracking of the atmospheric residue was studied. Gasoline obtained from such a process has a high sulfur content and is not suitable for use as a motor fuel without further desulfurization. A nickel-modified natural bentonite catalyst was developed and used in the process. The reaction temperature and flow ra ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b00081

3. Alkali-Feldspar as a Catalyst for Biomass Gasification in a 2-MW Indirect Gasifier

Author:
Berguerand Nicolas; Berdugo Vilches Teresa
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2017 v.31 no.2 pp. 1583-1592
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
bauxite; biomass; calcium; catalysts; energy-dispersive X-ray analysis; feldspar; fuels; gasification; hydrocarbons; magnesium; oxygen; potassium; scanning electron microscopy; sodium
Abstract:
... The aim of this work was to investigate the potential of alkali-feldspar ore [(K, Na)AlSi₃O₈] as an alternative bed material for indirect gasification of biomass. Experiments conducted in the Chalmers 2-MW gasifier confirmed that alkali-feldspar could withstand stringent fluidizing conditions. Moreover, this material showed strong promise for promoting the water–gas shift reaction and reforming hi ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b02312

4. Alternative Hydrocarbon Biofuel Production via Hydrotreating under a Synthesis Gas Atmosphere

Author:
Pongsiriyakul Kanokthip; Kiatkittipong Worapon; Kiatkittipong Kunlanan; Laosiripojana Navadol; Faungnawakij Kajornsak; Adhikari Sushil; Assabumrungrat Suttichai
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2017 v.31 no.11 pp. 12256-12262
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
biofuels; byproducts; catalysts; enols; fatty acids; feedstocks; fuel production; hydrogen; liquids; oxygen; reducing agents; synthesis gas
Abstract:
... Direct use of syngas, a cheaper hydrogen-rich gas, instead of pure hydrogen, as a deoxygenating agent for biohydrogenated diesel (BHD) production is presented in this study. Low-cost palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD), an inedible byproduct from refining palm oil, is used as a feedstock in the presence of a Pd/C catalyst. The results indicate that syngas can be effectively used in BHD production, w ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b02207

5. An Efficient Two-Step Method for NH3 Removal at Low Temperature Using CoOx-CuOx/TiO2 as SCO Catalyst Followed by NiMn2O4 as SCR Catalyst

Author:
Tang Xiaolong; Li Jingying; Yi Honghong; Yu Qingjun; Gao Fengyu; Zhang Runcao; Li Chenlu; Chu Chao
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2017 v.31 no.8 pp. 8580-8593
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
ammonia; catalysts; catalytic activity; fuels; nitrogen; nitrous oxide; oxidation; temperature; titanium dioxide
Abstract:
... A novel two-step method was designed for NH₃ removal at low temperature (150–200 °C) in this work. In step 1, the selective catalytic oxidation of NH₃ to NOₓ occurred on the SCO catalyst to make the outlet [NH₃]/[NOₓ] ≈ 1. In step 2, the selective catalytic reduction of formed NOₓ by unreacted NH₃ occurred on the SCR catalyst, so as to improve the NH₃ removal efficiency and N₂ selectivity of the w ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b01329

6. Aromatic Hydrocarbon Production and Catalyst Regeneration in Pyrolysis of Oily Sludge Using ZSM-5 Zeolites as Catalysts

Author:
Wang Jun; Lin Bing-Cheng; Huang Qun-Xing; Ma Zeng-Yi; Chi Yong; Yan Jian-Hua
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2017 v.31 no.11 pp. 11681-11689
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
X-ray diffraction; acidity; aluminum; ammonia; atomic absorption spectrometry; catalysts; catalytic activity; crystal structure; desorption; fuels; pyrolysis; scanning electron microscopy; silicon; sludge; zeolites
Abstract:
... ZSM-5 zeolites were selected as catalysts to promote the aromatization during pyrolysis of oily sludge. The total aromatic yield and product distribution were investigated to evaluate the efficiency of the catalysts and the influence of operating condition. The fresh and used catalysts were characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrom ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b01855

7. Asphaltene Characterization during Hydroprocessing by Ultrahigh-Resolution Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry

Author:
Rogel Estrella; Witt Matthias
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2017 v.31 no.4 pp. 3409-3416
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
atmospheric pressure; catalysts; catalytic cracking; hydrogenation; mass spectrometry; molecular weight
Abstract:
... Asphaltenes have a significant impact on the hydroprocessing of residues because they adversely affect the overall rate of hydroprocessing reactions. They also act as coke precursors, leading to catalyst deactivation. Understanding the changes of asphaltenes upon conversion can provide essential clues to the development and optimization of residue conversion processes. In this work, we use ultrahi ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b02363

8. Biodiesel Production via Transesterification of Soybean Oil Catalyzed by Superhydrophobic Porous Poly(ionic liquid) Solid Base

Author:
Jiang Bin; Wang Yumei; Zhang Luhong; Sun Yongli; Yang Huawei; Wang Baoyu; Yang Na
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2017 v.31 no.5 pp. 5203-5214
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; X-ray diffraction; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; anion exchange; biodiesel; catalysts; catalytic activity; contact angle; fuel production; hydrophobicity; ionic liquids; methanol; nitrogen; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; polymerization; response surface methodology; scanning electron microscopy; soybean oil; thermogravimetry; transesterification; transmission electron microscopy
Abstract:
... In this work, the preparation and catalytic application of novel superhydrophobic porous poly(ionic liquid) (PIL) solid base catalyst have been reported. The PIL was synthesized by radical polymerization with subsequent anion exchange providing alkali catalysis. The as-prepared catalyst possesses favorable wetting properties in the reaction of biodiesel production. Various characterization techniq ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b00443

9. Biomass Gasification and Hot Gas Upgrading in a Decoupled Dual-Loop Gasifier

Author:
Wang Guangyong; Xu Shaoping; Wang Chao; Zhang Junjie
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2017 v.31 no.8 pp. 8181-8192
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
Pinus; biomass; catalysts; desulfurization; feedstocks; fuels; gasification; hydrocarbons; hydrogen sulfide; nickel; sawdust; sorption; steam; sulfur; temperature; volatilization; zinc; zinc oxide
Abstract:
... A decoupled dual-loop gasifier (DDLG) has been developed in which biomass gasification and hot gas upgrading are separated into two parallel loops so that they can be optimized individually. In the gasification loop, the gasifier is designed so that the contact between volatiles and char is restrained and, therefore, the steam gasification of char is enhanced. In the upgrading loop, both a desulfu ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b00782

10. Bleaching and Hydroprocessing of Algal Biomass-Derived Lipids to Produce Renewable Diesel Fuel

Author:
Kruger Jacob S.; Christensen Earl D.; Dong Tao; Van Wychen Stefanie; Fioroni Gina M.; Pienkos Philip T.; McCormick Robert L.
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2017 v.31 no.10 pp. 10946-10953
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
adsorbents; algae; bleaching; boiling; catalysts; diesel fuel; feedstocks; isomerization; lipids; nitrogen; oils; phosphoric acid
Abstract:
... Algal lipids represent a promising feedstock for production of renewable diesel, but there is little information available regarding the integration of pretreatment, extraction, and catalytic upgrading steps. In this work, we examined oil bleaching by two methods and the effects of bleaching on oil deoxygenation over Pd/C and hydroisomerization over Pt/SAPO-11 catalysts. The raw oil was completely ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b01867

11. Catalyst Grading Optimization and Kinetic Simulation of the Shale Oil Hydrotreating Process

Author:
Wang Hongyan; Dai Fei; Yang Yiqian; Li Zengxi; Li Chunshan; Zhang Suojiang
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2017 v.31 no.4 pp. 4353-4360
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
catalysts; hydrogenation; kinetics; models; oils; shale; temperature
Abstract:
... The shale oil hydrogenation experiments were conducted on a fixed-bed reactor with grading of a hydrogenating protective (HP) catalyst, hydrofining (HF) catalyst, and hydrocracking (HC) catalyst. The effects of the reaction temperature and liquid hourly space velocity (LHSV) on product distribution of shale oil hydrotreating were investigated. Three kinds of lumping kinetic models for hydrodearoma ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b02720

12. Catalytic Combustion of Heavy Oil in the Presence of Manganese-Based Submicroparticles in a Quartz Porous Medium

Author:
Galukhin Andrey V.; Khelkhal Mohammed A.; Eskin Alexey V.; Osin Yuri N.
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2017 v.31 no.10 pp. 11253-11257
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
X-radiation; adsorption; catalysts; combustion; energy-dispersive X-ray analysis; fuels; kinetics; manganese oxides; nitrogen; oils; oleic acid; porous media; quartz; scanning electron microscopy; spectroscopy
Abstract:
... We synthesized manganese oxide(II) submicroparticles stabilized with oleic acid and used them as oil-dispersible catalyst precursor promoting a heavy oil oxidation process. Size, morphological properties, as well as composition of the catalyst were studied in depth by X-ray phase diffraction analysis, thermogravimetric–mass spectrometry analysis, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-r ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b01856

13. Catalytic Conversion of Chlamydomonas to Hydrocarbons via the Ethanol-Assisted Liquefaction and Hydrotreating Processes

Author:
Zhang Bo; Wang Lijun; Li Rui; Rahman Quazi Mahzabin; Shahbazi Abolghasem
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2017 v.31 no.11 pp. 12223-12231
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
Chlamydomonas; biomass; catalysts; ethanol; fuels; hydrocarbons; hydrogen; lipids; liquefaction; liquids; microalgae; processing technology; temperature; transesterification
Abstract:
... Ethanol-assisted liquefaction followed by a hydrotreating process has been applied to the microalgal biomass of Chlamydomonas. The intent of the research was to develop process technology to convert microalgae into drop-in fuels. The operation conditions of the ethanol-assisted liquefaction were optimized using the following variables: reaction temperatures (200–290 °C), ethanol concentration (10– ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b02080
CHORUS:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b02080

14. Catalytic Cracking of JP-10 over HZSM-5 Nanosheets

Author:
Tian Yajie; Qiu Yuan; Hou Xu; Wang Li; Liu Guozhu
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2017 v.31 no.11 pp. 11987-11994
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; aluminum; ammonia; catalysts; catalytic activity; catalytic cracking; desorption; fuels; heat; micropores; nanosheets; olefin; silicon; zeolites
Abstract:
... Catalytic cracking of JP-10 is an important technology to improve its cooling capacity (or heat sink). Two HZSM-5 zeolite nanosheets with Si/Al molar ratios of 25 and 50 (ZNS-25 and ZNS-50) and thicknesses of about 2.0 nm were synthesized. The catalytic cracking of JP-10 (at 500 °C with a weight hourly space velocity = 22.56 h–¹) over ZNS-25 gave a conversion of 45.33%, which is 77% higher than th ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b02397

