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- Author:
- Ben, Haoxi; Jarvis, Mark W.; Nimlos, Mark R.; Gjersing, Erica L.; Sturgeon, Matthew R.; Foust, Thomas D.; Ragauskas, Arthur J.; Biddy, Mary J.
- Source:
- Energy & Fuels 2016 v.30 no.4 pp. 2968-2974
- ISSN:
- 1520-5029
- Subject:
- benzene; catechol; cyclohexanes; deuterium; guaiacol; hydrogenation; lignin; models; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; phenol; stable isotopes; toluene; xylene
- Abstract:
- ... In this study, a pyroprobe–deuterium (²H) NMR system has been used to identify isotopomer products formed during the deuteration and ring opening of lignin model compounds. Several common model compounds for lignin and its upgraded products, including guaiacol, syringol, toluene, p-xylene, phenol, catechol, cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, and methylcyclopentane, have been examined for selective ri ...
- DOI:
- 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5b02729
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021%2Facs.energyfuels.5b02729
- Author:
- Kumar Reddy, K. Suresh; Prabhu, A.; Al Shoaibi, Ahmed; Srinivasakannan, C.
- Source:
- Energy & Fuels 2016 v.30 no.4 pp. 3227-3232
- ISSN:
- 1520-5029
- Subject:
- active sites; adsorbents; adsorption; aluminum; catalysts; fuel production; heat exchangers; labor force; mercury; natural gas; risk; standard operating procedures; sulfur; temperature
- Abstract:
- ... Mercury present in natural gas streams is known to damage aluminum heat exchangers and precious catalyst beds and is a health risk to the work force; therefore, its removal is essential in the natural-gas-processing industries. The present research work attempts to test various sulfur-based adsorbents for elemental mercury adsorption capacity. Sulfur-impregnated carbons (SICs) and sulfonated carbo ...
- DOI:
- 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5b02630
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021%2Facs.energyfuels.5b02630
- Author:
- Zhou, Chang-Chun; Zhang, Ning-Ning; Peng, Chang-Bin; Cong, Long-Fei; Ouyang, Chang-Heng; Han, Rui
- Source:
- Energy & Fuels 2016 v.30 no.4 pp. 3233-3240
- ISSN:
- 1520-5029
- Subject:
- arsenic; case studies; chemistry; coal; gravity; laboratory equipment; particle size; pyrite; screening; spectrometers; sulfur; China
- Abstract:
- ... The content and modes of occurrence of arsenic and its distribution in Yunnan coal of China as well as its partitioning behavior during the coal separation process were investigated. The following laboratory equipment such as proximate analyzer, ultimate analyzer, sulfur analyzer, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer and the methods including sequential chemical extraction process, screeni ...
- DOI:
- 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5b02669
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021%2Facs.energyfuels.5b02669
- Author:
- Li, Fenghai; Fang, Yitian
- Source:
- Energy & Fuels 2016 v.30 no.4 pp. 2925-2931
- ISSN:
- 1520-5029
- Subject:
- X-ray diffraction; X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy; aluminum; aluminum oxide; ash content; calcium; calcium oxide; coal; energy; iron; melting point; mineral content; mixing; scanning electron microscopy; temperature; China
- Abstract:
- ... High aluminum coal (HAC, Al₂O₃ in its ash content ranges 38–51%) is abundant and plays an important role in energy and chemical product in China. The ash fusion characteristics of HAC and its modification behaviors by coal blending or flux were investigated by ash fusion temperature (AFT) analyzer, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, X-ray diffractometry combined with normalized reference intensity r ...
- DOI:
- 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b00285
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021%2Facs.energyfuels.6b00285
- Author:
- Xiong, Yu; Wang, Chong; Jiang, Jun; Deng, Hongwei
- Source:
- Energy & Fuels 2016 v.30 no.4 pp. 2805-2812
- ISSN:
- 1520-5029
- Subject:
- carbon dioxide; equations; oil fields; oils; specific gravity; temperature; viscosity
- Abstract:
- ... Supercritical carbon dioxide (sc CO₂) could greatly reduce the viscosity of heavy oils and consequently increases their fluidity on account of its special properties, whose density is close to that of the liquid while viscosity is similar to that of the gas. No matter if under reservoir conditions or in the pipelines, the fluidity of heavy-oil/sc CO₂ is of major concern, especially for the process ...
- DOI:
- 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b00066
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021%2Facs.energyfuels.6b00066
- Author:
- Fang, Shenwen; Chen, Ting; Wang, Rong; Xiong, Yan; Chen, Bin; Duan, Ming
- Source:
- Energy & Fuels 2016 v.30 no.4 pp. 3355-3364
- ISSN:
- 1520-5029
- Subject:
- emulsions; fluorescence; graphene oxide; nanosheets; oils; petroleum; rheology; surface tension
- Abstract:
- ... Graphene oxide (GO) has gathered widespread interest within the scientific community as a result of its unique properties. In the present work, the interfacial behavior of the GO nanosheet at the crude oil/water interface was explored to investigate its demulsification mechanism for crude oil/water emulsions. The interfacial rheology properties and the interfacial tension were systematically discu ...
- DOI:
- 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b00195
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021%2Facs.energyfuels.6b00195
- Author:
- Choo, Teck Kwang; Etschmann, Barbara; Selomulya, Cordelia; Zhang, Lian
- Source:
- Energy & Fuels 2016 v.30 no.4 pp. 3269-3280
- ISSN:
- 1520-5029
- Subject:
- X-radiation; X-ray absorption spectroscopy; X-ray diffraction; adsorption; ambient temperature; calcite; carbon dioxide; carbonation; cations; crystallization; ferrihydrite; fly ash; industrial wastes; iron; leaching; magnesium; magnetite; pH; scanning electron microscopy; sodium hydroxide; value added
- Abstract:
- ... A variety of leachates derived from the acid leaching of a unique Fe-rich fly ash, namely Yallourn from the Latrobe Valley of Australia at different temperatures, have been processed to achieve two key goals: synthesis of Fe-rich precipitate and mineral carbonation of alkaline earth metal cations for the storage and utilization of carbon dioxide (CO₂). The behavior and interference of unprecipitat ...
- DOI:
- 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5b02867
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021%2Facs.energyfuels.5b02867
- Author:
- Glushkov, Dmitrii
O.; Lyrshchikov, Sergey Yu.; Shevyrev, Sergei A.; Strizhak, Pavel A.
- Source:
- Energy & Fuels 2016 v.30 no.4 pp. 3441-3450
- ISSN:
- 1520-5029
- Subject:
- ash content; boiling point; burning; coal; combustion; enthalpy; heat; humidity; oils; petrochemicals; prediction; processing waste; slurries; temperature; viscosity; volatilization; water content
- Abstract:
- ... The main physicochemical coefficients of the components and of the tested coal–water slurry containing petrochemicals (CWSP) have been collected. The viscosity, mixture stability, density, ash content, humidity, flash and ignition temperatures, and enthalpy of combustion of the tested CWSP are reported. The temperatures of combustion of fuel compositions with different concentrations of solid and ...
- DOI:
- 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5b02881
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021%2Facs.energyfuels.5b02881
- Author:
- Nahreen, Shaima; Praserthdam, Supareak; Perez Beltran, Saul; Balbuena, Perla B.; Adhikari, Sushil; Gupta, Ram B.
- Source:
- Energy & Fuels 2016 v.30 no.4 pp. 2584-2593
- ISSN:
- 1520-5029
- Subject:
- Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; activation energy; aromatic compounds; catalysts; chromium; copper; energy efficiency; free radicals; iron; methane; molybdenum; natural gas; prices; ruthenium; shale; silica; temperature; zeolites; zinc
- Abstract:
- ... Discovery of large shale gas reserves in recent years resulted in the reduction of natural gas price. In order to convert methane in a direct and energy efficient route, nonoxidative catalytic conversion is a potentially attractive option which includes an activation of methane molecules at low temperature. The oxide of transition metals such as Mo, Fe, V, W, Cr, Zn, and Cu have been studied as ca ...
- DOI:
- 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5b02583
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021%2Facs.energyfuels.5b02583
- Author:
- Burger, Jessica
L.; Harries, Megan E.; Bruno, Thomas J.
- Source:
- Energy & Fuels 2016 v.30 no.4 pp. 2813-2820
- ISSN:
- 1520-5029
- Subject:
- alternative fuels; boiling point; combustion; diesel fuel; distillation; emissions; enthalpy; equations; models
- Abstract:
- ... The development of surrogate fuels with measured and predicted thermophysical properties similar to their authentic refinery stream counterparts is critical for the development of alternative fuels and the optimization of engines to increase efficiency and decrease emissions. In this work, four diesel fuel surrogates, formulated according to a reliable and proven procedure, were characterized by t ...