15. Catalytic Effect of Iron and Nickel on Gas Formation from Fast Biomass Pyrolysis in a Microfluidized Bed Reactor: A Kinetic Study

Author:
Liu Yuan; Guo Feiqiang; Li Xiaolei; Li Tiantao; Peng Kuangye; Guo Chenglong; Chang Jiafu
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2017 v.31 no.11 pp. 12278-12287
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
activation energy; biomass; carbon dioxide; catalysts; catalytic activity; energy-dispersive X-ray analysis; fuels; hydrogen; iron; methane; models; nickel; pyrolysis; reaction mechanisms; rice hulls; scanning electron microscopy
Abstract:
... Isothermal pyrolysis of rice husk catalyzed by iron and nickel was conducted in a microfluidized bed reactor to investigate the forming characteristics and kinetics of the main gas components. Results indicated that both Fe and Ni showed a catalytic effect on the releasing behavior of gaseous products during rice husk pyrolysis. The forming reaction rate of H₂ and CO₂ was significantly promoted wi ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b02214

16. Catalytic Effects of CeO2/Fe2O3 and Inherent Mineral Matter on Anthracite Combustion Reactions and Its Kinetic Analysis

Author:
Gong Xuzhong; Zhang Shu
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2017 v.31 no.11 pp. 12867-12874
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
activation energy; aluminum oxide; catalysts; catalytic activity; ceric oxide; combustion; ferric oxide; fuels; kinetics; models; thermal analysis
Abstract:
... Effects of external and internal catalysts on anthracite combustion reactivity and kinetics were investigated using the method of differential thermal analysis (DTA). It was found that the combustion reactivity of both raw and demineralized anthracites was all apparently improved by the introduction of CeO₂ and Fe₂O₃. When CeO₂ and Fe₂O₃ were used in raw anthracite, the combustion starting time fr ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b02568

17. Catalytic Hydrodeoxygenation of Guaiacol over Palladium Catalyst on Different Titania Supports

Author:
Lu Mohong; Du Hu; Wei Bin; Zhu Jie; Li Mingshi; Shan Yuhua; Song Chunshan
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2017 v.31 no.10 pp. 10858-10865
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
X-ray diffraction; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; adsorption; catalysts; chemical bonding; cleavage (chemistry); cyclohexanes; formaldehyde; fuels; guaiacol; hydrogen; nitrogen; palladium; reducing agents; titanium; titanium dioxide; transmission electron microscopy
Abstract:
... Pd catalysts supported on TiO₂ with different crystalline phases were prepared with formaldehyde as reducing agent and examined for hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of guaiacol. Their properties were characterized by N₂ adsorption, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Compared to the carbon-supported Pd catalysts, TiO₂-supported Pd catalysts exhibited ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b01498

18. Catalytic In Situ Hydrogenation of Fatty Acids into Fatty Alcohols over Cu-Based Catalysts with Methanol in Hydrothermal Media

Author:
Zhang Zihao; Zhou Feng; Chen Kequan; Fu Jie; Lu Xiuyang; Ouyang Pingkai
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2017 v.31 no.11 pp. 12624-12632
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
X-ray diffraction; carbon; carbon dioxide; catalysts; copper; coprecipitation; desorption; fatty acids; fatty alcohols; fuels; hydrogen; hydrogenation; magnesium oxide; methanol; nitrogen; particle size; surface area; transmission electron microscopy
Abstract:
... The catalytic hydrogenation of fatty acids has witnessed rapid development in recent years. However, the conventional hydrogenation process often requires high-pressure hydrogen. This paper describes a novel protocol to produce fatty alcohols via an in situ hydrogenation of fatty acids in water and methanol using Cu-based catalysts. Cu/ZrO₂, Cu/MgO, and Cu/Al₂O₃ were prepared by the co-precipitati ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b01621

19. Catalytic Oxidation of Lignite to Carboxylic Acids in Aqueous H5PV2Mo10O40/H2SO4 Solution with Molecular Oxygen

Author:
Yang Fan; Hou Yucui; Niu Muge; Lu Ting; Wu Weize; Liu Zhenyu
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2017 v.31 no.4 pp. 3830-3837
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
acetic acid; catalysts; chemical industry; formic acid; lignite; oxalic acid; oxidation; oxygen; succinic acid; sulfuric acid; superoxide anion; temperature
Abstract:
... Carboxylic acids (CAs) are considered as an important group of chemicals and are widely used in the chemical industry. The production of CAs via oxidation of lignite is a promising industrial process. In the present work, we found that H₅PV₂Mo₁₀O₄₀ (HPA) was beneficial to catalytic oxidation of lignite by O₂ in aqueous H₂SO₄ solutions to produce CAs. The effects of HPA concentration, H₂SO₄ concent ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b03479

20. Catalytic Performance of Limonite Ores in the Decomposition of Model Compounds of Biomass-Derived Tar

Author:
Tsubouchi Naoto; Mochizuki Yuuki; Byambajav Enkhsaruul; Takahashi Satoko; Hanaoka Yuu; Ohtsuka Yasuo
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2017 v.31 no.4 pp. 3898-3904
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
X-ray diffraction; benzene; biomass; carbon; catalysts; catalytic activity; fuels; gasification; goethite; iron; methane; models; quartz; steam; temperature; toluene
Abstract:
... Catalytic decomposition of toluene (C₆H₅CH₃) or benzene (C₆H₆) with inexpensive limonite ores, composed mainly of goethite (α-FeOOH), was examined using a vertical, cylindrical flow fixed-bed quartz reactor to develop a novel method of removing biomass-derived tar components. The unsupported limonite catalyst was active for the decomposition of 480 ppm of C₆H₅CH₃ and 1700 ppm of C₆H₆ in 15 vol % H ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b00192

21. Catalytic Reforming of Volatiles from Biomass Pyrolysis for Hydrogen-Rich Gas Production over Limonite Ore

Author:
Zhao Xiao-Yan; Ren Jie; Cao Jing-Pei; Wei Fu; Zhu Chen; Fan Xing; Zhao Yun-Peng; Wei Xian-Yong
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2017 v.31 no.4 pp. 4054-4060
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
biomass; carbon; catalysts; catalytic activity; catalytic cracking; gasification; hydrogen; pyrolysis; steam; temperature
Abstract:
... The feasibility of using natural limonite ore for catalytic cracking of biomass pyrolysis volatiles was investigated to study the effects of the catalyst-treated method, temperature, space velocity, and atmosphere on carbon conversion and gas yields. Limonite ore has a certain catalytic activity in the cracking of tarry material, and the activity could be significantly enhanced after reduction wit ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b00005

22. Catalytic Steam Cracking of a Deasphalted Vacuum Residue Using a Ni/K Ultradispersed Catalyst

Author:
Cabrales-Navarro Fredy A.; Pereira-Almao Pedro
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2017 v.31 no.3 pp. 3121-3131
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
activation energy; catalysts; condensation reactions; hydrocarbons; models; nickel; steam; temperature; thermal cracking
Abstract:
... Catalytic steam cracking (CSC) of heavy hydrocarbons is seen as an alternative for further improvement upon conventional thermal cracking performance. In this work, upgrading of an industrial deasphalted vacuum residue via CSC was assessed in a bench-scale pilot plant resembling a visbreaking unit. The performance of a 400 ppm of Ni and 300 ppm K ultradispersed catalyst (UDC) formulation previousl ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b03004

23. Catalytic Study and Kinetic Modeling of the n-Heptane Isomerization over Pt/Al-HMS/HZSM-5 Hybrid Catalysts

Author:
Parsafard N.; Peyrovi M. H.; Jarayedi M.
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2017 v.31 no.6 pp. 6389-6396
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; X-radiation; X-ray diffraction; aluminum; ammonia; catalysts; desorption; fluorescence; fuels; hydrogen; isomerization; kinetics; models; nitrogen; pyridines; reflectance spectroscopy; silicon; thermogravimetry; ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy
Abstract:
... Pt/Al-HMS/HZSM-5 catalysts with various amounts of Si/Al ratios were evaluated for the n-heptane isomerization reaction at 200–350 °C. To study the catalyst characterizations, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV–vis DRS), temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia (NH₃-TPD), FT ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b00657

24. Characterization of Upgraded Oil Fractions Obtained by Slurry-Phase Hydrocracking at Low-Severity Conditions Using Analytical and Ore Catalysts

Author:
Quitian Alexander; Ancheyta Jorge
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2017 v.31 no.9 pp. 9162-9178
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
X-ray diffraction; catalysts; distillation; gel chromatography; heptane; hydrogenation; iron; molecular weight; molybdenum; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; oils; petroleum; solid phase extraction; stable isotopes; toluene; viscosity
Abstract:
... A heavy crude oil and its upgraded oils, obtained by batch slurry-phase hydrocracking at low-severity conditions with and without analytical-grade and ore catalysts rich in iron and molybdenum, were fractionated by atmospheric distillation and were deasphalted with the aim of identifying the fraction responsible for the upgrade of the flow properties. Light cuts were separated from the distillatio ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b01433

25. Coking and Regeneration of Nickel Catalyst for the Cracking of Toluene As a Tar Model Compound

Author:
Lu Peng; Huang Qunxing; Chi Yong; Yan Jianhua
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2017 v.31 no.8 pp. 8283-8290
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
air; catalysts; catalytic activity; catalytic cracking; fuels; models; nickel; nickel oxide; particle size; surface area; temperature; toluene
Abstract:
... The coking and regeneration of Ni/γ-Al₂O₃ for the cracking of toluene as a tar model compound were investigated. Special attention has been paid on the effect of coke nature, especially filamentous coke, on the regeneration performance. The catalyst was deactivated by cracking toluene at 700 °C for 0.5 h. The deactivated catalyst was then regenerated by calcination in air at 600 °C for 3 h. The cr ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b01218

26. Computational Study of the Laminar Reaction Front Properties of Diluted Methanol–Air Flames Enriched by the Fuel Reforming Product

Author:
Nguyen Duc-Khanh; Verhelst Sebastian
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2017 v.31 no.9 pp. 9991-10002
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
air; carbon dioxide; carbon monoxide; catalysts; flammability; foams; fuels; heat; hydrogen; methanol; spark ignition engines; steam; synthesis gas; temperature
Abstract:
... The current work investigates the flame structure and the propagation of premixed laminar flame fronts for mixtures of diluted methanol–air enriched by fuel reforming products under spark ignition engine conditions. Two engine concepts were investigated: one with external fuel reforming (EFR) and one with reformed exhaust gas recirculation (R-EGR). Here, the fuel reformate (or syngas) is a mixture ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b00691

27. Continuous Hydrogenation of Ethyl Levulinate to γ-Valerolactone over Cu-Zn/ZrO2 Catalyst with Alumina Binder

Author:
Kong Xiangjin; Wu Shuxiang; Jin Yuzhou; Liu Liying; Liu Junhai
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2017 v.31 no.11 pp. 12232-12237
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; X-ray diffraction; acidity; aluminum oxide; ammonia; catalysts; catalytic activity; copper; desorption; fuels; hydrogen; hydrogenation; nitrogen; nitrous oxide; porosity; zinc; zirconium oxide
Abstract:
... Cu-Zn/ZrO₂ catalyst with an alumina binder was built for catalytic hydrogenation of ethyl levulinate to γ-valerolactone. N₂ adsorption–desorption, X-ray powder diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, NH₃ temperature-programmed desorption, H₂ temperature-programmed reduction, and N₂O decomposition were used to characterize the catalysts. The obtained results exhibited that porosity an ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b02140

28. Conversion of C5 Carbohydrates into Furfural Catalyzed by SO3H-Functionalized Ionic Liquid in Renewable γ-Valerolactone

Author:
Lin Haizhou; Chen Jingping; Zhao Yuan; Wang Shurong
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2017 v.31 no.4 pp. 3929-3934
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
arabinose; catalysts; catalytic activity; chlorides; furfural; ionic liquids; protons; xylan; xylose
Abstract:
... To obtain an efficient and green reaction system for the production of furfural (FF), this study investigated the use of a SO₃H-functionalized ionic liquid as a catalyst for the conversion of xylose in a solvent of renewable γ-valerolactone (GVL). A high FF yield of 78.12% was obtained in this reaction system catalyzed by 1-propylsulfonic-3-methylimidazolium chloride at 140 °C. The GVL remarkably ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b01975

29. Conversion of the Organic Matter of Domanic Shale and Permian Bituminous Rocks in Hydrothermal Catalytic Processes

Author:
Kayukova G. P.; Mikhailova A. M.; Feoktistov D. A.; Morozov V. P.; Vakhin A. V.
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2017 v.31 no.8 pp. 7789-7799
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
1-propanol; carbon dioxide; catalysts; cobalt; fuels; hydrocarbons; iron; organic matter; polymers; resins; shale; solvents; temperature; thermal analysis; Russia
Abstract:
... Comparative studies of hydrothermal transformation of organic matter samples of bituminous rocks from Domanic and Permian deposits of the Tatarstan Republic (Russian Federation) have been carried out. The experiments have been taken at a temperature of 300 °C in a vapor-gas carbon dioxide environment, with a content of 30% water in the reactionary system and an initial pressure of carbon dioxide o ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b00612

30. Copper-Based Water Gas Shift Catalysts for Hydrogen Rich Syngas Production from Biomass Steam Gasification

Author:
Lang Charlotte; Sécordel Xavier; Courson Claire
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2017 v.31 no.11 pp. 12932-12941
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
X-ray diffraction; adsorption; biomass; carbon; catalysts; ceric oxide; combustion; copper; crystallites; foams; fuels; gasification; hydrogen; methane; nitrogen; steam; surface area; synthesis gas; temperature; thermodynamics; urea nitrate
Abstract:
... Copper-based catalysts deposited on foams were developed to perform the water gas shift reaction at low temperature (150–300 °C) at the outlet of a biomass gasifier with limited pressure drop. Different synthesis methods were used such as wet impregnation and urea-nitrates combustion methods for the preparation of copper/ceria/foam catalysts containing 4.5–7.0 wt % of copper as the active phase an ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b01765

31. Correlation Method for Conversion Determination of Biodiesel Obtained from Different Alcohols by 1H NMR Spectroscopy

Author:
Faraguna Fabio; Racar Marko; Glasovac Zoran; Jukić Ante
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2017 v.31 no.4 pp. 3943-3948
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
1-propanol; benzyl alcohol; biodiesel; catalysts; ethanol; fatty acids; guanidines; isopropyl alcohol; methanol; monitoring; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; pentanols; transesterification; vegetable oil
Abstract:
... This work presents a correlation method that uses ¹H NMR spectra for determining the conversion during transesterification of vegetable oil with 10 alcohols: methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, isobutanol, 1-pentanol, isopentanol, 1-hexanol, 1-heptanol, 1-octanol, 1-decanol, 1-dodecanol, and benzyl alcohol. Conversions ranging from 70 to 99%, depending on primary alcoh ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b02855

32. Coupling Red-Mud Ketonization of a Model Bio-Oil Mixture with Aqueous Phase Hydrogenation Using Activated Carbon Monoliths

Author:
Weber Justin; Thompson Aaron; Wilmoth Jared; Gulotty Robert J.; Kastner James R.
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2017 v.31 no.9 pp. 9529-9541
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
acetone; activated carbon; alcohols; biofuels; catalysts; formic acid; granules; hydrogen; hydrogenation; iron oxides; models; oils; pyrolysis; wood
Abstract:
... A two-stage catalytic process for converting model bio-oil oxygenates (acetic acid, formic acid, acetol, and levoglucosan) to higher value compounds was conducted. Ketonization using iron oxide catalysts prepared from red mud was implemented in a packed bed reactor system using fast pyrolysis oil model compounds (stage one). High levels of acetone (15–25 g/L), 2-butanone (∼5 g/L), and cyclic keton ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b01500
CHORUS:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b01500

33. Deep Conversion of Venezuela Heavy Oil via Integrated Cracking and Coke Gasification–Combustion Process

Author:
Zhang Yuming; Huang Lei; Xi Xiaoying; Li Wangliang; Sun Guogang; Gao Shiqiu; Zhang Shu
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2017 v.31 no.9 pp. 9915-9922
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
acidity; ammonia; carbon; carbon monoxide; catalysts; catalytic cracking; cracking; desorption; fluidized beds; fuels; gasification; hydrogen; oils; synthesis gas; value added; volatilization; Venezuela
Abstract:
... The integrated residue cracking and coke gasification–combustion (RCGC) process was proposed to make hierarchical and value-added utilization of Venezuela vacuum residue. Heavy oil cracking was conducted in a fluidized bed reactor with spent fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalysts, finding that both high liquid yield (>76 wt %) and conversion ratio (>90%) could be realized over the hydrothermal t ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b01606

34. Determination of the Synergism/Antagonism Parameters during Co-gasification of Potassium-Rich Biomass with Non-biomass Feedstock

Author:
Fernandes Roxin; Hill Josephine M.; Kopyscinski Jan
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2017 v.31 no.2 pp. 1842-1849
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
Panicum virgatum; biomass; catalysts; coal; feedstocks; gasification; models; potassium; synergism; temperature
Abstract:
... This study focuses on quantifying the synergistic/antagonistic behavior occurring during the co-gasification of non-biomass feedstock (ash-free coal and fluid coke) with potassium-rich switchgrass. The results showed that the gasification rate of switchgrass in the mixture decreased as a certain amount of its potassium was transferred to the non-biomass feed, leading to a multifold increase in the ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b02270

35. Developing a Novel CaO-Based Sorbent for Promoted CO2 Capture and Tar Reduction

Author:
Han Long; Zhang Yuan; Lin Kang; Jia Xin; Zhang Hao; Zhong Yingjie; Wang Qinhui; Li Zheng
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2017 v.31 no.5 pp. 5306-5317
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; biomass; calcium; calcium oxide; carbon dioxide; carbon monoxide; carbonation; catalysts; catalytic activity; catalytic cracking; ferric oxide; gasification; hydrogen; iron; mass spectrometry; methane; pyrolysis; sol-gel processing; sorbents; sorption; storage; strength (mechanics); synthesis gas; temperature; thermogravimetry; wheat straw
Abstract:
... Biomass gasification based on calcium looping sorption enhanced reforming (CLSER) has the advantages of generating syngas with high purity hydrogen and simultaneously capturing CO₂ in process. This study first aims to develop a novel synthetic CaO-based sorbent, addressing its tar reduction potential and mechanical strength along with cyclic carbonation reactivity. The novel sorbent was synthesize ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b03409

36. Development of Fe-Promoted Ni–Al Catalysts for Hydrogen Production from Gasification of Wood Sawdust

Author:
Dong Lisha; Wu Chunfei; Ling Huajuan; Shi Jeffrey; Williams Paul T.; Huang Jun
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2017 v.31 no.3 pp. 2118-2127
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
X-ray diffraction; aluminum oxide; biomass; catalysts; coprecipitation; cost effectiveness; gasification; hydrogen; hydrogen production; iron; nanoparticles; nickel; sawdust; synthesis gas; thermal stability; transmission electron microscopy; wastes; wood
Abstract:
... The production of renewable hydrogen-enriched gas from biomass waste is a promising technology for the development of a sustainable economy and society. Until now, there are still challenges of the technology in terms of the efficiency of hydrogen production. A catalyst is known and has been tested to enhance hydrogen production from biomass gasification, in particular, using Ni-based catalysts, w ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b02050

37. Direct Synthesis of Isobutanol from Syngas over Nanosized Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 Catalysts Derived from Hydrotalcite-like Materials Supported on Carbon Fibers

Author:
Cheng Shu-Yan; Gao Zhi-Hua; Kou Jia-Wei; Liu Yan; Huang Wei
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2017 v.31 no.8 pp. 8572-8579
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
X-ray diffraction; adsorption; aluminum oxide; carbon fibers; catalysts; catalytic activity; cations; copper; coprecipitation; energy-dispersive X-ray analysis; fuels; nanoparticles; scanning electron microscopy; surface area; synthesis gas; temperature; zinc oxide
Abstract:
... The Cu/ZnO/Al₂O₃ catalyst can be utilized to directly synthesize isobutanol from syngas at low temperatures, and carbon fibers (CFs) are widely used as catalyst supporter. However, little is known about the effect of CFs on Cu/ZnO/Al₂O₃ catalysts. In this work, we report the effects of CFs on catalysis and structure of Cu/ZnO/Al₂O₃ catalysts. The composites containing Cu/ZnO/Al₂O₃ nanoparticles an ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b01307

38. Direct and Rapid Quantitative Analysis of Alkyldibenzothiophenes in Deeply Hydrodesulfurized Diesel Fuel by Gas Chromatography Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry

Author:
Zhu Xinyi; Liu Mingxing; Liu Zelong; Li Ying; Tian Songbai
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2017 v.31 no.9 pp. 9125-9131
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
catalysts; diesel fuel; distillates; environmental protection; gas chromatography; mass spectrometry; quantitative analysis; recalcitrant species; sulfur
Abstract:
... Polycyclic aromatic sulfur heterocycles are undesirable compounds in fuel and refined petroleum-based products. The sulfur compounds in diesel are limited strictly to an ultralow concentration according to environmental protection rules. Alkyldibenzothiophenes are recalcitrant species in the hydrodesulfurization process, and speciation of dibenzothiophenes in deeply hydrodesulfurized diesel fuel p ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b01289