- DOI:
- 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b00107
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021%2Facs.energyfuels.6b00107
- Author:
- Kim, Eunkyoung; Cho, EunJi; Moon, Serah; Park, Joo-Il; Kim, Sunghwan
- Source:
- Energy & Fuels 2016 v.30 no.4 pp. 2932-2940
- ISSN:
- 1520-5029
- Subject:
- aromatic compounds; atmospheric pressure; desorption; fractionation; gas chromatography; ionization; mass spectrometry; nickel; oils; petroleum; porphyrins; resins; sulfur; thin layer chromatography
- Abstract:
- ... In this study, a preparatory-scale fractionation method was developed. To verify the effectiveness of this method, an oil sample was fractionated into five fractions, referred to as saturate, aro1, aro2, polar1, and polar2; these fractions were completely characterized by thin-layer chromatography–flame ionization detection (TLC–FID), field desorption (FD) and (+) atmospheric pressure photoionizat ...
- DOI:
- 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b00296
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021%2Facs.energyfuels.6b00296
- Author:
- Liu, Fang-Jing; Wei, Xian-Yong; Zong, Zhi-Min; Fan, Maohong
- Source:
- Energy & Fuels 2016 v.30 no.4 pp. 2636-2646
- ISSN:
- 1520-5029
- Subject:
- Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; acids; aromatic compounds; carbon; feedstocks; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; hydrogen bonding; ionization; lignite; methanolysis; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; spectrometers; stable isotopes; ultrasonics; value added
- Abstract:
- ... Lignites are promising as feedstocks for producing value-added oxygenated chemicals (OCs) due to their high contents of oxygen-containing organic species. Two modified lignites were produced from Xiaolongtan lignite and Shengli lignite via sequential ultrasonic extraction and subsequent supercritical methanolysis to produce OCs. Solid-state ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance analysis reveals the diffe ...
- DOI:
- 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5b02830
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021%2Facs.energyfuels.5b02830
- Author:
- Wang, Xia; Guo, Qingjie
- Source:
- Energy & Fuels 2016 v.30 no.4 pp. 3281-3288
- ISSN:
- 1520-5029
- Subject:
- adsorption; carbon dioxide; climate; coal; greenhouse gas emissions; hydrochloric acid; industrial applications; models; power plants; silica gel; sorbents; temperature; water vapor
- Abstract:
- ... The climate deterioration problem mainly caused by excessive CO₂ emission from coal-fired power plants has led to heightened concerns, and the reduction of the separation cost of CO₂ is essential to realize the industrial application of adsorption technology. The activated char was obtained by passing water vapor through a reactor while pyrolyzing coal at 650 °C, which was further pore-expanded us ...
- DOI:
- 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5b02882
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021%2Facs.energyfuels.5b02882
- Author:
- Cheng, Jun; Li, Yannan; Hu, Leiqing; Zhou, Junhu; Cen, Kefa
- Source:
- Energy & Fuels 2016 v.30 no.4 pp. 3251-3256
- ISSN:
- 1520-5029
- Subject:
- adsorption; biogas; carbon dioxide; hydrogen; ionic liquids; surface area
- Abstract:
- ... With the upgrading of fermentative biogas to produce gaseous transport fuel, ionic liquid (IL) [P₆₆₆₁₄][2-Op], which adsorbed CO₂ through multiple-site cooperative interactions, was loaded onto molecular sieve MCM-41 to adsorb CO₂ in a biohythane atmosphere (CH₄ + H₂ + CO₂). [P₆₆₆₁₄][2-Op] loaded onto MCM-41 exhibited a higher CO₂ adsorption rate than pure IL during the initial stage because of it ...
- DOI:
- 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5b02857
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021%2Facs.energyfuels.5b02857
- Author:
- Manganaro, James L.; Lawal, Adeniyi
- Source:
- Energy & Fuels 2016 v.30 no.4 pp. 3130-3139
- ISSN:
- 1520-5029
- Subject:
- algal oils; ammonia; biomass; carbon dioxide; coproducts; drying; energy; greenhouse gas emissions; heat; lipid content; lipids; microalgae; nutrients; oil and gas industry; petroleum; raw materials; water content
- Abstract:
- ... Life-cycle assessment for carbon dioxide emission was performed for an open pond microalgae based process to grow, harvest, extract, and produce a paraffinic hydrotreated algae oil (HTAO). The process was assumed to also produce a co-product of animal feed. A base case was defined using generally accepted parameter values for present technology and does not represent an optimized design. This base ...