39. Dynamic Modeling and Simulation of a Slurry-Phase Reactor for Hydrotreating of Oil Fractions

Author:
Calderón Cristian J.; Ancheyta Jorge
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2017 v.31 no.5 pp. 5691-5700
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
alkenes; catalysts; dynamic models; equations; gases; hydrodynamics; hydrogenation; mass transfer; mathematical models; oils; petroleum; slurries; temperature; thermodynamics; volatile compounds
Abstract:
... The dynamic modeling and simulation of a slurry-phase reactor for catalytic hydrotreating of oil fractions obtained from heavy crude oil at 613 K and 5.3 MPa are reported. Compared with previous models, the proposed model incorporates the calculation of Henry constants for the volatile components through a state equation and the variation in superficial gas velocity regarding the G–L mass transfer ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b00450

40. Effect of Bed Material on Oxygen/Steam Gasification of Two Solid Recovered Fuels (SRFs) in a Bench-Scale Fluidized-Bed Reactor

Author:
Recari J.; Berrueco C.; Abelló S.; Montané D.; Farriol X.
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2017 v.31 no.8 pp. 8445-8453
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
ammonia; carbon; catalysts; catalytic activity; dolomite; fluidized beds; fuels; gasification; hydrochloric acid; hydrogen cyanide; hydrogen sulfide; metals; oxygen; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; sand; steam; sulfur; wastes
Abstract:
... The goal of this study is to assess the release of contaminants during the oxygen/steam gasification of two waste-derived fuels using three different bed materials. The solid recovered fuels (SRFs) were tested at 850 °C in a bench-scale fluidized-bed reactor with sand, dolomite, and olivine as bed materials. The effects of the experimental conditions were assessed based on the gasification perform ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b01507

41. Effect of Metal Loading in NiMo/Al2O3 Catalysts on Maya Vacuum Residue Hydrocracking

Author:
Purón Holda; Pinilla José Luis; Montoya de la Fuente J. A.; Millán Marcos
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2017 v.31 no.5 pp. 4843-4850
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
aluminum oxide; boiling point; carbon; catalysts; feedstocks; molecular weight; oils; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; polymerization; porosity; porous media; temperature
Abstract:
... Hydrocracking catalysts with large porosity need to be developed to treat heavy oil feedstocks rich in large molecular weight components such as asphaltenes and withstand deactivation due to coke formation. In this work, catalysts were prepared by impregnation of varying NiMo loadings on a mesoporous Al₂O₃ support. The effect of metal loading on the hydrocracking of a vacuum residue at three tempe ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b00104

42. Effect of the Pd/MCM-41 Pore Size on the Catalytic Activity and cis–trans Selectivity for Partial Hydrogenation of Canola Biodiesel

Author:
Hongmanorom Plaifa; Luengnaruemitchai Apanee; Chollacoop Nuwong; Yoshimura Yuji
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2017 v.31 no.8 pp. 8202-8209
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
X-ray diffraction; ammonia; biodiesel; canola; catalysts; catalytic activity; desorption; fatty acid methyl esters; hydrogenation; palladium; porosity; surface area; transmission electron microscopy
Abstract:
... The effect of the pore size of Pd/MCM-41 on the catalytic activity and selectivity in partial hydrogenation of canola-oil-derived biodiesel was studied under mild reaction conditions. The catalysts with different pore sizes were obtained by varying the amount of aqueous ammonia added during the synthesis: Pd/MCM-41-a8, Pd/MCM-41-a5, and Pd/MCM-41-a3 with average pore diameters of 3.72, 3.99, and 7 ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b00832

43. Effects of Natural Dolomite Catalysts on Cracking Anthracene Oil

Author:
Liang Peng; Yu Juan; Zhang Yaqing; Jiao Tiantian; Qin Xizhuang
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2017 v.31 no.11 pp. 11765-11772
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
X-ray diffraction; anthracenes; calcium carbonate; carbon dioxide; carbon monoxide; catalysts; catalytic cracking; dolomite; fuels; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; hydrogen; methane; naphthalene; oils; phenanthrenes; pyrolysis; scanning electron microscopy; temperature; transmission electron microscopy
Abstract:
... Natural dolomite catalysts, representing a cheap and environmentally friendly alternative to nickel-based compounds, can be used for the cracking of anthracene oil to form more valuable products. The impact of operating conditions (temperature, water/oil mass ratio, and space velocity) on the distribution and yield of pyrolysis products was investigated in a fixed-bed reactor, providing insights i ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b02017

44. Effects of a Diesel Particulate Filter on Emission Characteristics of a China II Non-road Diesel Engine

Author:
Zhong Hao; Tan Jianwei; Wang Yulong; Tian Jinling; Hu Naitao; Cheng Jin; Zhang Xuemin
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2017 v.31 no.9 pp. 9833-9839
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
carbon monoxide; catalysts; diesel engines; filters; fuels; gas emissions; hydrocarbons; oxidation; particulate emissions; particulates; quantitative analysis; smoke; China
Abstract:
... The emission standard of China’s non-road diesel engines is experiencing the transition period from China II to China III, and the relative non-road diesel engine emission issues need to be urgently solved. As a kind of effective after-treatment technology, a diesel particulate filter (DPF) has become increasingly important in non-road diesel engine emission research. To evaluate the emission char ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b00590

45. Effects of p-Toluenesulfonic Acid in the Conversion of Glucose for Levulinic Acid and Sulfonated Carbon Production

Author:
Kang Shimin; Zhang Gang; Yang Xuesi; Yin Huibin; Fu Xiaobo; Liao Junxu; Tu Junling; Huang Xiangxuan; Qin Frank G. F.; Xu Yongjun
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2017 v.31 no.3 pp. 2847-2854
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
carbon; catalysts; catalytic activity; esterification; ethanol; glucose; hydrophobicity; levulinic acid; protons; thermal stability
Abstract:
... This work investigates the possibility that valuable levulinic acid and sulfonated carbon could be produced in a one-pot reaction. p-Toluenesulfonic acid is used as an acidic catalyst as well as a sulfonating agent in the reaction, and its main effects are determined, depending on the water dosage. Relatively low water dosage is conductive to sulfonated carbon formation with high H⁺ exchange capac ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b02675

46. Efficient Production of the Liquid Fuel 2,5-Dimethylfuran from 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural in the Absence of Acid Additive over Bimetallic PdAu Supported on Graphitized Carbon

Author:
Zhang Feng; Liu Yunfei; Yuan Fulong; Niu Xiaoyu; Zhu Yujun
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2017 v.31 no.6 pp. 6364-6373
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; carbon; catalysts; catalytic activity; fuels; gold; hydrogenation; hydroxymethylfurfural; nanogold; palladium; transmission electron microscopy
Abstract:
... A series of graphitized carbon (GC) supports with different degrees of graphitization was prepared and characterized. The study clearly showed that GC800 was the most proper support after loading the noble metal in the hydrogenation of biomass-derived 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to liquid fuel 2,5-dimethylfuran (DMF) under mild reaction conditions. Over the Pd/GC800 catalysts, relatively high se ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b00428

47. Efficient Synthesis of Polyoxymethylene Dimethyl Ethers on Al-SBA-15 Catalysts with Different Si/Al Ratios and Pore Sizes

Author:
Xue Zhenzhen; Shang Hongyan; Zhang Zailong; Xiong Chunhua; Lu Changbo; An Gaojun
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2017 v.31 no.1 pp. 279-286
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
Lewis acids; X-radiation; X-ray diffraction; adsorption; aluminum; ammonia; byproducts; catalysts; catalytic activity; desorption; ethers; fluorescence; formates; nitrogen; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; porosity; pyridines; scanning electron microscopy; sieves; silicon; stable isotopes; transmission electron microscopy
Abstract:
... As a kind of excellent diesel-blending component, polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers (PODEn) have received widespread attention. Herein, Al-SBA-15 molecular sieves with different Si/Al ratios and pore sizes were synthesized and used to investigate the catalytic performance for the synthesis of polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers from methylal and trioxane. X-ray diffraction, N₂ adsorption–desorption, s ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b02255

48. Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to Fuels Using Pt/CNT Catalysts Synthesized in Supercritical Medium

Author:
Jiménez Carlos; García Jesús; Camarillo Rafael; Martínez Fabiola; Rincón Jesusa
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2017 v.31 no.3 pp. 3038-3046
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
acetates; acetone; carbon dioxide; carbon nanotubes; catalysts; electrochemistry; electrolytes; formic acid; fuels; gases; isopropyl alcohol; methane; methanol; nanoparticles; platinum; polymers; temperature
Abstract:
... The electrochemical reduction of CO₂ in the gas phase has been carried out in a solid polymer electrolyte type cell (25 cm² geometric area) in continuous operation mode using carbon nanotube-supported platinum catalysts (Pt/CNT). The main novelty of this work relies on the use of supercritical media (supercritical CO₂) for Pt deposition on CNT. Supercritical synthesis has allowed obtaining small P ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b03017

49. Engineering Operation Performance of Catalytic Deoxygenation Equipment for Landfill Gas Upgrading

Author:
Chen Zezhi; Gong Huijuan; Bao Yanchu; Wu Weili
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2017 v.31 no.4 pp. 4565-4570
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
catalysts; cost effectiveness; durability; engineering; equipment; landfills; methane; natural gas; oxidation; oxygen; temperature
Abstract:
... Catalytic methane (CH₄) oxidation was proven to be a potential deoxygenation technique for upgrading landfill gas (LFG) as an alternative for natural gas or vehicle fuel. In this paper, a catalytic deoxygenation unit with 5000 N m³/h feed gas treatment capacity was installed in an LFG upgrading engineering project. This catalytic equipment has shown excellent deoxygenation performance. The catalyt ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b00421

50. Enhancement of Electricity Generation by a Microbial Fuel Cell Using a Highly Active Non-Precious-Metal Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Composite Catalyst Cathode

Author:
Dong Gregory Ryan; Kariminia Hamid-Reza; Chen Zhongwei W.; Parker Wayne; Pritzker Mark D.; Legge Raymond L.
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2017 v.31 no.1 pp. 959-967
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
acetates; air; carbon; catalysts; cathodes; electricity; energy; microbial fuel cells; oxygen; platinum
Abstract:
... As microbial fuel cell (MFC) technology continues to gain momentum toward commercialization, the replacement of traditionally used platinum for oxygen reduction with an inexpensive catalyst becomes more important. A nonprecious nitrogen-doped carbon composite catalyst with previous applications in PEM fuel cells is demonstrated for the first time in a single-chamber air cathode MFC with comparison ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b02206

51. Ethanol Steam Reforming on Ni-Based Catalysts: Effect of Cu and Fe Addition on the Catalytic Activity and Resistance to Deactivation

Author:
Zheng Ziliang; Sun Chen; Dai Rong; Wang Shiyao; Wu Xu; An Xia; Wu Zhonghua; Xie Xianmei
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2017 v.31 no.3 pp. 3091-3100
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
X-radiation; X-ray diffraction; absorption; acetaldehyde; alloys; carbon monoxide; catalysts; catalytic activity; chemical bonding; copper; dehydrogenation; dissociation; energy-dispersive X-ray analysis; ethanol; hydrogen; iron; methane; nickel; oxidation; scanning electron microscopy; steam; synergism
Abstract:
... Ethanol steam reforming (ESR) on a group of multifunctional xFeyCu10Ni-Beta catalysts was studied using in X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), temperature-programmed reduction in hydrogen (H₂-TPR), temperature-programmed oxidation (TPO), and X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) techniques with a focus on the structural char ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b03016

52. Evolution of Functional Groups during Pyrolysis Oil Upgrading

Author:
Stankovikj Filip; Tran Chi-Cong; Kaliaguine Serge; Olarte Mariefel V.; Garcia-Perez Manuel
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2017 v.31 no.8 pp. 8300-8316
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; catalysts; ethers; fluorescence; fuels; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; hydrogen; hydrogenation; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; oils; phenol; phosphorus; pyrolysis; stable isotopes; temperature; titration; wood
Abstract:
... In this work, we examine the evolution of functional groups (carbonyl, carboxyl, phenol, and hydroxyl) during hydrotreatment at 100–200 °C of two typical wood derived pyrolysis oils from BTG and Amaron in a batch reactor over Ru/C catalyst for reaction time of 4 h. An aqueous and an oily phase were obtained. The contents of the functional groups in both phases were analyzed by GC/MS, ³¹P NMR, ¹H N ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b01251
CHORUS:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b01251

53. Experimental Insights into the Thermal Dehydrogenation of Ethylene Diamine Bisborane Using Allyl-Based Ionic Liquids

Author:
Banerjee Basudhrity; Pugazhenthi G.; Banerjee Tamal
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2017 v.31 no.5 pp. 5428-5440
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
catalysts; cations; dehydrogenation; ethylene; gas chromatography; hydrogen; ionic liquids; models; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; screening; temperature; thermogravimetry; weight loss
Abstract:
... This work reports the use of allyl-based imidazolium cations for dehydrogenation of ethylene diaminebisborane (EDAB) at three different temperatures, namely, 95, 105, and 115 °C, under vacuum. The allyl-based ionic liquid (IL) was selected by using the infinite dilution activity coefficient (IDAC) as predicted from the COSMO-SAC (COnductor-like Screening MOdel–Segment Activity Coefficient) model. ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b02823

54. Favorable Temperature Gradient for Maximum Low-Salinity Enhanced Oil Recovery Effects in Carbonates

Author:
Strand S.; Henningsen S. C.; Puntervold T.; Austad T.
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2017 v.31 no.5 pp. 4687-4693
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
ambient temperature; anhydrite; calcium; calcium sulfate; carbonates; catalysts; ions; limestone; oil fields; oils; solubility; wettability
Abstract:
... Experimentally, it has been found that Ca²⁺ and SO₄²– are key ions in the Smart Water wettability alteration process in limestone and that low-salinity (LS) enhanced oil recovery (EOR) effects in limestone can be observed if the formation minerals also include dissolvable anhydrite, CaSO₄. A diluted brine, such as a standard LS brine, contains low amounts of Ca²⁺ and SO₄²–, which prevent wettabili ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b03019

55. Fe–Ni–MCM-41 Catalysts for Hydrogen-Rich Syngas Production from Waste Plastics by Pyrolysis–Catalytic Steam Reforming

Author:
Zhang Yeshui; Huang Jun; Williams Paul T.
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2017 v.31 no.8 pp. 8497-8504
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
carbon; carbon monoxide; catalysts; encapsulation; energy-dispersive X-ray analysis; fuels; hydrogen; hydrogen production; iron; nickel; plastics; porous media; steam; synthesis gas; transmission electron microscopy; wastes
Abstract:
... A two-stage pyrolysis–catalytic steam reforming process was used with mesoporous MCM-41 supported iron and nickel bimetallic catalysts for hydrogen-rich syngas production from a simulated mixture of waste plastics. Different Fe/Ni weight ratios (00:20, 05:15, 10:10, 05:15, and 20:00) have been investigated to determine the influence on hydrogen production. The results showed that the presence of F ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b01368

56. Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis Performance of Supported Nano-Iron Catalysts Synthesized By a Gas-Expanded Liquid Deposition Technique

Author:
Xu Rui; Vengsarkar Pranav S.; Roe David; Roberts Christopher B.
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2017 v.31 no.4 pp. 4343-4352
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
X-ray diffraction; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; adsorption; atomic absorption spectrometry; carbides; carbon; carbon dioxide; carbon monoxide; catalysts; crystallites; desorption; hydrogen; iron; iron oxides; nanoparticles; nitrogen; potassium; probability; silica; solvents; synthesis gas; synthetic fuels; transmission electron microscopy
Abstract:
... A gas-expanded-liquid technique (GXL) was applied to the preparation of supported iron catalysts for Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS). A mixture of presynthesized iron oxide nanoparticles with an average size of 12 nm was deposited onto a SiO₂ support in a manner such that nanoparticles smaller than 5 nm were excluded from the final catalyst product. A series of SiO₂-supported iron oxide nanopartic ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b02971
CHORUS:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b02971

57. Fluid Catalytic Cracking of Hydrogenated Light Cycle Oil for Maximum Gasoline Production: Effect of Catalyst Composition

Author:
Zhang Haina; Zhu Xiaolin; Chen Xiaocheng; Miao Peipei; Yang Chunchao; Li Chunyi
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2017 v.31 no.3 pp. 2749-2754
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
aromatic compounds; catalysts; catalytic cracking; gasoline; hydrogen; hydrogenation; oils
Abstract:
... Selective hydrogenation and subsequent catalytic cracking of light cycle oil (LCO) from a fluid catalytic cracking unit is expected to produce more high-octane-number gasoline. In this process, the multi-ring aromatics are selectively hydrogenated and transformed to naphthenic aromatics, which are further converted into the gasoline fraction through cracking reaction. This work has systematically ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b00185

58. Heavy Oil Hydrocracking on a Liquid Catalyst

Author:
Ortega García F. J.; Mar Juárez E.
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2017 v.31 no.8 pp. 7995-8000
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
catalysts; catalytic cracking; distillates; hydrocarbons; nitrogen; oils; petroleum; sediments; specific gravity; sulfur; temperature; viscosity
Abstract:
... Heavy crude oil was upgraded into a lighter oil by means of hydrocracking on an acidic Mo–Ni liquid catalyst. Upgrading was measured in terms of specific gravity, viscosity, and distillates yield. The experimental results show that heavy crude oil was upgraded to an extent that depends on the severity of the reaction conditions; in all cases the hydrocracked oil was lighter, less viscous, and rich ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b01132

59. High Yield of Hydrocarbons from Catalytic Hydrodenitrogenation of Indole under Hydrothermal Conditions

Author:
Luo Ligang; Liu Shaotong; Liu Chunze; Wang Yuanyuan; Dai Liyi
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2017 v.31 no.11 pp. 12594-12602
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
alkanes; aluminum oxide; aromatic hydrocarbons; carbon; catalysts; fossil fuels; hydrogen; hydrolysis; indoles; liquids; microscopy; palladium; platinum; pyrolysis; screening; temperature
Abstract:
... We report herein on a new method to achieve a high yield of hydrocarbons from hydrothermal catalytic hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) of indole, which is higher than that from conventional pyrolysis methods. The main hydrocarbon products were aromatic hydrocarbons and alkanes, which are similar to fossil oils to be used as liquid fuels in the future. Catalyst screening experiments show that noble metal ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b02322

60. High-Purity Fatty Acid n-Octyl Esters from Housefly (Musca domestica L.) Larval Lipids, a Potential New Biolubricant Source

Author:
Cai Zi-zhe; Wu Sheng-qing; Sun Guo; Niu Yi; Zheng Dong; Peng Shi-yi; Yang Wen-zhe; Wang Yong; Yang Depo
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2017 v.31 no.10 pp. 10966-10974
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
Musca domestica; acid value; benzenesulfonic acid; biodiesel; biolubricants; byproducts; catalysts; distillation; esterification; esters; fatty acids; feedstocks; free fatty acids; fuel production; glycerol; larvae; liquids; potassium hydroxide; temperature; value added
Abstract:
... With the cost of traditional lipid feedstocks constituting 70% of the total cost of biolubricant production, it is urgent to find a new lipid source for the biodiesel and biolubricant industry. With the elevated acid value (61.8 mg of KOH/g) of housefly larval lipids, converting the free fatty acid (FFA) into a biolubricant could serve as a value-added approach to the larval diesel industry, other ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b01996

61. Hydrodeoxygenation of 2-Methoxyphenol over Ru, Pd, and Mo2C Catalysts Supported on Carbon

Author:
Liu Shida; Wang Haiyan; Smith Kevin J.; Kim Chang Soo
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2017 v.31 no.6 pp. 6378-6388
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
activated carbon; benzene; catalysts; cyclohexanes; fuels; guaiacol; hydrogen; hydrogenation; palladium; phenol; temperature
Abstract:
... The hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of 2-methoxyphenol (or guaiacol, GUA) over Pd, Ru, and Mo₂C catalysts supported on activated carbon (AC) is compared. The activities of the catalysts for hydrogenation versus deoxygenation on a per site basis, measured over a range of temperatures in a liquid phase batch reactor at high H₂ pressure (3.4 MPa), are quantified using lumped kinetics. The overall GUA consum ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b00452

62. Hydrodesulfurization Kinetics of Middle Distillates: A Four-Lumping Model with Consideration of Nitrogen and Aromatics Inhibitions

Author:
Albazzaz Hamza; Marafi Abdulazim MJ; Ma Xiaoliang; Ansari Thameem
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2017 v.31 no.1 pp. 831-838
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
aromatic compounds; catalysts; chemical structure; distillates; feedstocks; hydrogen; models; nitrogen; nitrogen content; oils; sulfur
Abstract:
... The objective of the present study is to develop a better hydrodesulfurization (HDS) kinetic model on the basis of a fundamental and comprehensive understanding of the different HDS reactivities of various sulfur compounds in middle distillates and the inhibition effects of the coexisting nitrogen and aromatic compounds. Five middle distillates blended from straight run gas oil, heavy gas oil, and ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b02581

63. Hydroprocessing Catalysts Containing Noble Metals: Deactivation, Regeneration, Metals Reclamation, and Environment and Safety