- DOI:
- 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b00207
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021%2Facs.energyfuels.6b00207
- Author:
- Zhang, Shuping; Dong, Qing; Chen, Tao; Xiong, Yuanquan
- Source:
- Energy & Fuels 2016 v.30 no.4 pp. 3030-3037
- ISSN:
- 1520-5029
- Subject:
- Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; biofuels; decarboxylation; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; pH; pyrolysis; rice hulls; silica; sugars; torrefaction; washing; water content
- Abstract:
- ... A combination of light bio-oil washing and torrefaction pretreatment of rice husk samples was proposed in this study, to investigate the impact on physicochemical characteristics and fast pyrolysis behavior. The results indicated that pretreatment removed a significant percentage of metallic species and significantly improved the fuel characteristics of rice husk samples. Fourier transform infrare ...
- DOI:
- 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5b02968
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021%2Facs.energyfuels.5b02968
- Author:
- Ye, Caihong; Yuan, Haiping; Lou, Ziyang; Zhu, Nanwen
- Source:
- Energy & Fuels 2016 v.30 no.4 pp. 2990-2996
- ISSN:
- 1520-5029
- Subject:
- anaerobic digestion; biogas; economic feasibility; electrochemistry; hydrolysis; methane; methane production; nitrogen; phosphates; polysaccharides; proteins; sludge; solubilization
- Abstract:
- ... The electrochemical (EC) combined with hypochlorite (ClO–) pretreatment has been proven to be effective in improving disintegration of waste-activated sludge (WAS) and enhancing anaerobic digestion recently. The ClO– dosage had a significant impact on the performance of WAS solubilization and biogas production in terms of the disintegration degree (DDCOD), release of proteins (PNs) and polysacchar ...
- DOI:
- 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5b02884
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021%2Facs.energyfuels.5b02884
- Author:
- Yamamoto, Tsuyoshi; Tsuboi, Takahiro; Iwama, Yoshiho; Tanaka, Ryo
- Source:
- Energy & Fuels 2016 v.30 no.4 pp. 3495-3501
- ISSN:
- 1520-5029
- Subject:
- combustion; emissions factor; fuels; hydroxyl radicals; oxygen; spectroscopy; temperature
- Abstract:
- ... To develop a non-equilibrium plasma-assisted combustion method using microwave, we have performed the experiment of spray combustion by the superposition of non-equilibrium plasma using microwave and investigated the characteristics of combustion and reformation of plasma-assisted combustion. Various radicals generate under the superposition of non-equilibrium plasma using microwave and increase w ...
- DOI:
- 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b00097
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021%2Facs.energyfuels.6b00097
- Author:
- Wang, Liang; Várhegyi, Gábor; Skreiberg, Øyvind; Li, Tian; Grønli, Morten; Antal, Michael
J.
- Source:
- Energy & Fuels 2016 v.30 no.4 pp. 3186-3197
- ISSN:
- 1520-5029
- Subject:
- Picea; activation energy; atmospheric pressure; biomass; carbonization; charcoal; combustion; kinetics; least squares; oxygen; plant residues; temperature; thermogravimetry
- Abstract:
- ... The combustion properties of spruce chars and spruce forest residue chars were studied in the kinetic regime by a series of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) experiments. The work aimed at establishing how the pressure of the char preparation affects the reactivity with oxygen. Parts of the chars were prepared from a thin layer of biomass in inert gas flow at atmospheric pressure and 0.8 MPa. Other ...
- DOI:
- 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b00354
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021%2Facs.energyfuels.6b00354
- Author:
- Chandrasekaran, Sriraam R.; Sharma, Brajendra
K.; Hopke, Philip K.; Rajagopalan, Nandakishore
- Source:
- Energy & Fuels 2016 v.30 no.4 pp. 2958-2967
- ISSN:
- 1520-5029
- Subject:
- Panicum virgatum; X-radiation; ash content; atomic absorption spectrometry; biomass; bottom ash; carbon; carbon monoxide; catalysts; combustion; fluorescence; furnaces; gas emissions; heavy metals; hydrocarbons; melting; nitrogen oxides; particulate emissions; particulates; pellets; potassium; soot; sulfates; sulfur dioxide; volatile organic compounds; wood
- Abstract:
- ... Emissions and efficiency of three commercially available furnace types, horizontal feed, underfeed, and dropdown feed, were characterized using switchgrass pellets, and the results were compared to wood pellets. The efficiency of the furnaces was determined using a mass balance method. The gaseous emissions, including carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOₓ), and sulfur dioxide (SO₂) measuremen ...
- DOI:
- 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5b02624
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021%2Facs.energyfuels.5b02624