Author:
Marafi Meena; Furimsky Edward
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2017 v.31 no.6 pp. 5711-5750
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
catalysts; metals; nitrogen; petroleum; sulfur
Abstract:
... Interest in the use of catalysts containing noble metals (NMs) in various hydroprocessing (HPR) applications is the result of an increasing volume of unconventional feeds and a continuous change in performance parameters of petroleum products. Conventional HPR catalysts can only partially fulfill new requirements. The high price of NMs and their high activity under both reducing and oxidative atmo ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b00471

64. Hydroprocessing of Low-Temperature Coal Tar for the Production of Clean Fuel over Fluorinated NiW/Al2O3–SiO2 Catalyst

Author:
Cui Wengang; Li Wenhong; Gao Rong; Ma Haixia; Li Dong; Niu Menglong; Lei Xiong
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2017 v.31 no.4 pp. 3768-3783
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; X-ray diffraction; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; acidity; adsorption; catalysts; catalytic activity; coal tar; crystal structure; distillation; feedstocks; nitrogen; nitrogen content; phenols; scanning electron microscopy; viscosity
Abstract:
... Hydroprocessing of low-temperature coal tar (LTCT) for the production of clean fuel was investigated over fluorinated NiW/Al₂O₃–SiO₂ catalyst in a fixed bed reactor. A series of NiW/Al₂O₃–SiO₂ catalysts with different F-loading were prepared by incipient wetness coimpregnation and characterized by various techniques such as nitrogen adsorption, FT-IR, XRD, SEM TPD-NH₃, and XPS. The effects on the ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b03390

65. Improved Arsine Removal Efficiency Over MnOx Supported Molecular Sieves Catalysts via Micro-Oxygen Oxidation

Author:
Lin Yilong; Wang Xueqian; Hao Jiming; Ning Ping; Qu Guangfei; Ma Yixing; Wang Langlang
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2017 v.31 no.9 pp. 9752-9759
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; active sites; aqueous solutions; catalysts; energy-dispersive X-ray analysis; fuels; manganese; manganese dioxide; nitrates; oxidation; oxygen; sieves; temperature
Abstract:
... With the aim of improving the arsine (AsH₃) removal efficiency, 5A molecular sieves were modified by the transition metal oxides and used as catalysts. MnOₓ catalysts supported on 5A molecular sieves (Mn-5A) were prepared by an impregnation method and subsequently tested toward the catalytic oxidation of AsH₃ under micro-oxygen conditions at 150 °C. The effects of the metal oxide types that suppor ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b01477

66. In Situ Catalytic Upgrading of Coal Pyrolysis Tar over Carbon-Based Catalysts Coupled with CO2 Reforming of Methane

Author:
Wang Mingyi; Jin Lijun; Li Yang; Wang Jiaofei; Yang Xiaoyu; Hu Haoquan
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2017 v.31 no.9 pp. 9356-9362
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
activated carbon; boiling point; carbon dioxide; catalysts; coal; cracking; deuterium; methane; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; pyrolysis; stable isotopes; surface area
Abstract:
... In situ catalytic upgrading of tar from the integrated process of CO₂ reforming of methane with coal pyrolysis (CRMP) was investigated over carbon-based catalysts to increase the light tar yield. The results showed that the light tar (boiling point of <360 °C) content and light tar yield increase when char, modified char (MC), or activated carbon (AC) were used as the catalysts. The effectiveness ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b01950

67. In Situ Raman Spectroscopy Study on Catalytic Pyrolysis of a Bituminous Coal

Author:
Zhu Huaili; Yu Guangsuo; Guo Qinghua; Wang Xingjun
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2017 v.31 no.6 pp. 5817-5827
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
Raman spectroscopy; catalysts; coal; gases; pyrolysis; temperature; thermogravimetry
Abstract:
... How different catalysts would affect the evolution of char structure with increasing temperature during the pyrolysis of coal is fundamentally important for the clean utilization of coal. In this study, we applied in situ Raman spectroscopy and a fixed-bed reactor to characterize the evolution of char structure and product gas formation behavior. The results showed that the formation curves of the ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b03042

68. Influence of Equilibrium Fluid Catalytic Cracking Catalyst Amount on the Thermolysis Process of Various Polyolefin Plastic Wastes in a Fixed-Bed Reactor for Gasoline and Diesel Production

Author:
Valanciene Egle; Miknius Linas; Martynaitis Vytas; Striugas Nerijus
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2017 v.31 no.10 pp. 11194-11210
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
acidity; thermogravimetry; liquids; diesel fuel; feedstocks; catalytic activity; fuel production; thermodynamics; composite polymers; thermal degradation; polystyrenes; polyolefin; catalytic cracking; temperature; wastes; isomerization; aromatic compounds; hydrocarbons; thermoplastics; catalysts; gasoline; polypropylenes
Abstract:
... The comprehensive study of waste industrial and automotive plastics [polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polystyrene (PS), ethylene-propylene copolymer (E/P), thermoplastic elastomer based on the ethylene–propylene–diene terpolymer and polypropylene (PP/EPDM)] thermolysis processes with 0%, 10%, and 25% of equilibrium fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst content was performed, and the cataly ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b01472

69. Influence of Inorganic Matter in Biomass on the Catalytic Production of Aromatics and Olefins in a Fluidized-Bed Reactor

Author:
Likun Peter Keliona Wani; Zhang Huiyan; Vitidsant Tharapong; Reubroycharoen Prasert; Xiao Rui
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2017 v.31 no.6 pp. 6120-6131
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
benzene; biomass; carbon; catalysts; ethylene; fluidized beds; fuels; inorganic matter; pyrolysis; sugarcane bagasse; temperature; zeolites
Abstract:
... Catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP) conversions of sugarcane bagasse (pretreated and untreated, or “raw”) over HZSM-5 zeolite catalyst were conducted in a fluidized-bed reactor to compare the hydrocarbons yields and selectivities of pretreated and raw biomass materials in order to determine the effect of inorganic matter on the aromatics and olefins yields. The effects of reaction temperature and sweep ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b00339

70. Influence of Mixed Supports on the Steam Catalytic Reforming of Wood Vinegar

Author:
Xu Xiwei; Jiang Enchen; Sun Yan; Li Zhiyu
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2017 v.31 no.2 pp. 1678-1688
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
aluminum oxide; carbon; catalysts; hydrogen; renewable energy sources; steam; vinegars; wood; zeolites
Abstract:
... Obtaining hydrogen from renewable energy is a novel method. Instead of single support catalysts, mixed zeolite supports were used in this study to obtain hydrogen by steam catalytic reforming of wood vinegar. This technique improves the activity and extends the life of catalysts. The results show that, compared with a single support catalyst, mixed supports are beneficial for improving H₂ concentr ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b03000

71. Influence of Reaction Atmosphere (N2, CO, CO2, and H2) on ZSM-5 Catalyzed Microwave-Induced Fast Pyrolysis of Medicinal Herb Residue for Biofuel Production

Author:
Zhang Bo; Zhang Jing
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2017 v.31 no.9 pp. 9627-9632
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
biofuels; carbon dioxide; carbon monoxide; catalysts; chemical composition; fuel production; hydrogen; medicinal plants; microwave treatment; nitrogen; oils; phenols; pyrolysis; silicon carbide; synthesis gas
Abstract:
... Microwave-induced catalytic fast pyrolysis of medicinal herb residue was implemented to produce biofuel with the use of ZSM-5 catalyst and microwave receptive material (SiC). This research aims to explore the effect of reaction atmosphere on the pyrolytic product yields and oil chemical compositions. The results demonstrate that CO atmosphere leads to the lowest total liquid and oil fraction yield ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b02106

72. Influence of Support Acidity and Ir Content on the Selective Ring Opening of Decalin over Ir/SiO2–Al2O3

Author:
D’Ippolito Silvana A.; Ballarini Adriana D.; Pieck Carlos L.
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2017 v.31 no.5 pp. 5461-5471
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
acidity; catalysts; catalytic cracking; dehydrogenation; hydrochloric acid; isomerization; isomers; silica; temperature
Abstract:
... The influence of the addition of HCl and Ir (1 wt %) to different SiO₂–Al₂O₃ supports of varying silica content was studied in the reaction of selective ring opening of decalin. The addition of HCl to silica–alumina supports containing 70 and 80 wt % SiO₂ was found to have little influence in the distribution of reaction products compared to the calcined supports. The incorporation of Ir to the si ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b00451

73. Innovative One-Step Liquefying Method with High Conversion of Biomass Using Raney Nickel and NaOH as Combined Catalysts

Author:
Wang Yu-Lu; Zheng Ji-Feng; Yan Shuai; Ye Yue-Yuan; Li Shui-Rong; Wang Duo; Liu Yun-Quan
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2017 v.31 no.3 pp. 2907-2913
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
acids; autoclaves; bamboos; biofuels; biomass; catalysts; corn cobs; feedstocks; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; hydrocarbons; ketones; liquefaction; nickel; phenols; sodium hydroxide; stainless steel; thermogravimetry
Abstract:
... A novel liquefaction method was developed for transforming different types of biomass, such as fir, bamboo, pine, and corncob, into bio-oil efficiently with Raney nickel (R-Ni) and NaOH as combined catalysts in a 2-propanol/H₂O system, which was carried out in a 50 mL stainless-steel autoclave at 245 °C, corresponding to the working pressure maintained at 8 MPa. The conversion of biomass could rea ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b03039

74. Interaction of Potassium and Calcium in the Catalytic Gasification of Biosolids and Switchgrass

Author:
Arnold Ross A.; Habibi Rozita; Kopyscinski Jan; Hill Josephine M.
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2017 v.31 no.6 pp. 6240-6247
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
Panicum virgatum; biosolids; calcium; catalysts; fuels; gasification; models; potassium; soot; thermogravimetry; wastewater treatment
Abstract:
... Catalytic gasification is a method of converting biosolids, the solids created during wastewater treatment, into a valuable gaseous stream. One of the challenges with this process is that the components in the ash of the biosolids can interact with the gasification catalyst(s)in particular, calcium and potassium. In this study, the behaviors of different combinations of switchgrass (the source of ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b00972

75. Ionic-Liquid-Catalyzed Alkylation of Extracted Oil from a Fluid Catalytic Cracking Slurry

Author:
Lin Yan; Nan Guozhi; Li Yufen; Luo Hui; Fan Weiyu
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2017 v.31 no.11 pp. 11911-11917
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
alkylation; catalysts; catalytic activity; catalytic cracking; chemical structure; ionic liquids; molecular weight; oils; petroleum; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; raw materials; slurries; sulfonates; temperature
Abstract:
... The alkylation of the oil extracted from an FCC slurry with 1-octadecene, as catalyzed by the ionic liquid Et₃NHCl·2AlCl₃, was investigated in this work. The reaction conditions (such as catalyst dosage, molar ratio of extracted oil to 1-octadecene, reaction temperature, and reaction time) were optimized through measurements of the conversion ratio of reactants and the chemical structure of the al ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b02227

76. Iron- and Cobalt-Doped Ceria–Zirconia Nanocomposites for Catalytic Cracking of Naphtha with Regenerative Capability

Author:
Ajumobi Oluwole O.; Muraza Oki; Bakare Idris A.; Al Amer Adnan M.
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2017 v.31 no.11 pp. 12612-12623
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
propylene; ethylene; cobalt; X-ray diffraction; iron; catalysts; catalytic cracking; fuels; nanocomposites; hexane; temperature; catalytic activity; metal ions
Abstract:
... Series of nanosized iron- and cobalt-doped ceria–zirconia nanocomposites were prepared using a hydrothermal synthesis technique at 180 °C for 24 h, with the successful novel incorporation of both Co and Fe on ceria–zirconia, for n-hexane catalytic cracking. Effects of dopant ions on the improvement of intrinsic properties of ceria–zirconia nanocomposites were investigated using disparate character ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b01376

77. Kinetic Model for Low-Temperature Coal Tar Hydrorefining

Author:
Niu Menglong; Zheng Huaan; Sun Xiaohong; Zhang Shengjun; Li Dong; Qiao Jing; Li Wenhong
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2017 v.31 no.5 pp. 5441-5447
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
catalysts; coal tar; fuels; kinetics; models; nitrogen content; sulfur; temperature
Abstract:
... In this work, the hydrorefining of coal tar was carried out in a three-stage fixed-bed reactor to produce clear fuel. Three catalysts containing hydroprotecting (HP) catalyst, hydrodesulfurization (HDS) catalyst, and hydrodenitrification (HDN) catalyst were loaded into three reactors in sequence in the grading ratio of 0.23:0.3:0.47. Based on 1200 h of experimental data, a kinetic model for HDS, H ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b03109

78. Kinetic Modeling of the Catalytic Steam Reforming of High-Density Polyethylene Pyrolysis Volatiles

Author:
Barbarias Itsaso; Lopez Gartzen; Artetxe Maite; Arregi Aitor; Bilbao Javier; Olazar Martin
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2017 v.31 no.11 pp. 12645-12653
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
carbon dioxide; carbon monoxide; catalysts; equations; fluidized beds; fuels; hydrogen; kinetics; methane; nickel; polyethylene; pyrolysis; regression analysis; steam; temperature
Abstract:
... The kinetics of the steam reforming of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) pyrolysis volatiles is studied on a Ni commercial catalyst in a fluidized bed reactor in line with the pyrolysis reactor (a conical spouted bed reactor at 500 °C). Steam reforming reactions have been carried out under the following conditions: temperature of 600–700 °C and space time of 0–16.7 gcₐₜ min gHDPE–¹. On the basis of ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b01909

79. Kinetics of Mixing-Assisted Oxidative Desulfurization of Dibenzothiophene in Toluene Using a Phosphotungstic Acid/Hydrogen Peroxide System: Effects of Operating Conditions

Author:
de Luna Mark Daniel G.; Wan Meng-Wei; Golosinda Lucille R.; Futalan Cybelle M.; Lu Ming-Chun
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2017 v.31 no.9 pp. 9923-9929
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
activation energy; catalysts; correlation; crystallites; desulfurization; equations; fuels; hydrogen peroxide; models; oxidants; oxidation; phosphotungstic acid; sulfur; temperature; toluene
Abstract:
... Mixing-assisted oxidative desulfurization (MAOD) of model fuel that contains dibenzothiophene (DBT) using phosphotungstic acid (HPW) as a catalyst and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) as an oxidant was evaluated. Characterization analysis of HPW shows that the average crystallite size is 82.39 nm, with a disintegrated structure and morphology. The effect of operating parameters, such as mixer speed (5000– ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b01773

80. Kinetics of Promotional Effects of Oil-Soluble Dispersed Metal (Mo, Co, and Fe) Catalysts on Slurry Phase Hydrocracking of Vacuum Gas Oil

Author:
Bdwi Emad A. S.; Ali Syed A.; Quddus Mohammad R.; Al-Bogami Saad A.; Razzak Shaikh A.; Hossain Mohammad M.
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2017 v.31 no.3 pp. 3132-3142
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
activation energy; autoclaves; catalysts; cobalt; gases; hydrocarbons; hydrogenation; iron; kinetics; models; molybdenum; oils; slurries; thermal cracking
Abstract:
... This study deals with the promotional effects of dispersed cocatalysts on hydrocracking of vacuum gas oil (VGO). The influence of oil-soluble molybdenum-, iron-, and cobalt-based materials is investigated with and without the presence of a commercial first-stage W–Ni/Al₂O₃–SiO₂ hydrocracking catalyst. The experiments are conducted in a batch autoclave reactor (at 8.5 MPa and 420 °C). The dispersed ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b03322

81. Liquid Phase Hydrogenolysis of Glycerol over Highly Active 50%Cu–Zn(8:2)/MgO Catalyst: Reaction Parameter Optimization by Using Response Surface Methodology

Author:
A Al Ameen; Mondal Smita; Pudi Satyanarayana Murty; Pandhare Nitin Naresh; Biswas Prakash
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2017 v.31 no.8 pp. 8521-8533
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
autoclaves; catalysts; catalytic activity; copper; fuels; glycerol; hydrogen; magnesium oxide; models; regression analysis; response surface methodology; zinc
Abstract:
... In this study, a highly promising bimetallic 50%Cu–Zn(8:2)/MgO catalyst was developed for selective hydrogenolysis of glycerol to 1,2-propanediol (1,2-PDO). The catalytic activity was evaluated in a high pressure autoclave reactor. Results demonstrated that the incorporation of Zn into Cu/MgO catalysts enhanced the glycerol conversion and selectivity to 1,2-PDO due to the hydrogen spillover effect ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b00766

82. Lu Plot and Yao Plot: Models To Analyze Product Distribution of Long-Term Gas-Phase Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis Experimental Data on an Iron Catalyst

Author:
Gorimbo Joshua; Muleja Adolph; Lu Xiaojun; Yao Yali; Liu Xinying; Hildebrandt Diane; Glasser David
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2017 v.31 no.5 pp. 5682-5690
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
carbon; carbon monoxide; catalysts; chemical reactions; clean fuels; hydrogen; models; reducing agents; synthesis gas; synthetic fuels
Abstract:
... Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) is a catalyzed chemical reaction in which synthesis gas (H₂ + CO) is converted to clean fuels and chemicals. In addition to the classical Anderson–Schulz–Flory (ASF) model, two new models, namely, Yao and Lu models, are presented to show the FTS product distribution using the experimental data obtained in three fixed-bed reactors [each loaded with 1 g of the same ir ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b00388

83. Magnesium as Promoter of CO2 Methanation on Ni-Based USY Zeolites

Author:
Bacariza Maria C.; Graça Inês; Bebiano Suse S.; Lopes José M.; Henriques Carlos
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2017 v.31 no.9 pp. 9776-9789
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
active sites; carbon dioxide; catalysts; catalytic activity; fuels; ion exchange; magnesium; magnesium oxide; methane; nickel; solid solutions; zeolites
Abstract:
... CO₂ methanation was studied over Ni–Mg–USY zeolite catalysts. Mg was added by incipient wetness impregnation and ion exchange. Whatever the Mg incorporation method used, Mg is able to improve the performance of the Ni-zeolite catalysts. Magnesium impregnation at lower contents (below 2.5%) over a 5%Ni/zeolite leads to an enhancement of the CO₂ conversion into methane of 15% at 350–450 °C, probably ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b01553

84. Maximization of Gasoline in an Industrial Fluidized Catalytic Cracking Unit

Author:
John Yakubu M.; Patel Raj; Mujtaba Iqbal M.
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2017 v.31 no.5 pp. 5645-5661
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
catalysts; catalytic cracking; feedstocks; gases; gasoline; mass flow; mathematical models; oils; petroleum; profitability
Abstract:
... The riser of a fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) unit cracks gas oil to make fuels such as gasoline and diesel. However, changes in quality, the nature of crude oil blends feedstocks, environmental changes, and the desire to obtain higher profitability lead to many alternative operating conditions of the FCC riser. The production objective of the riser is usually the maximization of gasoline and dies ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b00071

85. Methods To Calculate Hydrogen Consumption during Hydrocracking Experiments in Batch Reactors

Author:
Félix Guillermo; Quitian Alexander; Rodríguez Emmanuel; Ancheyta Jorge; Trejo Fernando
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2017 v.31 no.11 pp. 11690-11697
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
catalysts; equations; fuels; hematite; hydrogen
Abstract:
... Different approaches are described to quantify hydrogen consumption, gas production, and mass balances in batch reactors for conducting hydrocracking experiments. The methods studied were by weight, by measuring the volume of gas loaded and unloaded from the reactor (with gas syringe and with gasometer), and by calculating the gas volume with an equation of state. All of the approaches proved to b ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b01878

86. Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Ethylene Glycol-Intercalated NiAl LDHs and Their Application for Intracrystalline Catalytic Esterification with Naphthenic Acids in Crude Oil

Author:
Wang Hao; Liu Xinyue; Wu Yan; Hou Chunyan; Qiu Yue; Guo Ke
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2017 v.31 no.9 pp. 9898-9904
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
active sites; aluminum; catalysts; esterification; ethylene; ethylene glycol; hydroxides; ion exchange; microwave treatment; naphthenates; nickel; nitrates; petroleum
Abstract:
... Ethylene glycol (EG)-intercalated layered double hydroxides (LDHs) with various Ni/Al molar ratios were prepared by a microwave-assisted ion exchange method. In comparison with the conventional ion exchange method, this method can achieve a more ordered layered structure and reduce the ion exchange time from 12 h to 30 min. The as-prepared EG-intercalated LDHs were used as esterification catalysts ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b01424

87. Molecular Evolution of Asphaltenes from Petroleum Residues after Different Severity Hydroconversion by EST Process

Author:
Montanari Luciano; Bonoldi Lucia; Alessi Andrea; Flego Cristina; Salvalaggio Mario; Carati Claudio; Bazzano Francesca; Landoni Alberto
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2017 v.31 no.4 pp. 3729-3737
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
atmospheric pressure; carbon; catalysts; feedstocks; fluorescence; gel chromatography; molecular weight; nitrogen; petroleum; polar compounds; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; slurries; solubility; sulfur; vapor pressure
Abstract:
... Residue conversion processes are becoming increasingly important in the world today, because of several market and economic factors. The residues contain a large mass fraction of heavy and polar compounds known as asphaltenes, which can cause major problems in the conversion processes. Heavy feedstocks with high asphaltene content can become an economic opportunity if they can be converted to ligh ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b03332

88. Molecular Simulation of the Catalytic Cracking of Hexadecane on ZSM-5 Catalysts Based on Reactive Force Field (ReaxFF)

Author:
Chen Zhuojun; Zhao Peng; Zhao Ling; Sun Weizhen
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2017 v.31 no.10 pp. 10515-10524
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
aluminum; catalysts; catalytic cracking; chemical bonding; dehydrogenation; ethylene; feedstocks; fuels; hexadecane; pyrolysis; temperature; thermal stability
Abstract:
... Fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) is one of the most dominant processes for heavy feedstock conversion. By using ReaxFF dynamic simulations, the catalytic pyrolysis of hexadecane was investigated with the presence of ZSM-5, hydrated ZSM-5, and hydrated Al/ZSM-5 catalysts under high temperatures. Multimolecular simulation results showed that the hydrated ZSM-5 catalyst has good catalytic reactivity at ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b01519

89. Na-Containing Mineral Transformation Behaviors during Na2CO3-Catalyzed CO2 Gasification of High-Alumina Coal

Author:
Mei Yangang; Wang Zhiqing; Fang Huibin; Wang Yongwei; Huang Jiejie; Fang Yitian
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2017 v.31 no.2 pp. 1235-1242
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; X-ray diffraction; alkali metals; aluminum; aluminum oxide; boehmite; carbon dioxide; catalysts; catalytic activity; coal; gasification; kaolinite; models; silicates; silicon; sodium carbonate; temperature; thermogravimetry
Abstract:
... Interactions between alkali metals in catalysts and silicon or aluminum minerals in coal are closely related to gasification reactivity, deactivation, and recovery of alkali catalysts during coal catalytic gasification, and alkali-containing minerals and their transformation behaviors are key issues for understanding these interactions. In this paper, Na-containing mineral transformation behaviors ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b02491

90. Nitrogen Removal from Oil: A Review

Author:
Prado Glaucia H. C.; Rao Yuan; de Klerk Arno
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2017 v.31 no.1 pp. 14-36
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
adsorption; bitumen; catalysts; corrosion; feedstocks; nitrogen; nitrogen compounds; nitrogen content; oils; salts; solvents
Abstract:
... The selective removal of nitrogen-containing compounds from oil and oil fractions is of interest because of the potential deleterious impact of such compounds on products and processes. Problems caused by nitrogen-containing compounds include gum formation, acid catalyst inhibition and deactivation, acid–base pair-related corrosion, and metal complexation. A brief overview of the classes of nitrog ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b02779

91. Nitrogen-Coordinated Iron−Carbon as Efficient Bifunctional Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Reduction and Oxygen Evolution Reactions in Acidic Media

Author:
Mamtani Kuldeep; Jain Deeksha; Co Anne C.; Ozkan Umit S.
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2017 v.31 no.6 pp. 6541-6547
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
catalysts; catalytic activity; fuels; oxygen; oxygen production
Abstract:
... The ORR and OER performances of N-coordinated iron–carbon (FeNC), Ir/C, and Pt/C catalysts were compared using half-cell measurements. The results suggest significant ORR and OER activity for FeNC materials unlike state-of-the-art Ir/C or Pt/C which exhibited high catalytic activity only for one of the two reactions. Bifunctionality analysis on these three catalyst materials reveals significantly ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b00242

92. Novel Ebullated Bed Residue Hydrocracking Process

Author:
Liu Jiankun; Fang Xiangchen; Yang Tao
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2017 v.31 no.6 pp. 6568-6579
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
catalysts; fuels; industry; mass transfer; physicochemical properties; recycling; refining
Abstract:
... Residue hydrocracking has been attracting more and more attention to the refining industry in recent years, and one of the best approaches is ebullated bed residue hydrocracking (EBRH). STRONG ebullated bed residue hydrocracking uses a new type of reactor, and a 50 KTA demonstration unit has been put into operation now. Crucial points of STRONG residue hydrocracking are proposed physical and chemi ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b02937

93. Numerical Simulation of CO Methanation for the Production of Synthetic Natural Gas in a Fluidized Bed Reactor

Author:
Sun Liyan; Luo Kun; Fan Jianren
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2017 v.31 no.9 pp. 10267-10273
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
catalysts; feed composition; fluidized beds; heat; hydrogen; inventories; mathematical models; methane; methane production; natural gas; temperature
Abstract:
... In order to obtain the characteristics of the CO methanation process, numerical simulations are carried out in a fluidized bed reactor. The model is validated by comparing the simulation results of the gas composition with experimental data. The influences of the operational parameters on H₂ conversion and CH₄ yield are evaluated. The CO conversion and selectivity of CH₄ increase with rising press ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b01781

94. One-Pot Conversion of Carbohydrates in Biomass to Isobutyroin-Rich Branched Oxygenates: Carbohydrate Depolymerization and Methyl Introduction in Supercritical Methanol

Author:
Huang Yong; Qiu Shi; Guo Xuan; Lin Shenghua; Fang Yunming
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2017 v.31 no.1 pp. 688-692
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
acetic acid; biomass; carbohydrates; catalysts; cations; depolymerization; feedstocks; gasoline; isotope labeling; methanol; potassium; sodium; temperature
Abstract:
... This study proposes a one-pot conversion of carbohydrates in biomass to branched oxygenates in methanol, employing noble metal and alkali cation as catalysts. The main product, isobutyroin, is highly concentrated when the reaction temperature and consequent pressure reach the supercritical point of methanol. The type of alkali cation and ratio of feedstock/alkali also significantly influence the p ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b03285

95. Operational Optimization of a Hydrotreating System Based on Removal of Sulfur Compounds in Hydrotreaters Coupled with a Fluid Catalytic Cracker

Author:
Wu Le; Liu Yongzhong; Zhang Qundan
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2017 v.31 no.9 pp. 9850-9862
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
case studies; catalysts; catalytic cracking; desulfurization; energy; energy conservation; environmental law; fuel production; hydrogen; models; oils; petroleum; sulfur; China
Abstract:
... Escalating stringent environmental regulations on fuel coupled with decreased quality of incoming crude oil make energy conservation techniques in fuel production a necessary venture. In this work, a nonlinear programming (NLP) model was proposed to optimize the hydrotreating (HDT) system coupled with a fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) unit in refineries. Two optimization models, i.e. a total sulfur ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b00860

96. Optimization of Catalytic Glycerol Etherification with Ethanol in a Continuous Reactor

Author:
Lemos Caroline O. T.; Rade Leticia L.; Barrozo Marcos A. de S.; Fernandes Lindoval D.; Cardozo-Filho Lucio; Hori Carla E.
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2017 v.31 no.5 pp. 5158-5164
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
acidity; aluminum; biodiesel; byproducts; catalysts; ethanol; ethers; glycerol; porosity; silicon; temperature; zeolites
Abstract:
... In the past few decades, biodiesel has emerged as a promising renewable energy source. However, its production usually leads to the formation of large amounts of glycerol as a byproduct. This article reports the evaluation of catalytic glycerol etherification with ethanol over a series of catalysts in a continuous reactor. Amberlyst 15 presented the best performance in terms of glycerol conversion ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b00194

97. Oxidative Desulfurization of Diesel Fuel Using a Brønsted Acidic Ionic Liquid Supported on Silica Gel

Author:
Safa Mahdieh; Mokhtarani Babak; Mortaheb Hamid Reza; Tabar Heidar Kurosh; Sharifi Ali; Mirzaei Mojtaba
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2017 v.31 no.9 pp. 10196-10205
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; catalysts; desulfurization; diesel fuel; energy-dispersive X-ray analysis; filtration; ionic liquids; models; oils; scanning electron microscopy; silica gel; sol-gel processing; sulfates; sulfur; surface area; temperature
Abstract:
... A novel heterogeneous catalyst was prepared by supporting the ionic liquid (IL) 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate ([Omim][HSO₄]) in the silica-gel matrix using a sol–gel method and employed in oxidative desulfurization of a model oil containing dibenzothiophene (DBT) and real diesel fuel. The properties of the supported ionic liquid (SIL) were characterized by FT-IR, TGA, BET-BJH, SEM-E ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b03505

98. Oxidative Desulfurization of Diesel Using Vanadium-Substituted Dawson-Type Emulsion Catalysts

Author:
Banisharif F.; Dehghani M. R.; Campos-Martin J. M.
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2017 v.31 no.5 pp. 5419-5427
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
Taguchi method; acetic acid; catalysts; desulfurization; diesel fuel; emulsions; formic acid; hydrogen peroxide; models; oxidation; sulfur; temperature
Abstract:
... In this study, we aimed at investigating the catalytic oxidative desulfurization (CODS) of the model diesel oil and real diesel oil using the vanadium-substituted Dawson-type emulsion catalyst ([cetrimonium]₆₊ₓP₂W₁₈–ₓVₓO₆₂ (x = 1, 3, 5)). Among all prepared samples, [cetrimonium]₁₁P₂W₁₃V₅O₆₄ showed the best results in CODS of model diesel oil under determined conditions (10 g/L catalyst and O/S mo ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b02791

99. Performance and Pathways of Toluene Degradation over Co/13X by Different Processes Based on Nonthermal Plasma

Author:
Yi Honghong; Yang Xi; Tang Xiaolong; Zhao Shunzheng; Xie Xizhou; Feng Tiecheng; Ma Yueqiang; Cui Xiaoxu
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2017 v.31 no.10 pp. 11217-11224
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; active oxygen species; carbon dioxide; catalysts; electrons; energy efficiency; fuels; mineralization; oxidation; toluene; volatile organic compounds
Abstract:
... Performance and pathways of toluene degradation by three types of processes based on nonthermal plasma, including nonthermal plasma alone (NTP), plasma catalytic (PC), and adsorption-plasma catalytic processes (APC), were compared, which took into account toluene removal efficiency (ηᵣ), mineralization efficiency (ηM), CO₂ selectivity (ηC), and energy efficiency (ηE). Co/13X is a catalyst prepared ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b01657

100. Performance of Promoted Iron/CNT Catalyst for Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis: Influence of Pellet Shapes and Binder Loading

Author:
Badoga Sandeep; Vosoughi Vahid; Dalai Ajay K.
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2017 v.31 no.11 pp. 12633-12644
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
Fischer-Tropsch reaction; Taguchi method; X-ray diffraction; aluminum oxide; bentonite; carbon nanotubes; catalysts; crushing; fuels; iron; mass transfer; pellets; strength (mechanics); synthesis gas; temperature
Abstract:
... Instead of powder, catalyst pellets are preferred in a fixed-bed reactor for Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS). In this research, promoted iron catalysts supported on carbon nanotubes (CNT) were pelletized in two different shapes (spherical and cylindrical) using different bentonite loadings (10–20 wt %). The pellets were tested for mechanical strength using single pellet and bulk crushing test meth ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b01318